IndraLab

Statements


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eidos
"TGFbetaR1 is upregulated by TGFbeta1 , and silencing TGFBR1 leads to increased secretion of TNFalpha and IL1beta by microglia [ 70 ] ."

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"Indeed, TGF-beta1 treatment significantly increased ALK5 activation."

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"These results suggest that TGFbeta1 induced phosphoinositide conversions require ALK5 kinase activity."

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"After stroke, TGFbeta1 expression is rapidly increased and activates its cell surface receptor ALK5 in astrocyte, which then enhances RGMa expression."

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"In contrast, KD of Synj2, INPP4A, or MTMR6 did not affect TGFbeta1 induced ALK5 endocytosis."

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"Notably, we found that these cellular responses described above did not require persistent TGF-beta1 stimulation (XREF_FIG), indicating that one possible mechanism by which TGF-beta1 triggered down-regulation of ALK5 protein and mRNA expression, leads to the desensitization of the leukocytes toward TGF-beta1 stimulation."

"In Tgfbr2fl/fl control MEPM cells, radioactive TGF-β2 ligands (12.5 kDa) bind to TβRI (53 kDa), TβRII (70 kDa), and TβRIII (100–200 kDa, highly glycosylated molecule) and form the ligand-receptor complexes of TβRI::TGF-β2 (65.5 kDa), TβRII::TGF-β2 (82.5 kDa), and TβRIII::TGF-β2 (112.5–212.5 kDa)"

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"Femoral head cartilage isolated from Alk5 Col2ERT2 and Cre negative mice was treated with 4-OH TM to delete Alk5, followed by treated with TGF-beta1 to dissect the role of ALK5 in TGF-beta1- induced Prg4 expression."

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"Similarly, ENG inhibits TGFbeta1 induced ALK5 and SMAD3 signaling [XREF_BIBR] and favors the activation of the BMP-7/SMAD1/5 pathway in myoblasts [XREF_BIBR]."

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"Recently, it has been reported that, in COLO-357 pancreatic cancer cells, TbetaRI and TbetaRII mRNA and protein levels are up-regulated by TGF-beta1 [36]."

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"TGF-beta1 may activate both ALK5 and smad2 and MEK and ERK signaling pathways."

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"If ALK5 has a higher sensitivity to TGF-beta1 than ALK1, then low concentrations of TGF-beta1 may activate only the ALK5 pathway, favouring the activation phase."

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"We demonstrate that TGF-β1 activates TGF-β1 receptors TGFBR1 and TGFBR2 resulting in ALK5-mediated phosphorylation of SMAD2."

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"XREF_BIBR In general, TGF-beta1 stimulates ALK-5 and phosphorylates second messenger proteins termed Smads."

"TGFbeta signals are transmitted via a cell surface receptor complex consisting of the TGFbeta type I receptor (TbetaRI) and TGFbeta type II receptor (TbetaRII). To initiate signal transduction, TGFbeta binds to TbetaRII, which in turn recruits TbetaRI, leading to the formation of a tetrameric receptor complex."

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"However, TGF-beta1 and 3 can also activate the ALK5 and SMAD2 and 3 pathway (the canonical most studied pathway), leading to an anti-angiogenic effect XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR."

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"The microscopy pictures showed that TGF-beta1 activates TGFBR1, which is indicated by the foci of p-TGFBR 1; and the downregulation of IDH1 increased the foci number of p-TGFBR 1."

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"The TGFBR1 protein level was significantly elevated in C2C12 cells treated with TGF-beta1."

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"Additionally, to address the issue that whether Akt and USP4 regulate the interaction between Smurf2 and Smad7, and Smurf2 and TbetaRI induced by TGF-beta1, immunoprecipitation and Western blot assays were carried out."

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"As TGFbeta1 induced SVZ derived gliospheres to produce more astrocytes and the signal transduction studies indicated that TGFbeta1 was stimulating the ALK5 receptor, we hypothesized that inhibiting the ALK5 receptor would inhibit astrocyte generation."

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"Thus, our findings are in complete agreement with the signalling imbalance model XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR of tilting the ALK1 and ALK5 signalling balance towards a non endoglin modulated TGF-beta1 activated ALK5 and TbetaRII pathway."

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"TGF-β1-activated ALK5 and/or ALK1 further recruit and phosphorylate R-Smads, such as Smad2/3 by ALK5 and Smad1/5/8 by ALK1."

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"Interestingly, administration of exogenous TGF-beta1 before CIP activated the TGF-beta/ALK5 pathway and reduced BBB permeability to 14 C-sucrose."

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"In agreement with the study of Kim et al. [40], TGFbeta1 may mediate its effects independent of TbetaR-I and TbetaR-II receptors."

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"This indicated a possible mechanism by which TGF-beta1 triggered the down-regulation of ALK5 mRNA and protein, leading to the desensitization of grass carp leukocytes toward TGF-beta1."

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"TGF-beta1 also induced ALK5 dependent downregulation of Notch1 but not of its ligand delta like ligand 4."

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"The full-length STAT1alpha and the truncated STAT1beta directly interacted with TGF-beta receptors (ALK1/ALK5 and TbetaRII), which was mediated by TGF-beta1."

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"KD of either Synj1 or INPP4B also inhibited TGFbeta1 induced ALK5 endocytosis."

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"These findings establish that TGF-β1 activates TβR-I and its downstream p38 MAPK and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways in microglia to protect against DAergic neuronal loss that characterizes in PD."

"TGF-b ligands bind to TGF-b type II receptor (TbRII), which transphosphorylates and activates TGF-b type I receptor (TbRI)."

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"TGF-beta1 stimulated the deposition of excessive collagen by mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) by activating the TGF-beta receptor I kinase (ALK5)/Smad3 pathway."

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"In ECs, TGF-beta1 activation of ALK5 is growth inhibitory and is thought to mediate vessel stability XREF_BIBR."

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"TGF-beta1 induces assembly of TbetaRI and TbetaRII into a complex at the cell surface followed by phosphorylation of Smad transcription factors, nuclear translocation of activated Smads, and transcriptional responses XREF_BIBR."

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"As shown in XREF_FIG, Western blot analysis revealed that TGF-beta1 treatment of cultured rat pulmonary fibroblasts resulted in up-regulation of the TGF-beta receptor type I and II by 1.7 and 1.8 fold, respectively, as compared to non induced cells."

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"Further, PAI-1, which is induced by TGF-beta1 activation of the Alk5 and SMAD2/3 pathway, contributes to vessel stabilization by preventing degradation of the provisional matrix deposited around new vessels and favoring the establishment of new basal lamina, again consistently with our finding that PAI-1 was specifically and robustly induced in the low VEGF conditions, leading to the fastest stabilization."

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"Effect of Ac-SDKP on TGF-beta Receptor Type I and II in Cultured Rat Pulmonary Fibroblasts Induced by TGF-beta1."

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"Stimulation with IGF-1 resulted in an enhanced expression of IGF1R and TGFBR2 whereas TGF-beta1 stimulated TGFBR1 in the monolayer and pellet cultures."

"TGF-beta signaling mediates a wide range of biological activities in development and disease. TGF-beta ligands signal through heterodimeric type I and type II receptors (TGF-beta receptor type I [TbetaRI, also known as ALK5 and TGFBR1] and TbetaRII) that are members of the serine/threonine kinase family."

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"In both species, TGFbeta1 decreased Pparg and increased Tgfbr1; both were unaffected by IL-10."

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"Small round chondrocytes showed widely distributed immunoreactivity of TGF-beta1, TbetaR-I and TbetaR-II in the 42-day explants treated with TGF-beta1."

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"Our data suggest that binding of TGF-beta1 activates ALK5 and leads to phosphorylation of SMAD2."

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"VNRs α v β 6 and α v β 8 activate transforming growth factor (TGF β ) in lung and skin by binding TGF β latency-associated peptide (LAP), and β 6 -null mice are protected from bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis [ xref , xref ]."

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"Before transfer to serum starved BEAS-2B cells, the ALK5 inhibitor SB431542 (10muM) was added to the medium to block ALK5 signaling induced by the transferred TGF-beta1."

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"The microscopy pictures showed that TGF-β1 activates TGFBR1, which is indicated by the foci of p-TGFBR 1; and the downregulation of IDH1 increased the foci number of p-TGFBR 1."

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"To confirm the interaction of TbetaRI with human DRAK2, 293T cells were cotransfected with Myc tagged DRAK2 and HA tagged TbetaRI and then treated with or without TGF-beta1."

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"Transforming growth factor beta 1 increases collagen content, and stimulates procollagen I and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 production of dental pulp cells : Role of MEK and ERK and activin receptor like kinase-5 and Smad signaling."

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"TGF-beta1 induces stable myofibroblast differentiation independent of autocrine ALK5 signaling."

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"These findings establish that TGF-beta1 activates TbetaR-I and its downstream p38 MAPK and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways in microglia to protect against DAergic neuronal loss that characterizes in PD."