IndraLab

Statements

CALM1 binds ESP32. 43 / 43
| 43
sparser
"The ESP32-CAM can be substituted with a Seeed Studio XIAO camera board, which includes an integrated battery driver so that the lithium-ion battery can instead be connected directly to the board."
39413076
sparser
"For an ESPlanktoscope using the ESP32-CAM module, which does not provide enough GPIO pins to control the motor directly, the motor driver must be controlled by a second ESP32 microcontroller board connected to the ESP32 camera module, as the ESP32 camera module does not offer enough GPIO pins to control the motor directly; in such a configuration, the ESP32 camera module sends a PWM signal to the second microcontroller in order to set the flow rate of the pump."
39413076
sparser
"To image small particles such as dust particles, we removed the black plastic cap holding the threaded objective lens provided with the ESP32-CAM module’s camera sensor and instead applied the sample droplet directly to a coverslip placed directly on the sensor window."
39413076
sparser
"Firmware binaries can be uploaded using either an over-the-air (OTA) mechanism or through the Web Serial-based web page, which provides a selection of customized firmware configurations (e.g. for the ESP32-CAM board, the Seeed Studio Xiao Sense board, Serial Camera, ESPectrophotometer)."
39413076
sparser
"This study aims to validate the benefits of using a single-chip microprocessor, specifically the ESP32-CAM, as an edge server."
| PMC
sparser
"For instance, a monitoring system that combines the ESP32-CAM and Raspberry Pi with YOLOv8 has been developed to detect and classify objects, such as humans and animals, in the field [ xref ]."
| PMC
sparser
"By leveraging the ESP32-CAM on the edge and YOLOv8 in the cloud, we propose a system that optimizes both latency and accuracy."
| PMC
sparser
"The specific performance of highly constrained hardware like the ESP32-CAM in edge computing scenarios has not been extensively explored."
| PMC
sparser
"Leveraging the ESP32-CAM’s local processing capabilities while selectively offloading complex tasks to the cloud, the proposed system offers a cost-effective and efficient solution for resource-constrained IoT devices."
| PMC
sparser
"The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the integration of edge computing and cloud processing for real-time object recognition using the ESP32-CAM."
| PMC
sparser
"Without 4 MB PSRAM memory, ESP32-CAM and M5CAMERA boards can use only one photo buffer."
| PMC
sparser
"Cameras on tested boards (ESP32-CAM and M5CAMERA) have sufficient resolution for most machine learning tasks."
| PMC
sparser
"This study employs the ESP32-CAM for image capture and person recognition, as shown in xref ."
| PMC
sparser
"In the experiment, the ESP32-CAM was directed at a laptop screen that switched every 0.5 s between pre-selected images of scenes with and without people."
| PMC
sparser
"The program in the ESP32-CAM alternated between three options during the experiment:"
| PMC
sparser
"This study conducts experiments using an ESP32-CAM to capture images of a laptop screen displaying content from the ImageNet ILSVRC 2017 dataset."
| PMC
sparser
"The default scenario features a composition of 30% “person” images and 70% “non-person” images. xref illustrates a test image set captured by the ESP32-CAM, showcasing the rotating images on the laptop screen."
| PMC
sparser
"The process in this study begins with the ESP32-CAM capturing an image, followed by a series of transformations and analyses, both on the edge device and in the cloud, shown as xref ."
| PMC
sparser
"In xref , xref , xref , xref , xref , xref , xref , xref and xref , loop time refers to the total time required to complete the entire process—from the ESP32-CAM capturing an image, through local processing and cloud-based recognition, to the point when the cloud server sends the results back to the ESP32 edge device."
| PMC
sparser
"Additionally, recognition results for non-person images are omitted in Option 3 to save time, making it ideal for scenarios with infrequent human presence. xref compares the average time taken for the entire system to complete a full cycle from the ESP32-CAM transmitting data to the laptop processing and returning results."
| PMC
sparser
"The edge server, implemented on the ESP32-CAM, handles initial image capture and processing."
| PMC
sparser
"The simplest configuration, a Matchboxscope with a periscopic illumination mechanism ( xref ), can be replicated wherever an ESP32-CAM module and a 3D printer are accessible."
39413076
sparser
"Most misrecognitions happen at the edge due to the ESP32-CAM’s limited computational power and the use of a lightweight MobileNet model."
| PMC
sparser
"The simplest optical configuration for a Matchboxscope can be achieved by slightly unscrewing the integrated objective lens of the ESP32-CAM module."
39413076
sparser
"Reducing image size improves both the local processing speed of the ESP32-CAM and network transmission efficiency by minimizing the time required for image acquisition, processing, and transfer."
| PMC
sparser
"However, to create a compact device with the ESP32-CAM board’s d 4 mm sensor and f ’ ≈ 4 mm focal length of the objective, we have chosen a’ ≈18 mm and ≈4 mm , leading to a total magnification of ≈4 and an effective pixel size of ≈0.6 μm ."
39413076
sparser
"The ESP32-CAM captures an image, processes it for recognition, and updates the result on the TFT-LCD, all within less than 1 s."
| PMC
sparser
"Then the ESP32-CAM board’s f-number of f#2.2 allows a numerical aperture of NA = 1/(2⋅2.2)≈0.23 and thus an optical resolution of d (λ = 550 nm ) = λ/(2* NA )≈1.2 μm ."
39413076
sparser
"The ESP32-CAM is a resource-constrained device with limited processing power and memory, which impacts its ability to run complex deep learning models."
| PMC
sparser
"The ESP32-CAM module’s integrated LED can be used for sample illumination without additional electrical wiring."
39413076
sparser
"For higher-contrast imaging in critical illumination, we found that an ultra-compact, watertight, coin cell-powered LED light, such as those used in balloon lights, produces a more homogeneous illumination of the field-of-view and is a suitable replacement for the ESP32-CAM module’s integrated LED."
39413076
sparser
"This study demonstrates the effectiveness of integrating edge and cloud computing in an IoT-based image recognition system, using the ESP32-CAM as both an edge device and server."
| PMC
sparser
"This external light module could be substituted with a combination of the ESP32-CAM’s integrated LED and a periscope or TOSLINK cable light guide, but such a substitution will produce weaker illumination and lower imaging contrast."
39413076
sparser
"This problem can be avoided with a DIY power bank in which a lithium-ion battery connected to a 5 V DC step-up converter constantly supplies the ESP32-CAM module with power."
39413076
sparser
"In this work, the ESP32-CAM captures the intruders in front of each sensor module."
37177388
sparser
"The data obtained from the infrared sensors provide only rough references, and to achieve accurate judgments, it is necessary to rely on ESP32-CAM image captures and the additional development of artificial intelligent (AI) recognition algorithms."
37177388
sparser
"Furthermore, the current proposed auxiliary ESP32-CAM image capture relies on a power outlet and cannot be used with battery power."
37177388
sparser
"For example, the ESP32-CAM module has been reported by some users to behave unexpectedly and to break for no obvious reason."
39413076
sparser
"This may be due to manufacturing mistakes, inappropriate selection of components such as the power controller, or design issues with the ESP32-CAM module itself."
39413076
sparser
"One known design issue of the ESP32-CAM board, for example, is inadequate isolation of the ground planes, leading to occasional noise on the board’s input pins."
39413076
sparser
"Because the ESP32-CAM board is an interchangeable module within the ESPressoscope approach, any problems inherent to the board can be solved by substituting it with an alternative ESP32 camera board—potentially increasing the total cost of the microscope’s parts—as long as the substitute board can be integrated into the ESPressoscope’s mechanical structure with a 3D-printable adapter."
39413076
sparser
"However, to create a compact device 133 with the ESP32-CAM board’s d 4 mm sensor and f’ 4 mm focal length of the objective, we have 134 chosen a’ ≈ 18mm and ≈ 4mm, leading to a total magnification of 4 and an effective pixel size 135 of ≈ 0.6μm."
39413076
sparser
"Then the ESP32-CAM board’s f-number of ~#2.2 allows a numerical aperture of NA = 1/(2*2.2~0.23 and thus an optical resolution of dλ = 550nm=2*NA≈ 1.2μm."
39413076