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PTEN inhibits MTOR. 398 / 414
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"HSCs lacking Pten, a phosphatase that inactivates PI3-K signaling and negatively regulates the mTOR pathway, also display increased cell cycle activity and impaired self-renewal capacity, with Pten deficient mice succumbing to leukemia XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR."
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"Research has demonstrated that M2-Exos have a strong ability to promote angiogenesis during the healing of skin injuries.90–92 Lyu et al found that M2-Exos can enhance the vascularization of endothelial cells by transferring miR-21, which suppresses PTEN expression in these cells and activates the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway."
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"PTEN regulates the activity of mTOR through the Akt pathway, and together with TSC2, PTEN is downregulated in approximately 75% of PNETS, resulting in shorter disease-free and overall survival rates [[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
31054326
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"One hypothesis is that the loss of PTEN activates a rapamycin-sensitive mTOR growth pathway, sensitizing such transformed cells to the drug."
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"The phosphatase and tension protein homolog (PTEN) is also known to downregulate mTOR pathway via both PI3K and AKT."
29934975
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"Endogenous tau enables mTOR activation through a disinhibition mechanism whereby tau inhibits phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted chromosome 10 (PTEN), which normally inhibits mTOR (Tai et al., 2020; Figure 3)."
35923547
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"Thus PTEN, by suppressing PI3K and Akt signaling, also suppresses the downstream mTOR kinase activity."
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"However, Magee et al. elegantly demonstrated that after PTEN deletion, which activates the mTOR-signalling pathway, deletion of Rictor abrogates leukaemogenesis and HSC depletion in adult, but not neonatal, mice [53], highlighting that the PTEN-mTORC2 signalling axis has a role in activating these processes in a temporally dependent manner."
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"Additionally, our experiments confirmed that CBX2 inhibits the expression of PTEN through recruitment of EZH2 and increases the trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) level of the PTEN promoter, thus activating the AKT/mTOR pathway."
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"Moreover, mutations in the PTEN gene that indirectly repress the mTOR pathway are responsible for spectrum phenotypes including ASD with macrocephaly."
30627967
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"158 In addition, the phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN), a tumor suppressor, suppresses glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, lipid synthesis, and pyrimidine synthesis by blocking AKT and mTOR signaling."
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"PTEN promoter methylation correlates with decreased PTEN protein expression, which often increases AKT and mTOR pathway activation in tumor progression [XREF_BIBR]."
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"PTEN deletion activates the Akt/mTOR pathway, which induces autophagy inhibition and increases of protein synthesis, both of which enhance ER stress (41–43)."
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"PTEN deletion enhances mTOR signaling and increases dendritic aborization in cortical neurons [XREF_BIBR]."
29789464
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"Mutations in PTEN, TSC1/TSC2, and AKT1-3 often disrupt the mTOR pathway, complicating the genetic landscape of PanNETs."
40158667
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"Thus, AAV infects, and PTEN restricts mTOR signaling in, most if not all RGC subtypes."
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"As a result, PTEN is upregulated to repress AKT and mTOR activity and then activates autophagy, sequentially reversing sorafenib resistance."
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"More recently, Yin et al. found that miR-221 mediated tumour cell proliferation and resistance to adriamycin by inhibiting the expression of PTEN, which upregulated the activation of the Akt/mTOR pathway in a breast cancer cell line [108]."
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"PTEN is well-known to negatively regulate Akt and mTOR pathway [XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR]."
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"Reduction of PTEN activates the PI3K and mTOR signaling pathway."
23595747
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"Similarly in our study, knockdown of the PTEN not only restrained the levels of autophagy related protein to increase the viability, but also activate the AKT and MTOR pathway in NMDA treated RGCs."
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"On the one hand, PTEN induces the inhibition of AKT kinase and mTOR kinase and inhibits the proliferation of endothelial progenitor cells [175,176]."
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"Likewise, activation of Akt/mTOR signaling, either by introduction of constitutively active Akt [45] or by deletion of the negative Akt regulator Pten [46] or the mTOR inhibitor tuberous sclerosis com[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
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"These findings suggest that CBX2 promotes cell proliferation and chemoresistance by inhibiting PTEN expression and activating the AKT/mTOR signalling pathway."
39114365
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"Loss of functional PTEN results in increased mTOR signaling and promotes cellular proliferation."
24077915
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"The present study showed that overexpression and knockdown of PTEN led to inactivation and activation of mTOR and GSK-3beta, respectively, and overrode the effect of miR-19a on axonal outgrowth."
23595747
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"Another example is the tumor suppressor gene Pten, known to negatively regulate the activity of the PI3K and mTOR pathway, which is involved in various cancers [XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR]."
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"Deleterious mutations or loss of PTEN, activates AKT/mTOR signaling and has been implicated in resistance to EGFR TKIs[11]."
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"Our findings suggest that PTEN gene copy number loss, which is highly prevalent in HNSCC, may result in sustained PI3K and mTOR signaling independent of EGFR, thereby representing a promising mechanistic biomarker predictive of cetuximab resistance in this cancer type."
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"We have previously shown that mTORC1 activity, detected as phosphorylation of 4E‐BP1, is transiently increased in mouse fibroblasts following hypoosmotic exposure, that is, mTOR activity is significantly increased and boosted by PTEN inhibition within minutes following osmotic cell swelling but reduced following prolonged (4 h/24 h) hypotonic adaptation (Lambert et al. 2014)."
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"Although we previously showed that PTEN loss can upregulate the mTOR/c-Myc axis in pNETs and that c-Myc activation may upregulate VEGFC to promote lymphangiogenesis in pNETs [9, 18]."
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"Several studies indicate that wild type p53 triggers the autophagic machinery in human cancer cells involving many pathways as the stimulation of the nutrient energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinas[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
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"An increase in H3K27me3 level of the PTEN promoter region mediated by EZH2 increases the transcription of the silenced PTEN gene and activates the AKT/mTOR pathway (Jarome et al., 2018) CBX2 mainly targets PRC1 to chromatin, and the C-terminal multi-comb receptor box of CBX2 can specifically recognize H3K27me3, thus enhancing the inhibition of gene expression (Ma et al., 2014)."
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"Examining the potential molecular mechanism, we found that CBX2 inhibits PTEN transcription by recruiting EZH2 to regulate the H3K27me3 level of the PTEN promoter and thus activates the AKT/mTOR pathway to accelerate glioma progression and TMZ chemoresistance."
39114365
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"In addition, PTEN over-expression or Akt inhibition suppressed mTOR activity, thereby increasing LC3-2 expression in IPF fibroblasts."
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"Experiments to identify miR-21 targets have shown that PTEN is downregulated, suggesting an activation of mTOR and the oncogenic properties of miR-21 in TNBC, with increased proliferation and invasion by TNBC cells."
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"MTOR is inhibited, in part, by two tumor-suppressor proteins, TSC2 and PTEN."
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"However, PTEN can inhibit Akt and mTOR signaling [XREF_BIBR]."
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"Alternatively, it is possible that the effects on the PI3K and mTOR pathway mediated by PTEN loss are not reflected in steady-state levels of these various phosphorylated proteins or that PTEN loss results in effects on prostate cancer in addition to the PI3K and mTOR pathway (eg, c-Jun N-terminal kinase [JNK] signaling and/or enhancer of zeste homolog 2 [EZH2] overexpression)."
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"PTEN loss and simultaneous activation of AKT and mTOR signaling is frequently observed in human ovarian carcinomas."
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"Taken together, these findings suggest microRNA-221 suppresses PTEN transcription and activates Akt and mTOR pathway, which in turn enhances breast cancer resistance to adriamycin and promotes cancer development."
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"Interestingly, it has been shown recently that loss of Pten induces ER UDPase ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 5 (ENTPD5), and activation of the AKT and mTOR pathway leads to induction of pyruvate kinase isoenzyme type M2 (PKM2), which contribute to aerobic glycolysis, also known as the Warburg effect, and tumor growth in a xenograft model of prostate cancer."
25176644
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"We show that in KRAS-driven murine PDAC cells, loss of Pten strongly enhances both mTOR signaling and macropinocytosis."
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"Thus, ICIs targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis stand out as promising candidates to improve the clinical activity of CDK inhibitors.Several human tumors are driven by gain-of-function mutations in KRAS , PI[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
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"109 Loss of PTEN would therefore augment mTOR signaling, further highlighting the central importance of the mTOR axis in many forms of RCC, including BHD, tuberous sclerosis and MiTF-tRCC.The clinical[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
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"Kaempferol Protects Against Cadmium Chloride Induced Memory Loss and Hippocampal Apoptosis by Increased Intracellular Glutathione Stores and Activation of PTEN and AMPK Induced Inhibition of Akt and mTOR Signaling."
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"MTOR can be inhibited by rapamycin via interaction with its receptor FK506-binding protein 12, and is activated by PI3K and PTEN loss; eventually this initiates carcinogenesis and subsequent progression via the oxygen and nutrient supply through the upregulation of HIF1α expression and promotion of angiogenesis (63,64)."
34779504
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"PTEN downregulates cytoplasmic mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity and plays an important role in regulating the regeneration of corticospinal neurons (Terenzio et al., 2018)."
37744256
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"The tumour suppressor protein phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) reverses PIP3 to PIP2 and antagonizes the PI3K–AKT mTOR pathway [43]."
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"In vivo results showed that SP1 knockdown suppressed tumor growth, increased PTEN expression, and decreased AKT/mTOR pathway-related protein levels."
37666229
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"Moreover, siRNA knockdown of PTEN increased PI3Kdelta levels and activated AKT/mTOR signaling, while overexpression of PTEN reduced PI3Kdelta levels and inhibited AKT/mTOR signaling in cancer cells."
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"VO-OHpic, an inhibitor of PTEN, relieves the inhibition of the mTOR signaling pathway, weakens lipid metabolism, and effectively promotes the activation of anti-tumor immunity after chemotherapy [86]."
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"Taken together, these results suggested that PTEN negatively regulates PI3Kdelta-L and its downstream AKT/mTOR signaling, while PI3Kdelta-S promotes AKT/mTOR signaling without regulation by PTEN."
37670888
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"In addition, the PTEN gene can inhibit mTOR activity by negatively regulating the PI3K and Akt signaling pathway, therefore inhibiting cancer cell proliferation, promoting apoptosis and reversing multidrug resistance."
29163680
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"The PTEN phosphatase controls the levels of PIP 3 induced by growth factor activation of PI3 kinase, and acts to negatively regulate mTOR activity."
18728656
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"Our in vitro studies demonstrated that PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog) overexpression deactivated mTOR activity and induced 661W cone cell apoptosis."
30442943
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"Deletion of phosphatase and tensin homolog ( Pten ) augments mTOR signaling and enhances the intrinsic regenerative response of injured corticospinal neurons after SCI."
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"Specifically, YAP facilitates communication between the Hippo and PI3K-TOR pathways by inhibiting PTEN, which is a suppressor of mTOR, thereby influencing their interplay (Xu et al. 2021) (Fig. 1)."
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"Li et al. (2022) marked RGC axons that regrew moderate distances (> 1 mm) following Pten deletion (Pten CKO), which stimulates axon outgrowth by activating PI3K/mTOR signaling."
38051872
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"These findings imply that the inhibition of PTEN activates the AKT/mTOR and transforming growth factor-beta-Smad2/3 pathways, thereby diminishing the protective effect of MgH against renal injury."
40251018
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"Patients with this germline variant are more likely to acquire somatic mutations in PTEN, a tumor suppressor gene, which suppresses mTOR signaling activity (Figure 1F) [11]."
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"In this study, we demonstrated that PTEN overexpression in 661W cone cells deactivated mTOR and its downstream target S6K1 activity and induced the 661W cone cell apoptosis in vitro."
30442943
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"The tumor-suppressor phosphatase PTEN negatively regulates the mTOR pathway ."
30442943
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"Previous studies have shown that PTEN deletion up-regulate mTOR activity and promote axon regeneration in retinal ganglion cells and corticospinal neurons ."
30442943
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"The PTEN gene inhibits tumor growth by negatively regulating PI3K and its downstream targets (mTOR/AKT, etc.)."
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"Consistent with these previous reports, our in vitro data from 661W cone cells confirmed that PTEN activity downregulated the mTOR pathway and induced 661W cone cell apoptosis, indicating the important role of the mTOR signaling in 661W cone cell survival."
30442943
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"The exposure of CD4+ T cells to PD-L1 coated microbeads has been shown to result in an increase in expression of the phosphatase PTEN, which antagonizes PI3-kinase and mTOR function by facilitating the degradation of PIP 3."
22556133
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"On the other hand, the natural inhibitor of PI3K/Akt, the enzyme PTEN (tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog), reduces the activity of this pathway by interfering with PI3K and negatively affecting mTOR signals."
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"PTEN negatively regulates the PI3K/AKT pathway and indirectly repress mTOR pathway."
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"XREF_BIBR PTEN inhibits Akt and mTOR and MAPK signaling, leading to cell death and growth regulation."
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"It appears that miR-21 reduces the expression of PTEN to activate Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, leading to glucose uptake and lactate generation, and subsequent increased malignancy and proliferation of[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
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"Loss of the lipid phosphatase PTEN and/or activating mutations in the PI3K catalytic subunit PIK3CA are also commonly found, which altogether drive downstream activation of oncogenic RAS/MAPK and AKT/mTOR signaling, among other crucial pathways involved in growth and survival of glioblastoma (Brennan et al., 2013; McLendon et al., 2008)."
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"On the other hand, it was shown that the PTEN could negatively regulate STAT3 and mTOR [151]."
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"As a critical intracellular regulator of the cellular responses [57–59] , PTEN deletion prevents injury-induced down-regulation of mTOR and promotes the regeneration of the injured axons [40] ."
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"The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is frequently activated in breast cancer brain metastases due to PTEN loss of function and frequent PIK3CA, AKT and mTOR activating mutation, as evidenced in our meta-analysis."
36980614
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"Loss of PTEN in NSCLC drives the hyperactivation of PI3K/Akt and downstream mTOR, thus regulating multiple cellular functions."
32528035
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"Knockdown of CUL2 increased MAF1 and PTEN expression, decreased AKT/mTOR signaling pathway activity, and relieved damage to the BBB."
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"In contrast, complete deletion of PTEN, which therefore activated the AKT/mTOR pathways and resulted in a 30% increase in protein synthesis, also abolished HSC functions."
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"It is said that Lkb1 and PTEN are able to synergistically inhibit mTOR to disrupt nuclear translocation of Snail and EMT induction, leading to suppression of tumorigenesis ( Shorning et al., 2011 )."
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"The PTEN and TSC2 tumor suppressors function to antagonize mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) activation by Akt; hence, compound heterozygous inactivation of Pten and Tsc2 in the mouse may in principle exacerbate the tumor phenotypes observed in the single mutants in a reciprocal manner."
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"A representative example to manipulate a cell-intrinsic pathway is deletion of PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog), an inhibitor of the mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) pathway for cell growth and metabolism ; PTEN deletion upregulates mTOR pathways and can enhance axon regeneration in damaged nervous tissue, including the optic nerve and CST neurons ."
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"Smurf1-increased cytosolic PTEN leads to a decreased mTOR signal and further increases sensitivity to DNA damage."
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"Furthermore, p53 activates genes such as AMP activated protein kinase beta, tuberin and PTEN to suppress the mTOR (nutrient sensor) signaling pathway, which participates in aerobic glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation."
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"16 Although PI3K/AKT/mTOR is not a downstream molecule of PTEN, loss of PTEN activity has been reported to enhance the activity of AKT and mTOR, and the activation of these molecules may be involved in reducing the killing effect of gefitinib on tumor cells."
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"Interestingly, Gal increased the expression of tumour suppressor protein pTEN and suppressed the expression of AKT, PI3K, and mTOR proteins involved in the cancer proliferation pathway."
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"Following the inhibition of miR-21, an increase in the expression of PTEN occurs to suppress PI3K/mTOR axis and interfere with gastric tumor progression [63] ."
36423787
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"The overexpression of miR-29a inhibits PTEN expression, activates the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, suppresses autophagy, and ultimately leads to cardiac hypertrophy [61]."
40002810
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"More specifically, it is believed that loss of PTEN, a tumor suppressor gene, causes dysregulation of the mTOR pathway, leading to tumorigenesis [12]."
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"Interestingly, alpha-RGC are among the few in the retina that respond positively to the mTOR pathway activation (either by Pten deletion or the overexpression of IGF-1 (Duan et al., 2015)."
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"PTEN is an important down-regulator of Akt and mTOR, a pathway that is involved in MTC tumorigenesis."
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"We therefore performed an electrophysiological and morphological comparison of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons in which mTOR signaling was either increased by loss of the repressor Pten or decreased by treatment with rapamycin."
22895726
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"Dysfunction or deletion of tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) can increase the incidence of deleterious mutations and activate AKT/mTOR signaling, thereby inhibiting autophagic death of tumor cells and promoting their proliferation and survival (Glaviano et al., 2023)."
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"Despite the assumption that PTEN suppression increased neurite outgrowth by activating mTOR, rapamycin, an inhibitor of mTOR had no impact on neurite outgrowth."
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"44 In contrast, PTEN dependent downregulation of mTOR signaling and subsequent activation of autophagy might be pro survival responses that enable MSNs to survive for a certain time in stress conditions."
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"Pten loss can induce increased synaptic release (52), and postsynaptic mTOR activation can increase the strength of glutamatergic synapses (53)."
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"We therefore decided to compare the primary effects of altered mTOR signaling on synaptic transmission in both glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons by characterizing autaptic cultures of neurons in which mTOR activity was increased by loss of the negative regulator Pten or decreased by treatment with the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin."
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"XREF_BIBR PTEN, a dual-specificity phosphatase and tumor suppressor gene, inhibits Akt and mTOR and MAPK signaling, leading to cell death and growth regulation."
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"Activation of PI3K induces the AKT–mTOR signaling pathway, which is negatively regulated by phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), and controls cell survival and metabolism throughout B cell development and activation [176]."
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"PTEN gene exhibited nonsense mutation Y16X in one patient, resulting in a truncated PTEN protein which is unable to inhibit the PIK3/mTOR pathway.21 Although there was little overlap of genetic alterations identified by different studies, most of the genomic studies have reported the TP53 gene as frequently mutated in ONB patients, suggesting that a complex signaling network regulated by p53 can be a potential therapeutic target (Table 2)."
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"PTEN also indirectly inhibits the activity of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) (He and Jin, 2016)."
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"MTOR signaling is positively regulated by IGFR and Akt, and negatively regulated by AMPK and PTEN."
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"However, there is a concern that in Treg, which overexpress PD-1 in the TME, PDL-1 signaling up-regulates PTEN expression, blocks the Akt and mTOR pathway and activates STAT5 and STAT3 signaling, leading to expansion of Treg and promoting their suppressive functions."
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"Normally, PTEN inhibits mTOR signaling by blocking the activity of PI3K, an upstream effector of mTOR."
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"PTEN and SOCS3 deletions as well as the growth factors ' (OPN, IGF1 and CNTF) overexpression activate mTOR signaling (XREF_FIG a)."
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"Among these alterations, the loss of the tumor suppressor PTEN is a common occurrence and negatively regulates the mTOR pathway (Figure 1)."
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"XREF_BIBR PTEN, a dual-specificity phosphatase and tumor suppressor gene, inhibits Akt and mTOR and MAPK signaling, leading to cell death."
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"Loss of PTEN and consequent elevation of AKT activity can promote both mTOR as well as AR dependent proliferation."
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"MTOR is negatively regulated by the tumor suppressor PTEN, which is mutated or down-regulated in many cancers, including ccRCC."
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"Infection with recombinant rNDV-PTEN treatment increased PTEN protein expression in the cytoplasm of the U87-MG cells, reduced cell proliferation and migration, and induced apoptosis by inhibiting the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway."
39492938
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"A mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) controlled autophagy process and was suppressed by a dimer of tuberous sclerosis 1 and 2 (TSC1/TSC2) and PTEN."
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"A previous study reported that PTEN activation inhibits AKT and mTOR signaling in DN pathological injury [XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR]."
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"ROS signaling, often in the presence of hypoxia, activates PTEN which inhibits the PI3 kinase and mTOR pathway, thus promoting autophagic flux."
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"Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) deletion in the liver activates the AKT/mTOR pathway, which induces autophagy inhibition and increases protein synthesis, both of which enhance ER stress [176]."
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"To assess whether PTEN deletion elevates neuronal mTOR activity, we injected AAV-Cre into the sensorimotor cortex of PTEN f/f mice at P1 and examined the p-S6 signal in the adult."
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"It is believed that PTEN negatively regulates the activity of PI3k/Akt and mTOR signaling cascades that regulate cell proliferation, development, survival, and metabolism [65]."
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"The ability of rNDV-PTEN to restore PTEN expression in U87-MG cells and inhibit the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, leading to the inhibition of cell migration and apoptosis, emphasizes its potential efficacy in the GBM cells."
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"Induction of the phosphatase PTEN was elevated in cells from IL37-tg [XREF_BIBR]; as discussed in [XREF_BIBR], PTEN inhibits the PK3 kinase, mTOR, MAPK and FADK pathways."
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"PTEN loss or PI3K mutation have been shown to induce mTOR activation and mediate trastuzumab resistance [XREF_BIBR]."
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"PTEN phosphatase activity negatively regulates the PI3K-AKT/PKB and mTOR signaling pathway and, thus, promotes cell survival over cell growth [42]."
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"Notably, forced expression of PTEN in GIST-T1R cells negatively regulated the Akt and mTOR pathways and sensitized these cells to sunitinib mediated growth arrest and apoptosis."
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"On the other side, PTEN deletion in these neurons could increase mTOR activity and promote their regrowth ability."
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"PTEN and SOCS3 are endogenous inhibitors of mTOR and Jak/Stat signaling, respectively, and CNTF activates Jak/Stat signaling."
35767994
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"Recent studies have reported that the deletion or inhibition of PTEN can activate the mTOR signaling, thereby exerting neuroprotective effects following nervous system injury [XREF_BIBR - XREF_BIBR]."
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"Similarly, in early, pre-AD DS, brain insulin resistance develop is associated with mTOR hyper-activation which appears to be driven by PTEN inhibition [274]."
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"PINK1, a mitochondrial serine/threonine kinase that recruits parkin to target and rid cells of damaged, dysfunctional mitochondria by autophagy [286], may have a critical role in PTEN-mediated impairments of mTOR signaling."
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"XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR This induces histone modifications (H3K27me3), which represses PTEN transcription and activates the PI3KAKT and mTOR signaling pathway."
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"As previously reported, Akt and mTOR could be inhibited by upstream phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and the loss of either PTEN or tuberous sclerosis complex 1 (TSC1) would lead to constitutive activation of mTOR and exert significant neuroprotection and axon growth-promoting effects upon damaged retinal ganglion cells."
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"PTEN, a well-known tumor suppressor that is competitively regulated by GAS5 in the subpathway region, inhibits the cancer related IGF-1 and mTOR pathway."
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"Currently, sirolimus (mTOR inhibitor) is the most commonly used targeted therapy for complex congenital LM [25] , though in acquired LM its role is uncertain as the mTOR pathway may already be suppres[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
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"After SCI, the deletion of PTEN or its function promoted the activity of downstream PI3K/Akt and mTOR signaling pathways, enhanced axonal regeneration after SCI, decreased the atrophy of motor neurons, and improved nerve survival."
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"In addition to FXS and RTT, a number of genetic susceptibilities have been linked to elevated autism risk including maternal 15q11-13 chromosomal duplications, anomalies in the tumor suppressor genes NF1, TSC1 and TSC2, and PTEN that activate mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathways, and mutations in a range of synaptic genes such as the neurexins, neuroligins, SHANK3 and CNTNAP2."
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"PTEN, another tumor suppressor, inhibits mTOR through inactivation of AKT [XREF_BIBR]."
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"3.3 Inhibition of PTEN promotes axon growth in IB4 + neurons independent of mTOR."
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"Further, the downregulation of the tumor suppressor Pten that activates the Akt–mTOR pathway in the zebrafish retina is also pivotal in Müller glia reprogramming [152]."
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"When reducing the growth rate of glioblastoma cells, curcumin promotes expression of PTEN that suppresses Akt/mTOR axis [55] ."
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"In HCC induced by non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), terbinafine promotes SQLE degradation via autophagy and subsequently restores PTEN expression, effectively inhibiting the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway [174]."
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"Loss of PTEN leads to the constitutive activation of AKT/mTOR signaling."
36122306
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"Studies have shown that both miR-4465 and miR-181b can inhibit the expression of PTEN to activate the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and activate autophagy in cells [168, 169]."
38058356
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"This is often related to elevated mTOR activity caused by loss-of-function mutations in the tumor suppressors LKB1, PTEN, or TSC."
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"Recently, mTOR activation by Pten or Tsc1 knockout was shown to promote the regenerative capacity of injured axons XREF_BIBR."
20062052
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"PTEN has been shown to negatively regulate mTOR to induce autophagy in a variety of cell types XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR, and is activated by ATM in response to DNA damage to induce autophagy 33."
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"These results indicated that removal of PTEN inhibition activated the mTOR pathway and generated more lactate."
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"PTEN deletion activates the PI3K and mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) pathway, which controls cell growth and size by regulating capdependent protein translation initiation."
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"While the prevalence of autophagy defects in HCC is not yet known, mutations such as pten loss that constitutively activates the PI3-kinase pathway and mTOR that inhibits autophagy are common."
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"Besides, it was reported that berberine can reduce the expression level of PTEN and increase the activation of Akt and mTOR in MCF-7/ADR cells."
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"Our data suggest that UA inhibits miR-21 expression and increases PTEN expression, which in turn inhibits Akt and mTOR and restores normal levels of autophagy."
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"PI3K mutations or PTEN loss in NSCLC, squamous cell lung carcinoma, breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers results in constitutive AKT/mTOR activation, which consequently augments PD-L1 production."
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"Previous research has demonstrated that PTEN, through its phosphatase activity, inhibits the PI3K‐AKT‐mTOR pathway and acts as a tumor suppressor in various cancer cells."
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"PTEN antagonizes the PI3K–AKT–mTOR pathway and regulates numerous cellular processes including cell survival and proliferation."
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"Finally, as expected, many of these FluoroGold labeled RGCs also expressed DCX (XREF_SUPPLEMENTARY), a young-neuron marker up-regulated by Sox11 alone (XREF_FIG) and phospho-S6 (XREF_SUPPLEMENTARY), an mTOR activity indicator up-regulated by PTEN deletion."
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"PI3K/Akt/mTOR is inhibited by Phosphatase and Tensin homolog (PTEN), reducing mTOR kinase activity."
37033990
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"Since PTEN inhibition was previously shown to activate mTOR and promote neuronal survival and axon regeneration, we thus examined whether a genetic knockout of c-myc might affect the axon regeneration induced by shRNA mediated PTEN silencing."
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"RAD001 is also able to inhibit proliferation of different tumor cell lines in vitro, including breast cancer cells.Mutations of tumor suppressor and Akt/mTOR antagonist PTEN are found in 40–50% of end[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
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"PTEN inhibition activates mTOR."
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"As it is central to multiple tumorigenic pathways, downregulation of mTOR pathway inhibitors such as PTEN and TSC2 was a highly significant finding (~ 85%) in a gene expression profiling of PNETs, even in the absence of a pathway specific mutation."
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"Downregulation of SRSF1 in cells was correlated with PTEN levels, in which the normal function is to suppress mTOR activity."
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"Another frequent disregulation in RCC is the loss of PTEN, which stimulates mTOR through enhancement of the PI3K and Akt pathway."
20207176
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"The mTOR pathway can be activated by mutations in the PI3K, mTOR or AKT genes; loss of PTEN, NF-1, PIK3CA, VHL, TSC2, or TSC1; or constitutive activation of Ras, Src, Raf, or MEK [XREF_BIBR - XREF_BIBR]."
26756023
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"Similar effects of ezetimibe have been noted in other tumor bearing models if mice are fed a low-fat, low-cholesterol diet.30 Although PTEN deficiency can increase cholesterol synthesis by activating the mammalian target of rapamycin and its downstream targets PPAR-gamma, srebp-1 and srebp-2,31 the increase in serum cholesterol levels was mild in Pten Deltahep mice."
30520543
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"In an in vitro and in vivo experiment, the venom upregulated the expression of PTEN and BAX to inhibit the growth of subcutaneous H tumors in mice and downregulated PI3K, AKT and mTOR to inhibit tumor cell proliferation [44]."
31210759
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"In this Research Topic, multiple studies have demonstrated the role and mechanism of engineered extracellular vesicles in promoting tissue healing and inflammatory regulation, and introduced the cutting-edge methods for preparing engineered extracellular vesicles.In terms of the mechanism of tissue repairing by EVs, Lyu et al. demonstrated that M2-EXO enhanced the angiogenic ability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro by transferring miR-21-5p, which inhibited PTEN expression and activated the AKT/mTOR pathway."
37560534
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"PTEN inhibits AKT–mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) pathways, resulting in the upregulation of autophagy."
36936313
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"In the second study, targeted miR-17-92 expression to B cells (miR-17-92 Tg/Tg; CD19 Cre) also induced B-cell lymphoma development, followed by PTEN down-regulation and enhancement of the mTOR pathway, altogether, showing a potent oncogenic role for miR-17-92 per se."
26442266
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"One approach examined the loss of Pten, which inhibits mTOR signaling, from MGE progenitor cells using Nkx2.1-Cre, which begins to express in cells including MGE progenitors (Xu et al., 2008)."
36998738
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"Importantly, PTEN knockdown by siRNA in MDSCs also led to activation of the PI3K pathway, which was implicated by increased mRNA expression of its downstream effectors AKT, mTOR, and NF-kB (Figure 7L), as well as AKT, mTOR, NF-kB, p-AKT, p-mTOR proteins (Figure 7M and N)."
31190980
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"Loss of PTEN also activates the mTOR pathway, causing senescence [XREF_BIBR]."
22246147
sparser
"PTEN upregulation—with consequent inhibition of mTOR and PD-L1—has been documented in mice injected with PC-cells overexpressing chemerin (PTEN activator)."
| PMC
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"These findings suggest that PTEN deficiency accelerates cell cycle progression, induces AKT/mTOR signaling and promotes ESC self-renewal."
38627382
reach
"Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) mutation in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients causes abnormally high activity of the pathways of Phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases (PI3K), Protein Kinase B (AKT), and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and is associated with unfavorable prognosis."
23564811
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"Indeed, PTEN loss is known to activate PI3K and mTOR pathway and it has recently been shown that SPOP mut can do the same."
30333152
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"The regulation of HSCs and leukemic cells might be governed by cell-context-dependent, PTEN mediated inhibition of mTOR [XREF_BIBR]."
19115995
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"PTEN-deficient tumors have been reported to have enhanced sensitivity to the inhibition of mTOR pathways ."
37072571
reach
"It has been reported that ERbeta can regulate mTOR activation via multiple mechanisms, such as increasing PTEN expression and decreasing phosphorylation of AKT [XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR]."
27863380
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"PTEN inhibition or elevated insulin-like growth factor1 (IGF1) activates mTOR signaling, which is required for reprogramming MÜller cells [54]."
38627382
reach
"These data demonstrated that the mTOR-AKT axis is absolutely required for polyposis induced by mesenchymal Pten deletion.However, unlike mTOR requirement in the Gli1 ;Pten mice, the mice carrying the concurrent deletion of both LKB1 and mTOR (Gli1 ;LKB1 ;mTOR ) still robustly developed hamartomatous polyps at the GI junction (Figures 4I and 4J)."
35858546
reach
"p53-K activates PTEN expression to down-regulate AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.Additionally, the G2/M-phase checkpoint activation results in the activation of phosphorylated histone H2AX (γ−H2AX) and the ATM pathway."
37048159
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"Similarly, phosphorylation of the eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein, a direct mTOR target, was reduced in TIF-IA D1RCre mice, supporting that upregulation of PTEN impairs mTOR function in MSNs (XREF_FIG)."
23764776
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"Here we demonstrate that mTOR activity in Ehrlich Lettre ascites (ELA) cells is transiently increased within minutes following osmotic cell swelling and that inhibition of phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphatase (PTEN) counteracts the upstream phosphatidylinositol kinase and potentiates mTOR activity."
24696147
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"PTEN in turn downregulates mTOR and induces autophagy, which may alleviate metabolic impairment caused by abrogation of ribosome biogenesis."
23764776
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"As a negative regulator of mTOR, PTEN deletion activates the PI3K/mTOR pathway, and is involved in regulating protein synthesis and cell survival (Liu et al., 2010; Park et al., 2008)."
35620420
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"Inducing a hyperactive mTOR by the deletion of Pten in adult-born granule cells is sufficient to cause epileptogenesis [80,81]."
38927072
reach
"PTEN is a potent inhibitor of PI3K-Akt and mTOR [116,117]."
37108779
reach
"GSK-3β- and CK2-mediated phosphorylation of PTEN slows its proteasome degradation and thereby negatively impacts mTOR [118,119,120]."
37108779
sparser
"One of the major signaling pathways playing a role in the onset and progression of this disease is PI3K/Akt/mTOR, which can be inhibited by PTEN."
30132256
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"42,43 Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) negatively regulates mTOR signaling through down-regulation of Akt function, and mTOR thus constitutively is hyperactivated in Pten null MEFs."
25980751
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"PTEN deletion in young animals prevents axotomy induced reduction of mTOR activity and promotes the regeneration of retinal ganglion and CST axons after injury [XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR]."
27818358
reach
"Mutated or down-regulated in many advanced cancers [XREF_BIBR], PTEN loss activates the PI3K-AKT [XREF_BIBR] signaling pathway and its downstream target mTOR, with important implications in RCC development and therapeutic selection [XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR]."
20420713
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"It has been reported that mTOR signaling activity in adult retinal ganglion cells is downregulated after optic nerve injury, while knockdown of TSC1 or PTEN, the two upstream regulators of mTOR, reactivates mTOR signaling and promotes robust axon regeneration."
36402285
reach
"We tested the potential of eFT226, a sequence-selective inhibitor of eIF4A-mediated translation, in the treatment of mTOR hyperactive cells caused by the deletion of tuberous sclerosis complex 1/2 (TSC1/2) or phosphatase and TENsin homology (PTEN)."
35805935
reach
"PI3K-AKT and mTOR pathway is downregulated by PTEN, a tumor suppressor."
| PMC
reach
"Loss of PTEN, which is a tumor-suppressor gene that inhibits the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, causes the aberrant mTOR pathway activation."
23468988
reach
"PTEN suppresses tumor by counteracting the activation of PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases)/AKT/The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway through catalysing the dephosphorylation of PIP 3 (p[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
36099799
reach
"Similarly, Lv et al. reported that TGF-β1 elevates miR-181a expression and suppresses PTEN expression by enhancing Akt/mTOR signaling pathway to promote ASMC proliferation, migration, and extracellular matrix (ECM) secretion [41]."
35814272
reach
"Such studies suggest that the loss of PTEN in fact is not always sufficient to activate mTOR."
18759130
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"PTEN upregulation by Roquin inhibits mTOR signaling and suppresses the conversion of Treg to Tfr cells."
36599968
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"In LMS, aberrant PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling has been seen due to PTEN loss and amplifications of IGF1R, AKT, RICTOR, and mTOR (12)."
36969049
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"The negative correlation among PTEN, phos-AKT, and phos-S6 suggests a weak but significant effect of decreased PTEN expression in activating the mTOR pathway."
23273076
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"In mammalian cells, the inhibition of PTEN causes the activation of mTOR through AKT phosphorylation of TSC2."
36572189
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"As expected, the loss of both Lkb1 and Pten in these tumors activated the AKT and mTOR pathways, likely driving cellular proliferation and tumorigenesis."
24794706
reach
"The downstream mechanisms whereby PTEN deletion promotes axonal regrowth are well characterized : PTEN deletion activates the PI3K and mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) pathway, which controls cell[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
23211458
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"In this study, we revealed PTEN downregulated the activity of mTOR in renal IRI."
34242625
reach
"GH-induced decreased PTEN may trigger mTOR activity (44), stimulating cell proliferation and survival, while p53 deficiency may also enhance proliferation, exacerbating GH effects on DNA damage accumulation.In summary, excess GH secreted from somatotroph pituitary adenomas or GH induced locally in response to DNA damage, senescence, or inflammation (15) may alter the local microenvironment, providing a favorable milieu for non-transformed cells to acquire pro-proliferative mutations."
31939481
reach
"Deletion of Pten activates the PI3K and mTOR pathway, which controls cell growth and size by regulating cap dependent protein translation initiation."
27163547
reach
"Western blot analysis was used to determine the effect of combination therapy on the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MAPK pathways; it was revealed that the expression levels of p-PI3K, p-Akt, p-mTOR and Akt were downregulated, while the expression of the tumor suppressor regulator PTEN, which inhibits the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway (27), increased in the combination therapy group (Figs."
38904203
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"The most important function of PTEN is to inactivate the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway via conversion of PIP3 back to PIP2 [ 44 ]."
29710470
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"Previous studies have shown that inhibiting the mTOR kinase using rapamycin prior to learning blocks new memories from being formed.30, 31 Similarly, hyperactivation of mTOR caused by the genetic deletion of Pten can also lead to memory impairment.18 Thus, both increased and decreased mTOR activity can have detrimental effects on memory."
30525120
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"The correlation between PTEN loss and activation of mTOR signaling is well documented by our group and others [XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR - XREF_BIBR]; however, concurrent inactivation of PTEN protein and upregulation of clock genes, such as BMAL1, is a novel discovery."
27285754
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"Our work and the work of others have previously shown that disruption of PTEN results in activation of mTOR signaling [XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR]."
27285754
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"PI3K-Akt signaling is antagonized by PTEN, and loss of PTEN enhances mTOR activation."
25653651
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"Importantly, miR-21 activates the Akt/mTOR pathway by silencing of PTEN to inhibit autophagy, leading to elevated MMP-3 and MMP-9 expression and subsequent Col II and aggrecan degradation in human deg[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
29710470
reach
"PTEN negatively regulates the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)–AKT-rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway and is involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, survival, and metabolism [54,56]."
37759870
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"Inhibition of PTEN can activate the downstream AKT/mTOR pathway and promote the EMT of tumor cells [[39], [40], [41]]."
37303578
reach
"The Akt and mTOR pathway regulates many energy-expensive processes and is inhibited in quiescence and hibernation by the action of PTEN and TSC1/2 coupled with downstream RPP signaling."
33867999
sparser
"PTEN, another tumor suppressor, inhibits mTOR through inactivation of AKT [ xref ]."
24387336
reach
"Pten and Socs3 are endogenous inhibitors of mTOR and JAK/STAT signaling, respectively, and CNTF activates JAK/STAT signaling."
39695101
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"Accordingly, deletion of PTEN activates the Akt–mTOR signalling pathway, which accelerates myoblast proliferation and differentiation."
34431242
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"This was further observed alongside PTEN loss and overexpression of Akt and mTOR, suggesting activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in these tumours."
32725435
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"53 Additionally, studies have found that RNF146 results in the ubiquitination and degradation of phosphatase and tensin homolog which is recognized as a protein substrate of RNF146, to activate the Akt/mTOR pathway and promote tumor cell proliferation and glycolysis.54 Though the relationship of RNF146 and mitochondrial dysfunction and redox imbalance in immune cells has been extensively studied in sepsis, little is known about the function of RNF146 in trained immunity."
39881796
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"Overexpression of miR-4465 significantly inhibited the expression of PTEN, upregulated phosphorylated AKT, and thereby inhibited autophagy by activating mTOR in HEK293, HeLa, and SH-SY5Y cells."
33254041
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"Previous literature has shown that PTEN inhibits the Akt/mTOR pathway in the functional recovery after SCI [29]."
34381025
reach
"Loss of PTEN induces mTOR activation by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway, leading to cellular senescence ( Astle et al., 2012 )."
33587950
reach
"PTEN inhibits the PI3K-Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways."
38585419
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"FOXG1 significantly inhibited PTEN expression and induced Akt, mTOR phospho-activation."
37809713
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"The mechanism is associated with PTEN upregulation, which suppresses activation of Akt/mTOR signaling pathway."
35814272
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"Furthermore, loss or inactivation of phosphatase and tensin homolog, which inhibits activity of PI3K, and mutations of negative regulators of mTOR such as the tuberous sclerosis 1 and 2 complex, p53, [MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
22261336
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"PTEN and other targets are downregulated, resulting in constitutive activation of Akt and mTOR (Enomoto et al., 1991; Okuda et al., 2010)."
35264951
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"On one hand, our observation suggests that deletion of both Tgfbr1 and Pten will activate mTOR."
22859719
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"Also, patients with germinal mutations in phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN; a negative modulator of mTOR) have been observed in 11 out of 31 LDD patients and associated with granular cell hypertrophy."
27378854
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"The upregulation of PTEN levels in cancer cells suppressed the activation of AKT and mTOR, which play important roles in tumorigenesis [28–30] ."
20435406
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"Our results thus indicate that Pten deletion induces an mTOR mediated tumor suppressor response in hematopoietic cells, suppressing leukemogenesis and depleting HSCs."
21040901
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"The expression of these receptors is also controlled by mTOR signaling, which is also triggered by PTEN loss."
19808258
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"We next investigated whether PTEN activation could enhance sensitivityto PI3K and mTOR inhibition."
30654190
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"Loss of PTEN activates mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) through active AKT serine/threonine kinase (AKT)-mediated suppression of TSC1 and 2 complex, a suppressor of mTOR [19, 20]."
38459588
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"Li et al. (2021) demonstrated that dose‐dependent berberine treatment induces the PTEN gene expression and inhibits the production of PI3K, Akt, and mTOR proteins in SW‐480 cells."
39723045
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"Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is a negative regulator of PI3K and thus suppresses mTOR activation."
36856750
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"Deletion of Pten promotes mTOR activation and positively modulates regeneration of facial nerve and CST axons (Du et al., 2015; Meyer Zu Reckendorf et al., 2022)."
36856750
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"Genetic deletion of Tac1 and Pten genes in forebrain neurons in mice induces disinhibition of the mTOR pathway and development of seizure with significant reduction of autophagy (Meng et al. 2013)."
37880579
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"The same group revealed that concurrent activation of mTOR and Janus kinase and signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK and STAT3) pathways, by double inhibition of PTEN and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), are necessary for sustaining long distance axon regeneration in the adult CNS."
28485030
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"Conjunctiva melanomas displayed high expression of phospho-mTOR effectors in contrast with uvea melanomas, in which PTEN seemed to downregulate the mTOR pathway."
20173664
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"E2F7 served as a transcriptional activator of EZH2, thereby suppressing PTEN expression and activating Akt/mTOR signaling."
37058751
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"Here, we show that EpCAM overexpression inhibits PTEN expression and activates AKT and mTOR signalling in NPC cells."
29305578
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"Importantly, chronic stimulation shifts the equilibrium of the mTOR repressor PTEN to the inactive phosphorylated form suggesting a molecular transition to an axon growth state."
29729248
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"Because loss of PTEN leads to mTOR pathway activation, mTOR inhibitors may have an important clinical role in RCC associated with Cowden syndrome and PTEN -deficient sporadic RCC [77] ."
26036356
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"In particular, loss of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and activating mutations in the alpha subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase have been reported to activate the mechanistic target of rapamyc[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
32819718
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"Pten and Lkb1 have been revealed as potent tumor suppressors of endometrial cancer in experimental mouse models, both of which also converge on and negatively regulate mTOR signaling."
24322983
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"33–35 Loss of PTEN, which is observed in a subset of patients with poor risk RCC, can activate Akt/mTOR, leading to increased HIF expression."
17270598
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"PTEN plays a critical role in maintaining neural progenitor cells and data indicate that PTEN negatively regulates neural stem cell proliferation by activating the serine/threonine protein kinase mTOR[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
22677165
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"Loss of PTEN , commonly seen in high-grade gliomas, results in the activation of mTOR, which modifies the translation of a range of proteins required for cell cycle progression."
22677165
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"We found that GSCs were highly sensitive to proteasome inhibition due to an underlying dependency on an increased protein synthesis rate, and loss of autophagy, associated with PTEN loss and activation of the PI3K and mTOR pathway."
33428749
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"Indeed, RCC frequently shows alterations in this signaling pathway ( Porta et al., 2014 ); for example, mTOR activation through increased phospho-mTOR-S6 protein was observed in 60% of RCC samples exa[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
30447930
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"PTEN overexpression enhanced the mTOR inhibitory drug activity, the silencing of which hampers the process against KSHV-infected cells."
37602330
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"PTEN and LKB1 loss synergistically enhances the activation of AKT and mTOR pathway, promotes the proliferation of pNET cell lines and confers the attenuated sensitivity of pNET cells to mTOR inhibitors."
29228674
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"Conditional deletion of PTEN in adult RGC markedly promotes mTOR activation, leading to increased neurons survival and robust axons regeneration after ONI XREF_BIBR XREF_BIBR."
27886260
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"PTEN is a critical regulator of AKT/mTOR and usually inhibits the AKT/mTOR pathway [ 143 ]."
37336341
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"XREF_BIBR These effects are mediated, at least in part, through LC3 and by p53 dependent activation of mTOR suppressors such as AMPK beta and PTEN, and require DRAM."
25593583
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"Specifically, genomic profiling based on clinical-grade NGS could identify whether PTEN loss or other GAs activating the mTOR pathway are present alongside the BRAF fusion in a pilocytic astrocytoma of patient, thus suggesting a potential responsiveness to combined sorafenib and mTOR targeted therapy."
24422672
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"AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) signaling negatively regulate mTOR signaling to promote autophagy XREF_BIBR XREF_BIBR."
27251306
reach
"Deleting PTEN activates mTOR, which presumably leads to downstream changes in mRNA translation regulated by mTOR signaling."
26896833
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"PTEN overexpression is able to inhibit mTOR activity through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (PI3K/Akt/TSC2) pathway [68] ."
20193762
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"More specifically, upregulation of miRNA-21 decreases PTEN expression, causing increased activity of AKT and the mTOR kinase pathways."
33540837
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"We reasoned that Pten loss activates the mTOR signals to induce liver tumorigenesis, whereas Ube2f deletion would inactivate mTORC1 which should block tumorigenesis, if our in vitro cell culture work can be extended to an in vivo physiological setting."
39762645
reach
"Mechanically, Ataxin-3 inhibits the phosphatase and tensions homolog (PTEN) expression and then activates the AKT/mTOR pathway."
38177135
reach
"Although axon regeneration and functional recovery from CNS injuries are typically limited, knockdown or deletion of PTEN, a negative regulator of mTOR, increases mTOR activity and induces robust axon growth and regeneration."
28626016
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"Loss of PTEN expression usually results in activation of AKT and mTOR pathway due to its antagonizing function to the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, and activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway has been reported in human SGTs [XREF_BIBR]."
25909167
reach
"Inactivation of phosphatase and tensin homolog is associated with deregulation of the PI3K and Akt pathway and increased mammalian target of rapamycin signaling."
26612480
reach
"Loss of PTEN enhances mTOR signalling and FGF10 production, driving epidermal cell proliferation."
25467007
reach
"RCC frequently shows alterations in the mTOR signaling pathway, including the loss of PTEN, which stimulates mTOR through enhancement of the PI3K and Akt pathway [11].4."
28103447
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"In mouse endometrial and bladder cancers, loss of PTEN and LKB1 leads to activation of the AKT and mTOR pathway and results in tumors sensitivity to PI3K and mTOR inhibition."
29228674
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"Importantly, loss of PTEN results in increased AKT and mTOR signaling, suggesting that alterations in the mTOR and AKT pathways could also be therapeutically targeted in patients harboring PTEN loss."
25809148
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"Furthermore, PTEN deletion caused excessive activation of mTOR signaling pathway which was upregulated during epileptogenesis ( Hester, 2016 )."
31958564
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"In a mouse model of bladder cancer, Shorning et al. demonstrated that loss of LKB1 (upstream kinase of AMPKalpha) and PTEN synergizes to activate AMPK and mTOR and that rapamycin treatment reduced tumor burden in mice XREF_BIBR."
27916296
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"Lhermitte–Duclos disease (LDD) is an extremely rare, hereditary slow-growing cerebellar gangliocytoma due to aberrant mTOR signaling caused by mutated mTOR-inhibiting phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) gene."
36675042
reach
"We and others have previously demonstrated PTEN loss and activation of the mTOR pathway in urothelial carcinoma [XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR]."
23084634
eidos
"As PTEN blocks mTOR signaling ( Carracedo and Pandolfi 2008 ) , restraining cell proliferation , p53 , APC , and PTEN suppression may underlie pro-growth potentials of GH ."
37066857
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"In fact, CD11c specific deletion of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), an Akt inhibitor that blocks the PI3K and mTOR pathway, expands the cDCs and pDCs [XREF_BIBR]."
33810248
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"Also, the expressions of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) are significantly increased, which inhibits the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and promotes apoptosis after SCI (21)."
35669881
reach
"PTEN, a tumor suppressor gene, is a potent inhibitor of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, which has been linked to major organ fibrosis and senescence."
37143206
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"RET before and after surgery increased PTEN expression in the ENE group, decreasing the activation of the entire Akt/mTOR protein cascade, and subsequently decreasing renal hypertrophy.Regarding skele[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
33741414
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"PTEN knockout activates the mTOR pathway and protein synthesis, both of which are suppressed in axotomized retinal ganglion cells, and leads to robust axon regeneration [23] ."
24951877
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"Indeed, deletion or inhibition of PTEN that increases activity of the mTOR pathway promotes regeneration of corticospinal tract axons in the injured spinal cord that are typically among the most refractory to regeneration (7)."
40014573
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"On the other hand, the tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) negatively regulates PI3K [XREF_BIBR] and therefore suppresses mTOR activity."
24768033
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"Mester et al. found that the increase in PTEN expression inhibited the Akt and mTOR signaling pathway, leading to cell death and growth regulation 40."
28900281
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"A protein positioned downstream of PTEN, namely, PRAS40, does not inhibit the mTOR pathway in its phosphorylated form (discussed in Section 2.1), and it can therefore be assumed that upon activation of the mTOR pathway, these proteins are linked and correlate in terms of phosphorylation status."
22530122
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"As previously reported, Akt and mTOR could be inhibited by upstream phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and the loss of either PTEN or tuberous sclerosis complex 1 (TSC1) would lead to constitutive activation of mTOR and exert significant neuroprotection and axon growth-promoting effects upon damaged retinal ganglion cells. xref , xref Bisperoxovanadium compounds are potent PTEN inhibitors, which are shown to exert neuroprotection functions on a variety of central nervous system (CNS) injury/disease models. xref Inhibition of PTEN by bisperoxovanadium could lead to neuroprotective effects and recovery of function after cervical unilateral contusive SCI. xref Moreover, bisperoxovanadium markedly promoted downstream Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and decreased autophagy, suggesting that inhibition of PTEN may mediate the effects of bisperoxovanadium in SCI. xref Thus, we hypothesize that BYHWD might improve the outcome function of SCI through mTOR signaling pathway and autophagy-related manners."
34698622
reach
"Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is suppressed in adult central nervous system, reactivating the mTOR pathway by silencing PTEN in adult retinal ganglion cells can induce extensive axon regeneration (Park et al. 2008)."
34337686
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"In MDS and myeloid malignancies with EVI1 translocations, this transcription factor can cause PTEN repression and activation of PI3K and mTOR pathways [XREF_BIBR], thereby leading to increased cell proliferation and reduced differentiation."
23841999
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"MTOR activates the pro survival phosphoinositide 3 kinase-AKT kinase pathway and enhances somatic and axonal protein synthesis, while PTEN antagonizes mTOR signaling."
31535635
reach
"By upregulating the miR-21, the overexpression of miR-21 decreases the expression of PTEN and activates the Akt/mTOR pathway."
35669881
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"MiR-101-3p overexpression promoted PTEN, inhibited PI3K, AKT and mTOR protein levels, as well as triggered the activation of AKT and mTOR."
33072314
reach
"This indicated that loss of Pten activates Akt and that there might be a complex mechanism, through which Pten regulates the expression of Sox2 at different stages during ESCs differentiation.Mouse ESCs are maintained by using the cytokine LIF to activate Stat3 signaling , and PTEN negatively regulates PI3K/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) , which promotes STAT3 activity ."
32034125
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"Inhibiting mTOR abolishes the regeneration induced by PTEN deletion, suggesting the requirement of mTOR in this regenerative outcome."
34518340
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"To identify alternative mechanisms involved in Pten-regulated ESC maintenance, we assessed the activity of several signaling pathways, including the MAPK and mTOR pathways, and loss of Pten promoted the mTOR signaling pathway (Fig. S5d)."
32034125
reach
"XREF_BIBR PTEN is a negative regulator of PI3K and inhibits Akt and mTOR and MAPK signaling, leading to inhibition of cell growth and cell death."
25767376
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"Loss of the tumor-suppressor PTEN, which leads to activation of mTOR signaling, confers poor response to BRAF inhibitors in melanoma patients [42–44] ."
28741507
reach
"The distinguished role of PTEN for neuronal cell survival was underlined in studies where a conditional deletion of PTEN or Tsc1 was used to increase mTOR activity in RGC after ON lesion."
22065949
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"Loss of Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) in mice promotes the expression of Akt and/or mTOR (Tanaka et al., 2012)."
37334049
reach
"Moreover, YAP has been shown to inhibit phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), which itself normally inhibits the mTOR/Pi3K pathway (18)."
34671628
reach
"Moreover, PTEN deletion in hippocampal dentate granule cells leads to mTOR hyper activation and promotes the rapid onset of spontaneous seizures."
28824380
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"PTEN loss and subsequent activation of the PI3K and Akt signaling promotes the activation of mTOR signaling, which is hyperactive in many cancers."
28306514
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"However, USP10 can interact with PTEN to reduce K63-linked ubiquitination of PTEN mediated by the E3 ligase TRIM25, restore PTEN activity and reduce PIP3 production, thereby inhibiting the signal transduction of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in NSCLC cells (71)."
36969062
reach
"PTEN, which is a frequently mutated tumor suppressor in human cancers, also suppresses MTOR activity, subsequently activating autophagy [75, 76]."
31707087
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"PTEN, a dual-specificity phosphatase and tumor suppressor gene, inhibits Akt and mTOR and MAPK signaling pathways, leading to cell death and growth regulation."
26300629
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"By doing so, PTEN negatively regulates Akt activation and downstream signaling, including the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway."
38729764
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"Lkb1 and Pten Synergise to Suppress mTOR Mediated Tumorigenesis and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in the Mouse Bladder."
21283818
reach
"Loss of Pten increases phosphorylation through the PI3K pathway, activating AKT and mTOR, which in turn leads to increased proliferation of the prostatic epithelium—a hallmark of cancer initiation [26]."
37686488
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"Given that Akt-mediated phosphorylation of TSC2 is inactivating, the loss of PTEN would indirectly stimulate the mTOR pathway (see Fig. 2 )."
15659337
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"Loss of PTEN leads to upregulation of mTOR signaling, and mTOR inhibitors have been used to treat multiple cancer types."
32325871
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"Mechanistically, PTEN negatively regulates the Akt/mTOR pathway by inhibiting Akt, thereby suppressing mTOR."
39680734
reach
"Neuronal PTEN deletion is known to promote corticospinal tract (CST) axon regeneration after spinal cord injury via activating the mTOR pathway (Liu et al., 2010)."
36339257
reach
"While PTEN negatively regulates mTOR signaling, SOCS3 negatively regulates STAT3 signaling."
36339257
reach
"Using dCas9-VPR (VP64-p65-Rta), PTEN expression can be reactivated in melanoma cell lines, resulting in the repression of AKT, mTOR, and MAPK oncogenic pathways and increased sensitivity to B-Raf and P13K/mTOR inhibitors [197]."
37190012
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"Despite clear association between PTEN loss-mediated overactivation of AKT/mTOR signaling and aberrant neuronal form and function, the precise downstream molecular mechanisms resulting in these varied phenotypes are not well delineated.Currently, analogs of the naturally occurring mTOR inhibitor, rapamycin, are being investigated as a therapy for patients with ASD and tuberous sclerosis or PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (Cardamone et al., 2014; Mizuguchi et al., 2019; Sabatini et al., 1994)."
36323257
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"Notably, the loss of PTEN can trigger senescence through a p53-dependent pathway called PTEN loss-induced cellular senescence (PICS), with mTOR being a key molecule involved in acting upstream and downstream of PI3K/AKT [114]."
37566008
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"Conversely, treatment of ATGL KO mice with epoxomicin significantly upregulated PTEN protein level while suppressing AKT/mTOR signaling, leading to autophagic activation and attenuation of cardiac hypertrophic remodeling after TAC operation."
35218467
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"The PTEN protein antagonizes PI3K function and negatively regulates Akt and mTOR activity [XREF_BIBR **]."
23396869
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"Since PTEN phosphatase activity prevents mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) by inhibiting PI3K and Akt pathway, restoration of mTOR activity was found to promote axon regeneration in mice [XREF_BIBR]."
31530116
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"In our model the combined deletion of both Lkb1 and Pten in the mouse bladder drastically activates mTOR pathway and this precise activation serves as a signal for EMT program execution (XREF_FIG)."
21283818
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"PTEN negatively regulates the mTOR pathway and functions to block mTOR activity by deregulating molecules associated with this pathway, including phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3) and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2; Song et al., 2012)."
38130682
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"Heterozygous PTEN copy loss along with PTENW111* nonsense mutation in the initial tumor suggested a bi-allelic loss of PTEN function that likely induced mTOR signaling."
34635112
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"When either PTEN or TSC1 were silenced in order to reactivate the mTOR pathway, it led to induction of extensive axon regeneration in adult neurons."
22449213
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"Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) activation inhibits AKT and mTOR signaling, and current studies have confirmed that microRNA (miRNA) -21 targets PTEN to activate the AKT and mTOR pathway, which plays an important role in the key pathological damage observed in DN [XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR]."
25689721
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"PTEN also negatively regulates mTOR by turning off PI3K-AKT signaling."
25446259
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"MTOR hyperactivation by itself, however, does not appear to be sufficient to produce robust mossy fiber sprouting, as demonstrated by the absence of sprouting in some animals with enhanced mTOR signaling induced by PTEN loss."
29774009
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"The PTEN loss of function, which may result, in particular, from the reviewed genomic abnormality, has been shown to cause an upregulation of the AKT and mTOR pathway, primarily via activation of the kinase AKT1 [XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR]."
29671777
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"The over-expression of miRNA-21 decreases PTEN expression and simultaneously activates the Akt and mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inducing mesangial cell hypertrophy and mesangial matrix expansion."
25689721
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"However, two recent studies have shown toxicity due to ER stress when deletion of Scap in the liver of mice is combined with either deletion of PTEN, which drives constitutive signaling of the mTOR pathway (62), or administration of diets rich in fructose (63)."
38330014
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"PTEN antagonizes PI3K function, and the loss of PTEN activates the Akt and mTOR pathway."
26502919
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"PTEN loss or AKT3 activation, which both increase mTOR signaling, are also frequent events in nevus associated human melanoma."
26183406
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"Because PTEN deficient myeloma cells may have up-regulated activity of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), downstream of AKT, they may be particularly sensitive to mTOR inhibition."
12208757
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"In the noncanonical pathway, N interacts with PTEN induced kinase 1 (PINK1) to influence mitochondrial function, activating mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2)/AKT signaling."
24352421
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"While both SDF-1 and PTEN knockout act to enhance the intracellular mTor signaling pathway, mechanisms of action differ between the two manipulations in the timing, duration, and intensity of the effect."
36467608
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"52 Furthermore, ATXN3 upregulation inhibited the expression of PTEN and triggered the AKT/mTOR pathway."
35924961
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"PTEN is an upstream inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) ( Aldinger et al., 2011 ), which leads to microglia and MC proliferation."
25941080
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"Recently, several studies reported that [bpV(pic)], an inhibitor of PTEN, is able to activate the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, thereby effectively enhancing the intrinsic growth capacity of axons."
35518337
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"PTEN can inhibit Akt and mTOR signaling [XREF_BIBR]."
27863407
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"Elevation of PTEN protein levels by PRL2 inhibition has been shown in the current study to prolong the time necessary for development of leukemogenesis and the progression of an AML phenotype by downregulating the AKT/mTOR signaling."
37665633
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"Thus, PI3K and mTOR signalling, which are negatively regulated by PTEN, are strikingly upregulated as a consequence of deleting Pten in the retina."
22403711
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"The overexpression of PTEN inhibits the PDGF-mediated proliferation and migration of VSMCs by blocking the AKT/mTOR pathway [ 40 ]."
32971395
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"As PTEN blocks mTOR signaling (Carracedo and Pandolfi 2008), restraining cell proliferation, p53, APC, and PTEN suppression may underlie pro-growth potentials of GH."
37066857
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"Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is also involved in the regulation of mTOR activity and usually inhibits mTOR via the inhibition of Akt [ xref ]."
30075746
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"Since PTEN is a natural inhibitor of the PI3K/AKT pathway, the inhibition of PTEN activity could temporarily and safely affect the PI3K/AKT pathway and activate mTOR signaling, thereby influencing cell survival, proliferation and migration."
35518337
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"Other targets of genetic manipulation are the deletion or suppression of the genes for PTEN or SOCS3, which negatively regulate the mTOR and JAK/STAT signaling pathways, respectively."
37799971
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"The loss of PTEN leads to the upregulation of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR)-driven transcriptional and translational machinery ."
37185447
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"Interestingly, RNAi mediated knockdown of EZH2 restored PTEN expression and down-regulated the AKT and mTOR activities in Evi1 transduced BM cells, suggesting that Evi1 functions as a platform to recruit PcG proteins to the PTEN locus."
21795762
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"For example, a PTEN gene deletion, found in 16 to 32% of PCa, results in increased mTOR signaling, and increased mTOR signaling is correlated with poor survival in PCa [24]."
35225948
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"Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), a well‐known cancer suppressor, can negatively regulate the mTOR pathway."
37221133
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"In addition, the combination of miR-370 and PTEN inactivated AKT, MDM2 and mTOR while stimulated caspase-3, p53 and GSK3beta expression, promoting apoptosis and suppressing proliferation of gastric cancer cells."
27499479
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"We found that PR-957 upregulated PTEN protein expression and inhibited AKT/mTOR signaling in the Ang II–infused heart; these changes in signaling pathway were reversed by VO-OHpic (Figure 5B)."
32595507
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"Loss of functional PTEN leads to increased activity of AKT and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase pathways, which can promote both cell survival and proliferation through phosphorylation [MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
23466500
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"Moreover, genetic deletion of PTEN increases mTOR activation and results in substantial axon growth after injury."
27073365
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"Tumors were assessed for immunohistochemical evidence of PTEN loss of expression and mTOR activation."
21301319
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"PTEN, NF1, and TSC1/2 are all inhibitors of mTOR so that their pathogenic mutations all have the downstream effect of increasing mTOR signaling."
24155705
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"Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is also involved in the regulation of mTOR activity and usually inhibits mTOR via the inhibition of Akt [XREF_BIBR]."
30075746
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"Although PTEN knockdown increased P-mTOR and P-4EBP1 ( Fig. 2 D, lane 3), AKT knockdown did not significantly decrease the level of P-mTOR (lane 4)."
26708722
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"Transfection of PTEN into the PC3 cells decreased the activation of Akt and the downstream mTOR regulated 70-kDa S6 (p70 (s6k)) kinase and reversed the resistance to doxorubicin in these cells, indicating that changes in PTEN status and Akt activation modulate the cellular response to doxorubicin."
12414639
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"Moreover, specificity protein 1 (SP1) SUMOylation can activate PTEN transcription to block the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, increasing radio sensitization of OSCC cells [36, 37]."
37415251
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"The capacity for axonal regeneration declines with age in mice, and at least part of this decline is associated with an age related decline in the MTOR pathway driven by the negative MTOR regulator Pten."
33479258
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"In adults mTOR is inactivated by phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and an emerging hypothesis proposes that the CNS does not regenerate in adults because of mTOR inactivation [156]."
32806510
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"MTOR is inhibited, in part, by two tumor-suppressor proteins, TSC2 and PTEN."
23391115
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"Because Pten deletion promoted mTOR signaling and axon growth rostral to injury irrespective of age in both the rubrospinal and corticospinal systems, we hypothesized that differences in environmental influences at and around the lesion site could be responsible for the age dependent decline in axon regeneration beyond the injury site."
27050519
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"Genetic Pten deletion in young animals prevents axotomy induced reduction of mTOR activity and promotes the regeneration of both retinal ganglion and corticospinal tract (CST) axons after CNS injury."
27050519
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"Pten deletion rescues axotomy induced mTOR downregulation and cell atrophy in both rubrospinal and corticospinal neurons regardless of age."
27050519
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"Thus, aging does not appear to influence the extent of mTOR activation induced by Pten deletion, at least as assessed with p-S6 immunoreactivity and neuronal soma size."
27050519
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"In adults mTOR is inactivated by phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and an emerging hypothesis proposes that the CNS does not regenerate in adults because of mTOR inactivation [ xref ]."
32806510
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"A mechanistic study further reveals that downregulation of hepatic Me1 expression is largely mediated by the phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN)-dependent suppression of the mechanistic target of rapamycin/sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (mTOR/SREBP1) signaling pathway in hepatic I/R model."
36840630
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"Inhibition of PTEN expression allows calcium signaling to promote axon regeneration in corticospinal neurons by upregulating mTOR activity [61,62,79]."
40104021
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"PTEN and PDCD4 can negatively regulate the oncogenic pathway phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and enhance lung tumorigenicity [7, 8]."
39833839
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"Furthermore, sgRNAs targeting, ERRFI1 and PTEN, which inhibits EGFR and mTOR pathways respectively and RB1, a negative regulator of cell cycle was also positively selected (Fig. 2A)."
38294344
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"Conversely, PTEN, a multi-functional negative regulator of cellular signaling and genomic stability, is known to inhibit mTOR activation, perhaps through inactivation of AKT [XREF_BIBR]."
23375848
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"PTEN targeting by microRNAs result in mTOR pathway activation and dysregulation of these microRNAs lead to an uncontrolled cell proliferation leading to cancer."
33614488
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"These results suggest that loss of PTEN and activation of NTRK2 cooperate to increase these two signaling pathways, PI3K and mTOR and JAK-STAT3, known to be critical for the transformation of leukocytes [XREF_BIBR]."
27672444
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"Our results are consistent with published data using mice harboring a deletion of Pten, a tumor suppressor gene that negatively regulates the Akt and mTOR pathway, since liver specific inactivation of Pten leads to steatosis and, eventually, HCC development."
21147110
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"Additionally, activation of AMPK and PTEN could inhibit mTOR signaling, implying that pAMPK and PTEN function as tumor suppressors in the development of human cancer."
25909163
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"Downregulation of TET1 therefore may activate AKT and mTOR pathways that are suppressed by PTEN."
28346420
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"Indeed, deletion or inhibition of PTEN phosphatase elevates PI3K and mTOR signaling and causes rapid death of B-ALL cells."
28566433
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"27 These findings suggested that downregulation of TET1 reduces the expression of PTEN, which subsequently activate AKT and MTOR pathway in COX-2-driven HCC."
28346420
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"Since PTEN negatively regulates the mTOR signaling pathway, we then investigated whether there was interaction between the MTOR rs2295080 and PTEN rs701848 in influencing RCC risk, however, as shown in XREF_TABLE, no significant interaction was observed (P interaction = 0.118), although individuals with both risk genotypes (rs2295080 TT and rs701848 CC) had a significantly increased RCC risk of 1.72."
23209702
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"PTEN blocks PI3K by dephosphorylating phosphatidylinositol (PI)-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3) to PI-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), thus counteracting PI3K function and subsequent AKT/mTor activation [12,13,14,15,16]."
39061577
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"It has been shown that Pten knockdown increases the ability of the mTOR-dependent signaling pathway to activate axonal regeneration [33, 36]."
36440366
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"MAF1 enhances acetylation and the transcription of the PTEN promoter by binding to it, inhibiting the AKT–mTOR signalling pathway in liver cancer."
39778006
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"There is an accumulating evidence to indicate that genetic loss of PTEN in cell lines and animal will lead to activation of Akt and mTOR XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR."
24124460
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"The loss of PTEN activates mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), which is a key target for anticancer therapy in TNBC (60 )."
35941873
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"EZH2 recruited H3K27me3 to the promoter of PTEN and inhibited PTEN expression, and then activated the AKT and mTOR signalling pathway."
32814835
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"MTOR stimulates protein translation initiation and is negatively regulated by another protein, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)."
22981450
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"These effects were secondary to the inhibition of miR-21 which increased the expression of PTEN which in turn inhibited Akt and mTOR and restored autophagy and eventually ameliorated renal injury [72]."
37761024
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"Up to 70% of endometrioid endometrial cancers carry PTEN gene deletions that can upregulate mTOR activity."
24316308
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"Deletion of PTEN results in activation of Akt, TSC and mTOR and S6K signaling activation that results in feedback inhibition of IRS and Akt signaling [XREF_BIBR - XREF_BIBR]."
19541499
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"Furthermore, TXNRD1 dampened the interaction between Trx1 and PTEN, accelerating the degradation of PTEN, which activated Akt/mTOR signaling and target genes, ultimately promoting migration and metastasis of hepatoma cell [47]."
38882339
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"The deletion of PTEN promotes mTOR hyperactivation in dentate granule cells of the hippocampus in a mouse seizure model."
29751355
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"In addition, Hu and colleagues also found that plasma membrane (PM)-located AGK inhibited the phosphatase activity of PTEN by phosphorylating PTEN at Ser380, Thr382, and Thr383, thereby activating the PI3K–AKT–mTOR signaling pathway, facilitating CD8 T-cell proliferation and enhancing antitumor immunity (19)."
37078777
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"PTEN, TSC1 and TSC2 inhibit mTOR activity via PI3K/AKT inhibition [31]."
39200267
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"This pathway includes several established proto-oncogenes (PI3K, AKT1) and tumor suppressor genes (PTEN - which reduces mTOR activity through inhibition of PI3K and AKT1 - TSC1, TSC2)."
21373201
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"PTEN negatively regulates protein kinase B (Akt) and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways."
39596932
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"PTEN constrains the intrinsic regenerative capacity of the nervous system, and inhibition of PTEN expression enhances optic nerve regeneration and increases mTOR activity."
32629985
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"7 EGFR, which belongs to the erbB family, activates the same downstream signaling pathways, including the Ras-Raf-MAPK signaling pathway and the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway, involving other key effectors such as nuclear factor-kappaB and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), which could be inhibited by phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)."
33121309
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"Mutations or deletions of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and the heterodimeric complex of tuberous sclerosis proteins 1 and 2 (TSC1 and hamartin, TSC2 and tuberin) can dramatically upregulate mTOR signaling and contribute to a class of human neurological diseases characterized as " TORopathies "."
24672426
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"With the exception of the PI3K–mTOR pathway, which is most often activated by loss of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN), recently nominated candidate drug targets predominantly fall in regions of frequent gene amplification."
36359903
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"Meanwhile, down-regulated ATXN3 can promote PTEN expression and inactivate the AKT/mTOR pathway (Shi et al., 2018)."
36159990