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"Jing et al. [47] demonstrated that Celastrol, an extract from T. wilfordii, can inhibit the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in RA, thereby alleviating inflammation symptoms."

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"Celastrol inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation in various stimulus and different cell types."

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"As celastrol has multiple effects on inflammation, then we sought to determine whether celastrol inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation in other immune cells, apart from murine peritoneal macrophages."

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"Intriguingly, 3-MA treatment could impair celastrol-induced NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition (Figure xref ), indicating that autophagy plays a critical role in celastrol-induced NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition in systemic inflammation."

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"Importantly, we observed that pretreatment of 3-MA enhanced IL-1beta production and reversed celastrol induced NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition (XREF_SUPPLEMENTARY, Figure XREF_FIG and XREF_FIG)."

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"These results demonstrate that enhanced autophagy by celastrol contributes to celastrol mediated NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition."

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"Our findings suggest that celastrol may act on dopaminergic neurons and microglia to inhibit the activation of NLRP3 and caspase-1, which may underlie the neuroprotective effects of celastrol in PD."

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"Celastrol specifically inhibits the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome."

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"These data suggest that celastrol inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation through disrupting NLRP3 mediated ASC complex formation."

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"As cleaved IL-18 and IL-1β are known to promote fibrosis [17] , these results confirm that Celastrol inhibition of NLRP3 attenuates MF at least partly by reducing the cleaved IL-18 and IL-1β levels."

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"As expected, LPS treated wild type mice has decreased survival, compared with celastrol treated mice or Caspase-1 (TM)/(TM) mice, implying that celastrol can attenuate NLRP3 inflammasome activation in this model."

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"Interestingly, both NAC and Mito-TEMPO significantly inhibited IL-1beta secretion, implying that celastrol inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome partially through decreasing ROS production."

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"These results suggest that celastrol inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation in part by suppression of ROS production."

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"Celastrol driven autophagy mediates NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition."

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"We thus sought to determine whether celastrol could inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation by promoting autophagy."

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"Moreover, yet, it is not understood whether autophagy signalling contributes to the celastrol-mediated anti-inflammatory activity.CP-456773 (CP)/MCC950/CRID3 is a potent small molecule inhibitor of ca[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

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"Intriguingly, 3-MA treatment could impair celastrol induced NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition, indicating that autophagy plays a critical role in celastrol induced NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition in systemic inflammation."

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"These results show that celastrol may inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome to protect against PD via Nrf2, indicating that Nrf2-NLRP3-caspase-1 axis may underlie the favorable effects of celastrol in PD treatment.The hallmark of PD is the loss of dopaminergic neurons [6,9,57,[62], [63], [64]]."

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"Additionally, Celastrol displays considerable anti-inflammatory activity (De Seabra Rodrigues Dias et al., 2017; Zhang et al., 2018) and can inhibit cellular inflammation by suppressing NLRP3 activity (Yu et al., 2017)."

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"Celastrol significantly suppresses inflammation by reducing the secretion of IL-1beta and IL-18, and inactivating the NLRP3 inflammasomes and caspase-1 in LPS and ATP primed macrophage cells."

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"However, whether the celastrol inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome through Nrf2 to exert neuroprotective effects in PD is not yet known.To assess the neuroprotective actions of celastrol in PD, we employed multiple PD models to better understand the nigro-striatal degeneration, including MPTP-induced PD mouse model and the AAV-mediated human α-syn overexpression PD model."

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"Therefore, to ask whether the inhibition of NLRP3 by celastrol is dependent on the activation of Nrf2, western analysis was performed."

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"Moreover, celastrol treatment markedly decreased mRNA expression caspase-1, NLRP3 and ASC in colon tissue."

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"Celastrol inhibits ox-LDL-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in mesangial cells suggesting a possible contribution of celastrol mediated NLRP3 inhibition to proliferative glomerular diseases."

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"Celastrol inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation induced by both ATP and nigericin."

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"Celastrol inhibited the NF-кB pathway and suppressed the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in rheumatoid arthritis [19]."

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"As an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant substance, Zhang et al. found that Celastrol can inhibit the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome through the NLRP3-caspase-1 and Nrf2 pathways."

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"In summary, our findings demonstrate that celastrol inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation through autophagy activation."

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"Celastrol suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation and alleviated P. acnes and LPS induced liver damage and MSU induced gouty arthritis."

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"Celastrol caused an induction of Nrf2, and a decrease of NLRP3 and caspase-1 (Fig. 2g)."

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"Pretreament with celastrol or BAY 11–7082 dramatically inhibited the up-regulation of NLRP3, caspase-1 p10 and pro-IL-1β ( Fig. 2 A–E)."

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"Similarly, Celastrol was reported to inhibit the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and ameliorate inflammation by reducing ROS production (33)."

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"β-Hydroxybutyrate, celastrol and glyburide inhibit the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome by inhibiting K channels."

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"Recent studies have reported that Celastrol can inhibit the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes and exhibit neuroprotective effects in Parkinson's disease through attenuating neuroinflammation [11] ."

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"Taken together, these findings suggest that Nrf2 may mediate the neuroprotective and anti-neuroinflammatory actions of celastrol mainly in dopaminergic neurons.2.4 Celastrol inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome to protect against PD."

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"Notably, the neuroprotective effects of celastrol were unaltered in MPTP-treated NLRP3-KO mice (Fig. 4a–d), reflecting that NLRP3 may underlie the neuroprotective action of celastrol in PD, and celastrol may inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome to protect against PD."

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"However, the specific mechanism of Celastrol-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition requires further investigation.The acute loss of cardiomyocytes following MI releases danger signals that activate t[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

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"All these results provide evidence that celastrol inhibits activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.Pyroptosis is a type of caspase-1-dependent cell death characterized by a loss of membrane integrity lea[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

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"Together, these observations indicate that celastrol may suppress NLRP3 inflammasome to protect against PD.2."

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"Therefore, to ask whether the inhibition of NLRP3 by celastrol is dependent on the activation of Nrf2, western analysis was performed."

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"These results validate that celastrol may inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome to protect against PD via activation of Nrf2, suggesting that Nrf2-NLRP3 axis may underlie the favorable effects of celastrol in PD treatment."

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"And, novel anti-inflammatory mechanism of celastrol targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway may be explain the anti-inflammation action in treating aforementioned diseases.In conclusion, the results [MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

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"However, it remains unknown whether Celastrol can attenuate myocardial fibrosis by modulating the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome.Currently, clinical treatment for patients with acute myocardial infa[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

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"Here, we show that celastrol abolishes the NLRP3 inflammasome activation, inhibits subsequent caspase-1 activation and IL-1beta secretion both in vitro and in vivo."

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"Notably, interruption of ASC oligomerization and autophagy activation are involved in NLRP3 inflammasome inactivation by celastrol."

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"In vivo experiments have demonstrated that autophagy inhibition ameliorated celastrol-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome suppression in LPS-induced septic shock or dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis mouse models, thereby indicating that autophagy may be responsible for the protection against NLRP3-related diseases exerted by celastrol (33)."

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"Importantly, we observed that pretreatment of 3-MA enhanced IL-1β production and reversed celastrol-induced NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition ( xref , Figure xref and xref )."

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"It has been demonstrated that celastrol could inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome, reduced the potency of macrophage to stimulate migration and invasion of tumor cells (15)."

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"Similarly, tripterine was found to inhibit the miR-449a/NLRP3 axis to promote M2 polarization, thus ameliorating gouty arthritis in mice."

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"Celastrol also significantly reduced the NLRP3 , IL-18 , and IL-1beta levels , together with macrophage and neutrophil infiltration in the myocardium ."