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AKT phosphorylates GSK3 on S9. 135 / 135
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"GSK3β can be phosphorylated at Ser-9 residue by Akt or MAPK ( Rayasam et al., 2009; Gayer et al., 2009 )."

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"These results are consistent with the downregulation of GSK3β activity through its phosphorylation at S9 that we found because the S9 phosphorylation of GSK3β is catalyzed by AKT."

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"It is worth noting that the enzymatic activity of GSK3β is regulated by Akt, which phosphorylates Ser9 on GSK3β to inhibit its kinase activity [26] ."

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"Li is a monovalent cation that is capable of inhibiting GSK3 both directly, via competition with its cofactor magnesium, and indirectly, via activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway, which phosphorylates GSK3 at the Ser 21 (GSK3α) and Ser 9 (GSK3β) sites, preventing substrate binding to the GSK3 isoforms (Hamstra, Whitley, et al., 2020)."

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"In addition, GSK3β was a phosphorylation substrate of Akt.17 Activation of Akt promoted the phosphorylation of GSK3β at Ser9, which in turn inhibited the degradation of β‐catenin and activated Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway."

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"AKT phosphorylates GSK3β at Ser9 to inactivate GSK3β.8 IPMK KO MEFs showed a substantial loss of GSK3β phosphorylation at Ser9 in all experimental cell types (Figures 1D–1F)."

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"Moreover, Akt phosphorylates the two isoforms, alpha and beta, of the glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) in S21 and S9, respectively, promoting their inactivation [XREF_BIBR] and blocking its ability to induce apoptosis in response to a wide range of stimuli."

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"Upon binding to Slit, ROBO1 activates AKT, which in turn phosphorylates GSK3β on Ser9, thereby de-activating the kinase in axons ."

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"Recently, we generated homozygous knockin mice in which the PKB phosphorylation site on GSK3α (Ser21) and GSK3β (Ser9) was changed to Ala to prevent inactivation of this enzyme by insulin [5] ."

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"In addition, phosphorylation of GSK3βS9, the AKT downstream substrate [27] , is significantly blocked by methyl violet 2B in a dose-dependent manner but the level of PTEN is not altered by this substa[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

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"In addition, activated Akt also phosphorylates GSK-3 on Ser9 ( Moses et al., 2009 )."

sparser
"When PKB phosphorylates GSK-3 at Ser9, the phosphorylated N-terminus interacts with the substrate-binding pocket."

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"We next studied the phosphorylation of the inhibitory PKB phosphorylation sites on GSK3α (Ser21) and GSK3β (Ser9) employing phospho-specific antibodies."

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"Phosphorylation of GSK3 by AKT at auto-inhibitory N-terminal serine residues (Ser9/Ser21) inhibits GSK3 activity."

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"Activated Akt phosphorylates GSK3β at S9 residue, which inactivates the kinase and allows cardiomyocyte hypertrophic growth to occur [6]."
| PMC

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"It has been reported that active AKT can directly phosphorylate Ser9 of GSK3β and suppress its activity (36)."

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"We found FGF1 binds to the FGFR, resulting in the phosphorylation of Akt, which in turn phosphorylates GSK3β at Ser9, rendering the kinase-inactive and resulting in decreased phosphorylation of downstream substrates, including β-catenin.Although Tian-Song Liang has found that MicroRNA-506 can inhibit NPC tumour growth and metastasis by downregulating LHX2 [44], our study further extended the downstream targets and signalling pathway by which LHX2 serve as the oncogene in NPC, providing potential therapeutic strategies, such as FGF1/FGFR inhibitors."

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"AKT phosphorylates GSK3 α or β at Ser21 or Ser9 residue respectively."

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"Akt can phosphorylate GSK3α and GSK3β at residues S21 and S9, respectively, thereby inactivating GSK3 and suppressing β-catenin degradation [144–146]."

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"Akt phosphorylates GSK3β at Ser21 and Ser9 and thereby inactivates this protein kinase."

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"PKB is known to phosphorylate GSK-3 at Ser 21 in GSK-3α and Ser 9 in GSK-3β."

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"Moreover, when p85ɑ is partly deleted, Akt activation consequently phosphorylates GSK3β at Ser9, inactivates GSK3β, and destroys the β-catenin degradation complex, thus β-catenin accumulates and activates downstream transcription factors such as Runx2 to increase osteogenesis ."

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"Axin, APC, GSK3β, and CK1α formed a destruction complex in the cytoplasm.11, 12 When the destruction complex interacted with β‐catenin, β‐catenin was ubiquitinated and subsequently degraded by cellular proteasome.13, 14 In addition, as a phosphorylation substrate of Akt, GSK3β could be phosphorylated by Akt at Ser9, which inactivated GSK3β, leading to inhibition of β‐catenin degradation by proteasome."

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"Long-term treatment of cells with insulin or IGF-1 results in Akt activation, which in turn phosphorylates GSK3β on Ser 9 , decreasing activity with the net result being a decrease in tau phosphorylat[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

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"The active Akt, in turn, phosphorylates the ser-9 of GSK3β and inactivates it, making β-catenin available to play roles in the upregulation of expression of genes that code for osteogenic proteins [151]."

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"Interestingly, corylin did not directly inhibit the binding of HSP90β to SREBPs but disrupted the interaction between HSP90β and Akt and significantly reduced Thr308 phosphorylation of Akt and Ser9 phosphorylation of GSK3β, thereby promoting F‐Box‐ and WD40 domain protein‐7‐mediated ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of mature SREBPs.In preclinical models, corylin treatment effectively improved Western‐type diet‐induced dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and atherosclerosis in mice by inhibiting HSP90β."

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"ASNS could interact with AKT and upregulate the phosphorylation of AKT on Ser473, then active AKT phosphorylated GSK3β on Ser9, suggesting that ASNS modulated Wnt pathway through AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin axis.ASNS and mitochondrial function were also intertwined."

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"Notably, Akt phosphorylates Ser9 of GSK3β (p-Ser9 GSK-3β), which converts GSK3β to an inactive form, leading to the activation of glycogen synthase (GS) [4,5]."

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"Akt could phosphorylate GSK3β at Ser 9 to make it deactivate to facilitate the accumulation of Nrf2 [111, 116]."

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"In CGNs, Akt is activated by high-frequency stimulation and transiently phosphorylates GSK3 on Ser 9."

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"Typhimurium first activates PI3K and consecutively Akt, which leads to inhibitory phosphorylation (Ser-9) of GSK3β."

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"Akt phosphorylates Ser21 of GSK3α and Ser9 of GSK3β resulting in transient inactivation of GSK3β [22, 23]."

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"Whereas Akt activation stabilizes c-Myc through phosphorylating GSK3β Ser9, which is associated with GSK3β inactivation."

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"Carlos R et al. showed that Akt could phosphorylate Ser 9 of GSK3β, which led GSK3β to lose its kinase activity."

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"Akt, a key mediator of IIS phosphorylates Ser9 residue of GSK3 and keeps it inactive."

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"Akt phosphorylates the N-terminus of GSK3β at Ser9, which reduces GSK3β kinase activity by obstructing substrate recognition (51)."

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"Insulin mediated AKT activation induces Ser 9 phosphorylation of GSK3, leading to the suppression of its kinase activity 71."

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"This was despite each AKT paralog phosphorylating the GSK3β(S9) consensus sequence with comparable efficiencies (Figure S4C,D)."

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"AKT phosphorylates GSK3β at Ser9 (an inactivated form of GSK3β) and inhibits the activity of GSK3β."

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"PKB/Akt phosphorylates GSK3α(Ser-21) and GSK3β(Ser-9), and these residues lie in a typical PKB/Akt consensus substrate motif [14] ."

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"33 In the PI3K/Akt pathway, activated Akt phosphorylates and inactivates GSK3β (phosphorylation at Ser9), preventing β‐catenin phosphorylation and allowing β‐catenin nuclear translocation."

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"Akt triggers the phosphorylation of GSK3β at Ser9, resulting in the deactivation of GSK function as shown in Fig. 7B and C."

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"However, it was recently shown that, in opposition to the nuclear level of GSK3, which is decreased by activated Akt [7] , activated Akt is imported into mitochondria where it phosphorylates Ser9 of G[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

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"2) Akt phosphorylate GSK3β and forms GSK3βSer9, which inhibits the unnecessary opening of PTP, thus affecting further consequences (discussed above) ( Ruvolo et al., 2015 )."

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"Activated Akt phosphorylates GSK3β at Ser9, and then increases GS activity, leading to the promotion of glycogen synthesis [ 41 ]."

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"PKB plays a primordial role in mediating glucose transport, glycogen synthesis, gluconeogenesis, lipogenesis, and protein synthesis, through the following mechanisms: increasing the number of GLUT4 tr[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

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"GSK3β is a downstream kinase of AKT, and GSK3β phosphorylation at serine-9 (S9) by AKT and other members of the AGC kinase family results in the loss of function of GSK3β ( van Weeren et al., 1998 )."

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"Likewise, activated AKT also phosphorylate GSK-3 on ser9."

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"AKT is known to inhibit GSK3β activity by phosphorylating GSK3β at Ser9 (Cross et al., 1995)."

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"More recently, GSK3 was shown to enhance proteasomal degradation of VEGFR-2 by regulating the binding of β-transducin repeats containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase to VEGFR-2 (29), and GSK3 activity is inhibited by AKT that phosphorylates the serine residues Ser21 in GSK3α and Ser9 in GSK3β (30)."

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"The activated Akt and p70S6K further phosphorylate GSK3β at ser9 and reduces its activity, which promotes the activation of glycogen synthase (GS), thus increasing the muscle glycogen.In addition to muscle mechanisms for insulin resistance, central body fat (visceral fat and subcutaneous abdominal fat) is associated with insulin resistance [20,39]."
| PMC

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"When PKB phosphorylates GSK-3 at Ser9, the phosphorylated N-terminus interacts with the substrate binding pocket."

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"For instance, two pancreatic cancer cell lines, PANC1 and ASPC1, exhibit amplification of AKT and high levels of AKT RNA and protein [XREF_BIBR] but also highly active GSK-3beta suggesting that, although some pools of GSK-3 can be phosphorylated by AKT at Ser21 and Ser9 and inhibited, other pools of GSK-3 may remain active in cancer cells [XREF_BIBR]."

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"Research indicates that Akt activation can directly phosphorylate GSK3 at Ser9 and suppress its kinase activity, thereby reducing the expression level of GSK3β [56, 57]."

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"Likewise, activated AKT also phosphorylate GSK-3 on ser9."

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"AKT phosphorylates GSK3 on serine 9 for GSK3β or 21 for GSK3α, thereby inactivating GSK3 xref ."

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"Since Akt phosphorylates GSK3β on its regulatory serine residue (Serine9), inhibiting its activity [34], increased p-GSK3β (Serine9) in FI animals compared to F rats could be a consequence of the recovery in p-Akt level induced by the phytochemical."

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"Since Akt activity is increased in renal cortex at this time [XREF_BIBR], it is likely that Akt may promote Ser9 phosphorylation of GSK3 beta, as reported in non renal cells."

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"Akt signaling in skeletal muscle leads to phosphorylation of GSK3 ser9, whereby the GSK enzyme is inactivated."

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"AKT can phosphorylate GSK3β at Ser9, inhibiting its activity."

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"The apoptosis-related factors (cleaved PARP and caspase-3) and cell cycle arrest-related factors (p21 and p27) showed the same trend, whereas the suppression of Akt phosphorylation and induction of GSK3β inactivation due to increased Ser9 phosphorylation after the TA3 treatment was blocked by insulin."

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"Moreover, PI3K-activated AKT can phosphorylate GSK3β (Ser 9), resulting in inactivation of GSK3β and increases of Cyclin D1 ( Ma et al., 2021; Liu et al., 2013 ), which was consistent with our results[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

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"Insulin binding to its receptor activated AKT through serine phosphorylation at position 437, and the activated AKT promoted GSK3β phosphorylation at Ser9, which inactivated GSK3β."

rlimsp
"Akt phosphorylates GSK3 on Ser9 to inactivate it and inhibition of Akt activates GSK335."

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"Microprocessor activity is regulated in part by GSK3β, which is phosphorylated at S9 and subsequently inhibited by mTORC2 via AKT."

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"Jope et al. reported that Akt phosphorylates GSK3β on Ser9, resulting in inhibited kinase activity [26] , while Pastorino et al. found that inhibition of Akt in HeLa cells activates GSK3β, resulting i[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

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"Additionally, GSK3β (Ser9) can be phosphorylated by Akt, inhibiting its enzymatic activity."

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"Akt phosphorylates GSK3 on Ser9 to inactivate it and inhibition of Akt activates GSK3 XREF_BIBR."

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"Though Akt is best-known to regulate β-catenin through phosphorylating GSK3β at Ser9, there are also GSK3β independent pathways."

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"Numerous kinases, such as Akt/protein kinase B (PKB), protein kinase C (PKC), ERK, p70 S6 kinase, p90Rsk and protein kinase A (PKA) can phosphorylate GSK3β at Ser9, and therefore, inactivate GSK3β [15[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

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"Thus, Akt phosphorylation at Ser 473 is correlating with phosphorylation of GSK3β at ser 9 ."

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"In addition, PI3K/AKT inactivated GSK3β by phosphorylating the Ser9 residue of GSK3β."

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"The phosphorylation of GSK-3 by AKT at serine 21 in GSK-3α or serine 9 in GSK-3β inhibits the kinase activity of GSK-3 [ xref , xref ]."

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"AKT activation is known to induce a pro-survival response by phosphorylating GSK3β on Ser9, which inhibits its activity, a site which we also observe to be enhanced in the c-Rel cells (Figure 3A)."

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"We found that Ser 21/9 phosphorylation of GSK-3 was mediated by Ca (2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) but not by Akt and PKB, PKA, or p90 (RSK)."

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"GSK3 is one of the main targets of Akt and is phosphorylated by active Akt at its two subunits GSK3α (Ser21) and GSK3β (Ser9) ( Manning and Toker, 2017 )."

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"Akt phosphorylates GSK-3 at Serine 21 and Serine 9 in two different isoforms GSK-3 and GSK-3 respectively and inhibits its activity [ xref , xref ]."

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"70 AKT can reduce the activity of GSK3β by phosphorylating the Ser9 site of GSK3β, thereby promoting glucose uptake and utilisation in tumour cells and increasing the energy supply of tumour cells."

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"We recently demonstrated that phosphorylation of GSK3β by Akt at Ser 9 inactivated its kinase activity and inhibited cellular apoptosis ( Chen et al., 2009 )."

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"Besides, PI3K induced Akt activation leads to phosphorylation of GSK3β (Ser9) and GSK3β inhibition."

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"Akt phosphorylates GSK3 at Ser9, inhibiting its activity and stabilizing and accumulating β-catenin, which induces cell proliferation ( xref )."

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"It is generally accepted that GSK3 is phosphorylated at Ser9 by AKT downstream of growth factor signaling and inactivated at Ser 9 ( xref )."

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"Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) remains in an inactive condition and it gets activated by Akt which phosphorylates GSK3β on the Ser9 residue."

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"GSK3β phosphorylation at Ser9 has been reported to be induced by Akt [ 21 ]."

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"For instance, insulin and other growth factors activate Akt, which in turn phosphorylates GSK3β at Ser9 ( Fig. 3 A), rendering the kinase inactive and resulting in decreased phosphorylation of downstr[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

rlimsp
"AKT phosphorylates GSK3 on serine 9 for GSK3β or 21 for GSK3α, thereby inactivating GSK3 [21]."

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"AKT phosphorylates and inactivates GSK3β at Ser9, and we observed an increased proportion of pGSK3β in SNU475 cells, although the total levels of GSK3β did not change (Figure 5B)."

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"It has been reported that AXL can activate Akt, which then phosphorylates the S9 site of GSK3β and leads to the inactivation of GSK3β [22]."

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"We have seen that AKT phosphorylates Ser9 of GSK3β and inhibits its activity."

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"Specifically, Akt1 levels and Akt-dependent phosphorylation of GSK3β (at Ser9) were reduced in the frontal cortex of schizophrenic patients."

rlimsp
"For MyD88-dependent signaling, TLR-mediated inhibition of GSK3, via AKT phosphorylation of its Ser 9 residue leads to increases in DNA binding of cAmp response element binding protein 1 (CREB), which displaces the coactivator CBP from NFκB."

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"Notably, Akt, the other signal implicated in CML incipient resistance to IM, phosphorylates GSK-3 at Ser 9 and may be therefore contribute to Slug stabilization [24,27] ."

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"Akt phosphorylates GSK3 at Ser9, inhibiting its activity and stabilizing and accumulating β-catenin, which induces cell proliferation (Figure 7)."

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"Stimulation of N29/4 cells by insulin for 30 min results in a substantial inhibition of GSK3 activity, as expected from increased PKB activity causing GSK3 Ser-9 and Ser-21 phosphorylation."

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"It is generally accepted that GSK3 is phosphorylated at Ser9 by AKT downstream of growth factor signaling and inactivated at Ser 9 (18)."

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"Active Akt (pAkt-Ser473) phosphorylates GSK3β at the Ser-9 residue and thus, we also analyzed the levels of hippocampal pAkt-Ser473 ( Fig. 4 B)."

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"It is well known that AKT phosphorylates GSK3β in its Ser9 suppressing its activity [42]."

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"We found that AKT phosphorylation resulted in an increased phosphorylation of GSK3β in its Ser9 and consequently, leads to an up-regulation of SNAI1, which undergoes degradation when phosphorylated by active GSK3β [43] both in terms of protein level (Fig. 4b) and of mRNA (as shown below, Fig. 4d)."

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"While AKT activity can be suppressed by DISC1 due to its competitive binding to Girdin, the AKT co-activator [36], we found that the AKT pathway is activated by DISC-Δ3 variant lacking the Girdin binding region, thus resulting in an indirect enhancement of GSK3β S9 phosphorylation."

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"The activation of AKT causes phosphorylation of GSK3α (Ser 21) and GSK3β (Ser 9) and suppresses their activities."

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"As Akt plays important role in the phosphorylation of GSK3β at ser 9, role of upstream regulator on GSK3β was assessed using selective pharmacological inhibitor."

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"This is not surprising as GSK-3α/β isoforms are phosphorylated directly by AKT on S21 and S9 (α and β isoforms respectively), leading to GSK-3 inhibition ."

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"GSK3 is rapidly phosphorylated at Ser21 in GSK3α or Ser9 in GSK3β by AKT, resulting in inhibition of GSK3 kinase activity [ xref ]."

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"GSK3β is phosphorylated at S9 by PKB, which inhibits GSK3β activity [38] ."

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"AKT is activated by phosphorylation at Ser 437 after insulin binds to its receptor, and the activated AKT promotes phosphorylation of GSK3β at Ser9, which inactivates GSK3β (Manning and Toker, 2017)."

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"PKB and Akt can phosphorylate both GSK3 isoforms (S21 of GSK3alpha and S9 of GSK3beta), leading to an inhibition of GSK3 activity."

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"PKB and Akt can phosphorylate both GSK3 isoforms (S21 of GSK3alpha and S9 of GSK3beta), leading to an inhibition of GSK3 activity."

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"PI3K/AKT, which normally phosphorylates GSK3β (at Ser9) and so deactivates it, is impaired in AD."

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"This suggests that PKC, Akt and p90rsk are activated within these cells to phosphorylate Ser 9 of GSK3 beta."

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"AKT (protein kinase B)-mediated phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) on serine-9 is one of the primary mechanisms that regulate GSK-3 activation."

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"AKT can phosphorylate GSK3β Ser9, thereby allowing β-catenin to escape degradation [42]."

rlimsp
"Lastly, Akt could inhibit GSK3 by phosphorylating it at Ser21 and Ser9, causing an anti-apoptotic effect [33]."

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"In addition, activated Akt also phosphorylates GSK-3 on Ser9 ( Moses et al., 2009 )."

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"Phosphorylation of GSK3β on Ser 9 by Akt leads to inactivation of GSK3β, which has been demonstrated to mediate convergence of myocyte protection signaling through opening K ATP and inhibition of mPTP[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

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"Romorini et al. demonstrated that AKT can phosphorylate GSK3β at Ser9 to inhibit GSK3β activity, thereby promoting the survival of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) 38."

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"In addition, GSK3β phosphorylation at Ser9, which is mediated by AKT, was decreased in me v /me v MSCs, the cause of which remains to be determined."

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"In the present study, we discovered that AKT phosphorylated GSK3β at Ser9 and decreased p21 and p27 protein levels; these findings imply that metformin and lansoprazole treatment tended to induce cell survival."

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"Active Akt phosphorylates mTOR and GSK3β at the Ser 9 residue [21] ."

rlimsp
"The critical protein in the regulation of β-catenin phosphorylation and stability is GSK-3, whose activity is also regulated by phosphorylation at serine 9. Although PKB can phosphorylate GSK-3 at this site and inhibit its activity, our results also implicate a direct role for ILK in the regulation of GSK-3 activity."

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"GSK3β is also a critical target of the PI3K/AKT pathway, with GSK3β Ser9 also being phosphorylated by activated AKT [43]."

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"As GSK3 is phosphorylated, and hence inhibited, at Ser9/Ser21 by AKT ( Cohen and Frame, 2001 ), it is tempting to speculate that AKT counteracts CK2-dependent PTEN inactivation through this feedback m[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

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"The close association between the PI3K/AKT pathway and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) has been well-established in previous studies, highlighting the role of activated AKT in phosphorylating GSK3β at Ser 9."

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"22 , 23 , 24 In this pathway, AKT phosphorylates GSK3β at the Ser9 site, leading to a decreased activity of GSK3β."

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"Akt phosphorylates GSK3 on Ser9 to inactivate it and inhibition of Akt activates GSK3 xref ."

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"50 In turn, Akt-dependent phosphorylation of GSK3β at S9 inactivates the kinase.51 Thus, REDD1 enhances NLRP3 inflammasome activation via an Akt/GSK3β/NF-κB signaling axis.In the retina of diabetic mice treated with the GSK3 inhibitor VP3.15, NLRP3 expression was not increased as compared with nondiabetic control mice."

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"Akt can phosphorylate GSK3β on Ser9 to inhibit GSK3β activity."

rlimsp
"Unlike most protein kinases, GSK-3 is constitutively active in quiescent cells, and undergoes an inhibitory phosphorylation by Akt (on serine 9 for GSK-3β, and on serine 21 for GSK-3α) in the presence of growth factors [4]."

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"Upon activation, Akt phosphorylates GSK3β at the Ser9 site, which inhibits the protein (Cross et al., 1995); therefore, inhibiting Akt effectively prevents GSK3β inhibition."

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"GSK-3 serine kinase is directly phosphorylated by Akt on Ser-9 (α-isoform) or Ser-21 (β-isoform), leading to inactivation of GSK-3 kinase ( Laviola et al., 2001 )."

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"Activation of sSRs with their specific ligands directly triggers GSK-3 phosphorylation at Ser-9 by rapid activation of Akt/PKB."

rlimsp
"Serine-9 on GSK3 can be phosphorylated by Sgk (serum- and glucocorticoid-induced protein kinase) and by Akt."

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"Although Akt causes GSK3β phosphorylation at Ser9 (pS 9 GSK3β) and inhibits its activity to degrade β-catenin [ 45 ], Akt-mediated pS 9 GSK3β can also be tumor-promoting in certain tumor types (see In[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

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"AKT phosphorylates GSK3β S9 and inhibits GSK3β stability ."

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"It is accepted that PI3K/Akt, p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 can all phosphorylate GSK3β (Ser9) directly or indirectly, influencing its activity and thus regulating the activity and nuclear translocation of β-ca[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

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"In contrast, in growth factor/insulin signaling, the kinases PKA and PKB/Akt phosphorylate GSK3β at Ser9 (Cross et al., 1995; Fang et al., 2000; Jensen et al., 2007; Sutherland et al., 1993), which inhibits GSK3β by binding in the priming pocket and blocking substrate binding (Dajani et al., 2001; Frame and Cohen, 2001; Stamos et al., 2014; ter Haar et al., 2001; Figure 1A)."