IndraLab
Statements
sparser
"Since (a) EGF-induced EGFR ubiquitination level is compromised in the presence of CTEN, (b) CTEN modulates the c-Cbl-EGFR interaction without altering pY1045 and pY1068 levels, and (c) c-Cbl protein levels are not altered by CTEN expression ( xref ), we investigated whether CTEN could interact with c-Cbl and therefore affect EGFR ubiquitination."
sparser
"Cbl was basally associated with the adaptor protein growth factor receptor-binding protein 2 (Grb2), and this interaction was further enhanced by EGF stimulation; however, the interaction was entirely mediated via the Grb2 Src homology 3 (SH3) domains, suggesting that binding of Grb2 SH2 domain to EGF receptor provides one mechanism of Cbl's association with the EGF receptor."
reach
"Mechanistically, we demonstrated that rLZ-8 bound to EGFR to induce EGFR autophosphorylation at tyrosine1045 and trigger ubiquitination by inducing the formation of EGFR and Cbl complexes, resulting in the degradation of EGFR; however, Cbl-shRNA abolished rLZ-8-induced EGFR degradation."
reach
"Combining this with the data from Grovdal et al. [XREF_BIBR], who described that a direct association of c-Cbl with EGFR pY1045 was important for MVB sorting of EGFR, we surmised that aberrant EGFR sorting into lysosomes in RBE cells was caused by an impaired association between c-Cbl and EGFR through pY1045."
reach
"The binding of Cbl and Grb2 to EGFR depended on protein concentrations and binding affinities : protein concentrations were carefully measured, while binding affinities were indirectly determined by fitting ubiquitination dose response curves under various experimental conditions, within well defined experimental constrains taken from published studies (XREF_SUPPLEMENTARY)."
sparser
"Concentrating on two members of EGFR ligand family, i.e. EGF and AR, we show that AR and EGF induced similar patterns of short term EGFR and c-Cbl phosphorylation, physical association of c-Cbl with EGFR, and EGFR ubiquitination; however, as previously reported for TGF-α ( xref ), the effects of AR were much more transient than those of EGF."
sparser
"So far through a series of three studies [ xref – xref ] we found that (1) EGCG alters lipid organization on the plasma membrane, (2) EGCG promote the internalization of nonactivated monomer EGFR into cytosol, thus, inhibiting the activation of EGFR by EGF, (3) as a result, treatment with EGCG causes marked reduction of phosphorylated (activated) EGFRs, that are otherwise preferentially present in lipid rafts, (4) EGCG-induced EGFR internalization requires neither the binding of c-Cbl to EGFR nor a phosphorylation of EGFR at tyrosine residue, suggesting that this internalization is mediated by a different mechanism that is observed in EGF-treated cells, and (5) phosphorylation of EGFR at serine1046/1047 mediated by p38MAPK is essential for EGCG-induced EGFR internalization ( xref )."
sparser
"It has been reported that cetuximab‐resistant cells have increased EGFR levels due to reduced degradation from loss of binding to Cbl. [ xref ] Our study revealed that SGCE interacted with c‐Cbl, and SGCE knockdown promoted EGFR degradation by increasing the interaction between EGFR and c‐Cbl (Figure xref )."
reach
"A plausible explanation for cooperativity is that when Cbl and Grb2 are simultaneously bound to EGFR (via pY1045 and pY1068 and pY1086, respectively), they are in a state of enforced proximity, which increases the likelihood of the three species (EGFR, Cbl and Grb2) of binding to each other XREF_BIBR."
sparser
"All negative feedback loops arise from five mechanisms: (i) the kinases ERK1/2 and p90RSK downregulate their own activation by phosphorylation of SOS1, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Ras, (ii) the phosphatase SHP1 binds to the autophosphorylated ErbB1-homodimers and dephosphorylates them, (iii) Ras positively influences its GTPase activating protein RasGAP via PI3K, (iv) the ubiquitin ligase c-Cbl binds to ErbB1, leading to degradation of the receptor in the lysosome and (v) Ras potentiates the Rab5a-GEF activity of Rin1 and thus increases the formation of endocytic vesicles."
reach
"It is well known that direct association between EGFR (pTyr1045) and c-Cbl is required to sort the EGFR to lysosomes for degradation, XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR leading us to examine the ubiquitination of EGFR to investigate whether LINC01485 and EGFR association modulates c-Cbl-mediated EGFR ubiquitination."
sparser
"We have shown previously that a Cdc42 mutant (Cdc42(F28L)), capable of spontaneously exchanging GDP for GTP (referred to as "fast-cycling"), transformed NIH 3T3 cells because of its ability to interfere with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-Cbl interactions and EGFR down-regulation."
sparser
"The Cbl-bound activated EGFR is ubiquitinylated and recognition of ubiquitin signal by the endosomal protein complex required for transport (ESCRT) protein complexes facilitates sorting of the receptor into inner vesicles of the multivesicular body for eventual lysosomal degradation ( xref xref xref )."
sparser
"These results are in good agreement with previous findings showing that blocking c-Cbl binding to the EGFR is enough to inhibit EGFR internalization by the NCE pathway [ xref ], and that both c-Cbl and EGFR concentrations are determinants for the cellular activation and extension of the pathway [ xref ]."
sparser
"Inhibiting p38 kinase by the kinase inhibitor or knockdown by RNAi causes significant reduction of tyrosine phosphorylation at Y1045 of EGFR, which is required for EGFR binding to the E3 ubiquitin ligase Cbl, thus results in defect in ubiquitination and degradation of EGFR [ xref ]."
sparser
"In contrast, direct binding of Cbl to phosphotyrosine 1045 of the epidermal growth factor receptor was required for epidermal growth factor receptor polyubiquitination, but was not essential for Cbl-yellow fluorescent protein localization in epidermal growth factor receptor-containing compartments."
sparser
"A dramatic increase in c-Cbl binding to EGFR in KS cell lysates was observed, with or without treatment with concanamycin A ( xref e), suggesting that increased constitutive c-Cbl binding in the absence of kindlin-1 may result in increased targeting of EGFR for lysosomal degradation."
sparser
"To elucidate the mechanism by which Brk inhibits EGFR degradation, we compared the levels of EGFR ubiquitination and the association of EGFR with Cbl, an E3 ubiquitin ligase known for regulating EGFR degradation ( xref ), in SUM102-neo and SUM102-Brk cells after EGF stimulation."
sparser
"Other proteins that are capable of binding to Cbl and/or EGFR and implicated in the regulation of EGFR internalization and degradation are: Alix [ xref ], c-Abl tyrosine kinase [ xref ], Sts1/TULA2 [ xref ], Lrig-1 [ xref ], and supressors of cytokine signaling SOCS4/5 [ xref ]."
reach
"Ubiquitylation of EGFR is mediated by the E3 ligase Cbl (c-Cbl and Cbl-b isoforms) that can directly bind to EGFR via phosphorylated Tyr1045 and indirectly through the interaction with the SH2-SH3 adaptor protein Grb2 that binds to phosphorylated Tyr1068 and Tyr1086 in the EGFR [reviewed in]."
sparser
"Src activation has been shown to be increased in a CRC cell line with cetuximab resistance. xref Resistant cells were characterized by markedly lower protein levels of EGFR, an increased association of EGFR with Cbl, and a high level of Src-416 phosphorylation both at baseline and on EGF stimulation."
sparser
"Combining this with the data from Grøvdal et al. [ xref ], who described that a direct association of c-Cbl with EGFR pY1045 was important for MVB sorting of EGFR, we surmised that aberrant EGFR sorting into lysosomes in RBE cells was caused by an impaired association between c-Cbl and EGFR through pY1045."
reach
"So far through a series of three studies [XREF_BIBR - XREF_BIBR] we found that (1) EGCG alters lipid organization on the plasma membrane, (2) EGCG promote the internalization of nonactivated monomer EGFR into cytosol, thus, inhibiting the activation of EGFR by EGF, (3) as a result, treatment with EGCG causes marked reduction of phosphorylated (activated) EGFRs, that are otherwise preferentially present in lipid rafts, (4) EGCG induced EGFR internalization requires neither the binding of c-Cbl to EGFR nor a phosphorylation of EGFR at tyrosine residue, suggesting that this internalization is mediated by a different mechanism that is observed in EGF treated cells, and (5) phosphorylation of EGFR at serine1046/1047 mediated by p38MAPK is essential for EGCG induced EGFR internalization (XREF_FIG)."
trips
"Cbl was basally associated with the adaptor protein growth factor receptor-binding protein 2 (Grb2), and this interaction was further enhanced by EGF stimulation; however, the interaction was entirely mediated via the Grb2 Src homology 3 (SH3) domains, suggesting that binding of Grb2 SH2 domain to EGF receptor provides one mechanism of Cbl's association with the EGF receptor."
sparser
"Consistent with other studies, our previous study demonstrated that the pSpry2 and pEGFR peptides interact with c-Cbl TKB through (1) a positively-charged pocket into which the phosphorylated tyrosine inserts and establishes the majority of the hydrogen bonds, and (2) a hydrophobic cluster, which forms significant interactions with the conserved C-terminal proline residue of the bound peptide."
sparser
"The role played by Cdc42 in regulating the timing of EGF receptor-Cbl interactions is underscored by the fact that constitutively active Cdc42(F28L), by persistently blocking the binding of Cbl to these receptors, leads to their aberrant accumulation and sustained EGF-stimulated ERK activation, thus resulting in cellular transformation."
sparser
"The E3 RING ligase Cbl, which contains c‐Cbl, Cbl‐b, and Cbl‐c, can directly bind to EGFR. [ xref ] Furthermore, GRB2, as an adaptor protein [ xref , xref ] between Cbl and EGFR, can cause EGFR ubiquitination and lysosomal degradation. [ xref , xref , xref ] Thus, we investigated whether SGCE loss changed the interaction between EGFR and the Cbl family or GRB2."
reach
"However, the studies do not reach similar conclusions regarding the underlying mechanism, and different models have been presented including lack of Cbl recruitment to activated EGFR, inhibited formation of clathrin coated pits after EGFR stimulation, or reduced targeting of internalized EGFR to lysosomes."
"Furthermore, we show that activated Abl allows the ligand-activated EGFR to escape Cbl-dependent down-regulation by inhibiting the accumulation of Cbl at the plasma membrane in response to epidermal growth factor stimulation and disrupting the formation of the EGFR.Cbl complex without affecting Cbl protein stability."
sparser
"With the aid of confocal microscopy and immunogold electron microscopy, we could demonstrate that c-Cbl associates with the EGF receptor at the plasma membrane prior to receptor recruitment into clathrin-coated pits and remains associated throughout the clathrin-mediated endocytic pathway."
reach
"Upon growth factor stimulation, c-Cbl binds to activated EGFR and acts as a multifunctional adaptor protein to recruit additional endocytic regulatory proteins such as Cbl interacting protein of 85 kDa (CIN85), which plays important roles in receptor endocytosis and degradation XREF_BIBR - XREF_BIBR."