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ANG translocates to the nucleus. 274 / 274
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reach
"During the study of the mechanism by which ANG is translocated to the nucleus of endothelial cells, neomycin, a phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor, was found to block nuclear translocation of ANG [XREF_BIBR]."

sparser
"This normally well-controlled process of nuclear translocation of ANG is hijacked by cancer cells that constitutively uptake ANG and translocate it into the nucleus so that rRNA is constantly transcribed to meet a higher metabolic requirement of this cells."

reach
"Angiogenin (ANG) can translocate to the target cell nucleus and accumulate in the nucleolus to enhance rRNA transcription, thus promoting cell proliferation."

sparser
"Ectopic expression of human PLXNB2 in COS-7 cells, which express a low level of endogenous monkey PlxnB2 ( xref ), enabled nuclear translocation of ANG ( xref ) and AKT phosphorylation ( xref ) upon ANG stimulation in these originally ANG-unresponsive cells."

sparser
"We have now established that neamine ( xref ), a nontoxic degradation product of neomycin, effectively inhibits nuclear translocation of ANG ( xref )."

sparser
"Angiogenin is constitutively translocated to the nucleus in HUVEC cells."

sparser
"In efforts to understand the mechanism by which ANG is translocated to the nucleus of endothelial cells, neomycin was discovered to block nuclear translocation of ANG and to inhibit ANG-induced cell proliferation and angiogenesis [ xref ]."

sparser
"Inhibition of nuclear translocation of ANG resulted in reduced BCBL-1 and TIVE-LTC (latently infected endothelial) cell survival and proliferation, while EBV(-) and EBV(+) Akata cells were unaffected."

sparser
"Nuclear translocation of angiogenin does not occur in nonproliferative, confluent CPAE cells."

reach
"When cells have a high metabolic demand and need more ribosomes, ANG is taken up by the cells through receptor mediated endocytosis and is translocated to the nucleus."

sparser
"NEOMYCIN BLOCKS NUCLEAR TRANSLOCATION OF ANG AND INHIBITS ANG-MEDIATED ANGIOGENESIS."

sparser
"RNASE4, at 10-fold higher concentration, did not inhibit nuclear translocation of ANG (data not shown), suggesting that binding of ANG to its cell surface receptor was not inhibited by RNASE4."

sparser
"Since nuclear translocation of ANG in endothelial cells is essential for its angiogenic activity [28,29] , we hypothesized that ANG might influence the expression of miR-542-3p through transcriptiona[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

sparser
"Targeting nuclear translocation of ANG in cancer drug development."

sparser
"Under growth conditions and in differentiated cells, ANG is translocated to the nucleus and stimulates ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcription, thereby promoting cell growth and proliferation."

sparser
"Nuclear translocation of angiogenin by chorioretinal endothelial cells."

sparser
"Fortunately, neomycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, has been reported to block nuclear translocation of angiogenin in several tumor models in athymic mice, independently of its antibiotic capacity xref ."

reach
"ANG is constitutively translocated to the nucleus of androgen independent PCa cells."

sparser
"Another distinct advantage of targeting nuclear translocation of ANG would be that it might not have serious side effects since nuclear translocation of ANG occurs only in proliferating endothelial cells and in cancer cells [ xref ]."

sparser
"Human angiogenin is translocated to the nucleus of human umbilical vein endothelial cells in a time-dependent manner."

sparser
"We next examined nuclear translocation of ANG in those cells in the presence or absence of androgen."

sparser
"Other aminoglycoside antibiotics including streptomycin, gentamicin, kanamycin, amikacin, and paromomycin do not block nuclear translocation of ANG and are not anti-angiogenic ( xref )."

sparser
"Angiogenin-induced phosphorylation is neither the cause nor the of nuclear translocation of angiogenin and vice Both PD98059 and neomycin inhibit enin-induced cell proliferation but by different nisms[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

sparser
"Indeed, neamine treatment blocked nuclear translocation of ANG and suppressed rRNA transcription in cancer cells ( xref )."

sparser
"Uptake and nuclear translocation of ANG is essential for the activation of BV2 microglial cells."

sparser
"In the mAb17-treated tumor tissues, nuclear translocation of ANG was inhibited ( xref ), and rRNA transcription was reduced as indicated by a 50% decrease in the number of nucleolar organizer region (NOR) ( xref ), which are loops of rDNA that are actively transcribed to rRNA ( xref )."

reach
"Under growth conditions, ANG is translocated to nucleus (where it accumulates in nucleolus) and stimulates ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcription, thus facilitating cell growth and proliferation [XREF_BIBR]."

sparser
"Under growth conditions, ANG translocates to the nucleus, where it stimulates rRNA transcription[ xref ]."

reach
"More significantly, ANG is translocated to the nucleus, where it accumulates and binds to the promoter region of rDNA and stimulates rRNA transcription [XREF_BIBR - XREF_BIBR]."

sparser
"Angiogenin (ANG) translocates to the nucleus of target cells, which is essential for angiogenesis and cancer cell proliferation."

sparser
"Ectopic expression of PLXNB1 and PLXNB3 in COS-7 cells ( xref ) did not enable nuclear translocation of ANG ( xref )."

sparser
"It is therefore clearly demonstrated that neamine blocked nuclear translocation of ANG thereby inhibiting rRNA transcription and inducing cell apoptosis, leading to a phenotypic reversal of established PIN, in spite of continuous AKT transgene expression and phosphorylation."

sparser
"Inhibitors of the nuclear translocation of angiogenin abolish the angiogenic activities of these factors."

sparser
"PLXNB2 knockdown in PC3 ( xref ) and DU145 ( xref ) cells also resulted in decreased nuclear translocation of ANG ( xref ) and reduced cell proliferation ( xref )."

sparser
"The antibiotic activity and the renal toxicity of neomycin seem to be separable from its capacity to inhibit nuclear translocation of ANG."

sparser
"In contrast, paromomycin, an analogue aminoglycoside, does not inhibit nuclear translocation of angiogenin ( xref )."

sparser
"As nuclear translocation of angiogenin is critical for the angiogenic function of angiogenin, this mechanism could play a significant role in the anti-angiogenic activity of pU2."

sparser
"These results indicate that in PC-3 cells neamine blocks nuclear translocation of ANG."

sparser
"Neomycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, has been shown to block nuclear translocation of ANG ( xref ) and to inhibit xenograft growth of human prostate cancer cells in athymic mice ( xref )."

sparser
"We, then, investigated nuclear translocation of angiogenin by immunofluorescence staining."

sparser
"HBV and HBx contributed to the nuclear translocation of ANG."

sparser
"Nuclear translocation of angiogenin was blocked by neamine, and angiogenin-induced cell proliferation was inhibited by neamine."

sparser
"Thus, androgen enhances the expression as well as nuclear translocation of ANG in LNCaP cells."

sparser
"This could be explained by the fact that we (this study) and others observed that the translocation to the nucleus is affected xref suggesting that besides the RNase activity, the nuclear translocation of ANG also is essential for some of its function."

sparser
"Nuclear translocation of exogenous ANG is very fast and occurs through receptor-mediated endocytosis [ xref ], is independent of microtubules and lysosomes [ xref ]."

sparser
"During the study of the mechanism by which ANG is translocated to the nucleus of endothelial cells, neomycin, a phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor, was found to block nuclear translocation of ANG [ xref ]."

sparser
"Current evidence suggests that nuclear translocation of ANG is via an unidentified receptor(s) system and independent of lysosomes and the microtubule system [ xref , xref ], but is strictly dependent on endothelial cell density [ xref ]."

sparser
"Classically, after entry into endothelial cells via receptor mediated endocytosis ( xref ), angiogenin translocate into the nucleus and subsequently into the nucleolus where it stimulates rRNA transcription, most important for ribosomal biogenesis and the control of transcription of other angiogenic factors and growth factors ( xref , xref )."

reach
"Human angiogenin is translocated to the nucleus of human umbilical vein endothelial cells in a time dependent manner."

sparser
"Blockade of nuclear translocation of angiogenin by the aminoglycoside antibiotic neomycin inhibited PC-3 cell tumor growth in athymic mice and was accompanied by a decrease in both cancer cell proliferation and angiogenesis."

sparser
"Nuclear translocation of human angiogenin in cultured human umbilical artery endothelial cells is microtubule and lysosome independent."

reach
"In efforts to understand the mechanism by which ANG is translocated to the nucleus of endothelial cells, neomycin was discovered to block nuclear translocation of ANG and to inhibit ANG induced cell proliferation and angiogenesis."

sparser
"Human angiogenin is rapidly translocated to the nucleus of human umbilical vein endothelial cells and binds to DNA."

reach
"During the study of the mechanism by which ANG is translocated to the nucleus of endothelial cells, neomycin, a phospholipaseC (PLC) inhibitor, was found to block nuclear translocation of ANG [XREF_BIBR]."

sparser
"To our advantage, the biological function of ANG requires ANG to be physically present in the nucleus, and the nuclear translocation of ANG only occurs in proliferating endothelial cells and cancer cells."

sparser
"Nuclear translocation of angiogenin in endothelial cells decreases as cell density increases and ceases when cells are confluent."

sparser
"While the uptake and nuclear translocation of ANG is relatively well characterised, little is known about how it reaches the plasma membrane and its mode of secretion."

reach
"Angiogenin is endocytosed by subconfluent endothelial cells, translocated to the nucleus and accumulates in the nucleolus."

sparser
"Neomycin, an aminoglycoside that blocks nuclear translocation of ANG, and N65828, a small-molecule enzymatic inhibitor of the ribonucleolytic activity of ANG, both prevent AKT-induced PIN formation and reverse established PIN."

sparser
"The side-effects and toxicities of the agents that block nuclear translocation of ANG would be low."

sparser
"This led our search for less toxic derivatives and analogues of neomycin and led to the finding that neamine ( xref ), a virtually nontoxic derivative of neomycin, has comparable activity in blocking nuclear translocation of ANG ( xref )."

reach
"Angiogenin is specifically endocytosed by endothelial cells and transported to the nucleus, where it accumulates in the nucleolus."

sparser
"Treatment with wild‐type and mutant R33W protein and subsequent immunofluorescent staining demonstrated that while wild‐type ANG translocated into the nucleus, the R33W mutant remained primarily in the cytoplasm (Figure  xref a, for isotype staining see Figure  xref )."

reach
"Angiogenin is constitutively translocated to the nucleus in HUVEC cells."

sparser
"The aim of this study was to assess whether neamine, a blocker of nuclear translocation of angiogenin, possesses antitumor activity toward oral cancer."

sparser
"It was found that neamine blocked the nuclear translocation of ANG effectively and inhibited ANG-induced AsPC-1 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner."

sparser
"In neamine-treated ones, ANG was predominantly cytoplasmic and extracellular ( xref ), indicating blockage of nuclear translocation of ANG in the prostate epithelial cells."

sparser
"Nuclear translocation of angiogenin is necessary for its biological activity and is mediated by an endocytotic pathway that is independent of the microtubule system and lysosomal processing."

reach
"In efforts to understand the mechanism by which ANG is translocated to the nucleus of endothelial cells, neomycin was discovered to block nuclear translocation of ANG and to inhibit ANG induced cell proliferation and angiogenesis [XREF_BIBR]."

sparser
"In an effort to search for less toxic analogues and derivatives, neamine [ xref ], a nontoxic degradation product of neomycin, has been found to effectively inhibit nuclear translocation of ANG [ xref ]. xref shows the structure of neomycin and neamine."

sparser
"In efforts to understand the mechanism by which ANG is translocated to the nucleus of endothelial cells, neomycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, was discovered to block nuclear translocation of ANG and to inhibit ANG-induced cell proliferation and angiogenesis xref ."

sparser
"Neomycin inhibits nuclear translocation of angiogenin and abolishes angiogenin-induced cell proliferation but does not inhibit SAPK/JNK phosphorylation."

sparser
"Taken together, the above results suggest that both protein kinase B/Akt activation by angiogenin and nuclear translocation of angiogenin in HUVE cells are probably mediated by the cell surface recept[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

sparser
"The growth stimulatory function of ANG is mediated through rRNA transcription ( Tsuji et al., 2005 ) and requires nuclear translocation of ANG ( Xu et al., 2003 )."

sparser
"Previously, we have shown that shRNA against uPA and uPAR attenuates angiogenesis by blocking nuclear translocation of angiogenin, inhibition of angiopoietin/Tie2 signaling, and regulating several other pro-angiogenic, angiostatic and anti-angiogenic molecules."

sparser
"HMEC cells transfected with puPA, puPAR and pU2 also blocked the nuclear translocation of angiogenin as observed by immunofluorescence assay ( xref , panels C and D)."

sparser
"Therefore, blocking nuclear translocation of ANG will selectively inhibit the growth and proliferation of cancer cells and proliferating endothelial cells but spare normal cells."

sparser
"Western blotting analysis confirmed that nuclear translocation of endogenous ANG in LNCaP cells is stimulated by DHT ( xref )."

sparser
"This has led a search for less toxic derivatives and analogues of neomycin and led to the finding that neamine, xref a virtually nontoxic derivative of neomycin, has comparable activity in blocking nuclear translocation of ANG. xref Neamine is equally effective in inhibiting angiogenesis and tumor growth induced by ANG as well as by other angiogenic factors. xref , xref Other aminoglycoside antibiotics including streptomycin, gentamicin, kanamycin, amikacin, and paromomycin do not block nuclear translocation of ANG and are not anti-angiogenic. xref "

sparser
"Very little or no nuclear translocation of exogenous angiogenin was observed in confluent HMEC cells (data not shown)."

sparser
"Both neamine and neomycin effectively block nuclear translocation of angiogenin ( xref ) and inhibit growth of human prostate cancer cell xenografts in athymic mice by inhibiting both tumor cell proliferation and angiogenesis ( xref )."

sparser
"Angiogenin is further processed in the cell and translocates into the nucleus, which seems also to be necessary for angiogenin to become angiogenic."

sparser
"It was found that neamine blocked nuclear translocation of angiogenin effectively and inhibited angiogenin-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell and PC-3 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner."

sparser
"Angiogenin translocates to the nucleus where it binds to the rDNA and stimulates the transcription of rRNA xref , xref , xref ."

sparser
"Among these antagonists, agents that target nuclear translocation of angiogenin would be more advantageous and practical than those that target angiogenin directly because angiogenin normally circulates in plasma at a concentration of 250 to 350 ng/ml ( xref , xref ) and would need an exceedingly high dose of direct inhibitor to neutralize it ( xref )."

sparser
"Neomycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, inhibits nuclear translocation of human angiogenin in human endothelial cells, an essential step for angiogenin-induced angiogenesis."

sparser
"Constitutive nuclear translocation of ANG in cancer cells is a driving force for cancer progression."

sparser
"An ~170 kDa angiogenin receptor has also been identified from the endothelial cell surface to mediate nuclear translocation of angiogenin and cell proliferation [ xref ]."

sparser
"Overall, our results suggest that uPA and uPAR shRNA inhibits angiogenesis in glioblastoma cell lines partially by blocking nuclear translocation of angiogenin and by inhibition of angiopoietin-1 signaling."

sparser
"However, nuclear translocation of angiogenin does not seem to be dependent on phospholipase C-γ as another phospholipase C-γ inhibitor, U-73122, has no effect ( xref )."

sparser
"However, the morphology changed dramatically in the Ad-ANG-siRNA infected cells, and virtually no angiogenin nuclear accumulation was observed at any cell densities examined, confirming that nuclear t[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

sparser
"These results demonstrated that blocking nuclear translocation of ANG by neomycin effectively inhibits PC-3 cell tumor growth in mice, presumably through inhibition of both tumor cell proliferation and angiogenesis."

sparser
"Nuclear translocation of exogenous angiogenin is very fast."

sparser
"The aminoglycoside antibiotic neomycin ( xref ) has been shown to block nuclear translocation of Angiogenin thereby abolishing the biological activity of Angiogenin ( xref )."

reach
"Under growth conditions, ANG translocates to the nucleus, where it stimulates rRNA transcription [XREF_BIBR]."

sparser
"This inhibition is accompanied by a blockade of nuclear translocation of ANG and a decrease in rRNA transcription, in PC-3 cell proliferation as well in angiogenesis [ xref ]."

sparser
"The uptake and nuclear translocation of ANG is critical for its function."

sparser
"Neamine, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, blocks nuclear translocation of Angiogenin, thereby abolishing the biological activity of Angiogenin."

sparser
"Nuclear translocation of angiogenin (ANG) is essential for the proliferation of its target cells."

sparser
"Experimental evidence for this contention includes: i) nuclear translocation of endogenous angiogenin in endothelial cells is stimulated by other angiogenic factors including aFGF, bFGF, VEGF and EGF [ xref ]; ii) knocking down ANG expression in endothelial cells inhibits bFGF- and VEGF-induced cell proliferation, accompanied with a decrease in rRNA transcription."

sparser
"Nuclear translocation of ANG is essential for its angiogenic [ xref ], proliferative [ xref ], and neuroprotective [ xref ] activities."

sparser
"A distinct advantage of targeting nuclear translocation of ANG would be that it might not have serious side effects since nuclear translocation of ANG occurs only in proliferating endothelial and cancer cells."

sparser
"Endothelial cells could take up and rapidly translocate ANG to the nucleus, which was essential for the angiogenic activity of ANG [29] ."

sparser
"However, the PLC-inhibitory activity may not be involved in blocking nuclear translocation of ANG because another inhibitor of PLC, U-73122 and its inactive analog U-73343 [ xref , xref ], only marginally block nuclear translocation of ANG."

sparser
"The mechanism by which neomycin blocks nuclear translocation of angiogenin remains unknown ( xref , xref )."

sparser
"Tamoxifen reversed this increase as well as inhibited nuclear translocation of angiogenin."

sparser
"During early infection, nuclear translocation of ANG was not associated with functional evidence of increased endothelial permeability."

reach
"Angiogenin (ANG) translocates to the nucleus of target cells, which is essential for angiogenesis and cancer cell proliferation."

sparser
"However, blockage of nuclear translocation of ANG seems to be a promising approach to inhibit the function of ANG."

reach
"In efforts to understand the mechanism by which ANG is translocated to the nucleus of endothelial cells, neomycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, was discovered to block nuclear translocation of ANG and to inhibit ANG induced cell proliferation and angiogenesis XREF_BIBR."

sparser
"The anti-angiogenic activity of neomycin is thus related to its capacity of blocking nuclear translocation of ANG but is not associated with its antibiotic properties."

sparser
"Amino acids 29 IMRRRGL 35 are part of the nuclear localization signal and are involved in nuclear translocation of ANG."

reach
"Ang may function as a tRNA specific ribonuclease that binds to actin on the surface of endothelial cells; once bound, angiogenin is translocated to the nucleus, promoting the endothelial invasiveness necessary for blood vessel formation."

sparser
"The growth stimulatory function of ANG is mediated through ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcription ( xref ), and requires nuclear translocation of ANG ( xref )."

sparser
"Decreased translocation of R33W ANG into the nucleus was also confirmed by quantification of nuclear/signal intensity (Figure  xref b)."

sparser
"These results, together with the finding that ANG is enhanced in the nucleus of androgen-independent cells, suggest that upregulation and enhanced nuclear translocation of ANG will result in an excessive supply of rRNA, which may contribute to the development of castration resistance."

sparser
"To investigate whether the ALS-associated mutations affect the uptake and translocation of ANG to the nucleus, we exposed the human neuronal cell line SY5Y to hANG and hANG-ALS variants (for which we have determined the 3D structure) and detected uptake by staining with the 26-2F monoclonal antibody to hANG ( xref )."

sparser
"To further investigate whether angiogenin nuclear expression might play a critical role in tumor proliferation and angiogenesis, we used the aminoglycoside antibiotic neomycin to block nuclear translo[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"Upon binding, angiogenin is translocated to the nucleus where it regulates genes controlling the proliferation of endothelial cells by activation of ERK [XREF_BIBR], Akt [XREF_BIBR] and the SAPK and JNK pathways [XREF_BIBR]."

sparser
"Previous studies have shown that neomycin, an aminoglycoside, inhibits the nuclear translocation of angiogenin, and nuclear translocation is probably mediated by phospolipase C xref , xref ."

sparser
"In efforts to understand the mechanism by which ANG is translocated to the nucleus of endothelial cells, neomycin was discovered to block nuclear translocation of ANG and to inhibit ANG-induced cell proliferation and angiogenesis ( xref )."

reach
"To promote cell growth and proliferation, angiogenin translocates to the nucleus and nucleolus where it stimulates rRNA transcription."

sparser
"Upon binding, angiogenin is translocated to the nucleus where it regulates genes controlling the proliferation of endothelial cells by activation of ERK [ xref ], Akt [ xref ] and the SAPK/JNK pathways [ xref ]."

sparser
"Nuclear translocation of ANG is thus a metabolic requirement for sustained cell growth and is tightly controlled."

sparser
"Nuclear angiogenin staining was decreased in tumor cells derived from neamine-treated animals ( xref , right panel), indicating that neamine inhibited nuclear translocation of angiogenin in HSC-2 cells in vivo ."

sparser
"Both neomycin and neamine have been reported to inhibit nuclear translocation of angiogenin and to suppress cancer cell proliferation and angiogenesis in human PC-3 prostate ( xref ), MDA-MB-435 breast ( xref ), and A549 lung ( xref ) cancer."

sparser
"LY294002 inhibits the angiogenin-induced protein kinase B/Akt activation and also angiogenin-induced cell migration in vitro as well as angiogenesis in chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane in vivo without affecting nuclear translocation of angiogenin in HUVE cells."

sparser
"To inhibit ANG activity, agents that block nuclear translocation of ANG are better choice than those that neutralize ANG protein directly for several reasons."

sparser
"Aminoglycoside antibiotics neomycin and neamine have been shown to block nuclear translocation of ANG thereby abolishing the biological activity of ANG and inhibiting cancer cell proliferation as well as tumor angiogenesis [ xref , xref , xref , xref , xref ]."

reach
"Under growth conditions and in differentiated cells, ANG is translocated to the nucleus and stimulates rRNA transcription, thereby promoting cell growth and proliferation."

sparser
"VEGF and other angiogenic proteins stimulate nuclear translocation of ANG."

sparser
"Neomycin was identified as an anti-prostate cancer agent from our effort to screen for compounds that block nuclear translocation of ANG [ xref ]."

sparser
"Nuclear translocation of ANG seems to be essential for its biological function ( xref )."

sparser
"Inhibition of nuclear translocation of angiogenin and mutagenesis at its nuclear localization sequence both potently inhibit the angiogenic activity."

sparser
"These results indicate that ANG over-expression results in constant nuclear translocation of ANG in LNCaP cells even in castrated mice."

sparser
"Endothelial cells cultured at low density have a much higher capacity to translocate angiogenin to the nucleus than do those cultured at high density."

sparser
"Nuclear translocation of angiogenin in endothelial cells is under tight regulation and is cell density-dependent."

sparser
"Neamine inhibits nuclear translocation of angiogenin in HSC-2 and SAS cells in vitro."

sparser
"Other structurally related aminoglycosides including streptomycin, kanamycin, gentamicin, and paromomycin have a similar anti-bacterial spectrum but fail to inhibit nuclear translocation of ANG and therefore, are not anti-angiogenic [ xref ]."

sparser
"Furthermore, we demonstrated that BDNF-induced HUVEC proliferation was significantly suppressed when neomycin, a specific inhibitor of nuclear translocation of angiogenin, was administered."

sparser
"They also concur with the reports that nuclear function of ANG is related to rRNA transcription ( xref ) and that the neomycin family of aminoglycoside antibiotics blocks nuclear translocation of ANG ( xref )."

sparser
"LNCaP cells were included in this experiment as a control for androgen-stimulated nuclear translocation of ANG, and the results confirmed the finding in xref that androgen stimulates nuclear translocation of ANG in LNCaP cells."

sparser
"In order to understand the mechanism by which ANG maintains CSC quiescence, we first examined differential subcellular distribution of ANG in CSCs and parent cells of PC3, and found that while ANG was translocated to nucleus and accumulated in the nucleolus in PC3 parent cells, as has been reported previously xref , it was mainly located in stress granules and co-localized with poly(A)-binding protein (PABP), a stress granule marker, in CSCs (Supplementary Fig.  xref )."

sparser
"Angiogenin can also translocate into the nucleus of cancer cells and induces the corresponding cell proliferation."

sparser
"Neamine inhibited ANG-induced HUVEC and HeLa cell proliferation as well as nuclear translocation of ANG."

sparser
"The purpose of this study is to assess the antitumor activity of neamine, a nontoxic degradation product of neomycin that blocks nuclear translocation of ANG."

reach
"ANG is taken up by endothelial cells by receptor mediated endocytosis and rapidly translocates to the nucleus, a process essential for its angiogenic activity."

sparser
"Blocking nuclear translocation of angiogenin could have a combined benefit of antiangiogenesis and chemotherapy in treating prostate cancer."

sparser
"pU2 transfected endothelial cells inhibit nuclear translocation of angiogenin."

sparser
"Overall, the results suggest that nuclear translocation of angiogenin and other angiogenic molecules is a critical step in the process of angiogenesis."

reach
"22 ANG is taken up by endothelial cells by receptor mediated endocytosis and rapidly translocates to the nucleus, a process essential for its angiogenic activity."

sparser
"Constitutive nuclear translocation of ANG in cancer cells is a driving force for cancer progression ( xref ; xref ; xref )."

sparser
"After entry into recipient cells via endocytosis, ANG translocates into the nucleus and increases rRNA transcription ( xref )."

sparser
"We have not observed any effect of androgen or antiandrogen on nuclear translocation of ANG in endothelial cells and on the angiogenic activity of ANG."

sparser
"Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the nuclear translocation of ANG."

sparser
"ANG is constitutively translocated to the nucleus of androgen-independent PCa cells."

sparser
"However, LY294002 did not inhibit nuclear translocation of angiogenin in HUVE cells (B)."

sparser
"Further, mAb17 was found to inhibit nuclear translocation of ANG under growth condition ( xref ) and SG accumulation of ANG under stress ( xref ) in P19 cells."

sparser
"This led the search for less toxic derivatives and analogues of neomycin and led to the finding that neamine [ xref ], a virtually nontoxic derivative of neomycin, has comparable activity in blocking nuclear translocation of ANG [ xref ]."

sparser
"Moreover, neomycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic and also an inhibitor that blocks nuclear translocation of human ANG [ xref ], caused reduced cellular internalization of human ANG in rickettsial-infected HUVECs (Figure  xref E-H)."

sparser
"These efforts have resulted in the discovery of neamine [ xref ], a much less toxic compound that is a degradation product of neomycin, also effectively blocks nuclear translocation of ANG [ xref ]."

sparser
"Neamine is less toxic than neomycin and is an effective inhibitor of nuclear translocation of Angiogenin and has been shown to serve as an inhibitor for Angiogenin-induced angiogenesis and cancer progression ( xref , xref , xref , xref )."

sparser
"It blocks nuclear translocation of ANG and inhibits rRNA transcription, cell proliferation, and angiogenesis."

sparser
"Moroianu and Riordan ( xref ) described that the R33A mutant ANG protein is not translocated to the nucleus and lacks angiogenic activity (Moroianu & Riordan, xref )."

sparser
"Here we report that angiogenin is constantly translocated to the nucleus of HeLa cells in a cell density-independent manner."

sparser
"This inhibition was accompanied by a blockade of nuclear translocation of ANG and a decrease in rRNA transcription, consistent with the reports that nuclear function of ANG is related to rRNA transcription and that the neomycin family of aminoglycoside antibiotics blocks nuclear translocation of ANG."

sparser
"It blocks nuclear translocation of angiogenin, inhibits rRNA transcription, cell proliferation as well as angiogenesis."

sparser
"ANG is translocated to the nucleus in both prostate cancer epithelial cells and endothelial cells to exert its role in prostate cancer progression by mediating tumor angiogenesis, cancer cell survival and proliferation through rRNA biogenesis."

sparser
"In summary, this study shows that phosphorylation of protein kinase B/Akt by angiogenin is essential for angiogenin-induced angiogenesis and but not for nuclear translocation of angiogenin in HUVE c[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

sparser
"HBV promoted nuclear translocation of ANG."

sparser
"We next examined the inhibitory activity of hplb2-15-06 towards ANG, and found that it inhibited nuclear translocation of ANG as did the Sema domain ( xref ), and inhibited ANG-induced angiogenesis ( xref )."

sparser
"During the study of the mechanism by which ANG is translocated to the nucleus of endothelial cells, neomycin, a phospholipaseC(PLC) inhibitor, was found to block nuclear translocation of ANG[ xref ]."

sparser
"Nuclear translocation of angiogenin was investigated by immunofluorescence staining and immune electron microscopy."

sparser
"It not only has antibacterial potency, but also inhibits nuclear translocation of Angiogenin and inhibits tumor cell proliferation, migration, and has anti-tumor effects ( xref , xref )."

reach
"Human angiogenin is rapidly translocated to the nucleus of human umbilical vein endothelial cells and binds to DNA."

sparser
"It is plausible that constitutive nuclear translocation of ANG is one of the reasons for sustained growth of cancer cells, a hallmark of malignancy ( xref )."

sparser
"ANG is translocated to the nucleus of growth-stimulated endothelial cells where it accumulates in the nucleolus, binds to the promoter region of ribosomal DNA (rDNA), and stimulates rRNA transcription."

sparser
"Inhibitors of the nuclear translocation of angiogenin abolish the angiogenic activities of these factors."

reach
"Angiogenin translocates to the nucleus where it binds to the rDNA and stimulates the transcription of rRNA XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR."

sparser
"Knockdown of PLXNB2 expression in LNCaP cells ( xref ) abolished specific binding of ANG to cell surface ( xref ), inhibited nuclear translocation of ANG ( xref ), and abolished ANG-induced cell proliferation ( xref ), AKT and ERK phosphorylation, and 47S rRNA transcription ( xref )."

sparser
"Indeed, one of the targets of nerve growth factor-triggered PKC phosphorylation is, once again, nucleolin ( xref ), and in a recent investigation evidence was reported that neomycin blocks nuclear translocation of angiogenin by virtue of this antibiotic's inhibitory action on phospholipase C ( xref )."

sparser
"Inhibition of nuclear translocation of angiogenin by the aminoglycoside antibiotic neomycin( xref ) or mutagenesis of angiogenin’s nuclear localization sequence ( xref ) both abolished the angiogenic activity of angiogenin."

sparser
"ANG knockdown is accompanied by a decrease in DHT-stimulated nuclear translocation of ANG ( xref )."

sparser
"Blockage of nuclear translocation of ANG seems to be a more promising approach and would avoid potential problems caused by high plasma concentration of ANG."

sparser
"This study identifies potential target sites for screening angiogenin-specific inhibitors that could not only inhibit p53 binding but could also simultaneously inhibit cell binding, internalization, DNA binding, and nuclear translocation of human angiogenin."

sparser
"However, blockage of nuclear translocation of ANG seems to be a promising approach to inhibit the function of ANG."

sparser
"P112L ANG variant, which is found in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients ( xref ) and which is incapable of nuclear localization, was unable to mediate tiRNA production, indicating that nuclear translocation of ANG, thus the cell surface receptor of ANG, is required for ANG to cleave tRNA in vivo ."

sparser
"We show that DHT not only stimulates nuclear translocation of ANG in LNCaP cells ( xref ), but also upregulates ANG expression ( xref )."

sparser
"We previously established that neamine has a potent anti-tumor activity by blocking nuclear translocation of ANG through an unknown mechanism ( xref )."

sparser
"Thus, neamine seems to block nuclear translocation of ANG thereby suppressing rRNA transcription, cell proliferation and angiogenesis, consistent with the previous report that ANG plays a dual role in prostate cancer progression by stimulating both angiogenesis and cancer cell proliferation [ xref ]."

sparser
"Nuclear translocation of ANG in endothelial cells is inversely dependent on cell density ( xref ) and is stimulated by growth factors ( xref )."

sparser
"We used ANG at levels found in serum and cerebro-spinal fluid and although this is only one fifth of the concentration of ANG used by Moroianu and Riordan, we observed uptake and nuclear translocation of ANG as early as 5min after addition."

sparser
"Once inside the cell ANG is rapidly translocated to the nucleus where it accumulates inside the nucleolus."

sparser
"Jointly, these data demonstrate that neamine blocks nuclear translocation of ANG thereby inhibiting rRNA transcription and inducing cell apoptosis, leading to a phenotypic reversal of established PIN."

sparser
"The results showed that angiogenin is constitutively translocated into the nucleus of HeLa cells where it stimulates rRNA transcription."

sparser
"Inhibitors of nuclear translocation of ANG."

sparser
"To check if puPA, puPAR or pU2 has an effect on the nuclear translocation of angiogenin, nuclear extracts were prepared from mock-infected, rANG-treated, pU2-transfected, neomycin-treated, or rANG- and neomycin-treated endothelial cells."

reach
"Angiogenin is translocated to the nucleus of HeLa cells and is involved in ribosomal RNA transcription and cell proliferation."

sparser
"Furthermore, R. conorii infection initially triggered nuclear translocation of exogenous ANG at 24 hrs p.i."

reach
"Inhibition of nuclear translocation of angiogenin and mutagenesis at its nuclear localization sequence both potently inhibit the angiogenic activity.Tsuji et al. [21] further demonstrated that angioge[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

sparser
"The nuclear translocation of angiogenin is also necessary for the angiogenic response of VEGF, and other angiogenesis regulators xref ."

sparser
"The purpose of this study is to assess the anti-tumor activity of neamine, a nontoxic degradation product of neomycin that blocks nuclear translocation of angiogenin."

sparser
"More significantly, ANG is translocated to the nucleus, where it accumulates and binds to the promoter region of rDNA and stimulates rRNA transcription [ xref – xref ]."

sparser
"Angiogenin also translocates to the nucleus of cells, which is necessary for other proteins, including VEGF, to exert their proangiogenic effects [ xref ]."

sparser
"Nuclear translocation of angiogenin was monitored by immunofluorescence staining."

reach
"However, ANG is constitutively translocated to the nucleus of cancer cells in a cell density independent manner."

sparser
"ANG translocates to the nucleus, where it binds ribosomal DNA and stimulates the transcription of rRNA xref xref xref xref for diverse functions beyond angiogenesis."

sparser
"Under growth conditions, ANG is translocated to nucleus (where it accumulates in nucleolus) and stimulates ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcription, thus facilitating cell growth and proliferation [ xref ]."

sparser
"Inhibition of nuclear translocation of angiogenin and angiogenin silencing blocked KSHV infected endothelial and lymphoma cell survival and induced cell death ( xref )."

sparser
"Nuclear translocation of angiogenin in endothelial cells has been shown to be necessary for the angiogenic potentials of not only angiogenin but also for VEGF and bFGF ( xref )."

sparser
"Nuclear translocation of angiogenin is critical for the function of angiogenin xref , xref ."

sparser
"We confirmed that angiogenin is a molecular target for cancer drug development and that blocking nuclear translocation of angiogenin is an effective means to inhibit its activity."

sparser
"Neomycin blocked nuclear translocation of angiogenin in vivo."

sparser
"LY294002 inhibits activation of protein kinase B/Akt by angiogenin (D) but does not affect nuclear translocation of angiogenin in HUVE cells (B) suggesting that protein kinase B/Akt activation is not [MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

sparser
"The reason for the differential effect of neamine towards HSC-2 and SAS cells may be related to the different amount of angiogenin these cells secrete and the different level of nuclear translocation of angiogenin."

sparser
"They also concur with the reports that nuclear function of ANG is related to rRNA transcription [ xref ] and that the neomycin family of aminoglycoside antibiotics blocks nuclear translocation of ANG [ xref ]."

reach
"During a study on the mechanism by which angiogenin is translocated to the nucleus of endothelial cells, neomycin, approved by the Food and Drug Administration as an aminoglycoside antibiotic, was found to block nuclear translocation of angiogenin, thereby inhibiting angiogenin induced cell proliferation and angiogenesis."

sparser
"Under growth conditions, ANG is translocated to nucleus where it accumulates in nucleolus and stimulates ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcription, thus facilitating cell growth and proliferation."

sparser
"Aminoglycoside antibiotics neomycin and neamine have been shown to block nuclear translocation of ANG thereby abolishing the biological activity of ANG and inhibiting cancer cell proliferation as well as tumor angiogenesis [ xref ]."

sparser
"Moreover, exogenously added ANG rapidly translocates into the nucleus of growing endothelial cells, binds to DNA, activates rRNA transcription, and promotes protein synthesis [ xref - xref ]."

sparser
"However, the normally well-controlled nuclear translocation process of ANG is dysregulated in cancer cells to fulfill the higher metabolic requirement of these cells ( xref )."

reach
"Angiogenin also translocates to the nucleus of cells, which is necessary for other proteins, including VEGF, to exert their proangiogenic effects [XREF_BIBR]."

sparser
"Increased nuclear translocation of angiogenin has so far been reported in cervical ( xref , xref ), prostate ( xref ), breast ( xref ), and lung ( xref ) cancer and is associated with tumorigenesis and cancer cell proliferation."

sparser
"Ang may function as a tRNA-specific ribonuclease that binds to actin on the surface of endothelial cells; once bound, angiogenin is translocated to the nucleus, promoting the endothelial invasiveness necessary for blood vessel formation."

sparser
"Nuclear translocation of ANG is essential for its biological function [ xref ]."

reach
"Under growth conditions, ANG is translocated to nucleus where it accumulates in nucleolus and stimulates ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcription, thus facilitating cell growth and proliferation."

sparser
"Furthermore, cell surface HS chains have been implicated in the cellular uptake and nuclear translocation of heparanase and angiogenin, though these have not been extensively studied ( xref ; xref )."

sparser
"To inhibit Angiogenin activity, agents that block nuclear translocation of Angiogenin are a better choice than those that neutralize Angiogenin protein directly, because it is not necessary to neutralize all the circulating Angiogenin ( xref )."

sparser
"Nuclear translocation of angiogenin is also dependent on cell density."

sparser
"Indeed, neamine treatment blocked nuclear translocation of ANG and suppressed rRNA transcription in cancer cells."

sparser
"Immunofluorescence and MTT assays were used to observe the effect of neamine on the nuclear translocation of angiogenin and cell proliferation, and a PC-3 cell transplanted tumor model was used to investigate the in vivo activity of neamine and DDP."

sparser
"Functionally, we showed that at 30 μg/ml, mAb17 completely blocked nuclear translocation of ANG under growth conditions ( xref ) and SG localization under stress ( xref ), and abolished angiogenic activity of both ANG and VEGF ( xref ) as we have shown before that ANG-mediated rRNA transcription is required for VEGF to induce angiogenesis ( xref )."

reach
"ANG is taken up by nocadazole treated cells and translocates to the nucleus (XREF_FIG) but its distribution in neurites appears as larger but fewer aggregates (XREF_FIG) as compared to untreated cells."

sparser
"We confirmed that ANG is a molecular target for cancer drug development and that blocking nuclear translocation of ANG is an effective means to inhibit its activity."

sparser
"The mechanisms of neamine inhibition are through blocking nuclear translocation of ANG thereby inhibiting both angiogenesis and cancer cell proliferation."

reach
"Exogeneously added angiogenin was rapidly taken up and translocated to the nucleus of proliferating endothelial cells."

sparser
"Previous studies confirmed that nuclear angiogenin played an important role in rRNA transcription which was essential for the synthesis of new ribosomes in endothelial and several cancer cells , where[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

sparser
"Next, we determined BDNF-induced nuclear translocation of angiogenin by immunofluorescent staining."

sparser
"Targeting nuclear translocation of ANG would avoid potential problems caused by high plasma concentration of ANG."

sparser
"Neamine blocked nuclear translocation of ANG in HUVEC and HepG2 cells, and inhibited ANG-stimulated cell proliferation without affecting basal level cell proliferation."

reach
"Here we report that angiogenin is constantly translocated to the nucleus of HeLa cells in a cell density independent manner."

sparser
"However, ANG is constitutively translocated to the nucleus of cancer cells in a cell density-independent manner ( xref , xref )."

sparser
"Interestingly, the aminoglycosid antibiotic neomycine also blocks nuclear translocation of angiogenin, whereas other aminoglycosids do not show any similar activity."

sparser
"Neamine blocks nuclear translocation of ANG, suppresses rRNA transcription, and inhibits cell proliferation and angiogenesis."

sparser
"During a study on the mechanism by which angiogenin is translocated to the nucleus of endothelial cells, neomycin, approved by the Food and Drug Administration as an aminoglycoside antibiotic, was found to block nuclear translocation of angiogenin, thereby inhibiting angiogenin-induced cell proliferation and angiogenesis ( xref )."

sparser
"In contrast, genistein, oxophenylarsine, and staurosporine, inhibitors of tyrosine kinase, phosphotyrosine phosphatase, and protein kinase C, respectively, do not inhibit nuclear translocation of angiogenin."

sparser
"These results demonstrate that treatment with mAb17 blocked nuclear translocation of ANG and led to inhibition of rRNA transcription, angiogenesis, tumor cell proliferation, and eventual tumor growth."

sparser
"Nuclear translocation of angiogenin occurs through receptor-mediated endocytosis [ xref ] and is independent of microtubule system and lysosomal processing [ xref ]."

sparser
"These findings indicate that nuclear translocation of angiogenin is critically involved in BDNF-induced proliferation of HUVEC."

sparser
"Under growth conditions, the receptor mediates internalization of ANG that is subsequently translocated to the nucleus."

sparser
"Targeting nuclear translocation of ANG would be more advantageous than targeting ANG directly because normally ANG circulates in the plasma ( xref ) at a concentration of 250–350 ng/ml ( xref , xref ) and would require a high dose of inhibitors to neutralize them."

sparser
"Immunofluorescent staining showed that nuclear translocation of exogenous angiogenin occurred in semi-confluent cells."

sparser
"To identify the ANG binding site on PLXNB2, serial deletion mutants were prepared and transfected into COS-7 cells, and the ability of these transfectants to mediate nuclear translocation of ANG was examined."

sparser
"However, antiestrogen has been shown to inhibit nuclear translocation of ANG in endothelia cells ( xref ) and regulates ANG-induced angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo ( xref )."

sparser
"Targeting nuclear translocation of ANG would avoid potential problems caused by its high plasma concentration."

reach
"To stimulate blood-vessel growth, ANG must be transported to the nucleus and must retain its catalytic activity."

sparser
"The arginine residues 31 RRR 33 are critical in governing the nuclear translocation of ANG: R33 is essential and residues 31 RR 32 modulate the process."

sparser
"Moroianu J, Riordan J F. Nuclear translocation of angiogenin in proliferating endothelial cells is essential to its angiogenic activity."

sparser
"These results indicate that neomycin and neamine inhibited nuclear translocation of angiogenin in human OSCC cells."

sparser
"The cell-binding site is critical for nuclear translocation of angiogenin and it may be that internalization of angiogenin is inhibited upon interaction with heparin as a result of the recruitment of residues from the cell-binding region."

sparser
"These results suggest that cross-talk between angiogenin and protein kinase B/Akt signaling pathways is essential for angiogenin-induced angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo, and that angiogenin-induced PKB/Akt activation is independent of nuclear translocation of angiogenin in HUVE cells."

sparser
"Another distinct advantage of targeting nuclear translocation of ANG would be that it might not have serious side effects since nuclear translocation of ANG occurs only in proliferating endothelial and cancer cells. xref – xref "

sparser
"Since the 31RRR33 residues are known to play a pivotal role in the nuclear translocation of ANG, we predicted that a decrease in SASA due to the local folding and close packing of 31RRR33 residues originated due to the replacement of hydrophilic Arg33 to hydrophobic Trp33 would probably lead to the loss of nuclear translocation activity in R33W variant."

sparser
"Androgen stimulates nuclear translocation of ANG in LNCaP cells."

sparser
"Nuclear translocation of angiogenin in proliferating endothelial cells is essential to its angiogenic activity ."

sparser
"Typically, exogenous ANG translocates into the nucleus at 24 hrs and to the cytoplasm at 72 hrs post-infection."

sparser
"The antibiotic activity and the renal toxicity of neomycin seem to be separable from its capacity to inhibit nuclear translocation of ANG."

sparser
"Interestingly, constitutive nuclear translocation of ANG is observed in androgen-independent cell lines, resulting in a constant rRNA overproduction[ xref ]."

sparser
"For example, ANG activates AKT ( xref ), and activated AKT in turn stimulates nuclear translocation of ANG ( xref ; xref )."

sparser
"Paromomycin differs from neomycin only at the C-6 position of the D-glucopyranosyl ring (-OH instead of -NH 2 ) but does not block nuclear translocation of ANG."

reach
"ANG is translocated to the nucleus in both prostate cancer epithelial cells and endothelial cells to exert its role in prostate cancer progression by mediating tumor angiogenesis, cancer cell survival and proliferation through rRNA biogenesis."

sparser
"Treatment of KSHV-infected cell supernatants with antiangiogenin antibodies significantly inhibited endothelial tube formation, and inhibition of nuclear translocation of angiogenin also blocked the expression of KSHV-induced vascular endothelial growth factor C. Collectively, these results strongly suggest that by increasing infected endothelial cell 45S rRNA synthesis, proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis, KSHV-induced angiogenin could be playing a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of KSHV infection, including a contribution to the angioproliferative nature of KS lesions."

sparser
"In one of the early investigations, it was demonstrated that nuclear translocation of ANG was critical for angiogenesis."

sparser
"Deletion of the Sema domain eliminated nuclear translocation of ANG ( xref ), whereas deletion of PSI and/or IPT domains had no effect."