IndraLab

Statements


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"Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor molecule that is secreted and binds to the RANK activating site of OPGL, acting as a "dummy" or "decoy" receptor and preventing OPGL from binding to and activating the osteoclast RANK receptor [89] (Fig. 2)."

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"RANKL is a cytokine of the TNF family, which binds to its receptor RANK as initially documented in osteoclast precursors and dendritic cells [ xref ]."

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"After NF-κB stimulation, several TNF-receptor (TNFR-) factors are associated with the cytoplasmic domain-associated RANK."

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"OPG competes with RANK (receptor activator of nuclear factor κB [NF-κB]) for binding of RANK ligand (RANKL, OPG1) that is also a TNF family member."

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"Although these results suggest that TNF-α induces osteoclast differentiation through TNFR1/TNFR2, there were still two possibilities that TNF-α directly binds to RANK or TNF-α increases endogenous production of some factor(s) that can interact with RANK."

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"RANK, XREF_BIBR a new member of the membrane bound TNF receptor family (TNFRSF11A), has been cloned as a receptor for RANKL in immune systems, and it is the signaling receptor for RANKL in osteoclastogenesis as well."
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"Therefore, after binding of RANKL , TNF receptor-related factors can bind to the cytoplasmic part of TNFRSF11A and activate intracellular signaling pathways."

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"It binds RANK ligand [RANK-L/osteoprotegerin ligand (OPGL)/TNF-related activation-induced cytokine (TRANCE)], a TNF superfamily member that acts as a trimer."

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"The RANKTNF receptor‐associated factor complex activates downstream signal pathways, including the nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB) and mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathways, which lead to the induction and activation of transcription factors such as Fos proto‐oncogene (cFos) and nuclear factor of activated T‐cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1; Boyce, xref ), resulting in enhanced expression of osteoclast‐specific genes (Kim et al., xref ; Moreaux et al., xref )."

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"RANKL (receptor activator nuclear factor-κB ligand) is a member of TNFα that binds to RANK (receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB), a membrane receptor."

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"XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR In the downstream cascade, transduction factor TNF receptor associated factors (TRAFs), especially TRAF6, can bind to RANK to activate NF-kappaB and the JNK/AP -1 pathway."

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"Using this approach, we examined the role of six RANK putative tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor binding motifs (PTM) (PTM1, ILLMT-REE (286-293); PTM2, PSQPS (349-353); PTM3, PFQEP (369-373); PTM4, VYVSQTSQE (537-545); PTM5, PVQEET (559-564); and PTM6, PVQEQG (604-609)) in osteoclast formation and function."

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"Such regulation is tightly controlled by transcription factors and also by miRNA.For the third target, we identified that TNF-α activates the inflammatory pathways by binding to TNF receptors, such as TNFRSF11A, also called RANK, in the context of CF."