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"Consequently, the mRNA expression of hepatic hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha), one of the downstream molecules of PGE2 and stimulator of VEGF, was significantly increased in TAA group when compared with that in control group, but was greatly decreased by the celecoxib treatment, p < 0.01 (XREF_FIG,) In addition, hepatic p-ERK and c-fos pathway, a link between ERK and VEGF, was greatly activated in TAA model (p < 0.01), but was suppressed by the addition of celecoxib (p < 0.01)."