IndraLab

Statements

NAG binds SCN11A. 29 / 29
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"Specifically, strain VCSRO77, isolated from a patient in India in 1976 ( xref ), harbors a 135 kb-long island near tRNA-Ser that includes both a TCP-like cluster (as in VPI-1) and a nan-nag region (as in VPI-2) ( xref )."
40302206
sparser
"Hence, we investigated the two gene clusters essential for the uptake and metabolism of sialic acid, the nagA2-nagB3 cluster (Bbr_1247-Bbr_1248) and the nan-nag cluster (Bbr_0160-Bbr_0172) ( xref xref xref )."
35695455
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"The enzymes involved in sialic acid catabolism are generally found in the tightly regulated nan–nag operon (Almagro-Moreno & Boyd, 2010 xref )."
38965900
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"The initial characterization of VPI-2 primarily focussed on the sialic acid utilization cluster ( nan-nag ) and nanH , as mentioned above [ xref ]."
40904118
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"The genetic organization of the 57.3 kb VPI-2 island was initially divided into three major regions ( xref ): (i) a cluster of five genes predicted to encode a type I restriction–modification system; (ii) the nan-nag region; and (iii) a phage-like region of unknown function [ xref ]."
40904118
sparser
"Loci VC1758 to VC1809 ( nan-nag gene cluster) present in the VPI-2 was identified to be involved in the transport and catabolism of sialic acid (Almagro-Moreno and Boyd, xref )."
33102256
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"This pattern of modular fragmentation and retention of VPI-2 loci mirrors observations in V. metoecus , in which the nan-nag cluster was proposed to have originated through independent acquisition of VPI-2 islets [ xref ]."
41525209
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"This capability is encoded within the island’s nan-nag genomic region ( xref xref xref )."
39133004
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"In addition, VPI-2 encodes enzymes for sialic acid uptake and catabolism ( nan-nag genes; xref ), which confer a competitive colonization advantage in infant mice [ xref ]."
40904118
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"These islets include Islet A (Type 1 Restriction modification system, VC1764 to VC1769), Islet B (Nan-Nag cluster, VC1773 to VC1784), Islet C (Mu phage-like region, VC1791 to VC1799), and Islet D with unknown function (VC1804 to VC1809) [ xref ]."
40179128
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"Prior studies have reported that NOVCs causing gastroenterological diseases often encode a truncated VPI-2 with the Nan-Nag gene cluster [ xref , xref ]."
40179128
sparser
"Nonetheless, most V. cholerae O139 strains (such as reference strains MO10 and MO45 [ xref ])—serogroup-converted derivatives of the 7PET lineage [ xref – xref ] and identified as causative agents of cholera during the 1990s—lack the nan-nag region and nanH ([ xref ]; xref )."
40904118
sparser
"However, segments of the Vibrio Pathogenicity Island-2 (VPI-2) containing the sialic acid metabolism cluster ( nan-nag ) were identified in 35 genomes, with the neuraminidase gene ( nan H) detected in 32 of these."
41525209
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"Interestingly, the nan-nag region (with or without nanH ) is also widely distributed among non-pandemic V. cholerae strains and even environmental isolates [ xref ] as well as in Vibrio mimicus [ xref ], indicating that this cluster may serve functions beyond the human host."
40904118
sparser
"This reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme Glucosamine-6-phosphate deaminase (NagB), an aldose-ketose isomerase that is tightly regulated and is part of the conserved nag-nan operon of many Gram-negative bacteria [ xref , xref ]."
36598911
sparser
"Interestingly, all O47 isolates contained the nan-nag GC, related to sialic acid metabolism, found to be part of VPI-2."
40172221
sparser
"While all four V. cholerae O47 isolates harbored a truncated version of VPI-2 containing the nan-nag region, Mathbaria V. cholerae O47 isolates ( xref ) lacked the two gene DNA defense module (VC01770-VC01771) associated with elimination/destabilization of plasmids in seventh pandemic V. cholerae ( xref )."
40172221
sparser
"Our analysis confirmed the island’s modular structure as described by Jermyn and Boyd ( xref , xref ), including a predicted Zorya system ( xref ) encoded by genes VC1761–64 [as per reference strain N16961; ( xref )], a predicted T1RM system ( VC1765–69 ) ( xref ), the DdmDE defense module ( VC1770–71) ( xref ), the nan-nag sialic acid utilization cluster ( VC1773–1784 ), and a region with phage-like properties ( VC1791–1809 ) ( xref ) ( xref )."
39133004
sparser
"This island includes the nan-nag region, which plays a role in sialic acid metabolism ( xref )."
40302206
sparser
"In this study, the T3SS cluster was present as a genomic island in front of the nan-nag region, forming a cluster that contained precise T3SS component genes and pathogenic effector proteins such as VopE, VopF, VopK, VopM, VopW, VopX, and VopY."
40552807
sparser
"We also noticed a distribution of the sialic acid metabolism-related nan-nag region, an integral part of VPI-2 ( xref ), in other nonpandemic strains, pointing to the spread of critical pandemic genetic components across different genomic backgrounds ( xref )."
40302206
sparser
"In VPI-2, all the O139 with the exception of two isolates lacked nearly one third of the island encoding type I restriction modification systems nan-nag region including the most important neuraminidase gene ( nanH ); whereas only the phage-like region has been retained (~20 kb)."
35790755
sparser
"Interestingly, 11 of these 13 strains also incorporated the nan-nag region, a key component of VPI-2, within the same GI ( xref ), confirming previous work ( xref ; xref )."
40302206
sparser
"The canonical VPI-2 from O1 strains encodes three major modules, from 5′ to 3′: a) a restriction modification system (RM) (M1), b) the Nan-Nag cluster (M2), and c) a Mu-phage like region (M3) ( xref )."
40434643
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"In the case of prokaryotes, these sialic acids are decorated as the outermost moiety of the lipooligosaccharide/lipopolysaccharide (LOS/LPS) on their cell membranes. xref − xref Pathogenic bacteria such as Haemophilus influenzae ( Hi ) , Pasteurella multocida ( Pm ) , Vibrio cholerae ( Vc ), and Fusobacterium nucleatum ( Fn ) that reside in the host mucous-rich environments of the gut and respiratory tract scavenge sialic acids from the host and transport them into bacteria using the TRAP transport system. xref , xref Post scavenging sialic acids from the host, these bacteria incorporate a part of the scavenged sialic acid as the outermost sugar on their LOS/LPS to evade the host immune system; this phenomenon is known as “molecular mimicry”. xref − xref Furthermore, these bacteria use sialic acids as a carbon and nitrogen source by converting them into fructose 6-phosphate using the enzymes of the nan-nag gene cluster (NanA, NanK, NanE, NagA, and NagB) ( xref ."
33324800
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"Since O139 VPI-2 lacks the notable regions of the  nan-nag gene clusters, its persistence in the environment and sensitivity of host cells to the cytotoxin ( ctxb) has been highly limited xref ."
35790755
sparser
"Further, the absence of the nan-nag gene cluster in O139 may not allow the strains to grow in the mucus rich gut environment with high sialic acids xref ."
35790755
sparser
"This supports the lack of competitive advantage of O139 strains being more pathogenic in the host colonization as compared to O1 7PET strains that harbors complete VPI-2 with functional nan-nag regions."
35790755
sparser
"We found that this GI of ~64 kb is inserted in the tRNA- ser gene and located next to a nan-nag region involved in the sialic acid catabolism ( xref ), which is also harboured by the VPI-II [ xref ]."
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