IndraLab
Statements
"Insulin and IGF-I initiate the biological effects in target cells by binding to and activating its endogenous tyrosine kinase receptors [23,24]. These receptors are believed to transduce signals by phosphorylation on tyrosine residues of several cellular substrates including IRS proteins (IRS-1,-2,- 3 and –4) [25-28]."
"Accordingly, under the cellular context of the elevated expression of IL- 6Ra on myeloma cells, it is assumed that IL-6Ra molecules are located close to IGF-I receptors at lipid rafts, and IL-6 stimulation triggers the complex formation of IL-6Ra not only with gp130 but also with IGF-I receptors, leading to autophosphorylation of IGF-I receptor b and subsequent acti- vation of PI-3 kinase-Akt pathways (Fig. 4) 79 ."