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CXXC1 methylates CDKN2A. 87 / 87
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"EBNA3C inactivation did not alter p16(INK4A) promoter CpG methylation, but reduced already low H3K27me3, relative to resting B cells, and increased H3K4me3 and H3-acetylation, linking EBNA3C inactivation to histone modifications associated with increased transcription."

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"In skeletal muscle, CpG sites in CDKN2A , DUSP9 , HNF4A , HHEX , KCNQ1 , KLF11 , PPARGC1A and SLC30A8 were differentially methylated."

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"In HCT116 cells, the CDKN2A (p16) genes are CpG-methylated in one allele but not in the other allele (i.e., there exist one copy of CpG-methylated and another copy of unmethylated CDKN2A (p16) gene) [ xref ]."

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"In addition, both the EBV- and MSI-H-types have been found to display a distinct clinicopathological phenotype, in sharing high CpG island methylation of the p16 gene [29] ."

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"Of 12 HCCs with lower p16 mRNA expression level, 11 cases showed p16 promoter CpG islands methylation (91.6%)."

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"In ameloblastic carcinoma, aberrant CpG island methylation of p16 was identified however there were no mutational alterations in p53 exons 5–8 [ xref ]."

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"CpG methylation of p16 (CDKN2A) was detectable in various precancerous and tumor cells after laser capture microdissection."

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"P16INK4a methylation at individual CpG sites."

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"Results of detection of the p16 CpG methylation in six samples from different rats were illustrated here for each kind of pathological lesion. 76 H. Bai et al. / Mutation Research 535 (2003) 73–78 Fig. 2."

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"11 All four of the invasive carcinomas showing p16 CpG island methylation also showed ppENK gene methylation."

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"It was found that CpG sites on p16 gene were significantly more methylated than controls and that p16 mRNA expression negatively correlated with the amount of chromium exposure in human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE), following chromium (VI) exposure xref ."

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"Similarly, the mean age of 4 patients who had PanINs showing p16 CpG island methylation was also older (70.8 years) than that of the other 25 patients (62.0 years)."

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"We have not observed CpG island methylation of the ppENK and p16 gene in normal pancreatic tissues, but it is possible that such aberrant methylation quickly results in clonal expansion and is thu[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

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"Aberrant CpG island methylation of the p16(INK4a) and estrogen receptor genes in rat lung tumors induced by particulate carcinogens."

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"Conclusions: Our results indicate that carrying the minor allele of the MAFK polymorphisms, particularly when they are located in the 3'-UTR, has a high risk for the severity of gastric mucosal atrophy; furthermore, CDKN2A CpG methylation may develop in subjects with homozygous minor allele of these polymorphisms."

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"The difference of the methylating rates in both smokers and non-smokers was significant to suggest the closely association of CpG island methylation of p16 with smoking."

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"P16 promoter CpG island methylation likely made p16 expressing silence thus contributed to the tumorigenesis of lung adenocarcinoma."

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"Smoking is likely to promote p16 CpG island methylation or by its effect of the activity and metabolism of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT) on CpG island methylation status."

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"In this regard, a nucleosome boundary is likely to be present around the target site for sgRNA_mid2 in CpG-methylated p16INK4a in the human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line AGS xref ."

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"The above authors also analyzed six PCNSL for p16 INK4A CpG island methylation and detected aberrant patterns in three, in which p16 INK4A mRNA or pro[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

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"In this analysis, CpG methylation of genes (yes/no status) APC, GSTP1, MGMT , and P16 was not associated with any risk factors (data not shown)."

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"IP6 administration resulted into the decrease of promoter CpG methylation of both p16 and MLH1 genes."

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"In genome analysis, the CpG methylation of p16 (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A) is observed in all ameloblastic carcinoma samples, but only one ameloblastoma specimen exhibits the mutation."

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"In genome analysis, the CpG methylation of p16 (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A) is observed in all ameloblastic carcinoma samples, but only one ameloblastoma specimen exhibits the mutation."

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"Specifically, the CpG island methylation in p16 and p21 were examined by MSP in early passage hBMDS cells as well as the clonal line from hBMDS cells."

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"Chi-square analyses were applied to study the correlation between p16 expression and p16 CpG methylation, the differences in p16 methylation, and differences in p16 expression between normal, precance[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

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"Twenty-seven percent (11 of 40) of NHLs at diagnosis and 31% (4 of 13) at relapse had p16 CpG island methylation."

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"In the present study, we detected p16 CpG island methylation in rat glandular stomach epithelial cells in precancerous and cancerous tissues induced by chemical carcinogen MNNG, and in normal mucosa of normal rats that were not subjected to carcinogen treatment."

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"CpG island methylation of p16 also correlated with patient age and metastatic status [ xref ]."

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"CpG methylation of the p16INK4a, RASSF1A, E cadherin, and GSTP1 genes was correlated to the reduction of mRNA levels in the cell lines, and mRNA expression of these 4 genes were indeed restored by low concentrations (2-6 micromol/L) of As2O3 through demethylation, as well as 1 micromol/L of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine."

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"Results from the GMDR model showed that interaction existed among the high exposure of 1-hydroxy pyrene and the CpG island methylation of p16, FHIT in CINⅠ and CINⅡ/Ⅲ group."

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"Conclusion: Under the high exposure of 1-hydroxy pyrene and the CpG island methylation of p16, FHIT appeared to have increased the risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and causing synergistic effect in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia."

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"Therefore, in this study, we examined the prevalence of promoter CpG island methylation of DAPK , p16 , and MGMT in tissues and plasma of cervical cancer patients."

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"5’CpG island methylation of p16 and p15 genes might be an early event in hepatocellular carcinogenesis."

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"In this regard, because 1 μg of MeCP2 did not completely suppress the amplification of the CpG-methylated p14ARF ( Fig. S8D ), amplification of methylated p14ARF would be detected."

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"Because 5'CpG islands methylation of p16 and p15 genes might be an early event in HCC xref - xref , and because the gene expression due to extensive CpG island methylation had accepted as the main cause of inactivation of the p16 gene xref , the risk of p16 methylation directly response to the pathogenesis of HCC."

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"The low frequency of p16 Ink4a CpG methylation found could therefore be explained by the occurrence of methylation po[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

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"We used two different technical approaches to detect changes in CpG methylation in the promoter region of the CDKN2A gene; methylation-specific PCR (MSP) analysis of bisulfite-converted DNA and methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MS-MLPA)."

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"Interestingly, there was significant negative correlation between the levels of p16 mRNA and promoter methylation at the fourth CpG site (Pearson's r = −0.88, p < 0.05)."

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"Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry was applied to detect methylation of CpG sites in the promoter region of the P16 gene; polymerase chain reaction was performed to assess HPV16 infection in the 2 groups."

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"In human PGL samples, promoter CpG methylation of the p16 INK4A gene alone as well as promoter methylation of at least 3 of the following genes RASSF1A , NORE1A ,p16 INK4A , RARB , DCR2 , CDH1 and APC (i.e. CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP)) but notp14 ARF has been shown to correlate with aggressive tumor behavior xref , xref ."

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"An oncogenetic tree model was built using data on mutations of TP53, KRAS2, APC , and BRAF genes, methylation at CpG sites of MLH1 and p16 genes, methylation in tumor (MINT) markers, and microsatellite instability (MSI) for 971 colon tumors from a population-based series."

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"DNA damage of PBMCs and the p14(ARK), p15(INK4b) and p16(INK4a) gene CpG island methylation in the promoter region were detected by comet assay and methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction techniques, respectively."

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"In addition to mutation and homozygous deletions, frequent 5′-CpG island methylation of CDKN2A gene resulting in transcriptional silencing of this gene is noted as an important event in the development of EC."

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"DNA methylation of TP53 and p16 at CpG sites was quantified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) of the MassArray system (Sequenom EpiTYPER [MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

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"Aberrant CpG island methylation of the p16(INK4a) and estrogen receptor genes in rat lung tumors induced by particulate carci­nogens."

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"The aim of the current study was to investigate p16 CpG island methylation and establish any correlation with mRNA expression in a north Indian population."

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"Expression of p16, CDKN2A HD and 5' CDKN2A CpG island methylation was studied in 25 oligodendrogliomas by immunohistochemistry and PCR amplification."

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"This observation suggests that the 5′ CpG island methylation of the p16 gene is another important mechanism by which p16 expression is regulated in leukemia, especially in B-ALL and AML."

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"When 20 ng of HCT116 gDNA was used as a template DNA, 0.2–1 μg of MeCP2 strongly suppressed amplification of the CpG-methylated p14ARF while 2 μg suppressed it nearly completely ( Figs."

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"The main genetic alterations are deletions (bi- or monoallelic) or 5' CpG island methylation of p15 and p16; very few cases or cell lines had p18 or p19 deletions or hypermethylation."

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"There was no significant correlation between P16 CpG methylation and HPV16 infection in Uyghur patients with CSCC."

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"Note that p16INK4a CpG island methylation is associated with its transcriptional silencing [ xref ]."

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"The overall genome CpG methylation and promoter methylation of PTEN and CDKN2A were unaffected in the lesions."

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"iChIP-SILAC analysis identifies epigenetic regulators of CpG methylation of the p16INK4A gene."

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"Accordingly, the investigators observed the CpG methylation of p16 in all collected ameloblastic carcinoma specimens."

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"CpG methylation of the p16 gene was observed in all ameloblastic carcinoma samples."

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"Because p16 protein has been shown to be involved in cell senescence in normal T lymphocytes [17,18] and the 2A and 2B malignant T-cell lines displayed p16 expression only after several days from the [MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

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"Leda et al. found the level of p16 CpG methylation to increase in highly lead-exposed individuals and that this might indicate that gene-specific hypermethylation could be involved in the mechanism of[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

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"Results were supported by modulation of global DNA methylation and the modulation of promoter CpG methylation of p16, MLH1, and COX-2 genes."

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"ORNi-PCR with ORN_p16_U and ORN_p16_M strongly suppressed the amplification of the target CDKN2A (p16) sequence from bisulfite-treated unmethylated and CpG-methylated human gDNA, respectively, as shown in xref A. Amplification from bisulfite-treated HCT116 gDNA was moderately suppressed by each ORN, probably due to the hemi-allelic CpG methylation of CDKN2A (p16) ."

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"A group of researchers in Bangladesh evaluated prenatal exposure to As and its association with DNA methylation [ xref ], finding higher methylation in some of the CpG sites of the p16 gene, which is involved in cell regulation, and also codifies a tumor suppressor protein [ xref ]."

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"To this end, we mixed gDNA of HCT116 (one copy of each CpG-methylated and unmethylated CDKN2A (p16) ) and 293T (two copies of unmethylated CDKN2A (p16) ), so that the CpG-methylated CDKN2A (p16) accounted for 5–0.05% of total CDKN2A (p16) , and then subjected them to bisulfite treatment."

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"5'CpG islands methylation of p16 and p15 genes might be an early event in hepatocarcinogenesis."

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"Southern blots showed methylation of p15 at one CpG site in an Eag I site, and no methylation of p16 at one CpG site in a Sac II site."

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"A Greek case-control study showed that CpG methylation of p16 was completed in high Pb-exposed individuals (BLL, 51∼100 μg/dL), but was partially methylated in low BLL subjects (6∼11 μg/dL) and unmethylated in unexposed people [88]."

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"Thus, there were no significant differences in the methylation of all the 7 CpG sites of p16 gene."

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"LINE-1 methylation level is inversely associated with CpG island methylation of the MLH1 , CDKN2A , TIMP2 , APC , ER and MYOD genes, and the CIMP gene in normal colonic mucosa [87] ."

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"CpG island methylation in p16 Ink4a was observed in a subset of BRAF V637E -induced serrated adenomas with dysplasia and carcinomas [ xref ]."

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"Effect of VPA/hydralazine on CpG island methylation of CDKN2A in mammary tumors."

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"Our study reports that high CpG island methylation of p16 gene and loss of p16 protein expression associate with the development and progression of ToF, which may have significant therapeutic applications for ToF."

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"Pyrosequencing provided a sensitive tool for detecting CpG promoter methylation of CDKN2A gene and allowed quantitative assessment of the degree of methylation, because tumor samples often represent[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

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"Vit B12 and folates correlated with DNA methylation in specific CpG sites of p16 , MGMT , and MLH1 genes."

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"Since it has been reported that BCC retain wild-type p16(INK4A) and here BCC with CpG-methylation of 14-3-3sigma did not show CpG-methylation of p16(INK4A) (0/17), silencing of 14-3-3sigma may contribute to evasion of senescence in BCC."

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"P16 CpG methylation correlated with gastric carcinogenesis The methylation status of p16 was analyzed by MSP in various MNNG-induced precancerous and cancerous lesions in the glandular stomach of male Wistar rats."

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"Significant correlation between folates and methylation at specific CpG sites of p16 and MLH1 were different from those linked to arsenic exposure; in this study, we found correlations with methylation of p16 sites 3 and 5 and MLH1 site 4, compared with sites 1 both in p16 and MLH1 associated with arsenic exposure."

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"Many studies have investigated the potential role of expression genes for prognostic use, and unsurprisingly most of them are similar to those with a high potential for diagnostic use; in example, promoter CpG methylation of HLTF and CDKN2A is used with prognostic and diagnostic functions in tumours [ xref , xref ]."

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"It was not a surprise that the assessment of CDKN2A CpG island methylation in our study exhibited hypermethylation in tumor tissue in comparison to the normal control in all of the analyzed human tumors with statistically significant results."

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"Conversely, there were no significant changes in CpG methylation in the p16 and p21 genes (data not shown)."

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"CpG island methylation of p16 gene, which has been observed in prostate cell lines, appears rare in prostate cancer tissues ( xref ; xref ; xref ; xref ; xref ; xref )."

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"Arisawa et al. (2008) demonstrated a relationship between NRF2 promoter polymorphisms and the CpG island methylation of p14(ARF), p16(INK4a) and p21(Waf1) genes in humans with (GC group) or without (n[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

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"iChIP combined with quantitative mass spectrometry identified DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) and epigenetic regulators as proteins that potentially interact with a region of the p16 INK4A gene that is CpG-methylated in one allele in HCT116 cells."

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"CIMP+ tumors are identified based on promoter CpG island methylation of CDKN2A and MLH1 genes, and these tumors tend to have a unique molecular and clinicopathological profile compared to CIMP lesions."

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"On the other hand, the human p14ARF has a 5&apos;CpG island in its promoter region, and some cell lines also have 5&apos;CpG island methylation in the regulatory region of the p14ARF gene."

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"Meanwhile, SW-480 cells revealed evidence of high levels of CpG island methylation of p16 gene, yet unmethylated band was evident."

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"Results showed that p16 CpG methylation was detectable in various microdissected target cells (Fig. 1)."

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"Sex, BO segment length and histological diagnosis were combined with p16, HPP1 and RUNX3 CpG methylation status as well as a methylation index with a score of 0–3 was considered."