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Hydroxychloroquine activates inflammatory response. 18 / 18
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"The activity of HCQ in the context of virus induced inflammation, innate immune activity, and nascent adaptive responses creates a complex milieu that will require careful study to decipher and discern which patients, dosing, and stage of the disease may benefit from this intervention."
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"The discovery of significantly altered liver function made the treatment of the infection critical, requiring greater caution with regard to the titration of the antidepressant drugs prescribed.One problem we faced was discriminating between potential liver damage caused by SARS-CoV-2 and iatrogenic damage caused by hydroxychloroquine used experimentally to modulate the inflammatory response to the infection, or both mechanisms."
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"Therefore, the aim of our work was to investigate whether HCQ is able to modulate the abnormal inflammatory response driven by RNA:DNA hybrids.Considering the noteworthy difficulties in obtaining primary cells from children affected by this rare disease, we used immortalized lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs): one from a patient carrying the RNASEH2A p.R108W + p.F230L mutations, one from a patient carrying the RNASEH2B p.A177T mutation and one from a healthy control."
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"Two potential pathways were inferred to be involved in the protective effect of hydroxychloroquine in CAD : (a) hydroxychloroquine may activate ERK5 (encoded by MAPK7) to prevent endothelial inflammation via inhibition of cell adhesion molecule expression 24; and (b) hydroxychloroquine may inhibit endosomal activation of NADPH oxidase in response to pro inflammatory agonists (TNF-alpha and IL-1beta) and may decrease production of pro inflammatory cytokines in stimulated immune cells 25."
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"Hydroxychloroquine prevented the induction of epigenetic modifications needed for trained immunity.81 Preoperative exercise therapy triggered an anti‐inflammatory trained immunity phenotype via metabolic reprogramming and led to attenuation of liver injury and inflammation from ischemia in mouse models.82 Sterile tissue injury trained the innate immune system, providing protection against subsequent infection in adult drosophila."