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"Our findings indicate that : (i) IL-1beta directly affects the central nervous system and acts independently of infiltrating hematogenous cells; (ii) IL-1beta induces microglial activation but is not neurotoxic per se; (iii) IL-1beta enhances excitotoxic neuronal damage and microglial activation and (iv) IL-1ra, even when applied for only 4 h, reduces neuronal cell death and the number of microglial cells after excitotoxic damage."

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"IL-1β and HMGB1 significantly reduce human hippocampal neurogenesis and blockade of their IL-1R and TLR 2/4 receptors by IL1Ra and Box-A respectively, significantly restores neurogenesis in 2D and 3D culture."

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"IL-1RA production in hepatocytes is stimulated by IL-1beta and interferon, inflammation stimulates myeloid cells production of IL-1RA, and IL-1RA can arise from macrophages induced by IL-6."

eidos
"Nonetheless , as both IL-1alpha and IL-1beta activate IL-1Rs , these studies support the concept that activation of IL-1Rs regulate the expression and activity of hippocampal SERTs ."

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"IL-1beta stimulates the release of IL-1Ra which antagonizes IL-1beta binding to the cell receptors [XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR]."

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"This finding suggests that primary human alpha-cells, same as beta-cells, produce IL-1Ra and that elevated IL-1beta levels associated with islet culture and amyloid formation may promote IL-1Ra production in alpha-cells."

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"In addition, we now show that IL-1R activation by IL-1beta induces the IL-1alpha gene in pancreatic beta-cells (XREF_FIG C-G), suggesting a cytokine ' circuit ' that promotes overall beta-cell health (XREF_FIG G)."

"Il-1 binding to its receptor triggers a cascade of signaling events, including activation of the stress-activated mitogen-activated protein (map) kinases, c-jun nh2-terminal kinase (jnk) and p38 map kinase, as well as transcription factor nuclear factor kappab (nf-kappab)."

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"IL-1beta (the main secreted isoform) is produced by microglia to act primarily on astrocytes, and we have reported previously that IL-1beta induces the production of secondary inflammatory mediators via binding to the IL-1 receptor type 1 (IL-1R1) and downstream activation of the extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK1/2) in these cells."

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"We thus propose that the presence of IL-1alpha or IL-1beta is sufficient to trigger IL-1R pathway, an essential component in the development of innate response to acute M. tuberculosis infection, but may not be sufficient for full control of the infection."

sparser
"When released, IL-1β binds and activates IL1R1, which is expressed on most leukocytes as well as epithelial cells ( xref )."

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"RA at a concentration of 0.01-1 muM resulted in a concentration dependent enhancement of PMA induced IL-1 beta production and a concentration dependent inhibition of PMA induced IL-1ra production and [MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

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"Also, the effective IL-1beta concentration required to induce IL-1Ra in alphaTC-1 cells was higher than that in INS-1 beta-cells."

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"Whereas IL-1beta treatment induced IL-17 producing MOG specific T cells in Il1r -/- mice, IKKi deficiency reduced the impact of IL-1 on MOG specific Th17 cells (XREF_FIG)."

sparser
"The signaling components in the NF-κB pathway downstream of IL-1β-induced activation of IL-1R are well characterized."

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"In patient samples, IL-1beta promotes expansion of AML progenitor cells as well as growth and survival of AML cells, and IL1R1 null mice have improved survival relative to WT in an AML model [XREF_BIBR]."

sparser
"IL-1β activates the IL-1R that triggers a transcriptional program leading to the production of multiple inflammatory mediators, including IL-6 and TNF."

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"IL-1β also activates IL-1R to contribute to hyperalgesia and the establishment of peripheral and central sensitization [28, 46]."

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"AT derived IL-1beta acts in an autocrine or paracrine fashion to contribute to obese AT inflammation and dysfunction, and accordingly, ablation of IL-1beta signaling in IL-1R knockout mice attenuated the HFD induced AT and systemic IR [XREF_BIBR]."

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"IL-1β and TNF-α enhanced the excitability of neurons by activating their specific receptors (IL-1R and TNFR), which are expressed on TG neurons, thus promoting inflammatory pain (Fig. 6)."

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"In cultured pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, IL-1β stimulated proliferation in an IL-1R and MyD88 dependent fashion (34)."

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"IL-1β activates IL-1r on lamina 1 neurons and modulates function of postsynaptic NMDA receptors such that Ca2+ influx is increased when they are activated by glutamate."

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"Human gastric cancer cell lines (MKN7, MKN74, and TMK-1) with and without pretreatment of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) were treated with IL-1beta or infected with H. pylori."

sparser
"The pathway involves activation of IL-1R by IL-1β and further recruitment of MyD88."

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"The positive impact of IL-1β on host resistance to Mtb infections in the mouse model is well supported by several studies using Il1r1 and Il1b knock-out mouse strains [3,4,6,26]."

sparser
"IL-1β activates IL-1r on lamina 1 neurons and modulates function of postsynaptic NMDA receptors such that Ca2+ influx is increased when they are activated by glutamate."

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"Greater complexity is exhibited by the system, because the IL-1R signals exclusively through the adapter MyD88, and thus signaling pathways activated by IL-1beta parallel those activated by the TLRs."

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"In subcultured de-differentiated chondrocytes, A77 1726 exhibited a marked dose dependent effect on IL-1beta induced IL-1Ra production, which was greatest at 100 mumol/l."

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"These include CXCL1/KC and probably CXCL2, 5, and 8, which recruit neutrophils from limbal capillaries to the corneal stroma, and IL-1alpha and IL-1beta, which then feedback to activate the IL-1R1 and MyD88 pathway in macrophages and most likely also in resident corneal epithelial cells and stromal fibroblasts."

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"Given that mononuclear phagocytes can produce both the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, and TNF-alpha as well as the suppressive cytokine IL-1ra, we proposed that IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, and TNF-alpha may induce IL-1ra from mononuclear phagocytes."

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"Likewise, parallel cultures comparing IL-1R1 hi and IL-1R1 lo subpopulations of stage 3 iNK cells revealed that, whereas IL-15 alone maintained survival of both IL-1R1 hi and IL-1R1 lo subpopulations of stage 3 iNK cells in vitro, the addition of IL-1beta enhanced proliferation of the IL-1R1 hi, but not the IL-1R1 lo, subpopulation of stage 3 iNK cells (XREF_FIG)."

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"CFA-induced inflammatory orofacial hyperalgesia produces an increase in IL-1β activation of IL-1R in the ipsilateral Vi/Vc."

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"In contrast to mononuclear phagocytes, IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, and TNF-alpha did not induce further IL-1ra production in alveolar macrophages."

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"In both young and old rats, IL-1beta induced a significant up-regulation of cerebellar IL-1Ra, IL-1RI, and TGF-beta1 mRNAs; hippocampal TGF-beta1 mRNA; hypothalamic IL-1beta, IL-1Ra, TGF-beta1, and gp 130 mRNAs; and midbrain IL-1beta and TGF-beta1 mRNAs."

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"In chondrocytes, IFNbeta alone had no effect, but dose dependently enhanced the secretion of IL1Ra induced by IL1beta."

sparser
"We demonstrate that activation of IL1R1 by IL-1β (or IL-1α) may carry an important activation signal for innate immune responses, with the example of antimicrobial peptide production (Figure xref )."

sparser
"IL-1R is activated by IL-1β."

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"IL-1 alpha or IL-1 beta at a dose of 10 ng/ml induced 3 to 6 ng/ml of IL-1ra, while TNF-alpha at a dose of 100 ng/ml stimulated only 1.4 ng/ml of IL-1ra."

sparser
"Thus, CCL-18 could act as an endogenous inhibitor of GPER, similar to the actions of IL-1ra, which attenuates the activation of IL-1R by IL-1β ( xref )."

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"The results show that chronic icy microinfusion of IL-1 beta induced significant anorexia, increased the cerebellar IL-1RI mRNA content, increased IL-1Ra and IL-1 beta mRNAs levels in the cerebellum> midbrain> cortex> hippocampus, and induced profiles of IL-1RI mRNA, IL-1Ra mRNA, and IL-1 beta mRNA that were highly intercorrelated."

sparser
"Combining these previous studies with the present findings, a host defense pathway has been discovered whereby neutrophils represent a source of IL-1β, which subsequently activates IL-1R expressed on non-bone marrow-derived resident skin cells to promote effective neutrophil recruitment in host defense during a S. aureus skin infection."

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"Because IL-1beta has been reported to trigger the IL-1R1 signaling pathway, which activates signaling proteins, such as mitogen activated kinases (c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38, extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK)) and transcription factors (nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB) 35, we analyzed the effects of NF-kappaB inhibitor (Bay11-7082) and p38 inhibitor (SB203580) treatment."

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"Nor did the kinins affect IL-1beta induced upregulation of IL-1R1."

sparser
"We also show that P. aeruginosa activates NF-κB in macrophages through both the TIR-containing adaptor protein (TIRAP)/MyD88 dependent and the TRIF-dependent pathways, and that IL-1α and IL-1β activation of IL-1R1 is an important feedback pathway in the host response to P. aeruginosa."

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"In our studies we have shown that IL-1beta promotes RIP of IL-1R1 and pharmacological antagonism of gamma-secretase activity attenuates IL-1beta responsiveness [12]."

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"Our previous studies showed that hCG down-regulates the IL1B induced increase in IL1R2 and IL1RN in human ESCs and further enhances the IL1B induced increase in IL1R1, thereby amplifying in vitro the release of angiogenic activity XREF_BIBR."

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"HIF1a and IL1b production, promotes IL-10 and IL1RA production."

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"In the context of senescence, this regulation was a consequence of IL-1R signaling specifically activated by IL-1alpha but not IL-1beta."

sparser
"We found that the inhibition of gamma-secretase significantly reduced COX-2 upregulation in MSCs in response to IL-1R activation by IL-1β."

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"IL-1beta increased lipid droplet and triglyceride content in WT and TLR9 -/- -cultured hepatocytes, but not IL-1R -/- hepatocytes (XREF_FIG)."

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"Liposaccharides (LPS), as well as IL-1alpha and IL-1beta were found to stimulate IL-1alpha and IL-1ra, but not IL-1beta production, in Sertoli cells from immature mice."

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"Stomach-specific expression of IL-1β in mice attracts and activates MDSCs through an IL-1 receptor (IL-1R)/NF-κB pathway, leading to spontaneous gastric inflammation and cancer (Tu et al., 2008)."

sparser
"Immune cell-derived cytokines, such as IL-1β activate the highly expressed IL-1R1 on neighboring insulin-producing β-cells."

sparser
"CFA-induced inflammatory orofacial hyperalgesia produces an increase in IL-1β activation of IL-1R in the ipsilateral Vi/Vc."

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"The results show that young IL-1beta ko and IL-1r1ko mice showed an impairment in spatial memory task learning in the WM, suggesting that brain IL-1beta activates IL-1r1 to facilitate hippocampal spatial learning and memory in young mice."

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"However, both TNF-R and IL-1R antagonists could significantly revert the NKCC1 immunoreactivity in astrocytes treated with TNF-alpha or IL-1beta."

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"While IL-1R1 can be stimulated by either of two cytokines, IL-1alpha or IL-1beta, it has been shown that IL-1beta plays a pivotal role in disease pathogenesis because it not only directly stimulates IL-1R1-dependent inflammatory signaling, but is also needed for the secretion of IL-1alpha from cells."

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"The family contains IL-1alpha and IL-1beta, which both activate the same receptor, IL-1R, [XREF_BIBR] and IL-18 which activates the IL-18R [XREF_BIBR], [XREF_BIBR]."

"Pro-IL-1beta, mIL-1beta and mIL-beta all bind to IL-1RI, which recruits the IL-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAcP) as a co-receptor."

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"Following TLR induced NF-kappaB activation, pro inflammatory IRI signature, i.e., TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6 are essential to promote TNFR and IL-1R de novo activation."

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"We show that as expected, the i.v. infusion of IL-1beta stimulated IL-1ra release."

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"IL-1RA, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, is induced by IL-1beta and blocks the pro inflammatory cytokine action of IL-1beta at IL-1 receptor I. IL-1RA can be easily measured compare with IL-1beta, and systemic levels of IL-1RA are elevated in obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes patients."

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"Haplotype ' T-E1-2 ' was increased in RE which is associated with high production of IL-1beta and low production of IL-1Ra and haplotype ' C-E2-1 ' that is associated with low production of IL-1beta a[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

sparser
"IL-1R is activated by its ligands IL-1α and IL-1β [ xref ; xref ]."

sparser
"Primary sensory neurons particularly nociceptors in DRGs express IL-1 receptors (IL-1R), and activation of IL-1R by IL-1β can activate nociceptors rapidly to generate action potentials and elicit pain hypersensitivity via regulating sodium and potassium currents [ xref , xref ]."

sparser
"IL-1β also activates IL-1R1 on nociceptor neurons to increase TRPV1 expression and, consequently, pain sensitivity to thermal stimuli [ xref ]."

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"43 Interestingly, IL-1beta up-regulates NGF both in vitro and in vivo, XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR and application of IL-1Ra in a TBI rat model suppresses NGF mediated plasticity."

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"IL-1beta markedly stimulated the induction of IL-1R1, which preceded the induction of iNOS."

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"In contrast, neutralizing antibodies against IL-1beta did not suppress inflammatory cytokine secretion, suggesting that IL-1beta secretion levels at senescence are not sufficient to produce a significant level of IL-1R signaling."

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"Indeed, IL1R1 can be activated by both IL-1B and IL-1A."

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"As a central pro inflammatory mediator, IL-1beta leads to the activation of IL-1R1 and MyD88 signalling pathways, which induces the activation of transcription factor NF-kB."

sparser
"In addition, we now show that IL-1R activation by IL-1β induces the IL-1α gene in pancreatic β-cells ( xref C–G), suggesting a cytokine ‘circuit’ that promotes overall β-cell health ( xref G)."

sparser
"Nonetheless, as both IL-1α and IL-1β activate IL-1Rs, these studies support the concept that activation of IL-1Rs regulate the expression and activity of hippocampal SERTs."

sparser
"The aforementioned IL-1β subsequently activates IL-1R, which results in IL-1β auto stimulation and the further upregulation of IL-1-dependent chemokines and cytokines, such as IL-8 and IL-6."

sparser
"A HEK-Blue IL-1β reporter assay that measures NF-κB-mediated secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase release after IL-1R1 activation by IL-1β was used to measure the activity of IL-1 at neutral and acidic pH."

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"Our in vivo study showed that prevention of IL-1beta maturation in Casp-1 -/- and Nalp3 -/- mice or of IL-1beta signaling in Il1r -/- mice reduced circulating sTNFR1 concentrations after CLP."

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"Suppression of Mtb replication was a specific action of IL-1beta, since neither Tim3-Ig nor IL-1beta were able to inhibit bacterial growth in infected Mphi lacking IL-1R (XREF_FIG)."

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"Activation of IL-1R1 by IL-1β may result in PLC generation, leading to the production of DAG."

sparser
"Rather than involvement of different DC subsets, the lower percentage of antigen-specific Tregs in response to S. aureus could be explained by heightened Il-1β-dependent activation of IL-1R1 in response to the virulence factor alpha-toxin."

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"We also show that P. aeruginosa activates NF-kappaB in macrophages through both the TIR containing adaptor protein (TIRAP)/MyD88 dependent and the TRIF dependent pathways, and that IL-1alpha and IL-1beta activation of IL-1R1 is an important feedback pathway in the host response to P. aeruginosa."

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"However, IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta were better inducers of IL-1ra than was TNF-alpha."

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"A human experiment has shown that IL-1beta induces the secretion of IL-1ra, and that induction of IL-1beta precedes secretion of IL-1ra."

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"IL-1Ra production is induced by IL-1beta and, thus, is acting as a counter-regulator of IL-1beta mediated processes [8-10]."

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"As shown in XREF_TABLE, IL-6 and CXCL1 were detectable at very low levels in WT mice treated with saline or in IL-1R1 -/- mice treated with IL-1beta but these molecules were robustly expressed in WT mice treated with IL-1beta."

sparser
"As they signal via the same receptor, release of IL-1α alongside IL-1β during inflammasome activation may supplement IL-1R activation by IL-1β."

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"Meanwhile, IL-1 beta upregulated IL-1R1 through an autocrine mechanism (He et al. 2016)."

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"Activation of IL-1R by IL-1beta in astrocytes, decreases glutamate reuptake and simultaneously stimulates the release of glutamate from astroglial cells via TNFalpha induction, mediated through activation of TNFalphaR [XREF_BIBR]."

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"The greater IL-1beta content in the hypothalamus compared with frontal cortex as early as 1 h after MDMA injection could trigger the release of IL-1ra in an attempt to limit the effects of the released IL-1beta."

sparser
"In mammals, activation of TLRs on macrophages by microbial molecules trigger production of IL-1β that will activate the IL-1R on neighbour cells, yielding induction of effector molecules."

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"IL-1R1 is activated by IL-1β that is released from neurons, glia, brain endothelial cells, and infiltrating monocytes following inflammasome activation (Labzin et al., 2016; Vezzani et al., 2019)."

sparser
"Additionally, recent work has shown that IL1β activation of IL1R1 on astrocytes specifically represses IL-1-induced inflammatory cytokine expression in microglia [ xref ]."

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"Organ cultures of gastric glands from wild-type or IL-1R1 null mice were treated with IL-1beta then Shh expression was measured."

sparser
"The TLRs recognise conserved molecules derived from bacteria, fungi and viruses and contribute towards the innate immune response whilst the IL-1Rs are activated by the pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-18 and IL-33 [ xref ]."

sparser
"IL-1β also activates IL-1R to contribute to hyperalgesia and the establishment of peripheral and central sensitization [ xref , xref ]."

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"Two distinct cytokines, IL-1alpha and IL-1beta, can stimulate the IL-1R."

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"IL-1beta activates the IL-1R that triggers a transcriptional program leading to the production of multiple inflammatory mediators, including IL-6 and TNF."

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"In the CNS, activation of IL-1R1 by IL-1beta activates signaling pathways that modulate intracellular calcium [XREF_BIBR], expression of neurotransmitter receptors [XREF_BIBR], activation of cAMP response element binding (CREB) [XREF_BIBR] and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression [XREF_BIBR]."

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"Activation of IL-1R1 by IL-1beta is also known to activate several signaling pathways that have been implicated in the antineurogenic effects of IL-1beta including JNK, GSK3beta and NF-kappaB."

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"Microbial products and cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) acts as primary stimuli and initiates inflammation through interacting with the toll like receptors (TLR)s, IL-1 receptor (IL-1R), IL-6 receptor (IL-6R), and the TNF receptor (TNFR) reported by Kaminska in 2005 (Kaminska, 2005)."
| PMC

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"However, we found that while an IL-1R antagonist peptide (IL-1RA) completely prevents NF-kappaB activation in hepatocytes treated with IL-1beta, the peptide has no effect on palmitate dependent NF-kappaB activation (XREF_FIG)."

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"IL-1beta induces IL-1Ra production; thus, upregulated IL-1Ra levels are considered to reflect higher IL-1beta activity [XREF_BIBR] and predispose to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes [XREF_BIBR]."

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"In addition, the Fas mediated IL-1beta production was required for Th17 and Th1 induction during bacterial infection : Th17 and Th1 induction was abolished in Fas -/- mice, whereas supplementation with recombinant IL-1beta restored Th17 and Th1 induction via IL-1 receptor 1 (IL-1R1), and rescued the mortality of Fas -/- mice infected with Listeria IL-1R1, but not apoptosis associated speck like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain or Fas on T cells, was required for Th17 and Th1 induction, indicating that IL-1beta stimulates IL-1R1 on T cells for Th17 and Th1 induction."

eidos
"IL1beta enhanced proliferation through IL1R1 / CD121a because IL1 receptor antagonist ( IL1Ra ) completely inhibited it ."

sparser
"Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein (IRAP) inhibits IL-1R activation by IL-1β [ xref , xref ] and IRAP has been effectively used in C6 cells to inhibit sCp gene expression induced by IL-1β [ xref ]."

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"IL-1 beta was shown to induce a rapid and strong synthesis of IL-6 and IL-1ra in the pituitary but failed to regulate GH contents or release."

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"These include CXCL1/KC, which recruits neutrophils from limbal capillaries to the corneal stroma, and IL-1α and IL-1β, which then activate the IL-1R1 /MyD88 pathway in macrophages and resident corneal epithelial cells and keratocytes [40]."

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"Despite IL-1RA mRNA inductions by IL-1beta, LEW/N hypothalamic cells exhibited higher constitutive and inducible mRNA levels of IL-1RII and IL-1RA compared to F344/N cells, suggesting that IL-1RII and[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

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"We demonstrate that activation of IL1R1 by IL-1beta (or IL-1alpha) may carry an important activation signal for innate immune responses, with the example of antimicrobial peptide production."

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"For example, previous study showed that the haplotype of IL1B, IL1RN, IL1R1, and IL1R2 increased the risk of venous thrombosis [XREF_BIBR], and IL1 and IL1Ra, CTLA-4 and Apo1 and Fas genes polymorphisms associate with IgA nephropathy [XREF_BIBR]."

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"Similarly, IL-1R1 gets activated during epilepsy by interleukin-1β (IL-1β), which is released from neurons, glial cells, brain endothelium, and macrophages that have been extravasated in the brain from the blood (16, 17)."

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"S. aureus also activates the inflammasome (which has been shown to be in part mediated by S. aureus derived ATP, alpha-toxin, beta-hemolysin, gamma-hemolysin and PVL) that results in proteolytic processing and cellular release of IL-1beta, which activates the IL-1R to induce production of proinflammatory and antimicrobial immune responses against S. aureus."

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"Although ACS (IRAP II (TM)) increased IL-1Ra and IGF-1 in equine cartilage explants treated with IL-1beta, there was no significant difference in MMP-3 production and proteoglycan loss or synthesis between ACS and serum treated samples suggesting minimal beneficial effects of ACS on cartilage matrix metabolism."

sparser
"IL1R is activated by IL1β, a known sleep regulatory molecule [ xref , xref , xref , xref , xref ]."

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"LPS and both doses of IL-1beta increased IL-1ra (F = 6.500, df 7,29, p < 0.05)."

sparser
"Taken together, these data show that either IL-1α or IL-1β can activate IL-1R1 in P. aeruginosa keratitis and that IL-1R1 has an essential role in regulating the inflammatory response to P. aeruginosa in the cornea."

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"One can argue that since IL-1alpha or IL-1beta stimulates IL-1Ra production, a lower level of IL-1Ra reflects less functional IL-1 due to inhibition of IL-1 signaling."

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"Our previous studies showed that hCG down-regulates the IL1B induced increase of IL1R2 and IL1RN in ESCs and amplifies the IL1B induced increase of IL1R1 XREF_BIBR."

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"This notion is supported by our invitro studies, which showed that IL-1beta can induce IL-1Ra production in both transformed INS-1 beta-cells and alphaTC-1 cells; albeit IL-1Ra immunoreactivity was much lower in alphaTC-1 cells and inducing IL-1Ra production in alphaTC-1 cells required a higher concentration of IL-1beta as compared to INS-1 beta-cells."

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"The pHEMA particles were then used in an in vitro setting with IL1Ra, and it was demonstrated that cells treated with IL1beta and exposed to IL1Ra nanoparticles maintained NF-kappaB expression levels similar to those of unstimulated controls, demonstrating protection [XREF_BIBR]."

sparser
"In Q705K-transduced cells, we have found the release of TNF to be a downstream event of IL-1R activation by IL-1β, whereas the increased gene expression of TNF in these cells was not an IL-1R regulated event [ xref ]."

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"The simulated therapy slows down the loss of beta-cell mass (XREF_FIG, red crosses) because increased IL-1Ra drives IL-1beta into a less pathological regime."

sparser
"IL-1R is activated by IL-1b."

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"As expected, IL-1 beta highly stimulated NO, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-1ra, PGE (2) and stromelysin synthesis, but dramatically decreased PG production."

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"IL-1R is activated by its ligands IL-1alpha and IL-1beta [XREF_BIBR; XREF_BIBR]."

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"IL-1beta activates the IL-1R1 signaling pathway and induces continuous MMP-3 and IL-1beta secretion."

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"Although the IL-1R1 and TNFRII, but not TNFRI, were up-regulated by IL-1beta and TNF-alpha, none of these receptors were regulated, at the mRNA level, by kinin receptor subtypes, neither in the absenc[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

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"The induction of IL-1Ra by IL-1beta is an important counterregulatory mechanism and may at least partially account for the increased IL-1Ra levels found in the carriers of allele II [XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR]."

"Il-1 binding to its receptor triggers a cascade of signaling events, including activation of the stress-activated mitogen-activated protein (map) kinases, c-jun nh2-terminal kinase (jnk) and p38 map kinase, as well as transcription factor nuclear factor kappab (nf-kappab)."

sparser
"IL-1R, which also functions through MyD88, is activated by the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 and contributes to retinal degeneration ( xref ; xref )."

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"7 LPS and IL-1beta stimulate different receptors with similar intracellular signaling machinery (TLR4 and IL1R1, respectively) 40 therefore the simultaneous presence of these two molecules may additively increase the activity of their overlapping pathways."

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"We found that the IL1RA and IL-1beta balance in dM supernatants in both basal and TLR stimulated conditions always favored IL-1RA."

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"Among the various cytokines produced by cells, IL-6 is known to be a multifunctional cytokine that can be produced by IL-1βIL-1R signaling, and is very important for the prevention or treatment of skin aging [23]."

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"Elevation of IL-1beta induces a robust release of other pro inflammatory cytokines including IL-6 and IL-8, as well as its competitive antagonist IL-1RA (interleukin-1 receptor antagonist) a potent anticonvulsant XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR."

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"Together, the similar kinetics of PGE production, PG profiles and the induction of mPGES-1/COX-2 axis suggest that IL-1β /HMGB1 complexes mediate their effects on the prostanoid cascade through the same pathway as IL-1β, via the IL-1RI receptor.Further, we studied whether the induction of the PGE synthesis cascade and the cytokine response by IL-1β /HMGB1 complexes were mediated via IL-1RI using the IL-1Ra."

sparser
"The results show that young IL-1β ko and IL-1r1ko mice showed an impairment in spatial memory task learning in the WM, suggesting that brain IL-1β activates IL-1r1 to facilitate hippocampal spatial learning and memory in young mice (Figures xref , xref )."

eidos
"IL-1beta activates IL-1r on lamina 1 neurons and modulates function of postsynaptic NMDA receptors such that Ca 2 + influx is increased when they are activated by glutamate ."

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"Since IL-1Ra does not activate IL-1 receptor cell signaling cascades and IL-1Ra production can be induced by IL-1beta and/or IL-1alpha, it is plausible that the increased IL-1Ra in the ascites and the associated poor prognosis is due to secreted IL-1beta signaling [XREF_BIBR]."

eidos
"IL-1R1 is activated by IL-1beta that is released from neurons , glia , brain endothelial cells , and infiltrating monocytes following inflammasome activation ( Labzin et al ., 2016 ; Vezzani et al ., 2019 ) ."

sparser
"Activation of IL-1R1 by IL-1β may result in PLC generation, xref leading to the production of DAG."

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"This phenomenon was more prominent in BMMs isolated from matured adult mice, as IL-1β, TNF-α, and IFN-γ together led to an around 20-fold increase in the expression of IL-1R1, while IL-1β alone only upregulated IL-1R1 by fivefold."

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"In response to seizures, the IL-1beta system induces IL-1Ra, which acts by limiting IL-1beta-mediated proinflammatory actions XREF_BIBR."

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"During the response to seizures, the IL-1beta system induces IL-1Ra, which acts by limiting IL-1beta-mediated pro inflammatory actions."

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"IL-1R, which also functions through MyD88, is activated by the pro inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta and IL-18 and contributes to retinal degeneration."

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"Because IL-1beta has been shown to increase IL-1ra secretion, we next investigated if there were any correlations between O 3 -induced changes in IL-1beta and IL-1ra."

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"This observation is consistent with reports that IL-1beta is a potential inducer of IL-1ra, and suggests a feedback mechanism of IL-1 activity."

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"IL1B up-regulated both the signaling IL1R1 and the inhibitory IL1R2, while adding hCG further increased IL1R1 and significantly downregulated IL1R2."

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"In contrast, in a S. aureus osteomyelitis model, both IL-1β and IL-1α contributed to the IL-1R/MyD88-mediated host defense , suggesting that the anatomical location of the S. aureus infection and the presence of the orthopaedic implant likely contributed to the more predominant host defense role of IL-1β rather than IL-1α."

sparser
"According to this alternative assumption, activation of glial IL-1R1 by IL-1β leads to the release of gliotransmitters which may amplify glutamatergic synaptic transmission."

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"A major branch of the innate immune system is regulated by the Toll like receptors (TLRs), which are receptors for endogenous damage associated molecules released from injured cells as well as pathogen derived molecules, and interleukin-1 receptors (IL-1R), which are activated by IL-1alpha, IL-1beta and IL-18 cytokines."

reach
"It has been well demonstrated that IL-1β and TNF-α, by activating their main receptors of IL-1R and TNFR1 in astrocytes, induce the activation of TRAF6/JNK signaling that maintain the persistence of NP [19]."

reach
"IL1R is activated by IL1beta, a known sleep regulatory molecule [XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"36 However, the detection of IL1R1 immunoreactivity on epithelial basal cells and neuroendocrine cells of the trachea and on blood vessels in the brain and heart, which are known to respond to IL-1bet[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

sparser
"The other speculation is that IL-33 induces IL-1α and IL-1β (data not shown), and then IL-1α and IL-1β in turn activate IL-1R to induce iNOS in macrophages xref ."

reach
"19 Recent evidence suggests that IL-1beta induces human IL-1R1 + Th17 cells to upregulate IFN-gamma production, thereby giving rise to Th17 and Th1 cells with a potentially pathogenic profile."

reach
"Furthermore, for IL-1 beta induced IL-1ra, immunoprecipitation of IL-1 beta with an anti-IL-1 beta antibody, but not a preimmune antibody, blocked the induction of IL-1ra."

reach
"IL-1 beta induced production of both IL-1Ra and IL-1 alpha at each time point and concentration tested."

reach
"Culture conditions of PBMC influenced the production of IL-1ra but not IL-1 beta."

reach
"Because IL-1RA inhibits the activities of IL-1β, IL-1RA is generally increased by IL-1β and is therefore usually considered to be a surrogate marker of IL-1β concentration (Bartfai et al., 2007)."

reach
"The elevated basal levels of IL-1ra in the aged may occur in reaction to the basal elevations of IL-1beta, as IL-1beta can initiate the release of IL-1ra along with several other molecules."

sparser
"IL-1α and IL-1β are two major cytokines able to activate IL-1R, and both of them may be released by stressed cells."

reach
"Recently, we demonstrated that IL-1beta and PGF2 induce Il1r1 in cultured human myometrial smooth muscle cells (Verstraeten etal."

reach
"IL-1alpha and IL-1beta are also produced, which activate an IL-1R1 and MyD88-positive feedback loop in macrophages and IL-1R on other resident cells in the cornea."

reach
"In terms of protein levels, E2 downregulated IL-1beta but upregulated IL-1ra and thereby decreased the IL-1beta and IL-1 ra ratio at 24h."

sparser
"Complementing this action, in ILC3 cells, activation of FFA2 leads to an upregulation of IL-1R, which is in turn activated by IL-1β to produce IL-22."

reach
"XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR Furthermore, the monocyte expansion observed with dexamethasone treatment could be explained by its ability to mimic IL1B activation of IL1R, 42 which stimulates their proliferation."

reach
"Moreover, treatment of transformed alphaTC-1 cells with IL-1beta increased IL-1Ra immunoreactivity similar to that observed in transformed INS-1 beta-cells, although alphaTC-1 cells had much lower basal IL-1Ra immunoreactivity as compared to INS-1 beta-cells."

reach
"Compared with controls, asymptomatic patients had increased production of IL-1beta and IL-12 (both P < 0.05), unchanged production of TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and IL-1ra and notably reduced production of IL-10, IL-2 and sIL2-ralpha (all P < 0.05)."

reach
"IL-1R is activated by IL-1b."

reach
"We next investigated whether the stimulatory effect of A77 1726 was restricted to IL-1Ra production induced by IL-1beta, or whether it could also be observed in the presence of other proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-alpha."

eidos
"Meanwhile , IL-1 beta upregulated IL-1R1 through an autocrine mechanism ( He et al. 2016 ) ."

reach
"Thus, mature IL-1beta likely acts predominantly in a paracrine or endocrine manner, activating IL-1R signaling in effector cells such as CD4+ T-cells."

reach
"The other speculation is that IL-33 induces IL-1alpha and IL-1beta (data not shown), and then IL-1alpha and IL-1beta in turn activate IL-1R to induce iNOS in macrophages XREF_BIBR."

eidos
"Activation of IL-1R1 by IL-1beta may result in PLC generation ,13 leading to the production of DAG ."

reach
"Although both IL-1alpha and IL-1beta can activate IL-1R and MyD88 signaling, their cellular source and post-translational processing are different [XREF_BIBR]."

sparser
"Activation of IL-1R by IL-1β in astrocytes, decreases glutamate reuptake and simultaneously stimulates the release of glutamate from astroglial cells via TNFα induction, mediated through activation of TNFαR [ xref ]."

sparser
"IL-1β activation of neuronal IL-1R1 induces Src kinase-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of the NR2B subunit of the NMDA receptor."

sparser
"By contrast, IL-1R is activated by IL-1α and IL-1β, which are produced by host cells xref ."

reach
"In our experiments, 1pg/ml of IL-1beta stimulated production of IL-1R and ADAMTS4 in combination with 40kPa of cyclic compressive loading, because excessive mechanical stress substantially induced IL-1R in 3D cultured ATDC5 cells."

reach
"By contrast, IL-1R is activated by IL-1alpha and IL-1beta, which are produced by host cells 15."

reach
"IL-1β activates the IL-1 receptor (IL-1R), which also signals through the MyD88 pathway, resulting in a positive feedback loop and amplified production of inflammatory mediators (12, 16)."

reach
"Furthermore, disruption of IL-1beta signaling by caspase-1 KO specifically within bone marrow derived cells revealed that monocytes promoted anxiogenesis through stimulation of neurovascular IL-1R1 by IL-1beta."

reach
"This is mediated by IL-1beta activation of IL-1R and MyD88 signaling, which triggers NF-kappaB and other signaling molecules that induce proinflammatory mediators and chemokines to promote neutrophil trafficking from the circulation into the infected tissue XREF_BIBR."

reach
"In Q705K transduced cells, we have found the release of TNF to be a downstream event of IL-1R activation by IL-1beta, whereas the increased gene expression of TNF in these cells was not an IL-1R regulated event [XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"In addition, it has been shown in mice, albeit not in rats, that the midline raphe nuclei express in IL-1 receptors [XREF_BIBR] and that IL-1beta- and LPS induced increase SERT activity and LPS induced immobility in the tail suspension test, a measure of behavioral despair, were abolished in IL-1R knockout mice [XREF_BIBR]."

sparser
"Interestingly, IL-1β-induced IL-1R downstream signaling activation was ablated in IRAK4 KI cells, as IRAK1 degradation, induction of c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) and IκBα phosphorylation were diminished in IRAK4 KI cells compared to WT cells ( xref )."

reach
"These results demonstrate that the early activation of astrocyte IL-1R1 induced by increased IL-1β controls the development of MA following sciatic nerve injury."

reach
"Taken together, these data suggest that the inflammatory airway response to intranasal challenge with Ova initiated by CFA and Ova immunization requires signaling through the IL-1R1 by IL-1alpha but not by IL-1beta."

reach
"However, IL-1beta alone could not induce IL-17 production in Il1rn -/- gammadelta T cells, even though these cells expressed IL-1R, consistent with a report that IL-1beta alone does not induce IL-17 in peritoneum- and lung derived gammadelta T cells expressing high levels of IL-1R XREF_BIBR."

sparser
"IL-1R1 is activated by IL-1β that is released from neurons, glia, brain endothelial cells, and infiltrating monocytes following inflammasome activation (Labzin et al., 2016; Vezzani et al., 2019) ."

sparser
"IL-1R activation by IL-1β can also promote glutamate release from the astrocytes [ xref , xref ]."

reach
"Orbital fibroblasts, unlike those from skin, fail to express high levels of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) when treated with IL-1beta, leading to loss of modulation of IL-1 action."

reach
"If IL-1Ra is stimulated by IL-1beta in a linear manner, only two stable steady states would have been found."

reach
"The regulation of IL-1ra in somatotroph adenoma cells is different from human cultured monocytes, in which IL-1 beta significantly stimulated IL-1ra secretion into the culture supernatants, and no change of intracellular IL-1ra content was observed."

reach
"IL-1R is activated by IL-1β."

sparser
"In the CNS, activation of IL-1R1 by IL-1β activates signaling pathways that modulate intracellular calcium [ xref ], expression of neurotransmitter receptors [ xref ], activation of cAMP response element-binding (CREB) [ xref ] and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression [ xref ]."

reach
"Primary sensory neurons particularly nociceptors in DRGs express IL-1 receptors (IL-1R), and activation of IL-1R by IL-1β can activate nociceptors rapidly to generate action potentials and elicit pain hypersensitivity via regulating sodium and potassium currents [25, 26]."

reach
"Collectively, this work shows that the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β can directly induce pain by activating a new nociceptive receptor, namely neuronal IL-1R1."

reach
"In freshly isolated primary chondrocytes, A77 1726 used at 100 mumol/l also enhanced secretion of IL-1Ra induced by IL-1beta."

reach
"In particular, the systemic increase in IL-1beta concentration induces the activation of the neuronal IL-1R1 and the subsequent phosphorylation of NR2B subunit of NMDA receptor, which turn into NMDA mediated calcium influx into neurons [XREF_BIBR]."
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