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"The cIAPs can ubiquitinate RIP1, which leads to activation of NF-κB and MAPK pathways to promote cell survival.39 40 Upon cIAP degradation, RIP1 can be de-ubiquitinated by deubiquitinase cylindromatosis (CYLD).41 Upon deubiquitination, Complex IIa forms (Fig. 3), which typically includes RIP1, caspase-8, and FADD.38 42 Formation of this complex can trigger cell death by apoptosis."