IndraLab

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"As previous research identified a significant increase in macrophage numbers in endometriosis induced mice 22 and that HCQ can inhibit cytokine production in human macrophages, 23 we therefore assessed macrophage numbers in control, recipient (untreated), PBS treated, and HCQ treated recipient mice."
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"s immunomodulatory properties can improve PE: First, HCQ would directly inhibit TLRs activation and MHC II assembling in DCs and other antigen-presenting cells, and their cytokine production."
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"These patients are characterized by exaggerated inflammation which may contribute to disease pathology 2,3 , and hydroxychloroquine could theoretically reduce cytokine production ."
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"Koch et al. demonstrated potential for HCQ use in multiple sclerosis when they administered HCQ to lipopolysaccaride-stimulated human microglia and observed reduced proinflammatory cytokine secretion, delayed symptom onset, and reduced Iba1 staining in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalitis."
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"Finally , in antigen-presenting cells , hydroxychloroquine prevents antigen processing and subsequently T-cell activation , differentiation , and cytokine production ."
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"Chloroquine and HCQ have been reported to have antiviral activity , to inhibit cytokine production , and to be associated with improved CT pulmonary images , a rapid decline in fever , and a quicker recovery period ."
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"An animal study studying the effect of HCQ on renal injury found that HCQ decreased both pro-inflammatory cytokine production and macrophage and neutrophil infiltration, thus having a downstream effect on NLRP3 inflammasome activation [36]."
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"7 Although HCQ has been demonstrated to inhibit pro inflammatory cytokine production by macrophages and antigen presentation, potential effects on T cells remain elusive."
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"To exclude that chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine inhibit cytokine production in general, we treated untrained monocytes with chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for 24 h. Cytokine production upon LPS stimulation 5days later was not affected (XREF_SUPPLEMENTARY B)."
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"Moreover , HCQ inhibits T cell activation , proliferation , and cytokine production by inhibiting intracellular calcium and mobilization and subsequent NFAT signalling [ 19 , 20 ] and apoptosis in CD45RO + memory and effector T cells by inhibiting autophagy [ 21 ] ."
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"Moreover, HCQ inhibits T cell activation, proliferation, and cytokine production by inhibiting intracellular calcium and mobilization and subsequent NFAT signalling [XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR] and apoptosis in CD45RO+ memory and effector T cells by inhibiting autophagy [XREF_BIBR]."
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"Immunomodulatory effects of chloroquine as well as hydroxychloroquine include inhibition of antigen presentation to dendritic cells, reduced cytokine production in macrophages and reduced signaling of both B and T cells.Therefore, in addition to direct antiviral effects, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine may play a role in reducing the cytokine storm associated with COVID-19 progression to ARDS."
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"Moreover, HCQ blocks T-cell and monocyte proliferation, inhibits TLR signaling, and downregulates cytokine production including TNF-alpha, IL-17, IL-6, IFNalpha, and IFNgamma [XREF_BIBR]."
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"Some evidence has shown that HCQ can reduce inflammatory cytokine production by macrophages and alter macrophage phenotype."
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"In addition, HCQ inhibits proinflammatory cytokine production by myeloid cells, possibly via the inhibition of endosomal Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling [9]."
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"In antigen-presenting cells , HCQ also reduced constitutive activation of the endo-lysosomal protease legumain and toll-like receptor 9 , thereby reducing cytokine production , but it had little apparent impact on constitutive antigen processing and peptide presentation ."
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"Both CQ and HCQ accumulate in lysosomes , destabilizing lysosomal membranes , altering lysosomal and endosomal pH , and interfering with lysosomal activity and autophagosome function.6 Both compounds may furthermore reduce antigen presentation , inhibit cytokine production ( interleukin [ IL ] -1 , interferon [ IFNalpha ] , and tumor necrosis factor [ TNF ] ) , and affect Toll-like receptor signaling and cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate [ GMP-AMP ] synthase activity ."
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"In addition , HCQ and CQ can also attenuate cytokine production , lysosomal activity , and autophagy [ 14 , 15 ] ."
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"Together, these results show that HCQ inhibits SARS-CoV-2-induced pDC diversification and cytokine production."
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"Together , these results show that HCQ inhibits SARS-CoV-2-induced pDC diversification and cytokine production ."
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"Notably, hydroxychloroquine could suppress T‐cell activation and cytokine production."
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"To exclude that chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine inhibit cytokine production in general , we treated untrained monocytes with chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for 24 h. Cytokine production upon LPS stimulation 5 days later was not affected ( Figure S4B ) ."
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"Together, these results show that HCQ inhibits SARS-CoV-2-induced pDC diversification and cytokine production."
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"Hydroxychloroquine can reduce the inflammatory response and cytokine storm ( aggressive inflammatory response with the release of a large amount of pro-inflammatory cytokines ) in patients severely infected with SARS-CoV-2 by blocking T-cell stimulation , and thus decreasing cytokine production ."
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"These patients are characterized by exaggerated inflammation which may contribute to disease pathology 2,3 , and hydroxychloroquine could theoretically reduce cytokine production."
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"On the other hand, hydroxychloroquine has proved to inhibit the proinflammatory cytokine production by macrophages and the antigen presentation [XREF_BIBR]."
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"Finally, in antigen presenting cells, hydroxychloroquine prevents antigen processing and subsequently T-cell activation, differentiation, and cytokine production."
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"During the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic , hydroxychloroquine , a medication commonly used to prevent malaria infection and treat autoimmune diseases , gained global attention for its effectiveness in treating COVID-19 in vitro.6-11 Hydroxychloroquine is found to reduce the entry of coronavirus into a cell through interference with the terminal glycosylation of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 ( ACE2 ) receptor , which inhibits viral replication.6 8 Additionally , hydroxychloroquine has immunomodulatory activity , and may inhibit cytokine production and prevent the occurrence of cytokine storm.12 Early studies examining the treatment of COVID-19 with hydroxychloroquine showed mixed results with some studies showing no average benefit in outcomes , including intubation or inpatient mortality , but other studies showing worse outcomes.13-22 A recent randomised clinical trial study examining the effects of hydroxychloroquine found no difference in clinical outcomes between patients treated with and without hydroxychloroquine ."
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"HCQ has an immunomodulatory effect , which could be explained by its propensity to alter intracellular pH leading to the inhibition of lysosomal activity in antigen-presenting cells and B cells , thereby preventing T-cell activation and cytokine production , respectively [ 7 ] ."
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"Together , these results show that HCQ inhibits SARS-CoV-2-induced pDC diversification and cytokine production ."
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"HCQ is able to inhibit cytokine production in various immune cells, for example, the production of IL-1, IL-6, TNF, and IFNγ by mononuclear cells and the production of TNF, IFNα, and IL-6 by plasmacytoid dendritic cells and natural killer cells [7]."
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"100,101 By altering membrane stability, signaling pathways, and transcriptional activity, CQ and HCQ inhibit cytokine production and modulation of certain costimulatory molecules."
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"Studies have shown that CQ and HCQ inhibit antigen presentation in dendritic cells and cytokine production by leukocytes, Toll like receptors, and immune cells."
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"Although hydroxychloroquine, an antimalarial drug, suppresses acute-phase reactants, lymphocyte responsiveness, macrophage function, and cytokine production, this drug did not slow the progression of [MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
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"Additionally, HCQ markedly reduced macrophage and neutrophil infiltration, pro inflammatory cytokine production, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation."
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"Hydroxychloroquine ( HCQ ) can interfere with viral entry and replication ; and can also inhibit immune cell overactivation and cytokine production ."
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"This study demonstrates that the cytokine production by RNA-IC-stimulated pDCs and NK cells can be suppressed by HCQ and, more profoundly, by an IRAK4 inhibitor."
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"HCQ can also attenuate cytokine production and autophagy [ 39,40 ] ."
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"XREF_BIBR Additionally, hydroxychloroquine has immunomodulatory activity, and may inhibit cytokine production and prevent the occurrence of cytokine storm."
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