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"The BK channel in embryonic chick ventricular myocytes is unique in that, in addition to activation by membrane potential and intracellular Ca 2+, the BK channel can be activated by membrane stretch d[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

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"In this assay, BK channel activity is driven by ionomycin induced calcium influx and is reported by movement of a fluorescent voltage sensitive dye across the cell membrane in response to changes in cell membrane potential."

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"BK channel activation with different rates and durations of Ca 2+ entry."

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"These results, together with the aforementioned observation that pharmacological inhibition of the BK channel prevented substrate stiffness regulation of the cardiac L-type Ca 2+ channel, provide cons[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

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"Here, we showed that inhibition of the BK channel abolished substrate stiffness regulation of the cardiac L-type Ca 2+ channel, supporting the idea that the BK channel plays a critical role in substra[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

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"beta1 was shown to facilitate the gating of BK channels by acting through the Ca 2+ but not the Mg 2+ activating mechanism XREF_BIBR, and the Slo1 tail domains, but not the Ca 2+ bowl were required for beta1 to increase the apparent Ca 2+ sensitivity XREF_BIBR."

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"Expression of hslo mRNA in Xenopus oocytes produces robust voltage and Ca (2+)-activated K+ currents."

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"Our results (XREF_FIG and XREF_FIG) reveal that slo mediates the vast majority of all the Ca 2+ -activated K + currents in postembryonic neurons, and that absence of slo induced profound functional compensations from transient voltage gated K + currents, particularly in pupal neurons."

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"The identification of Slo1 gene KCNMA1 and the availability of cDNA of Slo1 for functional expression of BK channels in exogenous cells (Atkinson et al., 1991; Adelman et al., 1992; Butler et al., 1993) allowed the studies to distinguish the distinct Ca and voltage dependent activation mechanisms (Cui et al., 1997)."

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"In addition, disruption of the BK Ca gene KCNMA1 which encodes the alpha-subunit of the large conductance Ca 2+ -activated K + channel (BK Ca) led to both haplo-insufficiency and reduced BK Ca activity."

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"Later, they found that miR-9 binds to the calcium activated channel subfamily M alpha member 1 (KCNMA1) and negatively regulates its expression."

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"Physiologically, BK channel activity can be enhanced by elevating cytosolic Ca concentrations, since Ca binds with high affinity to the cytoplasmic domain(s)."

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"To investigate the involvement of these Ca dependent kinases in the increase in CREB phosphorylation seen after BK channel inhibition, STO-609, which selectively inhibits Ca and calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2) which is upstream of CaMKIV [32] and the CaMKII peptide inhibitor, tatCN21 [29], were added to our system.As previously demonstrated in whole cells, BK channel inhibition with paxilline increased CREB phosphorylation sevenfold (**p = 0.0023)."

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"A previous study showed that LRRC26-γ1 modulated and increased the voltage sensitivity of Slo1, which allowed the activation of Slo1 without Ca 2+ in non-excitable cells such as secretory epithelial c[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

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"XREF_BIBR) An encapsulated M3 strain induced apoptosis in human primary keratinocytes triggered by SLO mediated calcium influx and associated with vacuolation of the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial damage."

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"For the copper metalloporphyrin, the predicted results can be highly correlated with the experimental data, suggesting that at lower concentrations, the metal complex may inhibit SERCA2b, leading to an elevation of cytosolic calcium and activation of calcium-dependent Slo1 potassium channels."

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"SLO and digitonin caused considerable LDH release and calcium independent [3H] dopamine release indicating significant cell membrane and secretory vesicle membrane damage."

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"This is consistent with previous reports that the vasoconstrictor response to 20-HETE is associated with increased TRPC6 and decreased BK channel activities that depolarize the membrane and promote calcium entry through voltage sensitive calcium channels."

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"When the BK channel is activated by increasing intracellular Ca concentration (Ca ) as a result of membrane excitability and depolarization, it terminates the action potential with K outflow, resulting in hyperpolarization."

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"BKβ1 is a key factor in BK channel electrophysiology that increases the sensitivity of BKα to Ca and voltage and subtly activates the BK channel within the physiological levels of the membrane potentials and intracellular calcium ([Ca ]i) concentration [16–19]."

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"Moreover, the BK channel opener NS1619 was able to induce a Ca 2+ -dependent mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization and an accompanying increase of mitochondrial respiration in isolated rat b[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

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"Thus, the data of the present study show that the dual role of the BK channel in NO-induced relaxation is observed both in the presence as well as in the absence of calcium spark coupling to BK channels."

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"SLO induces diverse types of Ca (2+) signalling in host cells which play a key role in membrane repair and cell fate determination."

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"The mechanisms behind SLO induced Ca (2+) signalling remain poorly understood."

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"The BK channel can be activated by a depolarizing voltage and increases in intracellular Ca ."

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"We observed a similar Ca 2+ signal when Fluo-3 loaded cells were treated with SLO, another proteinaceous PFT (XREF_FIG)."

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"XREF_BIBR investigated the mechanism of NS11021 modulation of BK channels by first recording BK channel currents at various voltages (-240-120 mV), Ca 2+ concentrations (0-100 microM, which saturates Ca 2+ binding), and NS11021 concentrations (0-30 microM)."

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"If the sensitivity to SLO of the cell type used is unknown, it is important to perform SLO dose response assays using PI as an indicator of cell permeability, to find the optimum SLO concentration that triggers robust calcium dependent lysosomal secretion."

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"LRRC26 knockdown did not alter Ca 2+ sparks, but reduced BK channel voltage-sensitivity, which reduced channel apparent Ca 2+ -sensitivity and transient BK current frequency and amplitude in myocytes."

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"Indeed, in our previous study we showed the BK channel activation by stretch induced Ca 2+ entry via mechanosensitive ion channels whereas no activity of BK currents was observed in physiological range of membrane potentials in the absence of mechanical stimuli 5."

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"It is hypothesized that BK channel may be involved in the stretch-modulated differentiation of VSMCs via the mediation of calcium oscillation, which may play an important role in vascular remodeling d[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

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"This extremely high positive correlation, together with previous data establishing that LCA-induced dilation of MCA is due to LCA activation of smooth muscle BK channels [ xref ], strongly suggest that the larger LCA-induced BK channel activation in myocytes of BA or CA vs . that of ACA, MCA, PCA or MA, is an important contributor to the larger LCA-induced dilation of the former group of arteries vs . the latter."

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"We provide evidence that PGE 2 causes : 1) increase in DSM spontaneous phasic contractions in a BK channel dependent manner, 2) elevation of the intracellular Ca 2+ concentration in freshly isolated DSM cells, and 3) inhibition of the amplitude and frequency of TBKCs in freshly isolated DSM cells."

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"BK channel activation requires high local Ca concentrations (∼10 µM) and thus depends on tight coupling to voltage-activated Ca channels."

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"In this study, the BK channel antagonist IBTX increased calcium oscillation and resulted in the down-regulation of VSMC differentiation markers."

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"Given the observation that slo-1 (eg142) enhances basal calcium, ACR-16 receptor levels were evaluated in this mutant using the jaSi4 construct."

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"These results suggest that NTG, in the therapeutic concentration range, produces coronary relaxation primarily via two cellular mechanisms : plasmalemmal BK channel activation and stimulation of SR Ca (++)-ATPase to produce increased SR Ca+ + accumulation."

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"Although apamin transiently increased Ca 2+ influx into alpha-cells at low glucose (42.9 +/-10.6%), sustained SK (38.5 +/-10.4%) or BK channel inhibition (31.0 +/-11.7%) decreased alpha-cell Ca 2+ influx."

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"Specifically, gliomas express a splice isoform of the channel KCa1.1, which has increased sensitivity to Ca 2+."

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"In fact, it has been previously observed that the functional disruption of the calcium bowl does not disrupt BK channel regulation produced by Cd 2+, leading to the suggestion that the BK channel may contain additional Ca 2+ regulatory sites."

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"Total alpha-cell Ca 2+ c was similarly reduced (28.3 +/-11.1%) following prolonged treatment with high glucose, but not decreased further by SK or BK channel inhibition."

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"Mutations in KCNMA1 increase Ca 2+ sensitivity of the channel by three- to five-fold, resulting in generalized epilepsy and paroxysmal dyskinesia [XREF_BIBR]."

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"Secretion of SLO by encapsulated GAS triggers calcium flux into the cytosol of infected cells, leading to vacuolization of the endoplasmic reticulum and cell apoptosis XREF_BIBR."

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"A previous study showed that SLO secreted by extracellular GAS induces keratinocyte apoptosis by augmenting calcium influx through transmembrane pores [XREF_BIBR]."

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"We observed that the average intensity of G-CaMP increased over time during GAS infection in an SLO-dependent manner, with the average G-CaMP intensity at 4 h comparable with that in A23187-treated cells (Supplementary Fig. 5a, b) and indicating GAS internalization into the cytosol and/or endosomal membrane damage via SLO-induced cytosolic Ca mobilization."

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"These data indicate that LRRC26 is an arterial myocyte BK channel auxiliary gamma subunit that elevates voltage- and apparent Ca 2+ -sensitivity to induce vasodilation."

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"Further, our recent findings suggest a decrease in the frequency of Ca 2+ sparks and associated BK channel activity may contribute to enhanced cerebral artery constriction and elevated global cytosolic Ca 2+ (XREF_FIG)."

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"BK channels co-exist in microdomains with voltage-gated Ca (Ca ) channels, Ca -permeable receptors and store-operated Ca release channels, which connect BK channel activation in highly localized Ca dynamics."

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"The interactions among VSD, PGD, and CTD are further modulated by BK channel beta subunits, which alter the voltage- and Ca 2+ -dependent activation."