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IL6 phosphorylates STAT3. 1000 / 1926
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"Here, we demonstrated that despite the propensity to produce more IL-6 from APC ( xref ), IL-6 induced STAT3 phosphorylation in neonatal T FH cells was reduced compared to those of adult cells, a likely consequence of the reduced expression of the GP130 component of IL-6R complex on neonatal T FH cells."
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"Since type I IFN and IL-6 share the ability to induce phosphorylation of both STAT1 and STAT3 (Ho and Ivashkiv, 2006), we ran gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) (Subramanian et al., 2005) to identify potential overlapping downstream target genes in the whole blood ‘Berry TB’ disease signature (Berry et al., 2010)."
sparser
"Alternatively, trans-signalling was activated in these cells by using hyper-IL-6 (hIL-6), a fusion protein consisting of human IL-6 linked by a flexible peptide chain to human sIL-6R. xref , xref Cells were stimulated for 30 min, with or without pre-incubation with Tcz, a neutralizing human anti-IL6R antibody, or optimized sgp130Fc, a fusion protein of the extracellular domain of gp130 dimerized by the Fc domain of human IgG1 that selectively blocks trans-signalling. xref , xref IL-6 stimulation induced phosphorylation of STAT3, which was inhibited by pre-incubation with Tcz in a dose-dependent manner."
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"We showed that hemizygous hBERK1 mice expressing a relatively small% of sickle human Hb as compared to homozygous HbSS-BERK mice, had elevated levels of TLR4, COX-2, IL-6, phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and phosphorylated mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) p38, and p44 and p42 extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK), in the spinal cord, each of which can contribute to sensitization of nociceptive dorsal horn neurons [XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR]."
sparser
"The gene encoding STAT3 is itself activated in response to IL-6-induced STAT3 phosphorylation ( xref ) and the consequent increase in unphosphorylated STAT3 induces the transcription of additional genes, in part through STAT3 binding to the RelA subunit of the transcription factor nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) ( xref )."
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"Interestingly, while the ability of trans-signalling to promote STAT-1 phosphorylation did not differ in T cells isolated from mice exposed to HFD feeding for 8 or 16 weeks, T cells isolated from mice exposed to prolonged HFD feeding exhibited significantly enhanced STAT-3 phosphorylation in response to IL-6 trans-signalling (XREF_FIG)."
sparser
"Moreover, neutralizing antibodies against IL-6 and IL-10 were unable to suppress CM-induced STAT3 phosphorylation ( xref ) and the expression of pro-tumorigenic marker genes ( xref ), while the doses of neutralizing antibodies we used were able to abrogate the STAT3 phosphorylation induced by IL-6 and IL-10 ( xref )."
sparser
"The Ski protein interacts with Lats2 and enhances its activity to destabilize the TAZ protein in mammary epithelial cells, xref whereas, in lung cancer, the Ski gene is silenced by methylation and, consequently, Ski is unable to inhibit TAZ. xref Ski and SnoN negatively regulate the expression of the Indian hedgehog ( Ihh ) gene in primary chondrocytes via different transcriptional complexes: SnoN/Smad2 and HDAC4 form a complex with high affinity; whereas, the Ski/Smad3 complex has a lower affinity. xref Furthermore, gefitinib is a drug that is used to treat lung cancer; thus, the IL-6 cytokine induces Stat3 phosphorylation to repress Smad3 expression, promoting gefitinib resistance, and Stat3 interacts with Ski and SnoN to inhibit the R-Smad/co-Smad complex. xref "
sparser
"IL-6 induces the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in pancreatic cancer cells and stimulates angiogenesis and tumor vascularization. xref IL-6 induced phosphorylation of STAT3, which in turn, mitochondrial localization of pSTAT3 promotes pancreatic tumorigenesis by activating cell proliferation and inhibiting autophagy. xref "
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"The results demonstrated that the levels of IRF4, STAT3 and P-STAT3 proteins in IL-6 induced Mphis was markedly elevated compared with non-IL-6-induced Mphis, which indicates that IL-6 may elicit the phosphorylation of STAT3 and the activation of the STAT3 signaling pathway, promote the transcription of IRF4 and regulate the production of IL-10 or IL-12, resulting in the M2 like phenotype."
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"Whereas IL-6 signaling induces STAT3 phosphorylation that is required for Rorgammat expression and T H 17 development, the actions of RA are at least partially dependent on IL-2, which induces STAT5 phosphorylation that is required for Foxp3 expression and iT reg cell development, and which suppresses T H 17 development XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR."
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"Interleukin-6, but not interleukin-10, stimulated phosphorylation of STAT3, and induction of SOCS3 mRNA expression were potentiated in a time- and dose dependent manner in macrophage cell lines derived from AFABP/aP2-EFABP/mal1 double knock-out mice relative to cells from wild type animals."
sparser
"The results demonstrated that the levels of IRF4, STAT3 and P-STAT3 proteins in IL-6 induced Mφs was markedly elevated compared with non-IL-6-induced Mφs, which indicates that IL-6 may elicit the phosphorylation of STAT3 and the activation of the STAT3 signaling pathway, promote the transcription of IRF4 and regulate the production of IL-10 or IL-12, resulting in the M2-like phenotype."
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"In the presence of 50 muM Stattic, a non peptide small molecule inhibitor of STAT3 SH2 domain function, STAT3 (S727) phosphorylation induced by 20 ng/ml IL-6 was inhibited 3.5 +/- 0.18 fold, STAT3 (Y705) phosphorylation increased 2.4 +/- 0.12 fold and SOC3 levels increased 3.2 +/- 0.16 fold (XREF_FIG)."
sparser
"Importantly, the previous study found that the IL-6-induced phosphorylation of STAT3 in neoplastic gastric tissue positively correlated with tumor progression. xref It has been established that IL-6-mediated activation of STAT3 signaling pathway can promote the progression of other cancers. xref , xref The STAT3 inhibitor inhibited the activation of STAT3, blocking the IL-6 signaling pathway which downregulated cancer cell proliferation, and downregulated the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2. xref Thus, to further clarify whether nifuratel can block the IL-6-induced phosphorylation of STAT3, we combined the treatment with nifuratel and IL-6."
sparser
"EBLs from patients carrying the STAT3 "A" risk allele exhibited increased basal and IL-6-stimulated STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation, increased transcription of STAT3 and SOCS3 after IL-6 stimulation, and increased membrane localization of the IL-6 receptor, GP130, and Janus-associated kinase 2."
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"Since mouse IL6 does not bind to the human receptor, we generated luciferase expressing T47D cells that also express human IL6 (XREF_SUPPLEMENTARY), which induces constitutive phosphorylation and activation of STAT3 (XREF_SUPPLEMENTARY), and injected these cells intraductally into the mouse mammary glands of NSG females."
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"STAT3 is a downstream mediator of IL6, and the IL-6 and STAT3 pathway induces the phosphorylation and transportation of STAT3 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, which then increases the expression of genes essential for satellite cell proliferation and differentiation XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR."
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"Western analysis showed that Stat3 activation, as indicated by phosphorylation, was induced by IL-6 plus sIL-6R, while IL-6-dependent Stat3 activation was effectively blocked by meloxicam and loxoprofen sodium hydrate as well as the control CP690,550, suggesting that both drugs inhibit Stat3 activation and phosphorylation."
sparser
"In cancer cell assays both compounds bind to GP130 and demonstrated selective inhibition of IL-6 induced STAT3 phosphorylation and were significantly more potent than the previously reported natural product inhibitor MDL-A. The identified drugs represent a new class of lead compounds with piperidine, benzothiophene, and indole scaffolds to inhibit IL-6 induced homodimerization of GP130."
sparser
"The STAT3 small-molecule inhibitor LLL12 plays a role in blocking IL-6-induced STAT3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, thus inhibiting proliferation and promoting apoptosis of HCC cells ( xref ), C188-9, Curcumin, OPB-31121, S31-201 and AZD9150 inhibit the phosphorylation of STAT3 to block the proliferation of HCC cells ( xref , xref – xref )."
sparser
"Propolis also suppressed the IL-6-induced phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), a cytokine-activated essential transcription factor in Th17 development, concomitantly with the enhanced suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 expression involved in the downregulation of STAT3 phosphorylation."
sparser
"We examined IL-6 signaling response in T cells (CD3 + ), B cells (CD20 + ), NK cells (CD16 + ) and myeloid cells (CD33 + ) and found that IL-6 induced phosphorylation of STAT1 (p=0.003) and STAT3 (p=0.0004) in naïve CD4 + T cells from BC patients (n=57) was significantly lower than that in healthy donors (n=26) ( xref )."
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"To see if the NanoBiT cell based immunoassay can be used to profile drugs and assess their selectivity towards different node kinases belonging to the same family, STAT3 phosphorylation in response to IL-6 was studied in the presence of JAK1/2 and JAK3 kinase selective inhibitors."
sparser
"To examine whether A769662 stimulated tyrosine phosphatases, thereby reducing IL-6-stimulated STAT3 phosphorylation, the capacity of A769662 to inhibit IL-6-stimulated STAT3 phosphorylation was examined in 3T3-L1 adipocytes preincubated with the tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor orthovanadate."
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"In the state of acute and chronic inflammation, IL-6 elevates the synthesis and secretion of FGF23 from bone by inducing the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) through soluble IL-6 Receptor (sIL-6R)-mediated trans-signaling, prompting STAT3 to bind its response element on the Fgf23 promoter [180]."
sparser
"More specifically, IL-8, IL-6, and EGF induce phosphorylation of STAT3 and ERK in the endothelial cells resulting in their increased survival and proliferation to promote angiogenesis. xref CAF-secreted CXCL12 via CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling in endothelial cells controls angiogenesis by upregulating VEGF expression. xref TGF-β, which is present in the HNSCC TME and also secreted by Tregs, CAFs, TAMs, and MSDCs also increase angiogenesis. xref Similarly, lymphotoxin-α (LT-α), a member of the TNF superfamily, and an important pro-inflammatory cytokine secreted by B and T lymphocytes, increases angiogenesis by regulating CXCL2 expression."
sparser
"Additionally, HF did not inhibit early IL-6–induced STAT3 phosphorylation (where STAT proteins are signal transducers and activators of transcription) ( xref ), but it did reduce sustained STAT3 activation beginning 12 hours poststimulation ( xref ), indicating that HF indirectly modulates factors that maintain STAT3 signaling."
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"Concomitant treatment with ketoconazole also resulted in a 2-fold increase in ruxolitinib induced inhibition of IL-6 stimulated STAT3 phosphorylation in whole blood (the area under the pharmacodynamic effect curve [PD AUCE 0-sub> 0-t] of IL-6 stimulated STAT3 phosphorylation, a PD index for the drug); the geometric mean ratio for PD AUCE 0-t between the ruxolitinib plus ketoconazole coadministration and ruxolitinib alone was 2.0 (90% CI 1.5-2.6; P = 0.0004)."
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"For example, IL-6 has been reported to induce phosphorylation of Stat3, which is associated with increases in the expression levels of the anti-apoptotic genes Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 in Barrett 's esophagus, a condition that appears to result from chronic irritation and is characterized by the replacement of dysplastic squamous epithelial cells with metaplastic intestinal like columnar epithelial cells XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR."
sparser
"This preclinical evaluation of CYT387 for treatment of MM demonstrated that CYT387 was able to prevent IL-6-induced phosphorylation of STAT3 and greatly decrease IL-6- and insulin-like growth factor-1-induced phosphorylation of AKT and extracellular signal-regulated kinase in human myeloma cell lines (HMCL)."
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"Blocking of IL-6 receptor with siRNA in breast cancer cells and neutralization of secreted IL-6 by adipocytes with neutralising IL-6 antibody, decreased the STAT3 phosphorylation and nuclear localization with decreased proliferation, migration and invasion capabilities of both breast cancer cell after co-culture."
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"By contrast, IL-6 and the IL-27-related cytokines EBI3, IL-12, IL-23, IL-30, and IL-35 failed to trigger STAT1/3 signal transduction.Consistent results were obtained with the other two MM cell lines, MSTO and IST-MES1, of which only one (IST-MES1) also weakly responded to IL-6, whereas all cell lines phosphorylated STAT3 and to a lesser extent STAT1 in response to sIL-6R/IL-6 stimulation (Figure 1B)."
| PMC
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"Induction of STAT5 phosphorylation by interleukin 2 (IL-2) resulted in more binding of STAT5 and less binding of STAT3 at similar DNA sites, whereas phosphorylation of STAT3 by IL-6 induced the opposite; the combination of the two STATs resulted in dynamic regulation of the IL-17 gene locus by the opposing effects of IL-2 (STAT5) and IL-6 (STAT3)."
sparser
"Although IL-17–induced IL-6 expression (see xref ) was implicated in promoting cell growth, anti–IL-6 neutralizing antibody failed to block IL-17A–induced cell proliferation in primary keratinocytes ( xref ; xref ; xref ; xref ), whereas this antibody was able to inhibit IL-6–induced STAT3 phosphorylation in these cells ( xref )."
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"This data indicate that even though STAT3 phosphorylation in response to IL-6 is increased, endpoint gene expression activation fails in DM myocytes, possibly suggesting that the reduced SOCS3 activation and increased STAT3 activation is part of a compensatory mechanism for a reduced IL-6 signaling, i.e. an IL-6 resistance."
sparser
"IL-6-induced STAT3(Tyr705) phosphorylation was significantly enhanced in A549 cells transfected with siRNA specific for nm23-H1, and the effect of nm23-H1 depletion on IL-6-induced STAT3(Tyr705) phosphorylation was reversed by ectopic expression of shRNA-resistant nm23-H1 protein."
sparser
"Cpd3, Cpd30 and Cpd188 ( xref ) exhibited IC 50 values of 447, 30 and 20 μM, respectively, in the SPR assay and inhibited IL-6-stimulated STAT3 phosphorylation in HepG2 cells with IC 50 values of 91, 18 and 73 μM. Similarity screening of other compound databases revealed that Cpd3–7, Cpd3–12 and Cpd30–20 were capable of inhibiting phosphopeptide binding to STAT3, as well as IL-6-stimulated STAT3 phosphorylation."
sparser
"Ruxolitinib was demonstrated to inhibit HIV-1 virus replication in lymphocytes and
macrophages xref by suppressing a range of cytokines like IL-β,
IL-2, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-13, IL-15, and IFNG. xref − xref In peripheral blood mononuclear cells, it inhibits the phosphorylation
of STAT3 by IL-6 and the development of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. xref In animal studies, oral administration of ruxolitinib was found to be
involved in cytokine suppression."
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"IL-6 stimulates the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and the early transcriptional activation of angiogenesis relative genes, thereby leading to the enhanced angiogenesis and increased brain blood flow in the delayed phase after IS (Gertz et al., 2012)."
sparser
"IL-6 stimulates phosphorylation of STAT3 leading to dimerisation and translocation to the nucleus to activate gene transcription. xref Expression of p-STAT3 is higher in MPNST compared to neurofibromas or Schwannomas, and there was a strong correlation between prolonged survival and low expression of p-STAT3. xref These data support STAT3 as a target in MPNST to potentially slow the growth of the tumour."
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"In this context, recent reports on the newly identified role of IL-6 in epithelial cancer, such as breast and lung carcinomas, are intriguing in that IL-6 has been implicated in tumorigenesis via the IL-6 receptor-activation-mediated phosphorylation of STAT3 [XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR] and that release of IL-6 results in a positive feedback loop causing further IL-6 upregulation and secretion."
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"Considering that STAT3 binds to the Foxm1 gene promoter and that a STAT3 inhibitor was shown to reduce Foxm1 expression in a leukemic cell line , STAT3 phosphorylated by IL-6 signaling may transactivate Foxm1 gene expression in regenerating hepatocytes.Collectively, muscarinic signals from the vagal nerve may stimulate IL-6 production by hepatic macrophages, thereby activating the hepatocyte FoxM1 pathway in a paracrine manner."
sparser
"In particular, interleukin-6 (IL-6) or epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulate the phosphorylation of STAT3 protein by Janus kinase and activated STAT3 forms a homodimer that translocates to the nucleus where it regulates the expression of genes critical for normal cellular processes such as cell development, differentiation, proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, and immune function xref – xref ."
sparser
"In addition, we found that all of the protease inhibitors, except for indinavir, blocked interleukin-6 (IL-6)-stimulated phosphorylation of both signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT 3) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 in U266 and RPMI8226 MM cells."
sparser
"We now report that CDDO-Imidazolide, previously shown to be a potent agent for control of inflammation, cell proliferation, and apoptosis, rapidly (within 30-60 minutes) and potently (at nanomolar levels) suppresses either constitutive or interleukin-6-induced STAT3 and STAT5 phosphorylation in human myeloma and lung cancer cells."
rlimsp
"STAT3 phosphorylation by IL-6 promotes its nuclear translocation and DNA binding followed by the transactivation of genes involved in a number of cellular functions, including proliferation, differentiation, and survival (Catlett-Falcone et al., 1999; Heinrich et al., 2003; Oshiro et al., 2001; Puthier et al., 1999)."
sparser
"Western blot assay revealed that STAT3 phosphorylation induced by IL-6 was significantly higher in EYA2-deficient hepatocytes than control littermates at each time point, indicating EYA2 plays a role in negative regulation of IL-6-induced STAT3 activation (Additional file xref : Fig. S13)."
sparser
"CDDO-Me also inhibited constitutive phosphorylated STAT3 expression in E18-14C-27 and MDA-MB-468 cells (data not shown) or STAT3 phosphorylation induced by IL-6 in SK-BR-3 cells, but 268 had no effect on phosphorylated STAT3 expression in these ER-negative breast cancer cells ( xref )."
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"The results showed that exogenous IL-6 promoted mESCs proliferation and favored maintenances of pluripotency, evidenced by up-regulated mRNA expression of oncogenes (c-fos, c-jun) and stemness markers (oct4, nanog), down-regulated mRNA expression of germ layer genes (branchyury, FLK-1, pecam, ncam, sox17), and increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and STAT3."
sparser
"In MM, selective JAK1 inhibitor INCB052793 in combination with carfilzomib, bortezomib, dexamethasone or lenalidomide effectively reduced tumor volume in tumor-bearing mice [ xref ]; another novel and orally available JAK1/2 inhibitor, CYT387, was able to prevent IL-6-induced STAT3 phosphorylation and was synergized in killing myeloma cells with traditional therapies Melphalan and Bortezomib [ xref ]."
| PMC
sparser
"We demonstrate that pretreatment of these cells with adiponectin inhibits phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappaB inhibitor (IkappaB), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), induced by either lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha, as well as STAT3 phosphorylation induced by interleukin-6 (IL6)."
sparser
"Collectively, the lack of toxicity of plumbagin and its ability to suppress STAT3 activation, inhibit IL-6-induced STAT3 and JAK1 phosphorylation, downregulate the expression of cyclin D1, Bcl-xL and VEGF, inhibit cell proliferation, induce apoptosis, and potentiate the effect of bortezomib and thalidomide indicate the need for further preclinical studies preceding human trials."
sparser
"Moreover, specific immune modulators include anti-IL-6 and IL-1 receptor antagonists (tocilizumab, sarilumab, anakirna) and Janus kinase (JAK1/ JAK2) inhibitors, that determine a dose-dependent inhibition of IL-6-induced STAT3 phosphorylation (baricitinib) (20) (21) (22) (23) (24) (25) (26) ."
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"Results: Preincubation of rat hepatocytes or NTCP-HepG2 cells with glycochenodeoxycholate (GCDC) or Taurolithocholic acid-3 sulfate (TLCS) inhibited phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) on Tyrosin 705 by IL-6 (10 ng/ml) in a time and concentration dependent way."
| PMC
sparser
"Moreover, NFV disrupted STAT3 signaling; protease inhibitors blocked interleukin-6-induced phosphorylation of STAT3 and inhibited STAT3 DNA binding activity in LNCaP and DU145 cells, as measured by western blot analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively."
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"These results suggest that IL-6 promotes phosphorylation and homodimerization of STAT3, thereby upregulating FoxM1-related genes in hepatocytes.Finally, to examine the significance of IL-6 in activation of the hepatic STAT3–FoxM1 pathway in vivo, we blocked IL-6 signaling by administering anti-IL-6 antibody, followed by PHx surgery."
rlimsp
"Monocyte NF-κB phosphorylation following tumour necrosis factor (TNF) or bacterial stimulation was higher in preterm neonates than in full-term neonates or adults, p38 phosphorylation following bacterial stimulation was higher in both preterm and full-term neonates than in adults, while STAT1 phosphorylation by IFN-γ or IL-6, STAT3 phosphorylation by IL-6 and STAT5 phosphorylation by GM-CSF were lower in both full-term and preterm neonates than in adults."
sparser
"Consistently, we found that the selective inhibition of class 1 PI3K activity, impaired CD28 unique signaling leading to RelA nuclear translocation and NF-κB transcriptional activity as well as IL-6 expression and IL-6-dependent STAT3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation ( xref )."
sparser
"As shown in xref , IL6 induced strong phosphorylation of STAT3 in three of four M/MS cell lines (SUM159, MDA-MB-231, and BT549), and STAT3 phosphorylation was abolished in PYK2-depleted but not in PKCα-depleted cells, suggesting that PYK2 is essential for IL6-induced phosphorylation of STAT3."
rlimsp
"IL-6 expression and phosphorylation of STAT3, which provides protection against anoikis, were inhibited and levels of downstream signaling proteins, including Bcl-XL and Bcl-2, were decreased, while Bax expression, mitochondrial cytochrome c release, and caspase-3 activity were increased."
reach
"IL-6 is known to regulate the phosphorylation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) during LPS/TLR4-driven inflammation.23 To further examine whether punicalagin affects STAT3 activation by LPS-induced BV2 cells, cells were pre-treated with various doses of punicalagin (0 to 100 μM) for 30 min following 1 μg/mL LPS treatment for 2 h."
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"CDDO-Me also inhibited constitutive phosphorylated STAT3 expression in E18-14C-27 and MDA-MB-468 cells (data not shown) or STAT3 phosphorylation induced by IL-6 in SK-BR-3 cells, but 268 had no effect on phosphorylated STAT3 expression in these ER negative breast cancer cells (XREF_FIG)."
sparser
"Moreover, Wang et al. [34] reported that triptolide treatment inhibited Th17 differentiation and IL-17 expression by downregulating IL-6-induced signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation, which is a cytokine-activated key regulator in signaling molecules involved in Th17 development."
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"Furthermore, XPF exerted some anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the interleukin-6 (IL-6) induced phosphorylation of janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), ultimately downregulating hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) activation."
sparser
"Baricitinib, a potent and selective JAK inhibitor approved for rheumatoid arthritis and myelofibrosis, concentration-dependently suppresses the production of type-I IFN by dendritic cells, and inhibits the production of IL-6 from B cells and also the IL-6-induced phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT3 [ xref ]."
| PMC
sparser
"PTPRD expression was upregulated by IL-6 in breast cancer cells, thereby establishing a negative feedback circuit by which IL-6 induced canonical STAT3 phosphorylation and transiently upregulated PTPRD, which in turn dephosphorylated STAT3 and prevented downstream signaling via the IL-6/STAT3 cascade."
sparser
"STAT3 phosphorylation by IL-6 promotes its nuclear translocation and DNA binding followed by the transactivation of genes involved in a number of cellular functions, including proliferation, differentiation, and survival (Catlett-Falcone et al., 1999; Heinrich et al., 2003; Oshiro et al., 2001; Puthier et al., 1999)."
sparser
"Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition is a process by which epithelial cells acquire the characteristics of mesenchymal cells. xref Our group has proposed that EMT is an important pathway to VM formation. xref , xref One study reported that STAT3 binds to the promoter of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α (HIF-1α), indicating that p-STAT3 activation could regulate hypoxia-induced EMT. xref Another group of researchers came to a similar conclusion as ours that IL-6 induces STAT3 phosphorylation and further causes EMT changes in cancer cells. xref "
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"Binding of IL-6 to specific receptor complexes induces Stat3 phosphorylation and promotes FoxO1 expression, further leading to increased FasL expression [XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR] To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first experimental study to report the relationship between DM and oligospermia."