IndraLab
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eidos
"As shown in Fig. 2h , HIF1alpha stabilization resulting from APIP overexpression and hypoxic stress was remarkably inhibited by the treatment with LY294002 , a PI3K inhibitor , or rapamycin , an mTOR inhibitor , suggesting that PI3K-AKT and mTOR contribute to the increase in HIF1alpha levels via APIP under hypoxia ."
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"In addition, expression of glucose transporters and the isozyme 1 of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK1) are increased by mTOR mediated HIF-1alpha (hypoxia inducible factor 1alpha) translation, driving glycolysis for ATP generation in the absence of oxygen and mitochondrial respiration [XREF_BIBR]."
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"XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR Several indirect methods for targeting HIF-1alpha signaling exist, including mTOR inhibition to prevent HIF-1alpha synthesis, histone deacetylase inhibition to decrease HIF driven transcription, and unfolded protein response inhibition to decrease transcription that is dependent on HIF cofactors such as XBP1."
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"Based on these data and other results not discussed here, we propose a model whereby tPA either released in the synaptic cleft following the onset of cerebral ischemia or intravenously administered interacts with LRP1, leading to NMDAR mediated mTOR activation, mTOR induced HIF-1alpha accumulation, HIF-1alpha-induced recruitment of the neuronal transporter of glucose GLUT3 to the neuronal plasma membrane, and GLUT3 mediated uptake of glucose by neurons in the ischemic brain."
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"Drugs may also act indirectly by antibody binding of elevated levels of extracellular angiogenic growth factors eg, bevacizumab (Avastin (R), Genentech), acting on overexpressed receptors on tumor cells themselves eg, sunitinib, sorafenib (Nexavar (R), Bayer) or by inhibiting related pathways such as mTOR upregulation of VEGF and HIF1alpha eg, temsirolimus (Torisel (R), Wyeth)."
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"Treatment of macrophages and DCs with LPS increases expression of the transcription factor HIF-1α [35,36], possibly by mTOR-dependent activation of HIF-1α which occurs through interaction of the Raptor component of mTOR with its signaling motif located in the N terminus of HIF-1α [37]."
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"Some examples include the activation of regulatory subunit HIF-1α by Akt and mTOR [ xref ], the inhibition of Myc by HIF under hypoxic conditions and cooperation between the two molecules to promote cancer cell growth [ xref ], and the inhibition of HIF-1α via high p53 expression [ xref ]."
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"The phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR can intensify the hypoxic induction of HIF-1alpha at the translational level, and promotes the stabilization and activation of HIF-1alpha, which regulates intracellular glucose utilization and angiogenesis, eventually promoting the growth of tumor cells."
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"We demonstrated that MB induced neuronal protection is mediated via activation of HIF-1, and proposed that MB stabilizes and increases HIF-1, a regulatory subunit of HIF-1 by 1) increasing glucose metabolism, culminating in increased endogenous pyruvate, which is consistent with increased ATP concentration, 2) activating EPO and mTOR signaling pathways, and 3) stimulating nuclear localization of HIF-1alpha."
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"Taken together with the effects of cycloheximide (XREF_FIG) and the known role of mTOR in promoting HIF-1alpha protein synthesis, these results suggest that the mTOR dependent increase in HIF-1alpha reflects increased HIF-1alpha synthesis, whereas the mTOR independent effect reflects decreased HIF-1alpha degradation during IH as a result of decreased prolyl hydroxylation."
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"MTOR integrates extracellular growth signals with such cellular responses as proliferation, autophagy, metabolism, cell growth, and survival. xref mTOR activates HIF1α and inhibits neuronal apoptosis in the developing rat brain. xref , xref In contrast, inhibition of mTOR activity suppresses the expression of HIF1α, which determines sensitivity to mTOR inhibitors in cancers. xref , xref Deregulation of HIF1α appears to be essential to the disease process."
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"RAC-alpha serine/threonine protein kinase 1 or AKT1 activates mechanistic target of rapamycin or mTOR, which in turn activates HIF1A, whereas the tumor suppressor liver kinase B1 (STK11) activates AMP activated protein kinase or AMPK (PRKAA1) which can inhibit the activity of mTOR."