IndraLab

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"An increase in free cytosolic calcium activates Ca2+ and calmodulin dependent CAM kinases and triggers cytoskeletal changes (e.g. polymerization of F-actin)."

"Calmodulin is the best studied and prototypical example of the e-f-hand family of ca2+-sensing proteins. In the event of a transient rise in Ca2+, the Ca2+ ion is coordinated in each Ca2+-binding loop of Ca2+–CaM by seven, primarily carboxylate, ligands. The binding of Ca2+ leads to substantial alterations in the interhelical angles within the E–F hands in each domain and dramatically changes the two domains of CaM to produce more ‘open’ conformations"

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"Binding of four calcium ions induces a conformational change in calmod- ulin which can then activate a large number of proteins."

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"The results in this research indicated that, 14-3-3 F, CPK17, and ATPase3 were increased by 600 mmol L Ca , and calmodulin 1 was increased by 1200 mmol L Ca also (Table 1, Table 3)."

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"This suggests that a calcium wave that reaches the soma and triggers a massive long lasting regenerative calcium release in the nucleus may activate CAM kinase IV and gene transcription in the absence[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

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"Cam1 – this family has an N-terminal helical transmembrane (TM) domain fused to a C-terminal CARF domain and is activated by cA , resulting in membrane depolarization (32)."

"Treatment with igf-1 or insulin and dexamethasone mobilizes intracellular calcium, activates the ca2+/calmodulin-dependent phosphatase calcineurin, and induces the nuclear translocation of the transcription factor nf-atc1."