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RET activates ERK. 42 / 44
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"PF573228 also inhibited RET- dependent activation of Akt and ERK1/2 in MCF7 cells to a similar degree as SPP86."
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"18 Our experiments do not address whether RET phosphorylates T185, which will be important in determining whether RET can independently activate ERK or requires additional contributions from another [MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
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"It has been reported that the phosphorylation of Ret tyrosine 1062 (Tyr1062) can induce RAS/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathways,[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
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"RET signaling activates ERK or AKT signaling depending on context, but phosphorylation of p70S6 kinase is markedly increased in all cases."
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"Phosphorylation of RET induced ERK activation and the migration of pancreatic cancer cells XREF_BIBR."
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"Although the effects of Ret signaling on GIRK2 have not been studied, it is tempting to speculate that the modulation of Ras and Mapk signaling by Ret and DJ-1 also affects GIRK2 function and vulnerability of dopaminergic neurons."
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"Inhibition of either RET or MEK decreased ERK activity by approximately 50% in this assay, while inhibition of both decreased ERK activity by 95%."
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"Ret activates the Ras and Erk MAP kinase, PLCgamma-Ca + and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways, all of which are important for normal kidney development."
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"PF573228 also inhibited RET- dependent activation of Akt and ERK1/2 in MCF7 cells to a similar degree as SPP86 (Figures  xref and xref )."
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"RET and PTC stimulates both the PI3K and AKT and the ERK pathways by recruiting several adaptors to phosphorylated Y1062."
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"These differences suggest that although both BRAF mutation and the RET and PTC1 rearrangement are able to activate the MEK and ERK signal transduction pathway, other pathways not affected by PD0325901 may be involved in PTC cells with the RET and PTC rearrangements."
20587665
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"Using a combination of drug screening and proteomic and biochemical profiling , we identified an adaptive resistance to RET inhibitors that reactivates ERK signaling within hours of drug exposure ."
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"We found that activation of FGFR signaling is a mechanism of adaptive resistance to RET inhibitors that activates ERK signaling ."
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"RET rearrangements stimulate MAPK/ERK signaling in PTC, and treating RET/PTC-expressing PTC cells with a kinase inhibitor targeting RET (pralsetinib) reduced p-ERK1/2 and decreased uptake of dextran and albumin by 20% and 24%, respectively (Fig. 3G-I)."
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"Abnormal fusion of RET can activate RAS/MAPK, ERK, PI3K/AKT, JAK/STAT, and other downstream signaling pathways."
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"It has been reported that RET activates ERK and JNK signaling pathways [56,57]."
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"In this region, GFRAL signals through Ret proto-oncogene (RET) to induce activation of AKT, ERK1/2, and PLCγ ( Figure 1 ) ( Tsai et al., 2018 )."
32877689
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"RET signaling can activate both the PI3K and AKT and MAPK and ERK signaling pathways through phosphorylation of tyrosine 1062 in RET."
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"RET9 and RET51 activate PI3K and AKT and ERK signalling with different dynamics and have distinct abilities to recruit Src or Frs2, suggesting differential activation of downstream targetsby the two main RET isoforms."
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"Figure xref demonstrates AZD1480-mediated inhibition of NPM-ALK and EML4-ALK autophosphorylation and inhibition of ERK activation by CCDC6-RET in LC-2/ad cells."
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"In transfection studies, the RET double mutant (G691S/S891A or G691S/K666E) activated the ERK1/2 pathway more than a single pathogenic mutant [114,115]."
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"Using the neuroectodermic SK-N-MC cell line, we found that the Ret tyrosine kinase activity is essential for GDNF to induce phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and ERK pathways as well as cell rescue."
11535584
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"RET phosphorylation activates the AKT, ERK1/2, and PKC signaling pathways."
38892145
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"The absence of effect in ERK phosphorylation after BRAF inhibition by RNAi in TPC1 cell line suggests that RET and PTC1 activates ERK by a mechanism independent of wild-type BRAF."
19878585
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"Ret induces the serine/threonine kinase AKT and extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) signaling which mediate pro survival and neurotrophic activities."
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"6 , 7 Together with a reported in vitro study demonstrating that RET‐GOLGA5 fusion gene accelerates the cell proliferation by activating AKT, ERK, S6, and PLCy‐1, 8 it remains possible that RET‐GOLGA5 fusion gene in the main enlarging nodule of the present case was acquired by internal irradiation therapy with radioiodine after thyroidectomy, enhancing the growth rate as well as modifying epigenetically the morphology and immunophenotype of one of the metastatic nodules of PTC."
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"Here we show that the 3 proteins function along a linear oncogenic signaling cascade in which RET and PTC induces RAS dependent BRAF activation and RAS- and BRAF dependent ERK activation."
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"However, constitutive activation of ERK caused by a RET and PTC oncogene may or may not be sufficient to induce all hallmarks of cancer in vivo."
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"The authors speculated that in the double mutants, the ERK MAPK pathway might be activated by RET via an alternative pathway involving PLC-gamma, allowing kidney development to proceed normally, and they did not suggest that other signaling molecules might substitute for GDNF under these conditions."
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"RET can activate ERK through the classical Ras-Raf-Mek signaling pathway."
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"Specifically, GDNF treatment of the DAergic like SH-SY5Y cell line induced long lasting increases in the growth factor 's levels, resulting in long lasting activation of Ret and Ret mediated activation of ERK1/2."
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"Crucially, PTC is driven by well-characterized oncogenic pathways, such as mutations in the BRAF and RAS genes and rearrangements in RET/PTC, which activate the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt signaling cascades [25]."
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"RET receptor tyrosine kinase autophosphorylation can activate various signaling pathways including RAS/ERK, PI3K/AKT and p38MAPK ( Worby et al., 1996; Xing et al., 1998; Chiariello et al., 1998; Trupp[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
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"In fact, 85-90% of papillary carcinomas possess RET, NTRK1, BRAF or RAS mutations that induce MEK and ERK signaling."
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"For example, the dominant mutations in the Ret receptor tyrosine kinase activate the Ras/ERK, Src, and JNK pathways [21]."
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"We cannot rule out that RET/PTC1 activates ERK independently of its kinase activity, or that other effectors mediate ERK activation in these cells."
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"It has been reported that RET activates ERK and JNK signaling pathways [44,45]."
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"GDNF promotes cancer progression by binding to GDNF family receptors α1-3 and RET proto-oncogene (RET), which initiate the downstream activation of several signaling pathways, including RAS/ERK, MAPK, JNK, and PI3-K/Akt [105,106]."
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"7-20% of PTC harbors a gene fusion involving the receptor tyrosine kinase RET, and such RET/PTC rearrangements promote constitutive MAPK/ERK activity (22)."
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"Indeed, in a neuroectodermic cell line, AKT activation by Ret was shown to be essential to counteract the apoptotic signal on mitochondria, and Ret-mediated activation of ERK was found to contribute t[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
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"Western blot analyses showed that RET inhibition abolishes AKT and ERK1/2 activation."
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"Along the same lines, phosphorylation of Tyr1062 of RET and its association with SHC are stronger for RET-MEN2B than for RET MEN2A mutants, resulting in higher activation of the Ras and ERK and the PI[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
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