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"In addition, this calcium induced KCNQ2 current suppression was prevented by co-expression of a dominant negative CaM, CaM (4DA), which contains alanine mutations in all four EF hand motifs, as reported by Gamper et al.."

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"Coexpression of Ca 2+ -insensitive CaM modestly reduces enrichment of HA-KCNQ3 and KCNQ2 channels at the axonal surface."

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"In small cultured DRG neurons, bradykinin (via the B R receptor) increases intracellular Ca , which inhibits M-currents (Liu et al., 2010); in vitro study using CHO cells specifically shows intracellular Ca only inhibits Kv7.2, Kv7.4, and Kv7.5 subunits (Gamper and Shapiro, 2005)."

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"These results suggest that an increase in intracellular calcium suppresses KCNQ2 current by reducing PIP2 affinity due to the change in CaM-KCNQ2 configuration."

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"We also demonstrate that elevation of intracellular calcium reduced KCNQ2 affinity toward PIP2, as evaluated by a voltage sensitive PIP2 depleting phosphatase, Ci-VSP XREF_BIBR."