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"The results of this study demonstrated that RC extract and berberine inhibit the production of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1 and CCL2) in macrophages, likely via inhibition of the transcription factors activator protein 1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NFkappaB)."

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"In addition, studies showed that the inhibitory effects of berberine were mediated by downregulating cellular c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) and NF-kappa B activation (Hayashi et al. 2007), suppressing mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) or MAPK/ERK kinase 1 (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signalling (Shin et al. 2015; Varghese et al. 2016)."

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"Previous studies have shown that berberine reduced prostaglandin E2 production in vitro (in the oral cancer cell line and KB cells) and in vivo (in carrageenan induced air pouch in rats), moreover berberine inhibited activator protein 1, a key transcriptional factor in inflammation and carcinogenesis [XREF_BIBR]."

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"48 A study demonstrated that berberine possesses in vivo anti-inflammatory activity and inhibits the activity of activator protein 1, which triggers inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6."

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"Berberine has been shown to block the transcription factor AP-1 (activator protein 1), which is responsible for the expression of E6 and E7 viral oncogenes."

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"Previous studies have shown that berberine reduced prostaglandin E2 production in vitro (in the oral cancer cell line and KB cells) and in vivo (in carrageenan induced air pouch in rats), moreover berberine inhibited activator protein 1, a key transcriptional factor in inflammation and carcinogenesis [ xref ]."

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"It has been reported that berberine decreases the motility and invasion of non small lung cancer cells by alleviating the activation of c-Fos, c-Jun, and NF-kappaB, and thus inhibits uPA, MMP2 proteins [XREF_BIBR]."

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"The berberine-induced changes in the transcript levels of MMP2, TIMP-2, u-PA and PAI well coincided with the observed Western results, indicating that berberine might regulate MMP2, TIMP-2, u-PA, uPAR[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

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"Fukuda et al. [13] reported that berberine inhibits the activity of activator protein 1 (AP-1), which transactivates inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 [14]."