IndraLab
Statements
sparser
"The activation of cyclin D1, which subsequently interacts with CDK4 or CDK6, leads to the inactivation of the restrictive G1 checkpoint, suppressing cell cycle arrest. xref In our study, DCZ0858 induced cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase and inhibited cell transition into the S phase."
sparser
"In the presence of mitogenic stimuli and abundant nutrients, cyclin D1 is synthesized; to perform its functions, cyclin D1 assembles with CDK4 or CDK6 to form a kinase complex; conversely, growth factor withdrawal or nutrient depletion compromises the formation of new cyclin D1-CDK4/6 complexes, leading to an immediate degradation of cyclin D1 in order to facilitate cell cycle exit [ xref ]."
sparser
"In human cells, cyclin D1 interacts with CDK4 and CDK6 to form holoenzymes and then phosphorylates the tumor-suppressor protein Rb in G1 phase, which is important for cell cycle progression. xref The E2F transcription factor binds to Rb and is released when Rb is phosphorylated, inducing the expression levels of a series of genes, such as cyclin E, cyclin A, PCNA and MCM7, which are involved in entry into S phase of the cell division cycle. xref Our study showed that SH treatment downregulated the expression levels of the cell cycle-positive regulators, including CDK4, cyclin D1, cyclin E, phospho-Rb, PCNA and MCM7."
sparser
"Once cyclin D1 binds to cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) or CDK6, phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein (Rb) is triggered at the early stage of G1 phase, causing the release of E2F factors, which serve as transcription factors of the genes pushing the cell cycle from G1 phase to S phase ( xref , xref )."
sparser
"It has been well established that activated CDK6 forms a complex with CDK4 and cyclin D1 and initiates the phosphorylation of pRb releasing E2F transcription factors, thereby driving the expression of genes required for cellular commitment to enter S phase and ultimately mitotic cell division ( xref )."
sparser
"As one of the most important cell cycle machineries, CDK6 forms an active complex with CDK4 and cyclin D1 to phosphorylate downstream proteins such as the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (RB) and E2F transcription factors, activation of which finally promotes cell cycle progression through G1 to S phase ( xref , xref )."
sparser
"While p15INK4B and its binding to both cdk4 and cdk6 increased with increasing passage, some cyclin D1-bound cdk4 and cdk6 persisted in senescent cells, whose inhibition could not be attributed to p15INK4B. The inhibition of cyclin E-cdk2 in senescent HMECs was accompanied by increased inhibitory phosphorylation of cdk2, in association with a progressive loss of Cdc25A. Recombinant Cdc25A strongly reactivated cyclin E-cdk2 from senescent HMECs suggesting that reduction of Cdc25A contributes to cyclin E-cdk2 inhibition and G1 arrest at senescence."
sparser
"Association of cyclin D1 with CDK4 and CDK6 drives progression through G1 stage, cyclin E and cyclin A bind CDK2 to regulate centrosome duplication and also to target helicases and polymerases during G1/S and S-phase, and cyclin A/cyclin B/CDK1 complexes regulate the G2/M checkpoint ( xref )."
sparser
"Silibinin has been reported to inhibit cell growth and induce G1 arrest in cell cycle progression of human prostate carcinoma, which was associated with decreased levels of cyclin D1, CDK4, and CDK6 and induction of Cip1/p21 and Kip1/p27, followed by increased binding with CDK2 [ xref , xref ]."