 
            IndraLab
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                                  "In a similar experiment, alanine substitutions of NTD residues known to be important for interactions of USP7 substrates such as p53 and MDM2 ( xref , xref ) led to loss of (W 149 A and DWGFS 152 A 5 ) or greatly diminished (R 88 A) interaction of the residue 1 to 220 USP7 fragment with vIRF-2 (data not shown), indicating canonical interaction of the vIRF-2 PSTS motif with the USP7 TRAF-like domain despite the additional requirements for vIRF-2 and its binding region (residues 241 to 260) to interact with USP7."
          
                              
          
                               
                            
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                                  "Moreover, p53 was found to be upregulated in MDM2 −/− p53 −/− double-deficient MEFs after co-transfection of both p53 and ABRO1, indicating that ABRO1-dependent p53 stabilization is made possible by enhanced p53-USP7 interaction without effects on p53-MDM2 interaction and MDM2 stability."
          
                              
          
                               
                            
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                                  "These results suggest that the formation of p53–HAUSP–Bat3 complex may prevent p53 from being recognized and binding to its proteasome receptor S5a, subsequently leading to the accumulation and stabilization of p53 in nucleus ( xref ) though we still do not know whether there is conformational change in Bat3 and p53 at present."
          
                              
          
                               
                            
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                                  "Notably, we revealed that a p53–HAUSP–Bat3 trimeric protein complex could exist in vivo with HAUSP serving as a binding mediator for enhanced interaction between p53 and Bat3, which antagonizes the interaction of p53 with its proteasome receptor S5a and promotes the accumulation of p53 in the nucleus."
          
                              
          
                               
                            
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                                  "As shown in xref , p53 has 393 amino acid residues that can be subdivided into five domains: the N-terminal transactivation domains (TAD) that are responsible for its binding to the p53-binding sites on MDM2 and MDMX, a proline-rich region (PP) that contains five PxxP motifs and is essential for inducing apoptosis, a DNA-binding domain (DBD), a tetramerization domain (TET), and a C-terminal domain (CTD) that is critical for the binding of p53 to the TRAF domain of USP7 ( xref ; xref )."
          
                              
          
                               
                            
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                                  "Although the essential role of USPs in protein degradation is well established, less is known about the function and regulation of specific family members: for example Usp7 has been associated with p53 and Akt turnover, Usp8 with receptor tyrosine endocytosis, Usp33 with the Von Hippel–Lindau disease (VHL) pathway and Usp19 is thought to have a role in muscle development [ xref ]."
          
                              
          
                               
                            
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                                  "In addition to the altered levels of HDM2, p53 and p21 associated with its use, P22077 treatment also caused reduced levels of DNA damage proteins DDB1, RBX1, DCAF7 and DCAF11, all of which are subunits of E3 ligases, indicating a previously unknown functional link between USP7 and enzymes involved in DNA repair [ xref ]."
          
                              
          
                               
                            
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                                  "The results of the interaction between the USP7 and FOXO4 in H1299 human lung carcinoma cells that lack p53 suggested that the interaction is p53 independent. xref  ,  xref However, p53 and FOXOs have noticeable similarities such as the ability to stimulate cell-cycle arrest and cell death and they are both regulated by USP7. xref "
          
                              
          
                               
                            
                        
    
      
      
      
        
      
        
      
        
      
        
      
        
      
        
      
        
      
        
      
        
      
        
      
        
      
        
      
        
      
        
      
        
      
        
      
        
      
        
      
        
      
        
      
        
      
        
      
      
    
      
      
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                                  "In a similar experiment, alanine substitutions of NTD residues known to be important for interactions of USP7 substrates such as p53 and MDM2 ( xref , xref ) led to loss of (W 149 A and DWGFS 152 A 5 ) or greatly diminished (R 88 A) interaction of the residue 1 to 220 USP7 fragment with vIRF-2 (data not shown), indicating canonical interaction of the vIRF-2 PSTS motif with the USP7 TRAF-like domain despite the additional requirements for vIRF-2 and its binding region (residues 241 to 260) to interact with USP7."
          
                              
          
                               
                            
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                                  "Moreover, p53 was found to be upregulated in MDM2 −/− p53 −/− double-deficient MEFs after co-transfection of both p53 and ABRO1, indicating that ABRO1-dependent p53 stabilization is made possible by enhanced p53-USP7 interaction without effects on p53-MDM2 interaction and MDM2 stability."
          
                              
          
                               
                            
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                                  "These results suggest that the formation of p53–HAUSP–Bat3 complex may prevent p53 from being recognized and binding to its proteasome receptor S5a, subsequently leading to the accumulation and stabilization of p53 in nucleus ( xref ) though we still do not know whether there is conformational change in Bat3 and p53 at present."
          
                              
          
                               
                            
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                                  "Notably, we revealed that a p53–HAUSP–Bat3 trimeric protein complex could exist in vivo with HAUSP serving as a binding mediator for enhanced interaction between p53 and Bat3, which antagonizes the interaction of p53 with its proteasome receptor S5a and promotes the accumulation of p53 in the nucleus."
          
                              
          
                               
                            
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                                  "As shown in xref , p53 has 393 amino acid residues that can be subdivided into five domains: the N-terminal transactivation domains (TAD) that are responsible for its binding to the p53-binding sites on MDM2 and MDMX, a proline-rich region (PP) that contains five PxxP motifs and is essential for inducing apoptosis, a DNA-binding domain (DBD), a tetramerization domain (TET), and a C-terminal domain (CTD) that is critical for the binding of p53 to the TRAF domain of USP7 ( xref ; xref )."
          
                              
          
                               
                            
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                                  "Although the essential role of USPs in protein degradation is well established, less is known about the function and regulation of specific family members: for example Usp7 has been associated with p53 and Akt turnover, Usp8 with receptor tyrosine endocytosis, Usp33 with the Von Hippel–Lindau disease (VHL) pathway and Usp19 is thought to have a role in muscle development [ xref ]."
          
                              
          
                               
                            
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                                  "In addition to the altered levels of HDM2, p53 and p21 associated with its use, P22077 treatment also caused reduced levels of DNA damage proteins DDB1, RBX1, DCAF7 and DCAF11, all of which are subunits of E3 ligases, indicating a previously unknown functional link between USP7 and enzymes involved in DNA repair [ xref ]."
          
                              
          
                               
                            
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                                  "The results of the interaction between the USP7 and FOXO4 in H1299 human lung carcinoma cells that lack p53 suggested that the interaction is p53 independent. xref  ,  xref However, p53 and FOXOs have noticeable similarities such as the ability to stimulate cell-cycle arrest and cell death and they are both regulated by USP7. xref "
          
                              
          
                               
                            
                        
    
      
      
      
        
      
        
      
        
      
        
      
        
      
        
      
        
      
        
      
        
      
        
      
        
      
        
      
        
      
        
      
        
      
        
      
        
      
        
      
        
      
        
      
        
      
        
      
      
    
      
      
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                                  "24 The absence of p53 increases cell proliferation in vivo and accelerates atherosclerosis.26 Besides, it is proved that p53 deficiency enhances the LPS-induced ALI in vivo.25 Caveolin-1 is identified a novel transduction factor and involved in the progression of pulmonary emphysema by activating ATM-p53-p21 pathway.28 Moreover, in COPD patients, p53/p21 pathway can be activated by up-regulating USP7 to mediate cell premature senescence."
          
                              
          
                               
                            
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                                  "In HEK293 cells, we observed that TSPYL5 could competitively bind to the N-terminal domain of deubiquitylase USP7 in conjunction with p53 and reduce the protective effects of USP7 on p53, resulting in ubiquitin mediated degradation of p53, and that the co-transfection of TSPY1 and TSPYL5 enhanced this effect."
          
                              
          
                               
                            
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                                  "At the same time ubiquitination
CHIP β-TrCP1
E3 Topors
CARP-1
Synoviolin
CARP-2
ARF-BP1
E4 Cul4A p300
PirH2 COP1
Mdm2
E6 E6AP
E2
UbcH5c
UbcH5b
Deubiquitination
Ub p53
HAUSP
E3
MSL-2
E4F1
WWP1
E2
Ubc13
Ubiquitination
Ub p53
p53 p53
p53
Degradation
Stabilization Modulation of p53 functin
Figure 3.  Ubiquitin-ligases that control p53 function and activity."
          
                              
          
                               
                            
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                                  "In addition to the altered levels of HDM2, p53 and p21 associated with its use, P22077 treatment also caused reduced levels of DNA damage proteins DDB1, RBX1, DCAF7 and DCAF11, all of which are subunits of E3 ligases, indicating a previously unknown functional link between USP7 and enzymes involved in DNA repair [ xref ]."
          
                              
          
                               
                            
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                                  "Although the essential role of USPs in protein degradation is well established, less is known about the function and regulation of specific family members: for example Usp7 has been associated with p53 and Akt turnover, Usp8 with receptor tyrosine endocytosis, Usp33 with the Von Hippel–Lindau disease (VHL) pathway and Usp19 is thought to have a role in muscle development [ xref ]."