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"We have recently reported that the hypertension in response to placental ischemia is associated with increases in plasma levels of sFlt-1, sEng, TNF-α, and AT1-AA. xref , xref We also demonstrated that chronic infusion of TNF-α or AT1-AA, at rates to mimic the increase of these factors observed in placental ischemic pregnant rats, significantly contributes to elevated blood pressures. xref – xref Moreover, we found that chronic infusion of TNF-α in pregnant rats stimulated the production of AT1-AA and the blood pressure response to TNF-α or AT1-AA were attenuated by treatment with an angiotensin type 1 receptor antagonist. xref , xref Although these findings suggest an important interaction between TNF-α and AT1-AA in the blood pressure response to placental ischemia, it is unknown whether these factors interact in regulating sFlt-1 and sEng production."