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"However, site-directed mutagenesis of this residue has not been performed for any AR subtype, and no role for putative AR palmitoylation has been described."

"Palmitoylation of an α 1B AR-G q chimeric construct has been reported (Stevens et al., 2001) , but extensive further studies of the occurrence, regulation, and significance of α 1B AR palmitoylation a[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

"Palmitic acid is a crucial precursor for the synthesis of sphingomyelin. [ xref ] We found that enzalutamide‐resistant prostate cancer is closely associated with phospholipid metabolism (specifically sphingomyelin rather than other phospholipid types), and that palmitic acid, a key substrate for sphingomyelin synthesis, is elevated in this context. [ xref ] High levels of palmitate activate prostate cancer cells and promote disease progression. [ xref ] As a substrate for palmitoylation, palmitic acid functions through palmitoyltransferases, which transfer palmitoyl groups to cysteine residues on target proteins. [ xref ] Some studies report that ZDHHC7 and ZDHHC21 enhance AR S‐palmitoylation, promoting prostate cancer progression and abiraterone resistance. [ xref ] Additionally, Wnt‐1 palmitoylation and subsequent pathway activation stabilize β‐catenin, representing a potential oncogenic mechanism in prostate cancer. [ xref ] Among all palmitoyl transferases, we found that only ZDHHC2 is significantly increased in prostate cancer during enzalutamide resistance."

"A study published in 2025 reported that lncZBTB10 promotes prostate cancer progression and drug resistance by enhancing the S-palmitoylation of the androgen receptor (AR), which increases its transcriptional activity [ xref ]."

"A(1)AR palmitoylation is abolished by treatment with neutral hydroxylamine or by mutation of Cys-309 to Ala (C(309)-->A)."

"A(1)AR palmitoylation is abolished by treatment with neutral hydroxylamine or by mutation of Cys-309 to Ala (C(309)-->A)."

"In addition to these GPCRs, the classic AR can also be palmitoylated and transported to the plasma membrane [ xref ]."

"We used the palmitoylation inhibitor 2-bromopalmitate (Sigma Aldrich) to inhibit palmitoylation of AR."

"A Tr363 construct, three amino acids shorter but eliminating both putative palmitoylation sites, did not generate a receptor that could be detected by radioligand binding or PI hydrolysis, suggesting [MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

"Palmitoylation of a cysteine at position 341 (C-341; single letter amino acid abbreviations will be used throughout) in the -AR C-tail [8], and of two analogously placed cysteine residues in rhodopsin[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

"Palmitoylation of AR is likely to play a role in favoring AR plasma membrane anchorage, as observed with other sex steroid receptors ( Pedram et al., 2012 )."

"The Sf9 cell system also led to a better understanding of the interactions between palmitoylation and phosphorylation of the β 2 AR."

"Here we describe S -palmitoylation of the β 3 AR."

"Sustained agonist stimulation favors the formation of unpalmitoylated β 2 AR species, most likely because of receptor phosphorylation, which prevents re-palmitoylation of β 2 AR ( Loisel et al., 1996 [MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

"These results suggest that agonist-mediated regulation of beta 2-AR post-translational palmitoylation could represent an other regulatory process for G protein-coupled receptors."

"Palmitoylation of the classical androgen receptor (AR) has been reported to mediate rapid androgen effects [53] , although the inability of classical AR antagonists (flutamide, cyproterone acetate) to[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

"ZDHHC18 and ZDHHC21, two palmitoyltransferases, are both up-regulated in CLP-induced renal injury, mainly palmitoylating α1 AR to sustain its responsiveness to phenylephrine (Marin et al. xref )."

"The possibility also exists that a small population of AR is actively transported to the plasma membrane in response to testosterone stimulation or that palmitoylation of some AR occurs that would fav[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

"When the level of testosterone is 10–250 nM, caveolin-1 mediates translocation of cytoplasmic palmitoylated AR to the membrane to initiate non-classical signaling ( Deng et al., 2017 )."

"From DHHC-7 and -21 knockdown studies, the PATs are required for endogenous ER, PR, and AR palmitoylation, membrane trafficking, and rapid signal transduction in cancer cells."

"As reported, β 2 AR was palmitoylated at the 341st residue (cysteine; Fig. 1 A )."

"As in the case of ERs, caveolin-1 is important in prostate cells to promote the transport of palmitoylated AR to the caveolae at the membrane ( xref , xref ), and downregulation of caveolin-1 decreases AR membrane localization ( xref , xref )."

"Thus probably because DHHC-7 and -21, two palmitoylacyltransferase involved in the endogenous ER, PR, and AR palmitoylation [40] are not expressed in this tissue."

"A previous study found that ZDHHC21 is required for endogenous androgen receptor palmitoylation, membrane localization, and signal transduction in breast cancer cells [ xref ]."

"A previous study has shown that ZDHHC21 mediates endogenous androgen receptor palmitoylation and enhances membrane trafficking in breast cancer cells [ xref ]."

"Knockdown of DHHC-7 or -21 with siRNA diminished AR localization only at the PM ( xref ) and diminished AR palmitoylation ( xref )."