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Hydroxychloroquine inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection. 34 / 34
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"It has been reported that both chloroquine and HCQ were able to suppress SARS-CoV-2 infection in an in vitro experiment ."
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"Hydroxychloroquine ( HCQ ) , an antimalarial and anti-inflammatory drug , has been shown to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro and tested in clinical studies ."
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"Neither cyclosporine nor hydroxychloroquine reduced SARS-CoV-2 infection in the tracheobronchial lung model ( 10muM , Fig. 7a , bottom two rows , Fig. 7c , Supplemental Fig. 5a , 5c ) ."
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"43 388 389 In the early in vitro studies , chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine were found to inhibit 390 SARS-CoV-2 infection efficiently , 40 , 44 and several clinical trials have been quickly conducted in 391 China to evaluate the efficacy and safety of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine ."
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"However , recent studies in cynomolgus macaques have demonstrated that hydroxychloroquine was not able to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection [ 12 ] ."
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"Meaning Among hospital-based health care workers , daily hydroxychloroquine did not prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection , although the trial was terminated early and may have been underpowered to detect a clinically important difference ."
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"Recently CQ and HCQ were shown to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro in Vero E6 cells ( Liu et al ., 2020 ; Wang et al ., 2020 ) ."
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"The results from a phase III trial ( NCT04308668 ) in high-risk people showed that hydroxychloroquine did not prevent COVID-19 disease or SARS-CoV-2 infection when used as prophylaxis or early treatment ( Boulware et al ., 2020 , Lofgren et al ., 2020 , Skipper et al ., 2020 ) ."
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"However , whether HCQ is able to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection as pre-exposure prophylaxis remained uncertain ."
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"We also demonstrated that the drugs , 4 hydroxychloroquine ( HQ ; 10 muM ) , a known endosomal acidification inhibitor , as well as 5 interferon ( IFN ) - beta , IFN-alpha , and EIDD-2801 ( Molnupiravir ) , effectively blocked SARS-CoV-2 6 infection ( Liu et al ., 2020 ) ( Figure S1C ) ."
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"Hydroxychloroquine should not be used to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection after exposure to a close contact with infection ."
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"Trials evaluating hydroxychloroquine / chloroquine , the most speculated drugs in the earlier months of pandemic , have produced results showing that hydroxychloroquine did not prevent new COVID-19 disease or SARS-CoV-2 infection when used as prophylaxis in high-risk people ( Abella et al ., 2020 , Boulware et al ., 2020 ) neither reduce symptoms severity as early treatment in mild outpatients ( Skipper et al ., 2020 ) and mild-to-moderate patients ( Cavalcanti et al ., 2020 ) ."
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"Hydroxychloroquine 4 ( HCQ ) , an antimalarial and anti-inflammatory drug , has been shown to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 5 infection in vitro and tested in clinical studies ."
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"Hydroxychloroquine 4 ( HCQ ) , an antimalarial and anti-inflammatory drug , has been shown to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 5 infection in vitro and tested in clinical studies ."
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"HCQ showed good antimalarial activity and recently has been found to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro ( Cell Discovery 2020 , 6 , 16 ) ."
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"Moreover , its derivative , hydroxychloroquine , was found to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro ."
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"HCQ and CQ have been shown to suppress SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro , with HCQ being more potent than CQ [ 135 ] ."
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"The study of Liu and the team suggested that hydroxychloroquine lessen the SARS-CoV-2 infection and safer than chloroquine ."
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"In vitro studies by Liu et al. had already demonstrated that two drugs , chloroquine ( CQ ) and hydroxychloroquine ( HCQ ) efficiently inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro and these findings were also supported by preliminary clinical studies [ 6 ] [ 7 ] [ 8] [ 9 ] ."
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"In vitro studies by Liu et al. had already demonstrated that two drugs , chloroquine ( CQ ) and hydroxychloroquine ( HCQ ) efficiently inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro and these findings were also supported by preliminary clinical studies [ 6 ] [ 7 ] [ 8] [ 9 ] ."
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"In another study Yao et al. demonstrated that HCQ ( 26 ) was more potent than CQ ( 20 ) to inhibit in vitro SARS-CoV-2 infection ( EC50 0.72 vs 5.47 muM ) ."
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"In addition , recent study has shown that hydroxychloroquine , an anti-malarial drug , significantly abolished SARS-CoV-2 infection [ 77 ] ."
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"In recent cell culture studies , both CQ and HCQ also efficiently reduces SARS-CoV-2 infection ( Liu et al.2020a ) ."
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"Furthermore , new research has proposed that HCQ may prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection by inhibiting its binding with ganglioside ( Fantini et al. 2020 ) ."
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"HCQ restricts SARS-CoV-2 infection by increasing endosomal pH that disrupts SARS-CoV-2 envelope fusion ( requires acidic pH ) with endosome membrane phospholipids and subsequent release of its sRNA genome ."
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"It was reported that both chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine could inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro by blocking the entry stage and post-entry stages of virus invasion [ 12 ] ."
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"This finding has been consistently replicated in the PEP CoV2 Study , which showed that HCQ could not prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection ( ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier : NCT04304053 , https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04304053 ) ."
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"At the beginning of the pandemic , CQ and HCQ were used to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection by some people ."
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"Very recently , it has been proposed that both CQ and HCQ could inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection through their ability to bind to sialic acids linked to host cell surface gangliosides , thereby preventing interaction between these co-receptors and the S protein [ 56 ] ."
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"Also , micro-CT-derived biomarkers showed no difference in lung 356 pathology between untreated and treated sentinel hamsters ( Fig. 3G ) , further confirming that 357 hydroxychloroquine and favipiravir failed to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection in a transmission 358 model ."
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"Hence , we cautiously concluded that chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine prevented SARS-CoV-2 infection by inhibition of Mpro in addition to the well-known mechanism of abrogation of viral endocytosis ."
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"Recently , hydroxychloroquine was found to efficiently inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro through an anti-inflammatory mechanism ( 48 ) ."
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"Likewise , HCQ inhibited in vitro SARS-CoV-2 infection , suggesting that this drug , also due to its anti-inflammatory function , has a good potential to combat the disease with less toxic effects compared to CQ ( 102 , 103 ) ."
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"Therefore , we speculate that HCQ may not be used to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and asymptomatic when virus is replicating , may only be effective for patients with mild symptoms , but not for severe cases with inflammatory cytokine storm and multiple organ damage ."
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