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"We found that α-MSH induced significant activation of ERK1/2 in the WT hMC3R (Fig. xref ), consistent with previous studies when the WT MC3R was stimulated with either NDP-MSH or D-Trp 8 -γ-MSH as well as in mouse dorsal medial nucleus and ventromedial nucleus xref , xref , xref , although not consistent with another report xref ."
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"Tyrosinase (TYR) is a key enzyme that regulates melanin synthesis, xref which is regulated by a microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF). xref It is reported that Erk1/2 activation can phosphorylate MITF at Ser73 and 409 sites, leading to a temporary increase in the trans-activation activity and subsequent degradation of MITF. xref As α-MSH can activate the ERK1/2 signaling via binding to MC1R, xref , xref we conjecture that ERK1/2/MITF/TYR signaling may be involved in α-MSH-PE38KDEL-mediated apoptosis of melanoma cells."