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USP16 is phosphorylated. 28 / 28
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sparser
"Knowing that Usp16 regulates the localization of Plk1 on the kinetochores by deubiquitinating Plk1, we wanted to know whether Plk1 positively regulates its own kinetochore localization by phosphorylating and activating Usp16."

rlimsp
"Knowing that Usp16 regulates the localization of Plk1 on the kinetochores by deubiquitinating Plk1, we wanted to know whether Plk1 positively regulates its own kinetochore localization by phosphorylating and activating Usp16."

sparser
"To identify the regulatory elements in the USP16 promotor region, a series of deletion fragments within p USP16 -A was generated (Fig.  xref a)."

sparser
"Collectively, our results strongly suggest that CDK1 promotes the interaction between Plk1 and Usp16 and enhances the phosphorylation of Usp16 by Plk1."

sparser
"CDK1 and Plk1 sequentially phosphorylate and activate Usp16, which in turn deubiquitinates Plk1 to maintain the kinase’s kinetochore localization and promote proper chromosome alignment in mitosis."

rlimsp
"RT-PCR with Usp16 specific primers confirmed equivalent mRNA expression, suggesting that Usp16 phosphorylation promotes protein degradation."

rlimsp
"Importantly, the combined use of CDK1 and Plk1 enhanced the phosphorylation of the peptide aa 150–600 (Fig. 3 B), which is consistent with our early finding that CDK1 is the priming kinase for Plk1 in Usp16 phosphorylation."

sparser
"Plk1 phosphorylates and activates Usp16."

rlimsp
"Next, we set out to investigate the function of Usp16 phosphorylation by Plk1."

sparser
"To determine the functional promoter region of the human USP16 gene, we cloned a 2324 bp 5′ flanking region of the USP16 gene into a promoter-lacking vector pGL4.10 to generate p USP16 -A (− 1856 bp to + 468 bp) plasmid."

sparser
"USP16 is phosphorylated when cells enter mitosis and dephosphorylated during the metaphase/anaphase transition."

sparser
"As with Usp8 phosphorylation of S680, serine phosphorylation of USP16 and USP44 plays a role during mitosis [35,63,64] ."

rlimsp
"Phosphorylated residues of Usp16 were identified by mass spectrometry."

sparser
"Western blot analysis of the levels of H2A ubiquitination showed a statistically significant increase in the amount of deubiquitination when USP16 was phosphorylated by Aurora B compared with unphosph[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

sparser
"We found that the level of ubiquitinated histone H2A (ubH2A) was high in interphase and low in mitotic HeLa cells (Fig. S3, C–E), suggesting that Plk1 phosphorylates and activates Usp16."

rlimsp
"We propose that this triple phosphorylation and subsequent degradation of Usp16 may represent another mechanism whereby TTK regulates genome stability by preventing Plk1 deubiquitination leading to its expulsion from the kinetochore, as well as preventing chromosomal condensation by inhibiting histone H2A deubiquitination, thus allowing more time to correct for errors that accumulated during DNA replication."

rlimsp
"A new ubiquitin-processing protease (Ubp-M) has been identified in mammalian cells that is phosphorylated at the onset of mitosis and dephosphorylated during the metaphase/anaphase transition."

sparser
"The results indicated that p USP16 -B (− 1325 bp~ + 468 bp, 75.91 ± 4.40RLU; p  > 0.9999), p USP16 -C (− 653 bp~ + 468 bp, 50.98 ± 4.74RLU; p  = 0.1065), and p USP16 -D (− 200 bp~ + 468 bp, 55.21 ± 3.57 RLU; p  = 0.2514) have no significant changes of luciferase activities when compared with p USP16 -A (− 1856 bp to + 468 bp, 84.48 ± 4.55RLU)."

sparser
"Earlier work had shown that USP16 is phosphorylated at the onset of mitosis and dephosphorylated during the metaphase-anaphase transition."

sparser
"Compared with cells transfected with an empty vector pGL4.10, p USP16 -A showed a significant increment of luciferase activity (84.48 ± 4.55RLU, p  < 0.0001) (Fig.  xref c)."

sparser
"In vitro phosphorylation of Usp16 with single (S330A, S386A, or S486A) or collective 3A (S330A/S386A/S486A) mutation showed that Plk1 phosphorylated Usp16 at all three sites (Fig. S2 D)."

sparser
"These results strongly suggest that Plk1 phosphorylates and activates Usp16, but the exact molecular mechanism of the activation is not clear at the moment."

sparser
"The plasmid p USP16 -A was transfected into HEK293 cells, and luciferase activity was measured by a GloMax 20/20 Luminometer to examine its promoter activity."

sparser
"Importantly, the combined use of CDK1 and Plk1 enhanced the phosphorylation of the peptide aa 150–600 ( xref ), which is consistent with our early finding that CDK1 is the priming kinase for Plk1 in Usp16 phosphorylation."

sparser
"When cells enter mitosis, USP16 is phosphorylated during the G 2 -M transition and dephosphorylated in anaphase, which has been reported to correlate with H2A deubiquitination ( xref )."
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sparser
"Next, we set out to investigate the function of Usp16 phosphorylation by Plk1."

sparser
"We used an in vitro phosphorylation assay to demonstrate phosphorylation of USP16 by Aurora B ( Figure S6 B)."

rlimsp
"Next, to find out whether the activity of Usp16 was regulated by phosphorylation, the ubiquitination status of histone H2A, a physiological substrate of Usp16 (Joo et al., 2007), was examined."