IndraLab
Statements
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"Examples of such associations between GPI-anchored proteins and transmembrane signaling partners in neurons include the transmembrane protein CASPR and the GPI-linked cell adhesion molecule contactin ( xref ) and binding of GDNF to the receptor complex formed by the GPI-anchored receptor GFRα1 and the transmembrane protein c-Ret ( xref , xref )."
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"The binding of GDNF to Ret and GFRα1 leads to Ret phosphorylation (Kjær and Ibáñez, 2003; Sariola and Saarma, 2003), and thereby leads to the activation of several intracellular signaling pathways, including RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, which in turn promotes neuronal survival and differentiation (Creedon et al., 1997; Uesaka et al., 2013)."
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"The GDNF–GFRα1 complex then binds the RET [ xref , xref ] present on neuronal cell bodies and terminals of several different pathways, such as nigro–striatal dopaminergic neurons [ xref , xref ], spinal motor neurons [ xref ], noradrenergic neurons of the locus coeruleus [ xref ], enteric neurons [ xref ], and sensory neurons [ xref ]."
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"Both proteins are coexpressed in the developing nephron, midbrain and motor neurons and mice carrying a disruption of either Ret or GFRα1 are deficient in renal and neuronal development and suffer from early postnatal death. xref GDNF/Ret signalling through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/nuclear factor kappa B pathway is required for mitochondrial function and morphology, xref and seems also relevant for dopamine system maintenance to prevent Parkinson’s and Hirschsprung diseases. xref Besides, it has been reported that p140 NCAM may interact with GFRα1 to mediate GDNF signalling independently from Ret in Schwann cell migration. xref Another study also describes that GDNF can regulate migration of GABAergic cells in the medial ganglionic eminence and cortex via GFRα1, but not Ret or NCAM. xref Finally, an inverse relationship between GFRα1 and Ret has been reported in dopaminergic neurons, where knocking down Ret leads to increased GFRα1 expression. xref "
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"In addition to promoting high-affinity binding of GDNF ligands, the association of GFRα1 with NCAM prevented homophilic NCAM-NCAM interactions (Paratcha et al. xref ), illustrating the ability of GFRα1 to transform NCAM from a short-range cell adhesion molecule into a long-range signaling receptor for diffusible GDNF ligands."
Coreceptor activity binds GDNF and GFRA1. 2 / 2
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"There are several possible reasons for the injury-induced increase of GDNF only in the rostral part of the spinal cord: (1) de novo synthesis of GDNF, (2) accumulation of GDNF being transported from rostral to caudal side of the spinal cord, (3) accumulation of GDNF being retrogradely transported within the peripheral nerves from the skeketal muscles to the motoneurons, (4) binding of GDNF to the injury-evoked GFRα1, coreceptor of GDNF, (5). supply of GDNF from the dorsal root ganglia (DRG)."
GDNF binds GFRA1 and protein tyrosine kinase. 1 / 1
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Coreceptor activity binds GDNF, GFRA1, and RET. 1 / 1
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"However, molecular studies in human HEK293 and neuroblastoma cell lines demonstrated a GDNF/GFRα1-induced interaction between RET and β-catenin at the plasma membrane, resulting in tyrosine phosphorylation of β-catenin which prevents its proteasomal degradation, and results in cell survival and proliferation ( xref )."