IndraLab

Statements


KRAS affects JOSD2
| 21 11
KRAS binds JOSD2.
| 8 11
| 8 11

sparser
"As shown in Fig.  xref , both wild-type JOSD2 and its catalytic mutants interact with KRAS, suggesting that the catalytic activity of JOSD2 is not necessary for KRAS binding to JOSD2."

sparser
"In addition, we also observed an interaction between exogenous JOSD2 and endogenous KRAS as well as exogenous KRAS and endogenous JOSD2 (Fig.  xref )."

sparser
"Moreover, the protein-protein interaction between endogenous JOSD2 and endogenous KRAS in SW620 and HCT-116 cells was further demonstrated in our co-immunoprecipitation assays (Fig.  xref )."

sparser
"To gain further insight into how JOSD2 regulated KRAS turnover and activity through its DUB activity, we first examined the exogenous interaction between JOSD2 and KRAS."

reach
"Moreover, the protein-protein interaction between endogenous JOSD2 and endogenous KRAS in SW620 and HCT-116 cells was further demonstrated in our co-immunoprecipitation assays (Fig. 2e)."

reach
"To gain further insight into how JOSD2 regulated KRAS turnover and activity through its DUB activity, we first examined the exogenous interaction between JOSD2 and KRAS."

sparser
"Considering JOSD2 regulated KRAS in an enzyme activity-dependent manner, we next asked whether JOSD2 binding to KRAS relying on its catalytic activity."

reach
"Considering JOSD2 regulated KRAS in an enzyme activity-dependent manner, we next asked whether JOSD2 binding to KRAS relying on its catalytic activity."

reach
"As shown in Fig. 2b, both wild-type JOSD2 and its catalytic mutants interact with KRAS, suggesting that the catalytic activity of JOSD2 is not necessary for KRAS binding to JOSD2.In addition, we also observed an interaction between exogenous JOSD2 and endogenous KRAS as well as exogenous KRAS and endogenous JOSD2 (Fig. 2c, d)."

reach
"To further demonstrate that the interaction between KRAS and JOSD2 is influenced by physiological or pathological conditions, we then introduced EGF and found that EGF stimulation indeed significantly promoted the MAPK signaling pathway (Supplementary Fig. 2f), which is consistent with the previous study ."
KRAS increases the amount of JOSD2.
| 7
Mutated KRAS increases the amount of JOSD2. 6 / 6
| 6

reach
"As shown in Fig. 4q, KRAS mutants significantly upregulated JOSD2 levels, but failed to pose similar effects in CHIP-depleted cells, indicating that KRAS mutants upregulated JOSD2 relying on CHIP.Given that JOSD2 functions as a DUB, we further investigate whether JOSD2 exhibits auto-DUB activity."

reach
"Mechanically, KRAS mutants positively regulated JOSD2 protein levels and stability in a CHIP-dependent manner and then restrained JOSD2 proteasomal degradation at K48, K142, and K181."

reach
"However, despite the activated state of YAP/TAZ, depletion of JOSD2 still shows more robust anti-tumor effects in KRAS-mutant xenografts compared to the wild-type counterparts, further demonstrating that the growth-inhibitory effect of JOSD2 knockdown depends, at least partially, on the degradation of mutant KRAS.Given that KRAS mutants upregulated JOSD2 levels relying on CHIP, whether CHIP overexpression plays a similar role as JOSD2 shRNA?"

reach
"Based on this understanding, we propose that KRAS mutants specifically upregulate JOSD2 levels by inhibiting the MEK5-ERK5 cascade, which mediates the promotion of CHIP activity ."

reach
"Correspondingly, depletion of KRAS mutants dramatically downregulated JOSD2 levels (Fig. 4c), indicating KRAS mutants positively regulated JOSD2 levels."

reach
"More importantly, KRAS mutants have been reported to suppress E3 enzymatic activity of CHIP , we next attempted to demonstrate whether KRAS mutants upregulating JOSD2 levels depend on CHIP."
KRAS increases the amount of JOSD2. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"By comparing the clinical tumor samples from KRAS-mutant/wild-type CRC patients, in addition to integrating oncogenic mutations (G12C, G12D, G12V, G12A, G12S, G13C, G13D, G13V) into KRAS wild-type cells, our study substantiated the hypothesis that the mutational activation of KRAS robustly augments JOSD2 expression."
KRAS activates JOSD2.
| 5
KRAS activates JOSD2. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"The pro-tumor effects are further reinforced by the reciprocal JOSD2 upregulation by activated KRAS, therefore forming a “JOSD2/KRAS positive feedback circuit” in CRC tumors."

reach
"As shown in Fig. 6e, f and Supplementary Fig. 9a, b, HY041004 remarkably suppressed the cell proliferation and colony formation of HT-29-KRAS in vitro, and the effect of HY041004 on HT-29-KRAS is significantly stronger than that on HT-29-KRAS , whereas KRAS covalent inhibitors MRTX-849 only selectively inhibited KRAS CRC cells (Supplementary Fig. 9b), suggesting the potential of JOSD2 inhibition as the promising pan-KRAS-mutation-targeting strategy."

reach
"Moreover, we verified that KRAS mutants, not wild-type KRAS, reciprocally upregulated JOSD2, thus forming a JOSD2/KRAS positive feedback circuit that significantly accelerated cell proliferation."
Mutated KRAS activates JOSD2. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"KRAS mutants significantly upregulate JOSD2 by inhibiting the E3 ligase activity of CHIP."

reach
"Moreover, KRAS mutants remarkably upregulated the protein levels and prolonged the half-life of JOSD2-WT, while posed little effect on JOSD2-3KR, demonstrating KRAS mutants regulating JOSD2 levels and stability mainly through K48, K142, and K181 (Fig. 4j)."
KRAS deubiquitinates JOSD2.
| 1
Mutated KRAS leads to the deubiquitination of JOSD2. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"Reciprocally, the stabilized KRAS mutants inhibit the ubiquitination of JOSD2 by suppressing its bona fide E3 ubiquitin ligase CHIP, thus forming a JOSD2/KRAS positive feedback circuit that robustly accelerates proliferation in KRAS-mutant CRC cells."
JOSD2 affects KRAS
| 21 11
JOSD2 binds KRAS.
| 8 11
| 8 11

sparser
"As shown in Fig.  xref , both wild-type JOSD2 and its catalytic mutants interact with KRAS, suggesting that the catalytic activity of JOSD2 is not necessary for KRAS binding to JOSD2."

sparser
"In addition, we also observed an interaction between exogenous JOSD2 and endogenous KRAS as well as exogenous KRAS and endogenous JOSD2 (Fig.  xref )."

sparser
"Moreover, the protein-protein interaction between endogenous JOSD2 and endogenous KRAS in SW620 and HCT-116 cells was further demonstrated in our co-immunoprecipitation assays (Fig.  xref )."

sparser
"To gain further insight into how JOSD2 regulated KRAS turnover and activity through its DUB activity, we first examined the exogenous interaction between JOSD2 and KRAS."

reach
"Moreover, the protein-protein interaction between endogenous JOSD2 and endogenous KRAS in SW620 and HCT-116 cells was further demonstrated in our co-immunoprecipitation assays (Fig. 2e)."

reach
"To gain further insight into how JOSD2 regulated KRAS turnover and activity through its DUB activity, we first examined the exogenous interaction between JOSD2 and KRAS."

sparser
"Considering JOSD2 regulated KRAS in an enzyme activity-dependent manner, we next asked whether JOSD2 binding to KRAS relying on its catalytic activity."

reach
"Considering JOSD2 regulated KRAS in an enzyme activity-dependent manner, we next asked whether JOSD2 binding to KRAS relying on its catalytic activity."

reach
"As shown in Fig. 2b, both wild-type JOSD2 and its catalytic mutants interact with KRAS, suggesting that the catalytic activity of JOSD2 is not necessary for KRAS binding to JOSD2.In addition, we also observed an interaction between exogenous JOSD2 and endogenous KRAS as well as exogenous KRAS and endogenous JOSD2 (Fig. 2c, d)."

reach
"To further demonstrate that the interaction between KRAS and JOSD2 is influenced by physiological or pathological conditions, we then introduced EGF and found that EGF stimulation indeed significantly promoted the MAPK signaling pathway (Supplementary Fig. 2f), which is consistent with the previous study ."
JOSD2 increases the amount of KRAS.
| 4
JOSD2 increases the amount of KRAS. 4 / 4
| 4

reach
"As shown in Supplementary Fig. 3i, depletion of JOSD2 significantly downregulated intratumor KRAS levels, indicating JOSD2 inhibition is capable of suppressing KRAS turnover in vitro and in vivo.To further investigate the contribution of JOSD2 in KRAS-mutant CRC growth in preclinical settings, we conducted KRAS-mutant CRC patient-derived cells (PDCs) and patient-derived xenografts (PDX) models (Fig. 3a)."

reach
"Further intratumor protein analysis shown that depletion of JOSD2 significantly downregulated intratumor KRAS levels, and the effects on KRAS mutants is significantly stronger than KRAS wild-type (Fig. 5h and Supplementary Fig. 6a)."

reach
"We found overexpression of JOSD2, but not JOSD1, significantly upregulated KRAS levels (Fig. 1d)."

reach
"Correspondingly, depletion of JOSD2, but not JOSD1, significantly downregulated KRAS levels (Fig. 1e and Supplementary Fig. 1b, c), indicating JOSD2 positively regulates KRAS abundance."
JOSD2 activates KRAS.
| 3
JOSD2 activates KRAS. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"Subsequent in vivo xenografts demonstrated that JOSD2 inhibition dramatically suppressed KRAS-mutant CRC PDXs growth and downregulated intratumor KRAS, p-MEK and p-ERK levels, with inhibition ratio as 73.24% (PDX-1 xenografts) and 81.12% (PDX-2 xenografts) (Fig. 3b–e, Supplementary Fig. 3m and Supplementary Table 2), which is consistent with the results of SW480 and SW620 xenografts.These results collectively demonstrated that JOSD2 plays a crucial role in KRAS-mutant CRC and that targeting JOSD2 significantly suppressed KRAS-mutant CRC growth in vitro and in vivo."

reach
"Correspondingly, depletion of JOSD2, but not JOSD1, significantly downregulated KRAS levels (Fig. 1e and Supplementary Fig. 1b, c), indicating JOSD2 positively regulates KRAS abundance."

reach
"Specifically, when JOSD2 removes the polyubiquitin chains from KRAS, the steric hindrance is reduced, thereby promoting the KRAS-RAF1 interaction, which will be further investigated in our future study.Taken together, these data confirmed that JOSD2 positively regulated KRAS abundance and activity in an enzymatic activity-dependent manner."
JOSD2 inhibits KRAS.
| 2
JOSD2 inhibits KRAS. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"Aforementioned data suggested that JOSD2 interacts with KRAS and positively regulates KRAS turnover and activity in an enzymatic activity-dependent manner."

reach
"Given that JOSD2 has been shown to reverse the polyubiquitin chains of KRAS mediated by LZTR1, which is reported to promote K48, K63, and K33-linked ubiquitin chains as part of its function as a “RAS killer protein” and JOSD2 also can deubiquitinate K6-linked ubiquitination of LKB1 and affecting its kinase activity , so we next tested the effects of GST-JOSD2 on K6-, K33-, K48-, K63- and K48R-linked ubiquitin chains of KRAS."
JOSD2 deubiquitinates KRAS.
| 2
JOSD2 deubiquitinates KRAS. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"JOSD2 deubiquitinates and stabilizes KRAS in an enzyme activity-dependent manner."

reach
"These data collectively demonstrated that JOSD2 directly binds to and deubiquitinates KRAS."
JOSD2 ubiquitinates KRAS.
| 1
JOSD2 leads to the ubiquitination of KRAS. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"On this basis, overexpression of JOSD2, not JOSD1, dramatically decreased the polyubiquitin chains of KRAS promoted by LZTR1 and restored the LZTR1-mediated KRAS levels downregulation (Fig. 2k and Supplementary Fig. 2k, l), indicating that JOSD2 reversed the effect of LZTR1-mediated KRAS ubiquitination degradation."
JOSD2 decreases the amount of KRAS.
| 1
JOSD2 decreases the amount of KRAS. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"Subsequently, we also tested the effect of JOSD2 knockdown on KRAS ubiquitination and found that depletion of JOSD2 remarkably promoted the polyubiquitination levels of KRAS wild-type and mutants (Fig. 2i)."
JOSD2 affects IMPDH2
| 11 11
JOSD2 binds IMPDH2.
| 3 11
| 2 11

sparser
"It shows that JOSD2 binds directly to the C-terminal catalytic domain of IMPDH2 and cleaves the K63-linked polyubiquitin of IMPDH2 at K134."

sparser
"Therefore, the potential JOSD2IMPDH2 interaction, which probably regulates NF- κ B signal and inflammatory response in IBD, aroused our interest."

reach
"Finally, the interaction between endogenous JOSD2 and IMPDH2 in mouse primary bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) was confirmed by Co-IP assay under physiological conditions, and the interaction between JOSD2 and IMPDH2 was further increased when the BMDMs were challenged by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (Fig. 5H)."

sparser
"JOSD2 directly interacts with an inflammation-regulating protein IMPDH2."

sparser
"Then, co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and double immunofluorescence staining experiments further confirmed the interaction between JOSD2 and IMPDH2 via in vitro co-transfection of JOSD2-Flag and GFP-IMPDH2-HA plasmids ( xref D and E)."

sparser
"Collectively, these data confirm the direct interaction between JOSD2 and IMPDH2."

sparser
"To further explore the essential domain of IMPDH2 that interacts with JOSD2, a series of GFP-IMPDH2-HA truncated mutants were constructed to identify the key domain in IMPDH2 protein ( xref F)."

sparser
"The present work shows that JOSD2 directly interacts with IMPDH2 and, via K63-linked deubiquitination, reduces IMPDH2 activity in macrophages."

sparser
"As shown in the xref , the interaction between JOSD2 and IMPDH2-K134R was decreased in macrophages."

sparser
"Interestingly, the LC–MS/MS analysis and immunoprecipitation assay showed that JOSD2 could interact with IMPDH2, an important inflammation-regulating protein ( xref B and C)."
JOSD2 binds IMPDH2 and K63. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"Mechanistically, JOSD2 binds to the C-terminal of inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2 (IMPDH2) and preferentially cleaves K63-linked polyubiquitin chains at the K134 site, suppressing IMPDH2 activity and preventing activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) and inflammation in macrophages."
JOSD2 inhibits IMPDH2.
| 4
JOSD2 inhibits IMPDH2. 4 / 4
| 4

reach
"Under colitis condition, in order to reduce inflammation, macrophages induce high expression of JOSD2, which then deubiquitinates IMPDH2 activity and inhibits IMPDH2–NF-κB inflammatory pathway."

reach
"The present work shows that JOSD2 directly interacts with IMPDH2 and, via K63-linked deubiquitination, reduces IMPDH2 activity in macrophages."

reach
"Furthermore, compared to the wide-type IMPDH2, the ubiquitination level of IMPDH2-K134R mutant was significantly reduced and JOSD2 failed to further deubiquitinate IMPDH2-K134R mutant, indicating that K134 in IMPDH2 is essential for ubiquitination and JOSD2-mediated deubiquitination (Fig. S9B).3.7 JOSD2 inhibits the activity of IMPDH2 to suppress downstream NF-kappaB activation."

reach
"Overall, these results suggest that IMPDH2 K134R reverses JOSD2-mediated IMPDH2 and NF-κB activities.3.8 Therapeutic effects of restoring JOSD2 expression against DSS-induced colitis in mice."
JOSD2 deubiquitinates IMPDH2.
| 3
JOSD2 deubiquitinates IMPDH2. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"Under colitis condition, in order to reduce inflammation, macrophages induce high expression of JOSD2, which then deubiquitinates IMPDH2 activity and inhibits IMPDH2–NF-κB inflammatory pathway."

reach
"Furthermore, JOSD2 exhibited an enhanced capacity to deubiquitinate IMPDH2 dose-dependently in HEK293T cells (Fig. 6B)."

reach
"The present study demonstrated that a DUB, JOSD2, alleviated colitis by deubiquitinating IMPDH2 and inhibiting IMPDH2 activity in macrophages."
JOSD2 decreases the amount of IMPDH2.
| 1
JOSD2 decreases the amount of IMPDH2. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"The results showed that JOSD2 overexpression decreased enzyme activity of IMPDH2 in cells, but was not able to reduce the protein level of IMPDH2 (Fig. 7B)."

reach
"JOSD2 has been shown to promote non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell proliferation by stabilizing metabolic enzymes aldolase A and phosphofructokinase-1, suggesting that JOSD2 is a positive regulator of glucose metabolism [4]."

reach
"The results showed that JOSD2 overexpression significantly promoted the proliferation (P < 0.0001), drug resistance (P < 0.0001), migration (P < 0.01), and invasion (P < 0.001) capability of KYSE30 cells (Figure 5C-E)."

reach
"JOSD2 promotes ESCC cell proliferation and drug resistance in vivo."

reach
"In vivo xenograft assays confirmed that JOSD2 promoted tumor proliferation and drug resistance in ESCC."

reach
"The depletion of JOSD2 significantly impaired the proliferation of CCA cells."

reach
"JOSD2 promotes cell proliferation, migration, and drug resistance in ESCC."

reach
"As expected, JOSD2 overexpression significantly promoted cell proliferation of LKB-WT NSCLC cells NCI-H1299 and PC-9, with no appreciable change in LKB-null cells A549 and NCI-H460 (Fig. 5a–d)."

reach
"Correspondingly, JOSD2 depletion significantly inhibited the cell proliferation in these NSCLC cells harboring LKB-WT (Fig. 1e), whereas imposed a weaker effect on LKB-null cells A549 cells at least under our experimental condition (Supplementary Fig. S7d, e)."

reach
"We found that JOSD2 depletion by RNA interference robustly inhibited the proliferation of both PDC cells in vitro (Fig. 6b), accompanied with the activation of p-LKB (Supplementary Fig. S8a)."

reach
"JOSD2 deficiency inhibits tumor cell proliferation by reducing glycolysis, and its mRNA expression is related to the worst prognosis in NSCLC (Krassikova et al., 2021)."

reach
"The depletion of JOSD2 promoted YAP/TAZ proteasomal degradation and significantly impeded CCA proliferation in vitro and in vivo."

reach
"Depleting JOSD2 led to the degradation of YAP/TAZ and thereby significantly inhibited CCA proliferation both in vitro and in vivo."
JOSD2 affects YAP1
4 | 16
JOSD2 binds YAP1.
4 | 2
4 | 2

reach
"In aggregate, these data illustrate the physically interaction between JOSD2 and YAP/TAZ at exogenous and endogenous levels.3.4 JOSD2 removes poly-ubiquitin chains on YAP/TAZ proteins."

reach
"Our above-mentioned results verified the interaction between JOSD2 and YAP/TAZ, since JOSD2 has been validated as a DUB, we next asked whether JOSD2 removed the poly-ubiquitin chains on YAP/TAZ."
JOSD2 increases the amount of YAP1.
| 3
JOSD2 increases the amount of YAP1. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"The results indicated that JOSD2 increased the protein level of YAP and significantly enhanced the nuclear/cytoplasm ratio of YAP (Fig. 2G)."

reach
"Deletion of endogenous JOSD2 by two specific shRNA substantially reduced YAP/TAZ protein levels (Fig. 2C)."

reach
"Moreover, over-expression of JOSD2-WT, but not the catalytically inactive C24A mutant, robustly up-regulated YAP/TAZ protein levels, indicting a deubiquitinase activity-dependent manner was involved (Fig. 2D)."
JOSD2 deubiquitinates YAP1.
| 3
JOSD2 deubiquitinates YAP1. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"JOSD2 has been shown to promote cholangiocarcinoma progression by deubiquitinating and stabilizing YAP/TAZ16."

reach
"The tumor-promoting effects were also revealed by another study that JOSD2 deubiquitinates and stabilizes YAP/TAZ by cleaving their proteolytic ubiquitination and inhibiting the latter degradation in cholangiocarcinoma."

reach
"Our previous study revealed the pro-tumor function of JOSD2 in cholangiocarcinoma and found that JOSD2 deubiquitinates and stabilizes YAP/TAZ by cleaving the proteolytic ubiquitination and inhibiting the latter degradation."
JOSD2 activates YAP1.
| 3
JOSD2 activates YAP1. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"Another study revealed that JOSD2 promoted cholangiocarcinoma proliferation by deubiquitinating and stabilizing Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), two essential transcriptional co-activators of the Hippo pathway ."

reach
"As expected, JOSD2 shRNA greatly reduced both the YAP/TAZ transcriptional activities and protein abundance (Fig. 2F), suggesting that JOSD2 was required to optimally maintain the protein stabilities and transcriptional responses of YAP/TAZ."

reach
"In addition, we transfected β-TRCP and cullin 1, two subunits of E3 ligase SCF into RBE cells, and found that YAP/TAZ protein levels were down-regulated as expected; in the contrast, the exogenous introduction of JOSD2 abrogated SCF -mediated degradation of YAP/TAZ in a deubiquitinase activity-dependent manner (Fig. 2I)."
JOSD2 inhibits YAP1.
| 2
JOSD2 inhibits YAP1. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"Upon treating JOSD2-depletion cells with proteasome inhibitor MG132, we demonstrated that the degradation of YAP/TAZ protein mediated by JOSD2 depletion was significantly attenuated (Fig. 2H)."

reach
"The depletion of JOSD2 promoted YAP/TAZ proteasomal degradation and significantly impeded CCA proliferation in vitro and in vivo."
JOSD2 decreases the amount of YAP1.
| 2
JOSD2-C24A decreases the amount of YAP1. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"As shown in Fig. 4A and B, introduction of JOSD2-WT, but not the catalytic mutant JOSD2-C24A, significantly reduced the ubiquitination levels of YAP/TAZ."
JOSD2 decreases the amount of YAP1. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"As shown in Fig. 4A and B, introduction of JOSD2-WT, but not the catalytic mutant JOSD2-C24A, significantly reduced the ubiquitination levels of YAP/TAZ."
JOSD2 ubiquitinates YAP1.
| 1
JOSD2 leads to the ubiquitination of YAP1. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"As the ubiquitination of YAP/TAZ is largely mediated by SCF E3 ligase, we firstly investigated the influence of JOSD2 on β-TRCP and cullin1 mediated ubiquitination of YAP/TAZ."
JOSD2 affects TAFAZZIN
2 | 13
JOSD2 deubiquitinates TAFAZZIN.
| 3
JOSD2 deubiquitinates TAFAZZIN. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"The tumor-promoting effects were also revealed by another study that JOSD2 deubiquitinates and stabilizes YAP/TAZ by cleaving their proteolytic ubiquitination and inhibiting the latter degradation in cholangiocarcinoma."

reach
"Recent reports have documented that TAZ can be directly deubiquitinated and stabilized by USP1 [46], USP10 [15], OTUB2 [16] and JOSD2 [47] in hepatocellular carcinoma, breast cancer and cholangiocarcinoma."

reach
"Our previous study revealed the pro-tumor function of JOSD2 in cholangiocarcinoma and found that JOSD2 deubiquitinates and stabilizes YAP/TAZ by cleaving the proteolytic ubiquitination and inhibiting the latter degradation."
JOSD2 binds TAFAZZIN.
2 | 1
2 | 1

reach
"Our above-mentioned results verified the interaction between JOSD2 and YAP/TAZ, since JOSD2 has been validated as a DUB, we next asked whether JOSD2 removed the poly-ubiquitin chains on YAP/TAZ."
JOSD2 activates TAFAZZIN.
| 3
| 3

reach
"As expected, JOSD2 shRNA greatly reduced both the YAP/TAZ transcriptional activities and protein abundance (Fig. 2F), suggesting that JOSD2 was required to optimally maintain the protein stabilities and transcriptional responses of YAP/TAZ."

reach
"In addition, we transfected β-TRCP and cullin 1, two subunits of E3 ligase SCF into RBE cells, and found that YAP/TAZ protein levels were down-regulated as expected; in the contrast, the exogenous introduction of JOSD2 abrogated SCF -mediated degradation of YAP/TAZ in a deubiquitinase activity-dependent manner (Fig. 2I)."

reach
"The depletion of JOSD2 promoted YAP/TAZ proteasomal degradation and significantly impeded CCA proliferation in vitro and in vivo."
JOSD2 increases the amount of TAFAZZIN.
| 2
JOSD2 increases the amount of TAFAZZIN. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"Deletion of endogenous JOSD2 by two specific shRNA substantially reduced YAP/TAZ protein levels (Fig. 2C)."

reach
"Moreover, over-expression of JOSD2-WT, but not the catalytically inactive C24A mutant, robustly up-regulated YAP/TAZ protein levels, indicting a deubiquitinase activity-dependent manner was involved (Fig. 2D)."
JOSD2 decreases the amount of TAFAZZIN.
| 2
JOSD2-C24A decreases the amount of TAFAZZIN. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"As shown in Fig. 4A and B, introduction of JOSD2-WT, but not the catalytic mutant JOSD2-C24A, significantly reduced the ubiquitination levels of YAP/TAZ."
JOSD2 decreases the amount of TAFAZZIN. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"As shown in Fig. 4A and B, introduction of JOSD2-WT, but not the catalytic mutant JOSD2-C24A, significantly reduced the ubiquitination levels of YAP/TAZ."
JOSD2 ubiquitinates TAFAZZIN.
| 1
JOSD2 leads to the ubiquitination of TAFAZZIN. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"As the ubiquitination of YAP/TAZ is largely mediated by SCF E3 ligase, we firstly investigated the influence of JOSD2 on β-TRCP and cullin1 mediated ubiquitination of YAP/TAZ."
JOSD2 inhibits TAFAZZIN.
| 1
| 1

reach
"Upon treating JOSD2-depletion cells with proteasome inhibitor MG132, we demonstrated that the degradation of YAP/TAZ protein mediated by JOSD2 depletion was significantly attenuated (Fig. 2H)."
JOSD2 affects STK11
| 15
JOSD2 inhibits STK11.
| 7
JOSD2 inhibits STK11. 7 / 7
| 7

reach
"Collectively, these results indicated that JOSD2 negatively regulates LKB1 kinase activity in NSCLC cells through its deubiquitination activity and residues cysteine 24 and histidine 125 of JOSD2 are both important catalytic sites."

reach
"Notably, GST-JOSD2 significantly diminished the kinase activity of LKB1 but showed only slight effect on LKB1-3KR, suggesting that the three lysine residues responsible for K6-linked ubiquitination on LKB1 are critical in mediating JOSD2 modulation on LKB1 kinase activity (Fig. 4e)."

reach
"These findings not only provide a new inhibitor against DUB(s) with the potential to be developed as a candidate compound for cancer therapy, but also implicated that the pharmacological inhibition of JOSD2 by small molecular compound(s) could reactivate LKB1 by modulating its K6 linkage, thus further verified this newly-established JOSD2-LKB1 axis which was critical for NSCLC proliferation."

reach
"These findings are consistent with our in vitro finding that JOSD2 negatively regulates LKB1 pathway and promotes NSCLC cell growth dependent of LKB1.These results collectively provided clinical relevance that JOSD2 plays a crucial role in promoting NSCLC cell proliferation through LKB1 kinase activity inhibition."

reach
"JOSD2 negatively regulates LKB1/AMPK signaling."

reach
"Altogether, these results suggested that JOSD2 suppresses LKB1 kinase activity by removing the K6-linked polyubiquitination on lysine residues 191, 269 and 423 of LKB1."

reach
"Furthermore, JOSD2 overexpression attenuated the interaction of LKB1-WT, but not LKB1-3KR, with STRAD and MO25 (Fig. 4g, h, Supplementary Fig. S6f)."
JOSD2 binds STK11.
| 4
| 3

reach
"Our result clearly indicated that overexpressed JOSD2 binds to LKB1."

reach
"We then checked the endogenous interaction between JOSD2 and LKB1 and found that endogenous JOSD2 co-immunoprecipitated with LKB1 (Fig. 3b)."

reach
"In addition, the interaction between JOSD2 and LKB1 was found to be more abundant in the cytoplasm than that in the nuclear fraction (Fig. 3d)."
JOSD2 binds STK11 and K6. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"In addition, to better consolidate our conclusion that JOSD2 regulated LKB1 activity by removing K6-ub but not K63-ub, we also investigated the effects of JOSD2 on K63-ub of LKB1, as shown in supplementary Fig. S4f, g, neither overexpression nor depletion of JOSD2 posed effects on LKB1 K63-ub, suggested that as a DUB for LKB1, JOSD2 preferentially cleaved K6 linkage but not K63 linkage.Hence, these results indicated that JOSD2 was a bona fide DUB for LKB1, as JOSD2 bound to LKB1 and removed the K6-linked polyubiquitination on LKB1."
JOSD2 activates STK11.
| 3
JOSD2 activates STK11. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"Josephin domain containing 2 (JOSD2) promotes lung cancer by inhibiting LKB1 (Liver kinase B1) activity."

reach
"Further cellular assays revealed that both HY041004 and HY04071 robustly blocked the loss of K6-linked polyubiquitination on LKB1 caused by JOSD2 (Fig. 7c), suggesting that these two compounds not only inhibit the in vitro deubiquitinating activity of JOSD2, but also efficiently suppress its catalytic activity in the cells."

reach
"To pinpoint the specific lysine linkage on LKB1 mediated by JOSD2, we performed a cell-based ubiquitination assay using WT-Ub and seven mutant forms of ubiquitin: ubiquitin-K6, ubiquitin-K11, ubiquitin-K27, ubiquitin-K29, ubiquitin-K33, ubiquitin-K48 and ubiquitin-K63, each links to the substrate in a distinctive manner."
JOSD2 deubiquitinates STK11.
| 1
JOSD2 leads to the deubiquitination of STK11. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"In addition, only the JOSD2-WT, but not the JOSD2 catalytic-inactive mutants, decreased K6-linked or the endogenous polyubiquitination of LKB1 (Fig. 3g, h, Supplementary Fig. S4c)."
IMPDH2 affects JOSD2
| 3 11
| 2 11

sparser
"It shows that JOSD2 binds directly to the C-terminal catalytic domain of IMPDH2 and cleaves the K63-linked polyubiquitin of IMPDH2 at K134."

sparser
"Therefore, the potential JOSD2IMPDH2 interaction, which probably regulates NF- κ B signal and inflammatory response in IBD, aroused our interest."

reach
"Finally, the interaction between endogenous JOSD2 and IMPDH2 in mouse primary bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) was confirmed by Co-IP assay under physiological conditions, and the interaction between JOSD2 and IMPDH2 was further increased when the BMDMs were challenged by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (Fig. 5H)."

sparser
"JOSD2 directly interacts with an inflammation-regulating protein IMPDH2."

sparser
"Then, co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and double immunofluorescence staining experiments further confirmed the interaction between JOSD2 and IMPDH2 via in vitro co-transfection of JOSD2-Flag and GFP-IMPDH2-HA plasmids ( xref D and E)."

sparser
"Collectively, these data confirm the direct interaction between JOSD2 and IMPDH2."

sparser
"To further explore the essential domain of IMPDH2 that interacts with JOSD2, a series of GFP-IMPDH2-HA truncated mutants were constructed to identify the key domain in IMPDH2 protein ( xref F)."

sparser
"The present work shows that JOSD2 directly interacts with IMPDH2 and, via K63-linked deubiquitination, reduces IMPDH2 activity in macrophages."

sparser
"As shown in the xref , the interaction between JOSD2 and IMPDH2-K134R was decreased in macrophages."

sparser
"Interestingly, the LC–MS/MS analysis and immunoprecipitation assay showed that JOSD2 could interact with IMPDH2, an important inflammation-regulating protein ( xref B and C)."
JOSD2 binds IMPDH2 and K63. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"Mechanistically, JOSD2 binds to the C-terminal of inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2 (IMPDH2) and preferentially cleaves K63-linked polyubiquitin chains at the K134 site, suppressing IMPDH2 activity and preventing activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) and inflammation in macrophages."
JOSD2 affects Neoplasms
| 10
| 10

reach
"This newly identified catalytic site can serve as a potential target for developing inhibitors against JOSD2 catalytic activity.In attempts to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of tumor-promoting effect of JOSD2, we found that overexpression of JOSD2 removes K6-linked polyubiquitination of LKB1, and the deubiquitination of K6 linkage of LKB1 leads to disruption of LKB1/STRAD/MO25 complex integrity, thus inhibits kinase activity of LKB1 and downstream AMPK signaling pathway, so as to induce cell proliferation."

reach
"We then further ask whether the tumor-promoting effect of JOSD2 is dependent on its regulatory effect on LKB1."

reach
"Moreover, patient derived cell (PDC) and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model were further introduced to validate the YAP/TAZ regulation and tumor-promoting roles of JOSD2 in CCA patients."

reach
"Taken together, these data confirmed that depletion of JOSD2 significantly arrested the NSCLC cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo."

reach
"In vivo xenograft assays further confirmed that JOSD2 promoted tumor proliferation and drug resistance in ESCC."

reach
"In vivo xenograft assays confirmed that JOSD2 promoted tumor proliferation and drug resistance in ESCC."

reach
"Nonetheless, in LKB1-null cells, silencing JOSD2 still exhibited a certain inhibitory effect on the proliferation, suggesting that other protein substrates in addition to LKB1, might also be involved in JOSD2-driven NSCLC proliferation and cannot be excluded.To further demonstrate that the tumor-promoting effect of JOSD2 depends on LKB1, LKB1-WT and LKB1-3KR were introduced to LKB-null NCI-H460 cells."

reach
"More importantly, JOSD2 distinctly accelerated the in vivo tumor growth in NCI-H460 xenografted tumors harboring LKB1-WT, but exerting minimal impact in control and LKB1-3KR groups (Fig. 5h–j)."

reach
"Taken together, the tumor-promoting effect of JOSD2 is dependent, at least partially, on its regulation on LKB1."

reach
"Consistently, JOSD2 silence markedly decreased >50% tumor weight (P < 0.01, Fig. 5C)."

reach
"JOSD2 enhances ESCC cell proliferation, drug resistance, and migration in vitro."

reach
"The results showed that JOSD2 overexpression significantly promoted the proliferation (P < 0.0001), drug resistance (P < 0.0001), migration (P < 0.01), and invasion (P < 0.001) capability of KYSE30 cells (Figure 5C-E)."

reach
"JOSD2 promotes ESCC cell proliferation and drug resistance in vivo."

reach
"Subsequent analyses revealed that JOSD2 significantly enhanced the proliferation, migration, and drug resistance of ESCC cells."

reach
"Moreover, JOSD2 knockdown decreased the drug resistance and migration of ESCC cells, while JOSD2 overexpression enhanced these phenotypes."

reach
"In vivo xenograft assays further confirmed that JOSD2 promoted tumor proliferation and drug resistance in ESCC."

reach
"In vivo xenograft assays confirmed that JOSD2 promoted tumor proliferation and drug resistance in ESCC."

reach
"JOSD2 promotes cell proliferation, migration, and drug resistance in ESCC."
YAP1 affects JOSD2
4 | 3
YAP1 binds JOSD2.
4 | 2
4 | 2

reach
"In aggregate, these data illustrate the physically interaction between JOSD2 and YAP/TAZ at exogenous and endogenous levels.3.4 JOSD2 removes poly-ubiquitin chains on YAP/TAZ proteins."

reach
"Our above-mentioned results verified the interaction between JOSD2 and YAP/TAZ, since JOSD2 has been validated as a DUB, we next asked whether JOSD2 removed the poly-ubiquitin chains on YAP/TAZ."
YAP1 activates JOSD2.
| 1
YAP1 activates JOSD2. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"Moreover, patient derived cell (PDC) and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model were further introduced to validate the YAP/TAZ regulation and tumor-promoting roles of JOSD2 in CCA patients."
| 1 5
| 1 3

reach
"JOSD2 deficiency inhibits tumor cell proliferation by reducing glycolysis, and its mRNA expression is related to the worst prognosis in NSCLC (Krassikova et al., 2021)."

eidos
"JOSD2 deficiency displays cytostatic effects and reduces glycolysis in a broad spectrum of tumor cells of distinct origin and its expression correlates with poor prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer ."

reach
"In addition, Krassikova et al. also demonstrated that JOSD2 promoted glycolysis in tumor cells through deubiquitination and stabilization of three important enzymes involved in glucose metabolism, namely PHGDH, PFK-1 and Aldolase A."

reach
"Krassikova et al. also demonstrated that JOSD2 promoted glycolysis in tumor cells through deubiquitination and stabilization of three important enzymes involved in glucose metabolism, namely PHGDH, PFK-1 and Aldolase A."
| 2

reach
"The absence of JOSD2 inhibited various cancer cells (including non-small cell lung cancer, breast cancer, and ovarian cancer cells) and reduced glycolysis."

reach
"JOSD2 deficiency displays cytostatic effects and reduces glycolysis in a broad spectrum of tumor cells of distinct origin and its expression correlates with poor prognosis in non small cell lung cancer."
JOSD2 affects CTNNB1
3 | 3
JOSD2 binds CTNNB1.
3 | 1
3 | 1

reach
"Contemporary research has demonstrated that JOSD2 can significantly impact metabolic and neoplastic diseases by modulating several signaling pathways by deubiquitinating different substrate proteins, such as sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca ATPase 2a (SERCA2a), Yes-associated protein (YAP)/transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), catenin beta-1 (CTNNB1), and a metabolic enzyme complex encompassing phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase, phosphofructokinase-1, and aldolase A16, 17, 18, 19."
JOSD2 decreases the amount of CTNNB1.
| 1
JOSD2 decreases the amount of CTNNB1. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"JOSD2 directly binds to and reduces ubiquitination levels of CTNNB1, thus, augmenting Wnt pathway transduction in HCC."
JOSD2 activates CTNNB1.
| 1
JOSD2 activates CTNNB1. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"Deubiquitinating enzyme JOSD2 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression through interacting with and inhibiting CTNNB1 degradation."
STUB1 affects JOSD2
1 | 4
STUB1 inhibits JOSD2.
| 2
STUB1 inhibits JOSD2. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"As shown in Fig. 4q, KRAS mutants significantly upregulated JOSD2 levels, but failed to pose similar effects in CHIP-depleted cells, indicating that KRAS mutants upregulated JOSD2 relying on CHIP.Given that JOSD2 functions as a DUB, we further investigate whether JOSD2 exhibits auto-DUB activity."

reach
"Reciprocally, KRAS mutations prevented CHIP-mediated degradation of JOSD2, thus forming a JOSD2/KRAS positive feedback circuit to fuel malignant proliferation of KRAS-mutant CRC cells, and rendering these cells vulnerable to JOSD2 inhibition (Fig. 7f)."
STUB1 binds JOSD2.
1 | 1
1 | 1

reach
"Moreover, CHIP positively regulated the K48-linked polyubiquitination levels of JOSD2 (Fig. 4m, n and Supplementary Fig. 4l–n), indicating CHIP binds to JOSD2 and regulates the latter’s ubiquitination levels.To further demonstrate that CHIP functions as an E3 ligase regulating JOSD2, we next examined the effect of CHIP on JOSD2 protein levels."
STUB1 decreases the amount of JOSD2.
| 1
STUB1 decreases the amount of JOSD2. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"As displayed in Fig. 4o and Supplementary Fig. 4o, overexpression of CHIP substantially reduced JOSD2 levels in SW480 cells, whereas the effects of WWP1, RNF169, PPIL2, RNF138 and CBLL1 on JOSD2 levels were minimal."
JOSD2 affects PKM2
| 5
JOSD2 inhibits PKM2.
| 3
JOSD2 inhibits PKM2. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"Moreover, acute myeloid leukemia progression is inhibited by the Josephin domain containing 2 blocking PKM2 nuclear localization."

reach
"Taken together, we propose that JOSD2 blocks PKM2 nuclear localization and reduces AML progression."

reach
"However, JOSD2 did not affect PKM2 protein level (Fig. 1h), but immunofluorescence showed that JOSD2 overexpression could significantly inhibit PKM2 nuclear localization in HL60 and primary AML cells (Fig. 1i, j and Additional file 1: Fig. S3a)."
JOSD2 deacetylates PKM2.
| 1
JOSD2 leads to the deacetylation of PKM2 on K433. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"We found that JOSD2 overexpression inhibited the K433 acetylation of PKM2, but had no effect on the phosphorylation of S37 and Y105 (Fig. 1m)."
JOSD2 acetylates PKM2.
| 1
JOSD2 leads to the acetylation of PKM2 on K433. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"JOSD2 inhibits nuclear localisation by reducing the lysine 433 acetylation of PKM2 in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), thereby decreasing downstream gene expression and ultimately slowing AML progression."
JOSD2 affects PHGDH
| 5
JOSD2 deubiquitinates PHGDH.
| 4
JOSD2 deubiquitinates PHGDH. 4 / 4
| 4

reach
"A recent study found that JOSD2 promoted glucose metabolism by deubiquitinating and stabilizing the metabolic enzyme complex, namely phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH), phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1), and Aldolase A ."

reach
"Josephin-2, a new DUB, deubiquitinates PHGDH in HCC to promote its stem cell phenotype [130]."

reach
"Recently, Norberg's group25 26 reported that JOSD2 deubiquitinates and stabilizes 3 important components (aldolase A, phosphofructokinase-1 and phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase) of glucose metabolic enzyme complex, leading to enhanced glycolytic rate and lung adenocarcinomas progression."

reach
"In NSCLC, JOSD2 also deubiquitinates and stabilizes phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase, a key enzyme that drives the first committed step in de novo serine biosynthesis [5]."
JOSD2 activates PHGDH.
| 1
JOSD2 activates PHGDH. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"They found that both in vitro and in vivo, JOSD2 directly regulated the metabolic enzyme complex comprising aldolase A, phosphofructokinase 1, and PHGDH."
JOSD2 affects Flag
| 5
| 5

sparser
"We next evaluated the binding by co-immunoprecipitation experiments via in vitro co-transfection of JOSD2-Flag with GFP-IMPDH2-HA plasmids or GFP-IMPDH2-K134R-HA plasmids in primary mouse peritoneal macrophages (MPMs)."

sparser
"To identify key substrate proteins interacting with JOSD2, anti-Flag magnetic beads were used to enrich Flag-JOSD2 protein and its interacting proteins in KYSE30 cells with exogenous Flag-JOSD2 overexpression."

sparser
"As indicated by the blue arrows in Figure xref , silver staining of the SDS-PAGE gel revealed numerous protein bands in the overexpression group but not in the control group, indicating that these proteins were specifically immunoprecipitated along with Flag-JOSD2."

sparser
"Then, co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and double immunofluorescence staining experiments further confirmed the interaction between JOSD2 and IMPDH2 via in vitro co-transfection of JOSD2-Flag and GFP-IMPDH2-HA plasmids ( xref D and E)."

sparser
"The plasmid encoding GFP-IMPDH2-HA was simultaneously transfected with plasmids encoding Ub-Myc, JOSD2-Flag, or JOSD2-C24A-Flag into HEK293T cells. xref A demonstrates a significant decrease in the ubiquitination of IMPDH2 when JOSD2 was present."

reach
"JOSD2 also stabilizes YAP/TAZ to promote cholangiocarcinoma progression [6]."

reach
"Another study revealed that JOSD2 promoted cholangiocarcinoma proliferation by deubiquitinating and stabilizing Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), two essential transcriptional co-activators of the Hippo pathway ."

reach
"Deubiquitinase JOSD2 stabilizes YAP/TAZ to promote cholangiocarcinoma progression."

reach
"For instance, USP36 deubiquitinates ALKBH5 to facilitate the progression of glioblastoma [9], and JOSD2 stabilizes YAP/TAZ to enhance the advancement of cholangiocarcinoma [8]."

reach
"Another study suggests YAP/TAZ is stabilized by the JOSD2 deubiquitinase to promote cholangiocarcinoma progression [ 25 ]."
Flag affects JOSD2
| 5
| 5

sparser
"We next evaluated the binding by co-immunoprecipitation experiments via in vitro co-transfection of JOSD2-Flag with GFP-IMPDH2-HA plasmids or GFP-IMPDH2-K134R-HA plasmids in primary mouse peritoneal macrophages (MPMs)."

sparser
"To identify key substrate proteins interacting with JOSD2, anti-Flag magnetic beads were used to enrich Flag-JOSD2 protein and its interacting proteins in KYSE30 cells with exogenous Flag-JOSD2 overexpression."

sparser
"As indicated by the blue arrows in Figure xref , silver staining of the SDS-PAGE gel revealed numerous protein bands in the overexpression group but not in the control group, indicating that these proteins were specifically immunoprecipitated along with Flag-JOSD2."

sparser
"Then, co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and double immunofluorescence staining experiments further confirmed the interaction between JOSD2 and IMPDH2 via in vitro co-transfection of JOSD2-Flag and GFP-IMPDH2-HA plasmids ( xref D and E)."

sparser
"The plasmid encoding GFP-IMPDH2-HA was simultaneously transfected with plasmids encoding Ub-Myc, JOSD2-Flag, or JOSD2-C24A-Flag into HEK293T cells. xref A demonstrates a significant decrease in the ubiquitination of IMPDH2 when JOSD2 was present."
Ubiquitin affects JOSD2
| 4

sparser
"The crystal asymmetric unit contains a single copy of the ubiquitin-Josephin-2 complex."

sparser
"The covalent complex between Josephin-2 and ubiquitin mimics the covalent thioester intermediate formed during the deubiquitination reaction ( xref )."

sparser
"Additionally, in the covalent complex of JOSD2 and ubiquitin, the ubiquitin molecule is covalently attached to cysteine-24, which moves side chain of this residue away from histine-125 and toward the binding site of the substrate."

sparser
"In order to form a Josephin-2-ubiquitin complex sufficiently stable for crystallization, we covalently linked the enzyme to its substrate using ubiquitin 1–75 -chloroethylamine, an active site-directed ubiquitin analog ( xref )."
TAFAZZIN affects JOSD2
2 | 2
TAFAZZIN binds JOSD2.
2 | 1
2 | 1

reach
"Our above-mentioned results verified the interaction between JOSD2 and YAP/TAZ, since JOSD2 has been validated as a DUB, we next asked whether JOSD2 removed the poly-ubiquitin chains on YAP/TAZ."
TAFAZZIN activates JOSD2.
| 1
| 1

reach
"Moreover, patient derived cell (PDC) and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model were further introduced to validate the YAP/TAZ regulation and tumor-promoting roles of JOSD2 in CCA patients."
STK11 affects JOSD2
| 4
| 3

reach
"Our result clearly indicated that overexpressed JOSD2 binds to LKB1."

reach
"We then checked the endogenous interaction between JOSD2 and LKB1 and found that endogenous JOSD2 co-immunoprecipitated with LKB1 (Fig. 3b)."

reach
"In addition, the interaction between JOSD2 and LKB1 was found to be more abundant in the cytoplasm than that in the nuclear fraction (Fig. 3d)."
JOSD2 binds STK11 and K6. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"In addition, to better consolidate our conclusion that JOSD2 regulated LKB1 activity by removing K6-ub but not K63-ub, we also investigated the effects of JOSD2 on K63-ub of LKB1, as shown in supplementary Fig. S4f, g, neither overexpression nor depletion of JOSD2 posed effects on LKB1 K63-ub, suggested that as a DUB for LKB1, JOSD2 preferentially cleaved K6 linkage but not K63 linkage.Hence, these results indicated that JOSD2 was a bona fide DUB for LKB1, as JOSD2 bound to LKB1 and removed the K6-linked polyubiquitination on LKB1."
JOSD2 is modified
| 4
JOSD2 is ubiquitinated.
| 3
JOSD2 is ubiquitinated. 3 / 3
| 3

sparser
"Moreover, EGF stimulation induced KRAS activation also posed a similar effect (Supplementary Fig.  xref ), demonstrating the regulation of KRAS on JOSD2 ubiquitination depending on KRAS activity."

sparser
"Considering that E3 ligases are key proteins regulating the ubiquitination levels of substrates, we guessed whether KRAS mutants regulate JOSD2 ubiquitination through their E3 ligases."

sparser
"Reciprocally, the stabilized KRAS mutants inhibit the ubiquitination of JOSD2 by suppressing its bona fide E3 ubiquitin ligase CHIP, thus forming a JOSD2/KRAS positive feedback circuit that robustly accelerates proliferation in KRAS-mutant CRC cells."
JOSD2 is methylated.
| 1
JOSD2 is methylated. 1 / 1
| 1

sparser
"Furthermore, we analyzed the correlations between the degree of methylation of ATXN3, JOSD1, and JOSD2 and the mRNA expression levels with the cBioPortal database."
JOSD2 affects Ubiquitin
| 4

sparser
"The crystal asymmetric unit contains a single copy of the ubiquitin-Josephin-2 complex."

sparser
"The covalent complex between Josephin-2 and ubiquitin mimics the covalent thioester intermediate formed during the deubiquitination reaction ( xref )."

sparser
"Additionally, in the covalent complex of JOSD2 and ubiquitin, the ubiquitin molecule is covalently attached to cysteine-24, which moves side chain of this residue away from histine-125 and toward the binding site of the substrate."

sparser
"In order to form a Josephin-2-ubiquitin complex sufficiently stable for crystallization, we covalently linked the enzyme to its substrate using ubiquitin 1–75 -chloroethylamine, an active site-directed ubiquitin analog ( xref )."
JOSD2 affects NSCLC
| 4
JOSD2 activates NSCLC.
| 3
JOSD2 activates NSCLC. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"JOSD2 promotes NSCLC growth via regulating LKB1."

reach
"Depletion of JOSD2 significantly impeded NSCLC growth in both cell/patient-derived xenografts in vivo."

reach
"Nonetheless, in LKB1-null cells, silencing JOSD2 still exhibited a certain inhibitory effect on the proliferation, suggesting that other protein substrates in addition to LKB1, might also be involved in JOSD2-driven NSCLC proliferation and cannot be excluded.To further demonstrate that the tumor-promoting effect of JOSD2 depends on LKB1, LKB1-WT and LKB1-3KR were introduced to LKB-null NCI-H460 cells."
JOSD2 deubiquitinates NSCLC.
| 1
JOSD2 deubiquitinates NSCLC. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"In NSCLC, JOSD2 also deubiquitinates and stabilizes phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase, a key enzyme that drives the first committed step in de novo serine biosynthesis [5]."
JOSD2 affects Mice
| 4
JOSD2 inhibits Mice.
| 3
JOSD2 inhibits Mice. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"Taken together, these data suggest that JOSD2 deficiency significantly exacerbates DSS-induced colon injuries.3.3 JOSD2 deficiency increases the production of inflammatory cytokines in DSS-challenged mice."

reach
"Conversely, the specific overexpression of JOSD2 in renal tubular epithelial cells effectively prevented renal tubular injury and inflammation induced in AKI mice."

reach
"Similarly, compared with the AAV6-NC group, AAV6-mediated JOSD2 overexpression significantly inhibited DSS-induced colon shortening and colon epithelial damage in mice, as seen in Fig. 8C–F. Moreover, AAV6-mediated JOSD2 overexpression markedly reduced the expression of proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine genes compared with the AAV6-NC-injected group (Fig. 8G)."
JOSD2 activates Mice.
| 1
JOSD2 activates Mice. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"Compared with the control group, JOSD2-overexpressed HL60 cells prolong the survival of B-NDG mice with smaller spleen, less tissue damage and less leukemia cell infiltration."

reach
"Moreover, acute myeloid leukemia progression is inhibited by the Josephin domain containing 2 blocking PKM2 nuclear localization."

reach
"JOSD2 regulates PKM2 nuclear translocation and reduces acute myeloid leukemia progression."

reach
"However, Lei et al[10] reported that, in acute myeloid leukemia, JOSD2 is a tumor suppressor and PKM2 is a newfound JOSD2-interacting partner, which suggests that JOSD2 has different functions and mechanisms in different malignant tumors[10]."

eidos
"JOSD2 regulates PKM2 nuclear translocation and reduces acute myeloid leukemia progression ."
JOSD2 affects Hypertrophy
| 4
JOSD2 inhibits Hypertrophy.
| 2
| 2

reach
"Josd2 gene knockout aggravated cardiac dysfunction and hypertrophy in mice, whereas cardiac overexpression of JOSD2 mediated by the AAV9 vector prevented angiotensin II-induced cardiac hypertrophy."

reach
"Deubiquitinase JOSD2 improves calcium handling and attenuates cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction by stabilizing SERCA2a in cardiomyocytes."
JOSD2 activates Hypertrophy.
| 2
| 2

reach
"By regulating SERCA2a, JOSD2 deficiency impairs calcium handling and promotes hypertrophy in primary cardiomyocytes."

reach
"Josd2 gene knockout aggravated cardiac dysfunction and hypertrophy in mice, whereas cardiac overexpression of JOSD2 mediated by the AAV9 vector prevented angiotensin II-induced cardiac hypertrophy."
JOSD2 affects FBN2
| 4
JOSD2 activates FBN2. 4 / 4
| 4

reach
"These results collectively indicate that YAP/TAZ have critical roles in CCA proliferation and JOSD2 is a potential oncogenic DUB in YAP/TAZ-related CCA.3.2 JOSD2 promotes CCA cells proliferation and stabilizes YAP/TAZ proteins."

reach
"Depleting JOSD2 led to the degradation of YAP/TAZ and thereby significantly inhibited CCA proliferation both in vitro and in vivo."

reach
"The depletion of JOSD2 significantly impaired the proliferation of CCA cells."

reach
"The depletion of JOSD2 promoted YAP/TAZ proteasomal degradation and significantly impeded CCA proliferation in vitro and in vivo."
JOSD2 affects ERK
| 4
JOSD2 activates ERK.
| 3
JOSD2 activates ERK. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"Mechanistically, JOSD2 appears to activate the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways."

reach
"Western blotting results showed that JOSD2 knockdown in ESCC cells inhibited the phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2 and AKT (Figure 7A), while JOSD2 overexpression in ESCC cells led to the activation of MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways (Figure 7B)."

reach
"Mechanistically, JOSD2 activates the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways."
JOSD2 decreases the amount of ERK.
| 1
JOSD2 decreases the amount of ERK. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"Western blotting results showed that JOSD2 knockdown in ESCC cells inhibited the phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2 and AKT (Figure 7A), while JOSD2 overexpression in ESCC cells led to the activation of MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways (Figure 7B)."
CTNNB1 affects JOSD2
3 | 1
3 | 1

reach
"Contemporary research has demonstrated that JOSD2 can significantly impact metabolic and neoplastic diseases by modulating several signaling pathways by deubiquitinating different substrate proteins, such as sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca ATPase 2a (SERCA2a), Yes-associated protein (YAP)/transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), catenin beta-1 (CTNNB1), and a metabolic enzyme complex encompassing phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase, phosphofructokinase-1, and aldolase A16, 17, 18, 19."

reach
"Western blotting results showed that JOSD2 knockdown in ESCC cells inhibited the phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2 and AKT (Figure 7A), while JOSD2 overexpression in ESCC cells led to the activation of MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways (Figure 7B)."

reach
"Mechanistically, JOSD2 appears to activate the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways."

reach
"Mechanistically, JOSD2 activates the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways."
| 3
| 3

reach
"Moreover, acute myeloid leukemia progression is inhibited by the Josephin domain containing 2 blocking PKM2 nuclear localization."

reach
"Taken together, we propose that JOSD2 blocks PKM2 nuclear localization and reduces AML progression."

reach
"However, JOSD2 did not affect PKM2 protein level (Fig. 1h), but immunofluorescence showed that JOSD2 overexpression could significantly inhibit PKM2 nuclear localization in HL60 and primary AML cells (Fig. 1i, j and Additional file 1: Fig. S3a)."
JOSD2 affects PI3K
| 3
JOSD2 activates PI3K. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"Western blotting results showed that JOSD2 knockdown in ESCC cells inhibited the phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2 and AKT (Figure 7A), while JOSD2 overexpression in ESCC cells led to the activation of MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways (Figure 7B)."

reach
"Mechanistically, JOSD2 appears to activate the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways."

reach
"Mechanistically, JOSD2 activates the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways."
JOSD2 affects MAPK
| 3
JOSD2 activates MAPK. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"Mechanistically, JOSD2 activates the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways."

reach
"Western blotting results showed that JOSD2 knockdown in ESCC cells inhibited the phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2 and AKT (Figure 7A), while JOSD2 overexpression in ESCC cells led to the activation of MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways (Figure 7B)."

reach
"Mechanistically, JOSD2 appears to activate the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways."
JOSD2 affects GST
| 3
| 3

sparser
"Subsequently, we examined the biological activity of GST-JOSD2/JOSD1 by introducing their co-reported substrate proteins YAP xref , xref , as shown in Supplementary Fig.  xref , both GST-JOSD2 and GST-JOSD1 efficiently removing the polyubiquitin chains of YAP, confirming that our purified recombinant protein are biologically active."

sparser
"As shown in Supplementary Fig.  xref , GST-JOSD2 efficiently removes K48-linked ubiquitin chains but failed to cleave the K6-, K33-, K63- and K48R-linked ubiquitin chains of KRAS."

sparser
"Given that JOSD2 has been shown to reverse the polyubiquitin chains of KRAS mediated by LZTR1, which is reported to promote K48, K63, and K33-linked ubiquitin chains as part of its function as a “RAS killer protein” and JOSD2 also can deubiquitinate K6-linked ubiquitination of LKB1 and affecting its kinase activity xref , xref , so we next tested the effects of GST-JOSD2 on K6-, K33-, K48-, K63- and K48R-linked ubiquitin chains of KRAS."
JOSD2 affects Colitis
| 3
| 3

reach
"It was also shown that JOSD2 knockout significantly exacerbated increased azoxymethane (AOM)/DSS-induced CRC, and AAV6-mediated JOSD2 overexpression in macrophages prevented the development of colitis in mice."

reach
"It was further found that deficiency of JOSD2 in myeloid cells exacerbated intestinal inflammation and IBD pathology in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-challenged mice, while overexpression of JOSD2 prevented colitis in mice caused by DSS."

reach
"In summary, these findings indicate that the use of AAV6 to increase the expression of JOSD2 provides protection against colitis produced by DSS in mice.3.9 JOSD2 deficiency exacerbates the development of AOM/DSS-induced CRC in mice."
GST affects JOSD2
| 3
| 3

sparser
"Subsequently, we examined the biological activity of GST-JOSD2/JOSD1 by introducing their co-reported substrate proteins YAP xref , xref , as shown in Supplementary Fig.  xref , both GST-JOSD2 and GST-JOSD1 efficiently removing the polyubiquitin chains of YAP, confirming that our purified recombinant protein are biologically active."

sparser
"As shown in Supplementary Fig.  xref , GST-JOSD2 efficiently removes K48-linked ubiquitin chains but failed to cleave the K6-, K33-, K63- and K48R-linked ubiquitin chains of KRAS."

sparser
"Given that JOSD2 has been shown to reverse the polyubiquitin chains of KRAS mediated by LZTR1, which is reported to promote K48, K63, and K33-linked ubiquitin chains as part of its function as a “RAS killer protein” and JOSD2 also can deubiquitinate K6-linked ubiquitination of LKB1 and affecting its kinase activity xref , xref , so we next tested the effects of GST-JOSD2 on K6-, K33-, K48-, K63- and K48R-linked ubiquitin chains of KRAS."
JOSD2 affects runx1
| 2
JOSD2 inhibits runx1.
| 1
JOSD2 inhibits runx1. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"Finally, JOSD2 decreases AML progression in vivo."
JOSD2 activates runx1.
| 1
JOSD2 activates runx1. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"Taken together, we propose that JOSD2 blocks PKM2 nuclear localization and reduces AML progression."

reach
"We found that ATXN3 inhibited apoptosis, while JOSD1 and JOSD2 promoted apoptosis, JOSD2 inhibited DNA damage response, JOSD1 and JOSD2 promoted EMT, and JOSD2 suppressed RTK and androgen pathways.Moreover, we used the cBioPortal database to explore the co-expression (Table 3) and mutual exclusion (Table 4) between individual members of the MJDs family."

reach
"We found that ATXN3 inhibited apoptosis, while JOSD1 and JOSD2 promoted apoptosis, JOSD2 inhibited DNA damage response, JOSD1 and JOSD2 promoted EMT, and JOSD2 suppressed RTK and androgen pathways.Moreover, we used the cBioPortal database to explore the co-expression (Table 3) and mutual exclusion (Table 4) between individual members of the MJDs family."
JOSD2 affects aldolase
| 2
JOSD2 deubiquitinates aldolase.
| 1
JOSD2 deubiquitinates aldolase. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"Recently, Norberg's group25 26 reported that JOSD2 deubiquitinates and stabilizes 3 important components (aldolase A, phosphofructokinase-1 and phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase) of glucose metabolic enzyme complex, leading to enhanced glycolytic rate and lung adenocarcinomas progression."
JOSD2 activates aldolase.
| 1
| 1

reach
"They found that both in vitro and in vivo, JOSD2 directly regulated the metabolic enzyme complex comprising aldolase A, phosphofructokinase 1, and PHGDH."
JOSD2 affects STUB1
1 | 1
1 | 1

reach
"Moreover, CHIP positively regulated the K48-linked polyubiquitination levels of JOSD2 (Fig. 4m, n and Supplementary Fig. 4l–n), indicating CHIP binds to JOSD2 and regulates the latter’s ubiquitination levels.To further demonstrate that CHIP functions as an E3 ligase regulating JOSD2, we next examined the effect of CHIP on JOSD2 protein levels."
JOSD2 affects SMAD7
| 1 1
JOSD2 ubiquitinates SMAD7.
| 1
JOSD2 ubiquitinates SMAD7. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"JOSD2 inhibits angiotensin II-induced vascular remodeling by deubiquitinating and stabilizing SMAD7."
JOSD2 binds SMAD7.
| 1
| 1

sparser
"Taken together, our finding reveals that the JOSD2-SMAD7 axis is critical for relieving Ang II-induced vascular remodeling and JOSD2 may be a novel and potential therapeutic target for hypertensive vascular remodeling."
JOSD2 affects SMAD4
| 2
JOSD2 deubiquitinates SMAD4.
| 1
JOSD2 deubiquitinates SMAD4. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"JOSD2 promotes breast cancer metastasis by deubiquitinating and stabilizing SMAD4."
JOSD2 binds SMAD4.
| 1
| 1

reach
"Further studies revealed that JOSD2 interacted with and stabilized SMAD family member 4 (SMAD4) by removing polyubiquitin chains."
JOSD2 affects SIRT7
| 1 1
JOSD2 deubiquitinates SIRT7.
| 1
JOSD2 deubiquitinates SIRT7. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"JOSD2 alleviates acute kidney injury through deubiquitinating SIRT7 and negativity regulating SIRT7-NF-κB inflammatory pathway in renal tubular epithelial cells."
JOSD2 binds SIRT7.
| 1
| 1

sparser
"Our study reveals the role of the JOSD2-SIRT7 axis in regulating AKI-induced renal inflammation and highlights the potential of JOSD2 as a promising therapeutic target for AKI."

reach
"Inhibition of JOSD2 by RNA interference effectively inhibited the metastasis of breast cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo."

reach
"In conclusion, our study not only reveals the role of JOSD2 in promoting breast cancer metastasis for the first time, but also indicates promising directions for the future development of deubiquitinase inhibitors, which could yield significant therapeutic benefits."

reach
"Transwell migration and invasion assays also demonstrated that JOSD2 knockdown significantly inhibited the migratory (P < 0.01) and invasion (P < 0.0001) ability of KYSE150 cells (Figure 5B)."

reach
"The results showed that JOSD2 overexpression significantly promoted the proliferation (P < 0.0001), drug resistance (P < 0.0001), migration (P < 0.01), and invasion (P < 0.001) capability of KYSE30 cells (Figure 5C-E)."
JOSD2 affects NLRP3
| 1 1
JOSD2 deubiquitinates NLRP3.
| 1
JOSD2 leads to the deubiquitination of NLRP3. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"Moreover, a recent report described that R779C, a gain of function mutation of NLRP3, promotes NLRP3 de-ubiquitylation by BRCC3 and JOSD2 to promote NLRP3 activation, which increases the risk of developing Very-early-onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEOIBD), a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract can happen in early childhood (Zhou et al., 2021)."
JOSD2 binds NLRP3.
| 1
NLRP3 binds JOSD2. 1 / 1
| 1

isi
"This was mediated by enhanced deubiquitination of NLRP3 via binding with deubiquitinases BRCC3 and JOSD2, which are highly expressed in myeloid cells."
JOSD2 affects KIFC1
| 2
JOSD2 increases the amount of KIFC1. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"Together, these findings highlight OTUD6B as a DUB that maintains KIFC1 levels to ensure supernumerary centrosomes remain clustered, allowing cancer cells to avoid mitotic catastrophe and complete cell division.Amongst the 94 DUBs screened, we found that depletion of only OTUD6B or JOSD2 could both reduce cellular KIFC1 levels and increase multipolar spindles in TNBC cells (Figs."

reach
"As initial validation, transfection with these siRNA pools was repeated once more, confirming that depletion of USP3, OTUD6B, JOSD2, or UCHL1 decreased KIFC1 protein levels (Fig. 1E)."
JOSD2 affects JOSD2
| 2
JOSD2 increases the amount of JOSD2.
| 1
JOSD2 increases the amount of JOSD2. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"To verify the specificity of JOSD2 shRNAs, we investigated their effects on other family members and found that JOSD2 shRNAs only significantly downregulate JOSD2 levels but pose little effects on JOSD1, Ataxin-3 and Ataxin-3L (Supplementary Fig. S2a)."
JOSD2 decreases the amount of JOSD2.
| 1
JOSD2 decreases the amount of JOSD2. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"As shown in Fig. 4f and Supplementary Fig. 4g, KRAS mutants, but not KRAS wild-type, significantly decreased the polyubiquitination levels of JOSD2, similar results were also observed on JOSD2 enzymatic mutant C24A (Supplementary Fig. 4h)."
JOSD2 affects HYCC1
| 2
JOSD2 deubiquitinates HYCC1.
| 1
JOSD2 deubiquitinates HYCC1. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"Josephin-2, a new DUB, deubiquitinates PHGDH in HCC to promote its stem cell phenotype [130]."
JOSD2 activates HYCC1.
| 1
JOSD2 activates HYCC1. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"Furthermore, a series of rescue experiments confirmed the significance of CTNNB1 in the modulation of HCC progression by JOSD2."
JOSD2 affects ESCC
| 2
JOSD2 binds ESCC.
| 1
JOSD2 binds ESCC. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"There is a lack of relevant research on the association between JOSD2 and ESCC."
JOSD2 activates ESCC.
| 1
JOSD2 activates ESCC. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"To explore the molecular mechanisms by which JOSD2 promotes ESCC, the effects of JOSD2 on the phosphorylation pathways MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT, which play important roles in carcinogenesis, were assessed."
| 2

reach
"Reconstitute of JOSD2 in AML cells significantly inhibit cell viability and induce cell apoptosis."

reach
"Next, we overexpressed JOSD2 and JOSD1 in AML cell lines, respectively, and the results showed that JOSD2 overexpression significantly inhibited cell viability compared with JOSD1 (Fig. 1c)."
JOSD2 affects CRC
| 2
JOSD2 inhibits CRC.
| 1
JOSD2 inhibits CRC. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"This provides a strong indication that the observed anti-tumor effects of HY041004 in vivo are indeed mainly through JOSD2 inhibition.Taken together, these data collectively demonstrated depletion of JOSD2 or pharmacological inhibiting JOSD2 significantly suppressed the growth of CRC in vitro and in vivo, especially KRAS-mutant CRC."
JOSD2 activates CRC.
| 1
JOSD2 activates CRC. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"This provides a strong indication that the observed anti-tumor effects of HY041004 in vivo are indeed mainly through JOSD2 inhibition.Taken together, these data collectively demonstrated depletion of JOSD2 or pharmacological inhibiting JOSD2 significantly suppressed the growth of CRC in vitro and in vivo, especially KRAS-mutant CRC."
JOSD2 affects CRC growth
| 2
JOSD2 activates CRC growth. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"JOSD2 catalytic inhibitor HY041004 preferentially impedes KRAS-mutant CRC growth in vitro/in vivo."

reach
"Depletion of JOSD2 remarkably inhibits KRAS-mutant CRC growth in vitro/in vivo."
JOSD2 affects AMPK
| 2
JOSD2 phosphorylates AMPK.
| 1
JOSD2 phosphorylates AMPK. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"Only JOSD2-WT, but not its catalytic-inactive mutants resulted in decreased phosphorylation of AMPKα in vitro (Fig. 2i and Supplementary Fig. S3h)."
JOSD2 inhibits AMPK.
| 1
JOSD2 inhibits AMPK. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"JOSD2 negatively regulates LKB1/AMPK signaling."
HY041004 affects JOSD2
| 2
HY041004 binds JOSD2.
| 1
HY041004 binds JOSD2. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"Compared with the DMSO control, HY041004 stabilized JOSD2 at denaturation temperatures ranging from 37.0 °C to 53.4 °C, which demonstrated the interaction of HY041004 and JOSD2 (Fig. 7f)."
HY041004 activates JOSD2.
| 1
HY041004 activates JOSD2. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"In addition, HY041004 and HY04071 were able to restore the LKB1 complex integrity (Fig. 7d) and kinase activity (Fig. 7e) in JOSD2 overexpressed cells."
| 1 1
| 1

sparser
"As shown in Fig.  xref and Supplementary Fig.  xref , although all tested E3 ligases interact with JOSD2, the binding affinity with CHIP was significantly stronger than that with the others."
E3_Ub_ligase activates JOSD2.
| 1
| 1

reach
"To verify whether these E3 ligases directly regulate JOSD2, we assessed their interactions in SW480 cells, reflective of our AP-MS conditions."
Pyruvate kinase affects JOSD2
| 1
Pyruvate kinase binds JOSD2. 1 / 1
| 1

sparser
"The results showed that pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) interacts with JOSD2 (Fig.  xref e, f)."
Isopropyl β-d-thiogalactoside affects JOSD2
| 1
Isopropyl β-d-thiogalactoside increases the amount of JOSD2. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"After inoculation, the bacterial cells were grown at 37 °C to an optical density at 600 nm of 0.4–0.6 OD value, and expression of the GST-fusion JOSD2 was induced by 300 μmol/L isopropyl β-d-thiogalactoside (Selleck Chem, Houston, TX, USA) for 18 h at 25 °C."
Adeno-associated virus 6 affects JOSD2
| 1
Adeno-associated virus 6 increases the amount of JOSD2. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"In order to investigate the therapeutic potential of JOSD2 in colitis, the adeno-associated virus 6 with macrophage-specific CD68 promoter and JOSD2 plasmid (AAV6-JOSD2) was injected in the mice subjected to DSS-induced colitis to achieve the macrophage-specific overexpression of JOSD2 in mice."
STK11 affects K6
| 1
JOSD2 binds STK11 and K6. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"In addition, to better consolidate our conclusion that JOSD2 regulated LKB1 activity by removing K6-ub but not K63-ub, we also investigated the effects of JOSD2 on K63-ub of LKB1, as shown in supplementary Fig. S4f, g, neither overexpression nor depletion of JOSD2 posed effects on LKB1 K63-ub, suggested that as a DUB for LKB1, JOSD2 preferentially cleaved K6 linkage but not K63 linkage.Hence, these results indicated that JOSD2 was a bona fide DUB for LKB1, as JOSD2 bound to LKB1 and removed the K6-linked polyubiquitination on LKB1."
SMAD7 affects JOSD2
| 1
| 1

sparser
"Taken together, our finding reveals that the JOSD2-SMAD7 axis is critical for relieving Ang II-induced vascular remodeling and JOSD2 may be a novel and potential therapeutic target for hypertensive vascular remodeling."
SMAD4 affects JOSD2
| 1
| 1

reach
"Further studies revealed that JOSD2 interacted with and stabilized SMAD family member 4 (SMAD4) by removing polyubiquitin chains."
SIRT7 affects JOSD2
| 1
| 1

sparser
"Our study reveals the role of the JOSD2-SIRT7 axis in regulating AKI-induced renal inflammation and highlights the potential of JOSD2 as a promising therapeutic target for AKI."
PR619 affects JOSD2
| 1
PR619 inhibits JOSD2. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"As shown in Supporting Information Fig. S4A, PR619 greatly abolished the deubiquitinating efficiency of JOSD2 on YAP, as indicated by the reversal of loss of poly-ubiquitin chains on YAP in PR619 treated cells.Collectively, these results demonstrate that JOSD2 stabilizes YAP/TAZ through the cleavage of poly-ubiquitin chains from YAP/TAZ, which confirm its regulation on YAP/TAZ as a DUB.3.5 JOSD2 is essential for the growth of CCA xenograft and positively correlated with YAP in CCA patients."
NLRP3 affects JOSD2
| 1
NLRP3 binds JOSD2. 1 / 1
| 1

isi
"This was mediated by enhanced deubiquitination of NLRP3 via binding with deubiquitinases BRCC3 and JOSD2, which are highly expressed in myeloid cells."
Mice affects JOSD2
| 1
Mice activates JOSD2. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"The immunoblot analysis further confirmed that the levels of phosphorylated-p65 and phosphorylated-IκBα were markedly decreased in colon tissues in AAV6-mediated JOSD2 overexpression mice (Fig. 8H)."
KIFC1 affects JOSD2
| 1
KIFC1 decreases the amount of JOSD2. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"Interestingly, KIFC1 depletion induces OTUD6B but not JOSD2 expression, suggestive of a potential feedback mechanism where cells with low KIFC1 may upregulate OTUD6B to attempt to restore KIFC1 levels by protein stabilisation (Fig. 2C)."
K63 affects JOSD2
| 1
JOSD2 binds IMPDH2 and K63. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"Mechanistically, JOSD2 binds to the C-terminal of inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2 (IMPDH2) and preferentially cleaves K63-linked polyubiquitin chains at the K134 site, suppressing IMPDH2 activity and preventing activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) and inflammation in macrophages."
K6 affects STK11
| 1
JOSD2 binds STK11 and K6. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"In addition, to better consolidate our conclusion that JOSD2 regulated LKB1 activity by removing K6-ub but not K63-ub, we also investigated the effects of JOSD2 on K63-ub of LKB1, as shown in supplementary Fig. S4f, g, neither overexpression nor depletion of JOSD2 posed effects on LKB1 K63-ub, suggested that as a DUB for LKB1, JOSD2 preferentially cleaved K6 linkage but not K63 linkage.Hence, these results indicated that JOSD2 was a bona fide DUB for LKB1, as JOSD2 bound to LKB1 and removed the K6-linked polyubiquitination on LKB1."
K11 affects JOSD2
| 1
| 1

sparser
"The ubiquitin linkage types most readily cleaved by Josephin-2K11, K48, and K63—are all abundant in cells ( xref , xref )."
JOSD2-LKB1 affects JOSD2
| 1
JOSD2-LKB1 inhibits JOSD2. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"The therapeutic potential of this newly identified JOSD2-LKB1 regulatory axis was then verified by both RNA interference and small-molecule inhibitors that abolish DUB activity of JOSD2 and exert potent anticancer activities.JOSD2 belongs to the MJD subfamily of DUB that also includes Ataxin-3, Atanxin-3L and JOSD1."
JOSD2-3KR affects JOSD2
| 1
JOSD2-3KR decreases the amount of JOSD2. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"Moreover, overexpression of CHIP did not alter JOSD2-3KR levels (Fig. 4p), indicating that CHIP negatively regulated JOSD2 levels through the ubiquitin sites of K48, K142, and K181 on JOSD2."

reach
"In addition, we further examined the effects of JOSD2 knockdown on cell cycle and found depletion of JOSD2 significantly induced cell cycle arrest (Supplementary Fig. S8e), moreover, the levels of p-ERK and p-Akt, two classical pathways associated with cell proliferation, were also significantly inhibited (Supplementary Fig. S3c)."
JOSD2 affects pyruvate kinase
| 1
Pyruvate kinase binds JOSD2. 1 / 1
| 1

sparser
"The results showed that pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) interacts with JOSD2 (Fig.  xref e, f)."

reach
"Furthermore, compared to the wide-type IMPDH2, the ubiquitination level of IMPDH2-K134R mutant was significantly reduced and JOSD2 failed to further deubiquitinate IMPDH2-K134R mutant, indicating that K134 in IMPDH2 is essential for ubiquitination and JOSD2-mediated deubiquitination (Fig. S9B).3.7 JOSD2 inhibits the activity of IMPDH2 to suppress downstream NF-kappaB activation."
JOSD2 affects polyubiquitin chains
| 1
JOSD2 inhibits polyubiquitin chains. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"Given that JOSD2 has been shown to reverse the polyubiquitin chains of KRAS mediated by LZTR1, which is reported to promote K48, K63, and K33-linked ubiquitin chains as part of its function as a “RAS killer protein” and JOSD2 also can deubiquitinate K6-linked ubiquitination of LKB1 and affecting its kinase activity , so we next tested the effects of GST-JOSD2 on K6-, K33-, K48-, K63- and K48R-linked ubiquitin chains of KRAS."

reach
"They found that both in vitro and in vivo, JOSD2 directly regulated the metabolic enzyme complex comprising aldolase A, phosphofructokinase 1, and PHGDH."
JOSD2 affects nuclear localization PKM2
| 1
JOSD2 inhibits nuclear localization PKM2. 1 / 1
| 1

eidos
"We then found out that JOSD2 inhibits nuclear localization of PKM2 by reducing its K433 acetylation modification , accompanied by decreased downstream gene expression through non-glycolytic functions ."
JOSD2 affects glucose
| 1
JOSD2 deubiquitinates glucose. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"Recently, Norberg's group25 26 reported that JOSD2 deubiquitinates and stabilizes 3 important components (aldolase A, phosphofructokinase-1 and phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase) of glucose metabolic enzyme complex, leading to enhanced glycolytic rate and lung adenocarcinomas progression."

reach
"Moreover, the deubiquitinating enzyme JOSD2 has been found to target glycolytic enzymes, including ALDOA and PFK-1, to upregulate glucose metabolism in NSCLC cells [68] ."
JOSD2 affects cell death
| 1
| 1

reach
"Furthermore, in contrast to the control siRNA treated cells, siRNA depletion of JOSD2 caused selective cell death in high-PHGDH-expressing cells, but not in low expressing cell lines."
JOSD2 affects calcium(2+)
| 1
| 1

reach
"By regulating SERCA2a, JOSD2 deficiency impairs calcium handling and promotes hypertrophy in primary cardiomyocytes."
| 1

reach
"We found that ATXN3 inhibited apoptosis, while JOSD1 and JOSD2 promoted apoptosis, JOSD2 inhibited DNA damage response, JOSD1 and JOSD2 promoted EMT, and JOSD2 suppressed RTK and androgen pathways.Moreover, we used the cBioPortal database to explore the co-expression (Table 3) and mutual exclusion (Table 4) between individual members of the MJDs family."
JOSD2 affects androgen
| 1
| 1

reach
"We found that ATXN3 inhibited apoptosis, while JOSD1 and JOSD2 promoted apoptosis, JOSD2 inhibited DNA damage response, JOSD1 and JOSD2 promoted EMT, and JOSD2 suppressed RTK and androgen pathways.Moreover, we used the cBioPortal database to explore the co-expression (Table 3) and mutual exclusion (Table 4) between individual members of the MJDs family."
JOSD2 affects ZBP1
| 1
JOSD2 inhibits ZBP1. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"In the DSS-induced colitis model, JOSD2 overexpression significantly reduced body weight loss and the DAI score (Fig. 8A and B)."
JOSD2 affects YAP TAZ proteasomal
| 1
JOSD2 activates YAP TAZ proteasomal. 1 / 1
| 1

eidos
"The depletion of JOSD2 promoted YAP / TAZ proteasomal degradation and significantly impeded CCA proliferation in vitro and in vivo ."
JOSD2 affects Wnt pathway transduction
| 1
JOSD2 inhibits Wnt pathway transduction. 1 / 1
| 1

eidos
"Importantly , a mechanistic study revealed that JOSD2 binds to and decreases the ubiquitination level of catenin beta 1 ( CTNNB1 ) , a key component of Wnt signaling , thereby augmenting Wnt pathway transduction ."
JOSD2 affects TAZ16
| 1
JOSD2 deubiquitinates TAZ16. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"JOSD2 has been shown to promote cholangiocarcinoma progression by deubiquitinating and stabilizing YAP/TAZ16."
JOSD2 affects SERCA2a
| 1
JOSD2 activates SERCA2a. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"By regulating SERCA2a, JOSD2 deficiency impairs calcium handling and promotes hypertrophy in primary cardiomyocytes."
JOSD2 affects RTK
| 1
JOSD2 inhibits RTK. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"We found that ATXN3 inhibited apoptosis, while JOSD1 and JOSD2 promoted apoptosis, JOSD2 inhibited DNA damage response, JOSD1 and JOSD2 promoted EMT, and JOSD2 suppressed RTK and androgen pathways.Moreover, we used the cBioPortal database to explore the co-expression (Table 3) and mutual exclusion (Table 4) between individual members of the MJDs family."
JOSD2 affects PRMT5
| 1
JOSD2 deubiquitinates PRMT5. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"PRMT5’s role in various malignancies implies that it is likely a key substrate protein for JOSD2's oncogenic function, and JOSD2's deubiquitination of PRMT5 may have significant implications for the treatment of ESCC."
JOSD2 affects PKM2 nuclear localization
| 1
JOSD2 inhibits PKM2 nuclear localization. 1 / 1
| 1

eidos
"Taken together , we propose that JOSD2 blocks PKM2 nuclear localization and reduces AML progression ."
JOSD2 affects PFKM
| 1
JOSD2 deubiquitinates PFKM. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"A recent study found that JOSD2 promoted glucose metabolism by deubiquitinating and stabilizing the metabolic enzyme complex, namely phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH), phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1), and Aldolase A ."
JOSD2 affects PFK1
| 1
JOSD2 deubiquitinates PFK1. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"A recent study found that JOSD2 promoted glucose metabolism by deubiquitinating and stabilizing the metabolic enzyme complex, namely phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH), phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1), and Aldolase A ."
JOSD2 affects NSCLC growth
| 1
JOSD2 activates NSCLC growth. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"We next sought to investigate the mechanism by which JOSD2 promotes NSCLC growth."
JOSD2 affects NOD
| 1
JOSD2 leads to the deubiquitination of NOD. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"While Zhou et al.27 found that JOSD2 mediates the deubiquitination of NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome R779C variant, which exacerbates very-early-onset inflammatory bowel disease."
JOSD2 affects NLRP3-R779C
| 1
JOSD2 leads to the ubiquitination of NLRP3-R779C. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"Conversely, the downregulation of either BRCC3 or JOSD2 significantly inhibited the deubiquitination of NLRP3-R779C, suppressing IL-1β and IL-18 maturation and pyroptosis, thereby ameliorating acute colitis [76]."
JOSD2 affects MYC
| 1
JOSD2 decreases the amount of MYC. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"JOSD2 overexpression reduces cyclinD1 and c-myc expression at the transcriptional and protein levels (Fig. 1l and Additional file 1: Fig. S3b)."
JOSD2 affects MCL1
| 1
JOSD2 decreases the amount of MCL1. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"JOSD2 overexpression significantly inhibited the expression of Bcl2 and Mcl-1, but induces cleavage of caspase-3 (except HL60 cells) and increased the proportion of apoptotic cells in AML cells (Fig. 1d and Additional file 1: Fig. S2a)."
JOSD2 affects LZTR1
| 1
JOSD2 inhibits LZTR1. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"Multiple studies reported that LZTR1 is a vital E3 ligase regulating KRAS , so we next examined whether JOSD2 reversed the effect of LZTR1 on KRAS."
JOSD2 affects KITLG
| 1
JOSD2 activates KITLG. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"In addition, we transfected β-TRCP and cullin 1, two subunits of E3 ligase SCF into RBE cells, and found that YAP/TAZ protein levels were down-regulated as expected; in the contrast, the exogenous introduction of JOSD2 abrogated SCF -mediated degradation of YAP/TAZ in a deubiquitinase activity-dependent manner (Fig. 2I)."
JOSD2 affects K63
| 1
JOSD2 binds IMPDH2 and K63. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"Mechanistically, JOSD2 binds to the C-terminal of inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2 (IMPDH2) and preferentially cleaves K63-linked polyubiquitin chains at the K134 site, suppressing IMPDH2 activity and preventing activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) and inflammation in macrophages."
JOSD2 affects K6, and STK11
| 1
JOSD2 binds STK11 and K6. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"In addition, to better consolidate our conclusion that JOSD2 regulated LKB1 activity by removing K6-ub but not K63-ub, we also investigated the effects of JOSD2 on K63-ub of LKB1, as shown in supplementary Fig. S4f, g, neither overexpression nor depletion of JOSD2 posed effects on LKB1 K63-ub, suggested that as a DUB for LKB1, JOSD2 preferentially cleaved K6 linkage but not K63 linkage.Hence, these results indicated that JOSD2 was a bona fide DUB for LKB1, as JOSD2 bound to LKB1 and removed the K6-linked polyubiquitination on LKB1."
JOSD2 affects K11
| 1
| 1

sparser
"The ubiquitin linkage types most readily cleaved by Josephin-2K11, K48, and K63—are all abundant in cells ( xref , xref )."
JOSD2 affects IMPDH2-K134R
| 1
JOSD2 binds IMPDH2-K134R. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"As shown in the Supporting Information Fig. S9A, the interaction between JOSD2 and IMPDH2-K134R was decreased in macrophages."
JOSD2 affects HY041004
| 1
HY041004 binds JOSD2. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"Compared with the DMSO control, HY041004 stabilized JOSD2 at denaturation temperatures ranging from 37.0 °C to 53.4 °C, which demonstrated the interaction of HY041004 and JOSD2 (Fig. 7f)."
| 1

sparser
"As shown in Fig.  xref and Supplementary Fig.  xref , although all tested E3 ligases interact with JOSD2, the binding affinity with CHIP was significantly stronger than that with the others."
JOSD2 affects DEPDC1B
| 1
| 1

sparser
"Further investigation revealed that this mutation resulted in markedly decreased ubiquitination of NLRP3 and increased interaction with BRCC3 and JOSD2, two deubiquitinases that are highly expressed in the colon."
JOSD2 affects DDR
| 1
JOSD2 activates DDR. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"Compared with control group, overexpression of JOSD2 significantly promoted the DDR in NSCLC cells."

reach
"JOSD2 has been shown to promote non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell proliferation by stabilizing metabolic enzymes aldolase A and phosphofructokinase-1, suggesting that JOSD2 is a positive regulator of glucose metabolism [4]."

reach
"Deubiquitinating enzyme JOSD2 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression through interacting with and inhibiting CTNNB1 degradation."
JOSD2 affects CCND1
| 1
JOSD2 decreases the amount of CCND1. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"JOSD2 overexpression reduces cyclinD1 and c-myc expression at the transcriptional and protein levels (Fig. 1l and Additional file 1: Fig. S3b)."
JOSD2 affects CASP3
| 1
JOSD2 activates CASP3. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"JOSD2 overexpression significantly inhibited the expression of Bcl2 and Mcl-1, but induces cleavage of caspase-3 (except HL60 cells) and increased the proportion of apoptotic cells in AML cells (Fig. 1d and Additional file 1: Fig. S2a)."
JOSD2 affects Body Weight
| 1
| 1

reach
"In the DSS-induced colitis model, JOSD2 overexpression significantly reduced body weight loss and the DAI score (Fig. 8A and B)."
JOSD2 affects BRCC3
| 1
BRCC3 binds JOSD2. 1 / 1
| 1

isi
"This was mediated by enhanced deubiquitination of NLRP3 via binding with deubiquitinases BRCC3 and JOSD2, which are highly expressed in myeloid cells."
JOSD2 affects BCL2
| 1
JOSD2 decreases the amount of BCL2. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"JOSD2 overexpression significantly inhibited the expression of Bcl2 and Mcl-1, but induces cleavage of caspase-3 (except HL60 cells) and increased the proportion of apoptotic cells in AML cells (Fig. 1d and Additional file 1: Fig. S2a)."
JOSD2 affects Aldolase
| 1
JOSD2 deubiquitinates Aldolase. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"A recent study found that JOSD2 promoted glucose metabolism by deubiquitinating and stabilizing the metabolic enzyme complex, namely phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH), phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1), and Aldolase A ."
JOSD2 affects ALDOA
| 1
JOSD2 deubiquitinates ALDOA. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"Krassikova et al. (2021) found that Josephin domain containing 2 (JOSD2) facilitated the proliferation of A549 cells by deubiquitinating the metabolic enzyme complex of ALDOA, phosphofructokinases PFK-1 and PFKL, and phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH)."
JOSD2 affects AKT
| 1
JOSD2 increases the amount of AKT. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"Western blotting results showed that JOSD2 knockdown in ESCC cells inhibited the phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2 and AKT (Figure 7A), while JOSD2 overexpression in ESCC cells led to the activation of MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways (Figure 7B)."
IMPDH2-K134R affects JOSD2
| 1
JOSD2 binds IMPDH2-K134R. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"As shown in the Supporting Information Fig. S9A, the interaction between JOSD2 and IMPDH2-K134R was decreased in macrophages."
IMPDH2 affects K63
| 1
JOSD2 binds IMPDH2 and K63. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"Mechanistically, JOSD2 binds to the C-terminal of inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2 (IMPDH2) and preferentially cleaves K63-linked polyubiquitin chains at the K134 site, suppressing IMPDH2 activity and preventing activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) and inflammation in macrophages."
HY04071 affects JOSD2
| 1
HY04071 activates JOSD2. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"In addition, HY041004 and HY04071 were able to restore the LKB1 complex integrity (Fig. 7d) and kinase activity (Fig. 7e) in JOSD2 overexpressed cells."
ESCC affects JOSD2
| 1
JOSD2 binds ESCC. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"There is a lack of relevant research on the association between JOSD2 and ESCC."
DEPDC1B affects JOSD2
| 1
| 1

sparser
"Further investigation revealed that this mutation resulted in markedly decreased ubiquitination of NLRP3 and increased interaction with BRCC3 and JOSD2, two deubiquitinases that are highly expressed in the colon."
BRCC3 affects JOSD2
| 1
BRCC3 binds JOSD2. 1 / 1
| 1

isi
"This was mediated by enhanced deubiquitination of NLRP3 via binding with deubiquitinases BRCC3 and JOSD2, which are highly expressed in myeloid cells."
AAV6 affects JOSD2
| 1
AAV6 increases the amount of JOSD2. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"In summary, these findings indicate that the use of AAV6 to increase the expression of JOSD2 provides protection against colitis produced by DSS in mice.3.9 JOSD2 deficiency exacerbates the development of AOM/DSS-induced CRC in mice."