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No evidence text available

sparser
"In contrast, most of the interactions of antagonist IL-1Ra with IL-1R1 (PDB entry 1IRA) are established with domains D1 and D2, exhibiting only a few contacts with D3 [ xref ]."

sparser
"IL-1ra binds to IL-1R as a competitive inhibitor of IL-1 binding, without inducing cellular responses after ligation."

sparser
"This way, antagonist IL-1Ra binds to IL-1R, inhibiting cytokines IL-1α and IL-1β."

sparser
"The IL-1Ra binds to IL-1R, blocking its interaction with IL-1 and inhibiting IL-1-mediated signal transduction."

sparser
"The IL-1 signaling pathway is tightly regulated at multiple levels, including extracellularly by the decoy receptor IL-1R2, which lacks a cytoplasmic domain and therefore binds IL-1 (with a greater affinity for IL-1β than IL-1α) without activating a cellular response [ xref , xref , xref ], and the competitive antagonist IL-1Ra, which binds IL-1R1 with high affinity, blocking the binding of IL-1 [ xref ]."

sparser
"The rationale for testing the ability of the IL-1Ra to block the responses provides indirect evidence that precursor IL-1α, mature IL-1α, and mature IL-1β share the same receptor since IL-1Ra binds solely to IL-1R1."

sparser
"IL-1Ra binds with a high affinity to IL-1R1 [12] , but, despite similar binding affinity, the two IL-1 agonists and IL-1Ra interact differently with IL-1R1."

sparser
"IL-1R1 can also bind to IL-1Ra, which does not produce a signal due to its lack of an IL-1 receptor accessory protein interaction domain, thereby acting as a competitive binding factor to inhibit proinflammatory signaling [ xref ]."

sparser
"When IL-1Ra binds to the corresponding IL-1R, the interaction of IL-1 and IL-1R is blocked."

sparser
"IL-1ra binds to IL-1R1 with an affinity that is 100–500 times higher than for IL-1R2 and competitively inhibits IL-1α/β binding to the receptor."

sparser
"Moreover, the soluble form of IL-1R1 and IL-1RA have the highest capacity to prevent IL-1α while IL-1R2 and IL-1R1 and IL-1RA have a similar capacity to prevent IL-1β signaling."

sparser
"In contrast to IL-1β, IL-1RA binds to IL-1R1 to inhibit IL-1 signaling xref , xref ."

sparser
"IL-1Ra binds the receptor IL-1R1 with affinity higher than that of IL-1α or IL-1β, but it does not trigger the association of IL-1 receptor accessory protein, thus there is no activation of the IL-1 signaling [ xref ]."

sparser
"IL-1 signaling can be blocked by IL-1ra which binds to the IL-1R and blocks signal transduction [ xref ]."

sparser
"IL-1RA binds to IL-1R1 with equal or greater affinity than IL-1α and IL-1β but does not activate downstream signaling ( xref , xref , xref )."

sparser
"IL-1Ra can competitively bind with IL-1R1 against IL-1β or IL-1α."

sparser
"For example, in two separate datasets pertaining to breast cancer, IL1RNIL1R1 was responsible for 3,779 and 1,445 new cases, respectively."

sparser
"Binding of IL-1RA to IL-1R1 leaves IL-1R1 unable to recruit IL-1R accessory protein for the transduction of IL-1-mediated actions [ xref ]."

sparser
"When IL-1Ra binds to IL-1R1 ( xref ), the conformational change (shown in xref ) does not result IL-1R3 binding."

sparser
"IL-1RA can also bind IL-1R1 and prevent the recruitment of the co-receptor, acting as an antagonist."

sparser
"IL-1Ra binds non-productively IL-1R preventing cell signaling effects of IL‐1α and IL-1β and antagonizes the pro-inflammatory response [52] ."

sparser
"Conversely, in the interaction model of IL-1R3 with the IL-1RaIL-1R1 complex, only domain 2 of IL-1R3 establishes contact, resulting in an unstable interaction ( xref )."

sparser
"Furthermore, the formation of the IL-1Ra-IL-1R1 complex induces a distinct conformational change compared to that which occurs upon IL-1α/β binding."

sparser
"IL-1Ra binds IL-1R1, competitively inhibiting the binding and activities of IL-1β and IL-1α."

sparser
"We further characterized the sizes and binding of IL-1raBF and sIL-1RI to IL-1ra by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecylsulfate, ligand binding interference analyses, N-glycosidase treatment, concanavalin A affinity chromatography, and with the use of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to human recombinant IL-1ra."

sparser
"The antagonist IL-1Ra also binds IL-1R1, competing with agonist IL-1 ligands and preventing the formation of the signalling complex ( xref )."

No evidence text available

sparser
"The low affinity for IL-1ra is consistent with the idea that both of these molecules serve to regulate the activity of IL-1?; if IL-1ra bound well to the type II IL-1R, they would negate each other's [MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

sparser
"Both cytokines signal through IL-1R1 and its accessory protein IL-1R3, which can be efficiently inhibited by IL-1Ra that competitively binds IL-1R1 but does not recruit the accessory protein [ xref ]."

sparser
"39 Mutating the Lys131 to glutamine destabilized the interaction of IL-1R1 and IL-1Ra with a ΔΔG of 0.6308 kcal/mol, as predicted by Fold-X ( Figure S3 B)."

sparser
"Both co-immunoprecipitation ( Figure 3 A) and pull-down assay ( Figure S3 C) demonstrated that the K131E substitution impaired the interaction between IL-1R1 and IL-1Ra, but not between IL-1R1 and IL-[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

sparser
"The KD values of wild-type (WT) and K131E mutant IL-1R1 binding to IL-1Ra were 3.690 × 10 −11 and 1.415 × 10 −9 M, respectively, confirming the reduced binding affinity of the mutant IL-1R1 to its ant[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

No evidence text available

reach
"Anakinra as IL-1RA binds to the IL-1R and consequently prevents the binding of IL-1α as well as IL-1β to IL-1R1 and blocks their activity [110,111]."

sparser
"These biologic agents target the blockade of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1 (anakinra-IL-1R antagonist), (canakinumab, rilonacept- anti-IL-1β monoclonal antibody), IL-6 (tocilizumab) and TNF (etanercept, infliximab)."

No evidence text available

sparser
"According to the Fold-X prediction, Lys131 substitutions to negatively charged amino acids Glu (E) or Asp (D) requires excessive energy compared with positively charged amino acids His (H) or Arg (R),[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

sparser
"In summary, IL-1 molecules (IL-1α and IL-1β) are prototypic proinflammatory cytokines that play a role in inflammatory processes by combining to the IL-1 receptor (IL-1R), whereas their antagonist, IL-1Ra, binds to IL-1R1, inhibiting the integration of IL-1R1 with IL-1α and IL-1β ( xref )."

sparser
"The disrupted interaction between IL-1R1 K131E or K131D and IL-1Ra was demonstrated by co-immunoprecipitation ( Figure 4 C)."

reach
"Anakinra, a recombinant form of IL-1Ra, directly binds to and blocks IL1R1."

sparser
"The patient is able to rope skipping after treatment with canakinumab for 3 months, related to Figure 6 The effect of this IL-1R1 mutation demonstrates the importance of the interaction between IL-1R[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

sparser
"The substitution of a basic, polar amino acid at residue 131 with an acidic amino acid disrupted the interaction of IL-1R1 with IL-1Ra."

sparser
"Our results demonstrated that K131E substitution on IL-1R1 leads to the constitutive inflammation by impairing the interaction between IL-1R1 and IL-1Ra."

sparser
"52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 However, all the associated SNPs are either located in the noncoding region (intergenic/intronic/UTR) of IL1RN gene or are synonymous variants, which do not affec[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

sparser
"IL-1Ra binds to IL-1R1 with comparable affinity to IL-1α and IL-1β but fails to induce the conformational change in the receptor that is required for the recruitment of the IL-1RAcP co-receptor and signal transduction [ xref , xref ]."

sparser
"51 Our data suggested that the charge stability of lysine 131 in IL-1R1 is critical for the interaction of IL-1R1 with IL-1Ra."

sparser
"IL-1Ra (MW ~ 17.6 kDa), a receptor antagonist of IL-1, can competitively bind with IL-1R1 thereby blocking cell activation by the cytokine [ xref ]."

sparser
"IL-1R1 is the signalling receptor, which binds IL-1 and recruits the accessory chain IL-1R3 for initiating signalling, while the IL-1-like soluble antagonist IL-1Ra binds to IL-1R1, thereby preventing binding of agonist IL-1 molecules, and does not allow association of IL-1R3, thus inhibiting signal transduction."

reach
"The receptor IL1R1 binds IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL1RN."

sparser
"IL-1Ra binds to IL-1R1 but does not recruit the accessory chain IL-1R3 and does not initiate signal transduction [28] ."

sparser
"The crystal structure of the IL-1R1IL-1Ra complex showed that IL-1Ra binds at the large groove area between D1 and D2, but it fails to interact with the small area on D3 [31] ."

sparser
"IL-1Ra binds IL-1R1 with an affinity higher than that of IL-1 but fails to recruit the IL-1RAcP."

reach
"Notably, the opposite (protective) allele IL1RN * 2 has been previously associated with higher IL-1Ra and lower IL-1beta release XREF_BIBR."

sparser
"In the case of the IL-1RaIL-1R1 complex, the accessory chain IL-1R3 fails to be recruited, and therefore signalling does not occur [28] ."

sparser
"As a control, the same attempt was made on the crystal structure of IL-1R bound to IL-1ra and, as expected, no interaction could be calculated (data not shown)."

sparser
"The same studies shows that in the model of IL-1R3 interacting with the IL-1RaIL-1R1 complex, only domain 2 of IL-1R3 can take contact, resulting in unstable interaction."

sparser
"In vivo, IL-1ra binds to IL-1R1 without protein dimerization, thus inhibiting downstream activities [ xref ]."

reach
"For instance, anakinra binds to IL-1R1 and inhibits its interaction with IL-1β."

sparser
"For example, ANXA1-FPR1 system is potent effective mediators in anti-inflammatory processes xref , and their interaction was lost between CECs and ImCs in KC samples; IL1RN-IL1R1 are natural anti-inflammatory cytokines xref , and their interaction were eliminated between CECs and CSCs in KC samples."

sparser
"Modeling IL-1RA interactions with IL-1R1"

sparser
"IL-1Ra binds to the same IL-1R1 as IL-1α and IL-1β, thus limiting the pro-inflammatory signaling that these cytokines induce ( xref ; xref )."

sparser
"The results also showed that ligand–receptor binding associated with protease inhibition (e.g., TIMP1-EGFR) and anti-inflammatory processes (e.g., ANXA1-FPR1 and IL1RN-IL1R1) was notably absent in various cells in keratoconus, providing deeper insights for diagnosis and treatment."

sparser
"IL-1RA binds to IL-1R1 with similar affinity to its biologically active counterparts, though binding fails to initiate downstream, intracellular signaling [ xref ]."

sparser
"IL-1Ra binds the receptor IL-1R1 with a higher affinity than IL-1α or IL-1β, although without activation of the IL-1 signaling [ xref ]."

sparser
"We spotted that ANXA1-FPR1, and IL1RN-IL1R1, whose anti-inflammatory roles have been reported, were erased in KC samples, implying their impact on the increased inflammation in keratoconus."

sparser
"IL-1R1 can also bind the antagonist IL-1Ra, which blocks the formation of the signalling complex thereby inhibiting IL-1-induced receptor-mediated inflammatory activation."

sparser
"In this disease, the mutation characteristically disrupts the interaction of IL-1R1 with IL-1Ra."

sparser
"While IL-1R1 binds with IL-1Ra involving small conformational changes of the D3 domain [ xref ], significant changes were found when IL-1R1 binds with a peptide antagonist (AF10847)[ xref ]."

sparser
"IL-1Ra binds to the IL-1R1 but fails to induce recruitment of the co-receptor IL-1R3 (aka IL-1RAcP), thus preventing signal transduction via the IL-1R. This is how it works as a competitive antagonist for both IL-1α and IL-1β."

sparser
"Thus, in our study the binding of IL-1ra by sIL-1RI may be allowing the IL-1β-mediated effects."

sparser
"The stable complex of IL-1Ra-ABD with IL-1R established the absence of steric hindrance due to the addition of ABD to IL-1Ra."

reach
"Anakinra exerts its anti-inflammatory effects by binding to the IL-1R, which inhibits the interaction of both IL-1α and IL-1β with the receptor."

sparser
"Despite of the isoform, IL-1RA binds to IL-1R1 with high affinity but does not initiate the signaling cascade, thus acting as a competitive inhibitor of IL-1α and IL-1β xref , xref ."

"Homozygous truncating mutations result in lack of secreted interleukin-1–receptor antagonist protein, which inhibits the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1α and interleukin-1β"

sparser
"Studies have reported that the loss of IL1RN-IL1R1 ligand–receptor binding may significantly impact the progression of keratoconus [ xref ]."

sparser
"IL-1Ra binds to IL-1R1 with a high affinity and inhibits IL-1α or IL-1β function ( xref )."

sparser
"Since IL-1Ra binds to IL-1R1 (common receptor for both IL-1β and IL-1α) ( xref ), it may inhibit the function of IL-1β and IL-1α cytokines."

sparser
"IL-1RA mainly binds IL-1R1, having little effect on IL-1R2, which is in agreement with their action as IL-1 inhibitor molecules [ xref ]."

reach
"Patients suffering from AID caused by increased IL-1β signaling showed good response with anakinra, rilonacept (recombinant IL-1 receptor IL-1R that binds to IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-1RA), and canakinumab (human monoclonal antibody that binds to IL-1β) (Georgin-Lavialle et al., 2019; Blackstone et al., 2023)."

sparser
"IL-1Ra competitively binds to IL-1R1, thereby blocking binding of IL1α and IL1β [ 82 ]."

sparser
"Additionally, the immune cells in the corneal stroma of KTCN exhibited a reduced expression of the anti-inflammatory gene IL1RN , along with the loss of ligand–receptor binding associated with IL1RN-IL1R1."

sparser
"Conversely, LTP amplitude decreased with IL-1Ra treatment, possibly by blocking IL-1R1, although the interaction between IL-1Ra and IL-1R1 was not determined [ xref ]."

sparser
"IL-1Ra binds to IL-1R1 without signaling and blocks binding of IL-1α/β xref ( xref )."

sparser
"Anakinra as IL-1RA binds to the IL-1R and consequently prevents the binding of IL-1α as well as IL-1β to IL-1R1 and blocks their activity [ xref , xref ]."

sparser
"Since IL-1RA interacts with IL-1R1, IL-1RAP, and the IL- 1R1+IL-1RAP complex (Fig. 1), three-dimensional structures of the corresponding proteins were required for modeling and analysis."

reach
"IL-1RN inhibits the activities of IL-1alpha and IL-1beta by binding to receptor IL1R1."

sparser
"The availability of anakinra, a nonglycosylated recombinant human IL-1Ra that binds to IL-1R1 competitively inhibiting IL-1 signaling, provides an interesting and safe tool for therapeutic intervention."

sparser
"IL-1Ra bound IL-1R1 cannot productively signal through IL-1R3."

sparser
"Modeling interaction of standard IL-1RA with IL-1R1."

sparser
"According to the contact list of template residues, serine at position 130 of the IL-1RA molecule binds to leucine at position 237 of IL-1R1 (see Table 4)."

sparser
"Modeling interaction of IL-1RA with the rs315952 polymorphism with IL-1R1."

sparser
"Thus, based on the interactions of IL-1RA with the rs315952 polymorphism with IL-1R1, we cannot draw a definitive conclusion regarding the polymorphism’s impact on its involvement in initiating the IL-1 signaling pathway."

sparser
"In addition, five amino acids are crucial for the interaction of IL-1RA with IL-1R [ xref ]."

sparser
"IL-1Ra binds IL-1R, making the receptor unavailable for binding IL-1α, without activating the IL-1α pathway, whereas the anti-IL-1α antibody sequesters unbound IL-1α and prevents it from binding to the receptor."

sparser
"Meanwhile, IL-1Ra competitively binds to IL-1R1, effectively blocking the interaction and subsequent signaling of IL-1α and IL-1β [ xref , xref ]."

sparser
"However, it was postulated that TLR4 activation in M1-like macrophages could suppress the production of an endogenous inhibitor of IL-1β, IL1Ra, which competitively binds to IL1R against IL-1β ( xref ), while in our study, we observed that SBP2 had the minimal effect of IL1Ra production in MMe."

sparser
"When the antagonistic IL-1RA binds to IL-1R1, it competes with IL-1α and IL-1β and induces conformational changes that prevent IL-1RAP recruitment [ xref ]."

sparser
"However, against this hypothesis is our observation that IL-1Ra was able to antagonize LPS-driven inflammation, which itself requires the binding of IL-1Ra to type I IL-1R."

sparser
"This is exemplified for IL-1RA [ 33 , 34 ], which binds to IL-1R1 with the same affinity than IL-1 [ 35 ]."

sparser
"IL-1Ra binds to IL-1R1, and this cytokine work as the inhibitor of IL-1α and IL-1β ( xref , xref ) ( xref )."

sparser
"IL1RA binds to the interleukin 1 receptor type 1 (IL1R1) and blocks its activation."

sparser
"IL-1Ra binds IL-1R1 without recruitment of IL-1RAcP, resulting in the inhibition of IL-1α and IL-1β binding in a competitive manner."

sparser
"A similar effect was observed in IL1-R1 KO mice, suggesting that at high concentrations of IL-1Ra typically observed in obesity, IL-1Ra can contribute to the development of insulin resistance in a mechanism independent of IL-1Ra binding to IL-1R1."

reach
"On the mRNA level of MSC, we found IL1RN, which binds to IL1R on the cell surface with subsequent inhibition of the IL1beta signaling pathway, to be upregulated from a low basal level of expression upon stimulation with the PTC (318-fold) or IL1beta (107-fold) and to remain unchanged after stimulation with IL6, IL8, C3a and C5a in concentrations used in the " cocktail " (XREF_FIG)."

sparser
"IL-1Ra binds with IL-1R [ xref , xref ], and IL-1R signaling is critical for neutrophil function [ xref , xref , xref ]."

sparser
"Moreover, IL-1RA can also bind IL-1R1 without inducing an activator signal, taking the place of IL-1β [ xref , xref ]."

sparser
"As an antagonist, binding of IL-1Ra to IL-1R1 prevents its coupling with IL-1RAcP and further signaling."

sparser
"This may be because IL-1RA directly binds IL-1R, but not IL-1β, to block the biological effects of IL-1β."

sparser
"IL-1Ra competitively binds to IL-1R1 but does not have the capacity to activate IL-1 signaling."

sparser
"IL-1Ra binds to IL-1R on ECs and prevents proinflammatory events initiated by an IL-1 β  : IL-1R interaction, including enhanced influx of neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes in inflamed lungs [ xref ]."

sparser
"In addition, the receptor antagonist IL-1Ra can bind to IL-1R1, and thereby prevents the formation of the IL-1R complex [ xref ]."

sparser
"IL-1RA binds to IL-1R with a high affinity and competitively interferes with the binding of IL-1 to IL-1R as an inhibitory protein for IL-1 activity."

reach
"Anakinra binds IL-1R1 blocking both IL-1α and IL-1β actions."

sparser
"The results showed that the competitive binding of IL-1Ra to the IL-1R reduced the recruitment of macrophages and the phagocytosis of copper ions triggers intracellular ROS production, leading to macr[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

sparser
"IL-1Ra is able to bind to the IL-1R with similar affinity as IL-1α and IL-1β and inhibit IL-1 activity."

sparser
"Currently, several commercially available drugs target the IL-1 pathway, such as anakinra (IL-1RA that binds to IL-1R1), canakinumab (a human monoclonal IgG1 antibody for blocking IL-1β), rilonacept (a soluble decoy fusion protein that competitively binds to IL-1R) and gevokizumab (a humanized monoclonal anti-IL-1β) ( xref )."

sparser
"IL-1Ra binds to IL-1R1, but is unable to activate the IL-1 intracellular signaling pathways [ xref ]."

sparser
"While IL-1 binding induces receptor signaling through additional binding to the IL-1 receptor accessory protein, IL-1Ra solely binds the IL-1R1 and, thus, acts as a competitive inhibitor."

reach
"Both IL-1RA and anakinra bind to the IL-1R in the same manner and interfere with the binding of IL-1α and IL-1β, thereby blocking their activity.Anakinra is administered subcutaneously (SC) in a daily injection containing 100 mg/0.67 mL solution."

reach
"Thus, the availability of IL1R2 transcripts for analyses in this study may have been diluted by mRNA transcripts produced by the other cell types.Functional IL-1RN binds to IL-1R and inhibits interact[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

sparser
"IL-1Ra binds to IL-1R1 but unlike IL-1α or IL-1β, the binding of IL-1Ra to IL-1R1 does not result in signaling."

sparser
"Functional IL-1RN binds to IL-1R and inhibits interaction of IL-1 α and IL-1 β signaling ligands with the receptor ( Seckinger et al., 1987 )."

sparser
"Firstly, we examined the expression levels of IL1A, its receptor IL1R1, and the antagonist IL1R1-IL1RN in four cell types ( xref a)."

sparser
"Recombinant human IL-1Ra (rhIL-1Ra) as a genetically engineered drug has been found to have the same biological function as natural IL-1Ra both of which can bind specifically to IL-1R to inhibit various inflammatory diseases, like encephalomyelitis [ xref ], intestinal mucositis [ xref ], arthritis [ xref ], and even cancer [ xref , xref ]."

reach
"However, anakinra can inhibit the activity of IL-1α and IL-1β by binding to IL-1R [41], thereby reducing the inflammatory response and tissue damage caused by IL-1 (Fig. 1, created with biorender.com)."

sparser
"With high affinity, IL-1Ra binds to IL-1R1 and, thus, inhibits IL-1α or IL-1β activity [ xref ]."

sparser
"IL-1ra binds to the IL-1R but exerts no biological activity and therefore functions as a competitive inhibitor of IL-1 signaling."

sparser
"IL-1Ra binds to IL-1R1 and competitively blocks IL-α and IL-1β [ xref ]."

sparser
"IL-1 signaling can be inhibited by the endogenous ligand IL-1Ra, which can bind to IL-1R1 without inducing the dimerization with IL-1RAcP resulting in prevention of IL-1 signaling [60] ."

sparser
"It has been established that IL-1Ra binds to IL-1R1 and thus antagonizes biological effects of IL-1 [ xref ]."

sparser
"IL-1Ra binds IL-1R, blocks IL-1R association with the accessory protein IL-1RAcP, and thereby interferes with IL-1 binding to the receptor."

sparser
"IL-1Ra competitively binds to IL-1R1, thereby impeding the ability of IL-1β and IL-1α to bind to and signal through the receptor."

sparser
"PE increases the expression of IL-1Ra in the CNS, which leads to the binding of IL-1Ra to IL-1R expressed on microglia, which inhibits the activity of IL-1α or IL-1β and thereby reduces microglial activation ( xref )."

sparser
"IL-1Ra binds with IL-1R [ xref , xref ], and IL-1R signaling is critical for neutrophil function [ xref , xref , xref ]."

sparser
"IL-1Ra, which binds to IL-1Rs without transmitting an activation signal, represents a physiological inhibitor of pre-formed IL-1."

sparser
"It is possible that IL-1RA may bind to IL-1R, modulating NFκB pathway members xref , altering the phosphorylation status of AR, and ultimately leading to AR stabilization."

sparser
"Firstly, IL-1RA competitively binds to the IL-1R1 with a high affinity to prevent its binding with agonistic ligands."

sparser
"In contrast, anti-inflammatory IL-1RA binds to the IL-1R1 and blocks signaling events due to its lack of an essential IL-1R accessory protein (Tack et al., xref )."

sparser
"IL-1Ra binds to IL-1R with an avidity equal to that of IL-1 but fails to stimulate the cells, thus functioning as an inhibitor of IL-1 binding."

sparser
"There are a limited number of anti-inflammatory therapies that target IL-1 signaling; this includes anakinra (commercially known as Kineret), a recombinant form of IL-1Ra that binds competitively to IL-1R and non-selectively blocks downstream signaling [ xref ]."

sparser
"IL-1RA is structurally related to IL-1α and IL-1β (described above) and binds the shared IL-1R1 with similar high affinity as IL-1β."

sparser
"However, subtle structural differences between IL-1β and IL-1RA result in the inability of the co-receptor IL-1RacP to be recruited to the complex following binding of IL-1RA to IL-1R1 [ xref ]."

sparser
"Polymorphisms in the IL-1β, IL-1RA, or IL-1R genes (as well as IL-6) have been reported in children with FS xref and could result in the following pro-convulsant circumstances: excessive 1L-1β release with saturation of IL-1Rs, defective IL-1RA production, inadequate IL-1RA release, defective IL-1RA binding to IL-1R. These genetic variations could provide yet another explanation for some of the extreme variability in the absolute cytokine levels in seen in our subjects."

sparser
"IL-1Ra competitively binds to the IL-1R1, receptor of IL-1beta, and blocks its activation ( Palomo et al., 2015 ) However, elevated levels of IL-1Ra were shown to be associated with increased risk of [MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"