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SMAD2 phosphorylates SMAD3. 37 / 38
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"Moreover, Roxadustat treatment reduced the elevated levels of p -Smad2 and p -Smad3 proteins while increasing Smad7 protein expression ( Fig. 5 E-M)."
38145606
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"Smad2, Smad3, phosphorylated Smad3, and Smad4 were detected in all cases."
24684589
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"XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR In renal fibroblasts relaxin prevents TGF- beta induced collagen synthesis by suppression of SMAD2 phosphorylation and complex formation of SMAD3."
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"U87MG cells were treated with miR-132 mimic, miR-132 inhibitor or corresponding controls, and western blotting was performed to detect the protein level of phosphorylated SMAD2 and phosphorylated SMAD[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
25983322
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"Altenusin reduces the nuclear localization of p -Smad2 and p -Smad3 during TGF-β1 treatment."
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"Smad2, Smad3, phosphorylated Smad3, and Smad4 were detected in all cases."
24684589
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"In the present study, we observed that the TGF-beta1-induced phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3 and the TGF-beta1-induced increase in alpha-SMA production were partially dependent on Smad2 and Smad3 and were reversed by knockdown of both Smad2 and Smad3."
29116196
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"Overexpression of NDRG1 decreases the expression of Smad2 and phosphorylated Smad3, thus inhibiting the TGF-β/Smad pathway."
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"Of interest is that conditional deletion of SMAD2 enhanced renal fibrosis, because SMAD2 deficiency induced excess phosphorylation of SMAD3, resulting in the SMAD3 binding to a collagen promotor and auto-induction of TGF-β [56]."
30150520
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"In the present study, Que inhibited the expression of TGF-β1 and P-Smad2/Smad3 proteins in PAH model group, but had no significant effect on Smad2 and Smad3 mRNA levels, indicating that Que inhibited the phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3 by down-regulating the expression of TGF-β1, thus playing a nuclear regulatory role."
39367342
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"Notably, pranlukast effectively attenuated the levels of p -Smad2 and p -Smad3 protein ( Fig. 6 A)."
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"The present study demonstrated that TGF-β1 elevated the expressions of p -Smad2 and p -Smad3 in LX-2 cells."
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"The protein levels of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), type 1 collagen (Col1), Smad2, Smad3, phosphorylated Smad2 (p-smad2), p-smad3 and Smad7 were assessed by Western blot analysis."
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"Ghrelin up-regulates Smad7 at day 4, prevents Smad3 and/or Smad2 phosphorylation and recruitment of Smad2 and Smad3 complex which blocks betaTGFb activity, as shown in some organs 8), and thus, prevents fibrosis (see also XREF_FIG)."
33869167
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"FNP and SMR promoted fibroblast differentiation by adversely influencing the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway and decreasing the levels of p -Smad2 and p -Smad 3."
39867679
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"These properties of OLPN may contribute to the decreased transcription of TGF-β and other fibrogenic mediators.Canonical TGF-β signaling is mediated by SMAD2 and SMAD3, which are phosphorylated in their SXS motif by activated TβRI."
37631038
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"Western blot analysis shows that knockdown of Smad2 upregulated Smad3 phosphorylation, but overexpression of Smad2 suppressed Smad3 phosphorylation without altering total Smad3 protein in vitro (Figures xref A and B)."
31754396
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"We found that disruption of Smad2 induced smad3 phosphorylation and activity in cisplatin-treated TECs."
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"Even in the absence of Smad4, Smad2 associates with Smad3, but only in lysates of TGF-β-stimulated cells in which most of Smad2 and Smad3 are doubly phosphorylated ( Figure 3 A), thereby supporting th[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
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"Another interesting and novel observation of this study was the mutual amplification of effects such that knockdown of Smad2 or inhibition of Rac1 (without direct modulation of Smad3) enhanced growth inhibition, Smad3 specific transcriptional activity, and C-terminal phosphorylation of Smad3, while knockdown of Smad3 (without direct modulation of Smad2) enhanced both Smad2 specific responses such as cellular migration (this study) and Smad2 phosphorylation by TGF-beta [XREF_BIBR]."
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"Deletion of Smad2 did not prevent TGF-beta1-induced Smad3 phosphorylation (Supplemental Figure S4), TGF-beta1-induced collagen I and alpha-SMA expression, and loss of E-cadherin."
24925688
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"As indicated in xref and ( xref ), TGF-β1 treatment induced an increase in phosphorylated Smad2 and phosphorylated Smad3 (p-Smad3)."
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"Following cytokine stimulation, cells were fixed and stained for flow cytometric detection of SMAD2 protein phosphorylated at Ser465/467 sites and the SMAD3 protein phosphorylated at Ser423/425 sites according to the manufacturer’s protocols (catalog # 562586, BD Biosciences) ."
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"In contrast, Smad2 KO mice induce Smad3 phosphorylation and their binding to the collagen promoter, promoting transcriptional activity which is associated to fibrosis [94]."
27599257
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"During our research, we found that Roxadustat significantly inhibits the expression levels of p -Smad2 and p -Smad3 in both the mice PF model and TGF-β1-induced Met-5A cells."
38145606
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"Both subunits of the receptor were equally expressed in the two cell types, overexpression of these receptor subunits did not modify the activation of PAI-1 SBE in myofibroblasts and, more important[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
11438473
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"We analyzed the levels of both phosphorylated SMAD2 (pSMAD2) and phosphorylated SMAD3 (pSMAD3) in medial SMCs as a measure of downstream canonical TGFß signaling."
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"In H-Smad7 cells, transient phosphorylation of Smad2 and continuous phosphorylation of Smad3 were induced in response to TGFbeta, whereas Smad3 RNA expression remained largely unchanged for up to 72 h (XREF_FIG, A and B)."
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"As shown in Fig. 7 , TGF-β1-induced Ser465/467-phosphorylation of Smad2 and Ser423/425-phosphorylation of Smad3 were observed within 2 h of stimulation."
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"Moreover, Ac-SDKP inhibited TGF-β1-induced plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and alpha2 (I) collagen mRNA expression by suppressing Smad2 phosphorylation and nuclear accumulation of Smad2 and [MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
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"Smad7 is an inhibitor of TGF-beta signaling by preventing Smad3 and/or Smad2 phosphorylation and recruitment of Smad2 and Smad3 complex (XREF_FIG)."
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"However, following overexpression of TMEM176B and TGFβ1-induced fibrosis, we observed a notable reduction in the levels of p -SMAD2 and p -SMAD3 ( xref C–D)."
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"Antibodies were obtained from the following sources: the anti-Fibronectin (Santa Cruz, U.S.A), anti-Col1A1(Santa Cruz, U.S.A.), anti-Col3A1( Santa Cruz, U.S.A) and anti-α-SMA(Santa Cruz, U.S.A.), anti[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
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"Furthermore, both SMAD2 and SMAD3 are activated by phosphorylation, and our results support that patients whose TAFs exhibit a low (<1) pSMAD3/pSMAD2 ratio may be refractory to nintedanib and possibly to other antifibrotic drugs, whereas those with high (>1) pSMAD3/pSMAD2 ratio may elicit positive responses (where pSMAD2 and pSMAD3 refers to phosphorylated SMAD2 and SMAD3, respectively) (Figure 3D)."
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"In another co-IP experiment, we found that the presence of RGS6 significantly reduced the amount of phosphorylated SMAD2 and phosphorylated SMAD3 pulled down by anti-SMAD4 antibody, indicating that the interaction between RGS6 and SMAD4 preventing complex formation between SMAD4 and phosphorylated SMAD2/3 (Fig. xref )."
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"Similarly, our results validated that HCG decreased p-Smad2 and p-Smad3 and the knockdown of Smad2 reduced the autophagy and EMT of GCTB stromal cells induced by HCG.Smad protein transduction results from signals from the TGF-β receptors, and TGF-β-type II receptors phosphorylate Smad2 and Smad3 by binding ligands Activin A and growth differentiation factor-8 (GDF-8) and thus lead to intracellular signaling [39-41]."
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"HSP72 overexpression inhibited TGF-beta1-induced phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Smad3 and p-Smad3, but not Smad2; these inhibitory effects required the PBD but not the NLS."
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