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"IL‐1β and TNF‐α sensitize nociceptive neurons via p38 MAPK phosphorylation of Nav1.8, TRPV1, and transient receptor potential ankyrine‐1 (TRPA1) channels, which then induces hyperalgesia to mechanical and thermal stimuli. xref , xref Estrogen and an agonist of G‐protein coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) increase mast cell degranulation, tryptase and histamine release, and hypersensitivity in a rat stress model while ovariectomy decreases these activities. xref "