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Ethanol decreases the amount of IRS1. 7 / 8
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"Graphs, together with post hoc Tukey repeated measures tests demonstrated that ethanol significantly reduced the mean expression levels of Insulin R (XREF_FIG) and IRS-1 (XREF_FIG), but increased p70S6K (XREF_FIG) relative to control."
29242853
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"The present study showed that chronic ethanol intake could downregulate the expression levels of IR-beta, IRS-1, and Glut4 in rat cardiac muscles."
19185210
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"chronic ethanol intake at 2.5 and 5 xkg (-1) xd (-1) sufficient doses can down-regulate the expression of IRbeta, P-IRbeta, and IRS-1, as well as the phosphorylated forms of IRS-1 and Akt, in rat skeletal muscle, possibly through increased PTP1B activity."
21102485
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"The latter study reported that the fructose and ethanol combination decreased mRNA levels of hepatic insulin receptor substrate 1 and 2 (IRS1/2), suggesting that fructose and ethanol fed together prom[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
28315617
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"Similarly, middle-aged males with chronic alcohol misuse had decreased circulating IGF-1 levels and reduced SKM expression of IRS-1 and p-4E-BP1."
37937295
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"Chronic ethanol feeding significantly reduced the mean mRNA levels of insulin and IGF-1 polypeptides, insulin, IGF-1, and IGF-2 receptors, IRS-1, and IRS-2 (XREF_FIG)."
23016132
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"This was also associated with increased mRNA expression of heat shock proteins and atrogenes and a relative increase in the proportion of fast glycolytic muscle fibers, indicating both a decrease in anabolic signaling and an increase in catabolic signaling.Studies suggest that chronic alcohol consumption does not affect SKM glucose uptake, despite the fact that chronic ethanol administration in rats reduced gastrocnemius expression of IRS-1, Akt, and p70S6K."
37937295