IndraLab

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Amino acid inhibits EIF2AK1. 6 / 6
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"For instance, the PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK encoded by eif2ak3), general control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2 encoded by eif2ak4), protein kinase R (PKR encoded by eif2ak2), and heme-regulated inhibitor kinase (HRI encoded by eif2ak1) are known to be activated by unfolded protein accumulation, amino acid deprivation, viral infection, and heme deficiency/oxidative stress, respectively (Costa-Mattioli and Walter, 2020; English et al., 2022)."
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"HRI and GCN2 are activated by amino acid deficiency, whereas PKR is activated by a viral infection, and PERK is activated by endoplasmic reticulum stress [66]."
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"These kinases include GCN2, triggered by amino acid starvation; PERK, activated by cellular stress and protein misfolding at the ER membrane; and HRI, which is responsive to iron deficiency ( He, 2006[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
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"These are HRI (EIF2AK1), PKR (EIF2AK2), PERK (EIF2AK3), and GCN2 (EIF2AK4), which are activated by heme deficiency/heavy metals, viral infection, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and amino acid deficiency, respectively (Pakos-Zebrucka et al., 2016)."
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"PERK is activated by ER stress, radiation, or hypoxia, GCN2 is activated by uncharged tRNAs in amino acid-starved cells, HRI by heme deficiency in erythroid precursor cells, and PKR by double-stranded RNA and, in some contexts, ER stress."
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"HRI is activated by hemin deficiency and oxidative stress, PKR by viral infection, PERK by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and GCN2 by amino acid deficiency and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation."
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