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"Some findings dictate emodin suppresses the activator protein Activator Protein-1 (AP-1) and NF-kappaB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) signaling [XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR] pathways, respectively, thus inhibiting the expression of matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) [XREF_BIBR] as shown in XREF_FIG and hence limiting the invasiveness in various cancer cells."