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Hydroxychloroquine inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection. 43 / 43
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"In vitro studies by Liu et al. had already demonstrated that two drugs , chloroquine ( CQ ) and hydroxychloroquine ( HCQ ) efficiently inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro and these findings were also supported by preliminary clinical studies [ 6 ] [ 7 ] [ 8] [ 9 ] ."
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"In another study Yao et al. demonstrated that HCQ ( 26 ) was more potent than CQ ( 20 ) to inhibit in vitro SARS-CoV-2 infection ( EC50 0.72 vs 5.47 muM ) ."
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"Recently , Boulware et al. [ 9 ] reported the results of a randomised trial testing HCQ as post-exposure prophylaxis for COVID-19 and concluded that HCQ did not prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection when used as post-exposure prophylaxis within 4 days after exposure ."
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"HCQ showed good antimalarial activity and recently has been found to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro ( Cell Discovery 2020 , 6 , 16 ) ."
| PMC
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"In vitro studies by Liu et al. had already demonstrated that two drugs , chloroquine ( CQ ) and hydroxychloroquine ( HCQ ) efficiently inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro and these findings were also supported by preliminary clinical studies [ 6 ] [ 7 ] [ 8] [ 9 ] ."
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"In recent cell culture studies , both CQ and HCQ also efficiently reduces SARS-CoV-2 infection ( Liu et al.2020a ) ."
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"Both chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine were demonstrated in cell culture experiments to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection [ 11 , 49 , 50 ] ; however , they have failed to demonstrate their benefits in clinical trials , leading to a dissuasion from the application [ 1 ] ."
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"Very recently , it has been proposed that both CQ and HCQ could inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection through their ability to bind to sialic acids linked to host cell surface gangliosides , thereby preventing interaction between these co-receptors and the S protein [ 56 ] ."
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"At the beginning of the pandemic , CQ and HCQ were used to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection by some people ."
| PMC
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"HCQ restricts SARS-CoV-2 infection by increasing endosomal pH that disrupts SARS-CoV-2 envelope fusion ( requires acidic pH ) with endosome membrane phospholipids and subsequent release of its sRNA genome ."
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"This finding has been consistently replicated in the PEP CoV2 Study , which showed that HCQ could not prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection ( ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier : NCT04304053 , https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04304053 ) ."
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"However , whether HCQ is able to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection as pre-exposure prophylaxis remained uncertain ."
| PMC
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"Likewise , HCQ inhibited in vitro SARS-CoV-2 infection , suggesting that this drug , also due to its anti-inflammatory function , has a good potential to combat the disease with less toxic effects compared to CQ ( 102 , 103 ) ."
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"Hence , we cautiously concluded that chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine prevented SARS-CoV-2 infection by inhibition of Mpro in addition to the well-known mechanism of abrogation of viral endocytosis ."
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"In conclusion , our results show that HCQ can efficiently inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro ."
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"For example , reports have been emerging in the scientific literature1 ,2 that chloroquine ( CQ ) and hydroxychloroquine ( HCQ ) - vintage drugs to treat malaria as well as some autoimmune diseases - seem to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro by slowing down entry of viruses into the cell and by blocking their transport from early endosomes to endolysosomes ,2,3 causing noticeable enlargement of the former and affecting the pH levels4 within the endolysosomal tract ."
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"Meaning Among hospital-based health care workers , daily hydroxychloroquine did not prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection , although the trial was terminated early and may have been underpowered to detect a clinically important difference ."
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"Hydroxychloroquine 4 ( HCQ ) , an antimalarial and anti-inflammatory drug , has been shown to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 5 infection in vitro and tested in clinical studies ."
| DOI
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"Hydroxychloroquine ( HCQ ) , an antimalarial and anti-inflammatory drug , has been shown to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro and tested in clinical studies ."
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"It has been reported that both chloroquine and HCQ were able to suppress SARS-CoV-2 infection in an in vitro experiment ."
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"HCQ and CQ have been shown to suppress SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro , with HCQ being more potent than CQ [ 135 ] ."
| PMC
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"In cell culture experiments , hydroxychloroquine has been demonstrated to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro [ 22 , 29 , 32 ] ."
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"There is also preclinical evidence that CQ , as well as HCQ , might inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection by binding with high affinity to some cellular links ( namely sialic acids and gangliosides ) , by inhibition of glycosylation of host receptors , proteolytic processing , and endosomal acidification , thus blocking virus entry [ 63 ] ."
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"The study of Liu and the team suggested that hydroxychloroquine lessen the SARS-CoV-2 infection and safer than chloroquine ."
| PMC
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"However , recent studies in cynomolgus macaques have demonstrated that hydroxychloroquine was not able to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection [ 12 ] ."
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"Recently , Liu and coworkers showed that HCQ also inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro [ 47 ] ."
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"Therefore , we speculate that HCQ may not be used to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and asymptomatic when virus is replicating , may only be effective for patients with mild symptoms , but not for severe cases with inflammatory cytokine storm and multiple organ damage ."
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"Neither cyclosporine nor hydroxychloroquine reduced SARS-CoV-2 infection in the tracheobronchial lung model ( 10muM , Fig. 7a , bottom two rows , Fig. 7c , Supplemental Fig. 5a , 5c ) ."
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"Hydroxychloroquine should not be used to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection after exposure to a close contact with infection ."
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"11 Similarly , another in vitro study also found that HCQ can efficiently inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection via the same routes ."
| PMC
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"We also demonstrated that the drugs , 4 hydroxychloroquine ( HQ ; 10 muM ) , a known endosomal acidification inhibitor , as well as 5 interferon ( IFN ) - beta , IFN-alpha , and EIDD-2801 ( Molnupiravir ) , effectively blocked SARS-CoV-2 6 infection ( Liu et al ., 2020 ) ( Figure S1C ) ."
| PMC
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"In addition , recent study has shown that hydroxychloroquine , an anti-malarial drug , significantly abolished SARS-CoV-2 infection [ 77 ] ."
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"Furthermore , new research has proposed that HCQ may prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection by inhibiting its binding with ganglioside ( Fantini et al. 2020 ) ."
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"Hydroxychloroquine ( HCQ ) , an antimalarial and anti-inflammatory drug , has been shown to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro and tested in clinical studies ."
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"43 388 389 In the early in vitro studies , chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine were found to inhibit 390 SARS-CoV-2 infection efficiently , 40 , 44 and several clinical trials have been quickly conducted in 391 China to evaluate the efficacy and safety of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine ."
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"Trials evaluating hydroxychloroquine / chloroquine , the most speculated drugs in the earlier months of pandemic , have produced results showing that hydroxychloroquine did not prevent new COVID-19 disease or SARS-CoV-2 infection when used as prophylaxis in high-risk people ( Abella et al ., 2020 , Boulware et al ., 2020 ) neither reduce symptoms severity as early treatment in mild outpatients ( Skipper et al ., 2020 ) and mild-to-moderate patients ( Cavalcanti et al ., 2020 ) ."
| PMC
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"Moreover , its derivative , hydroxychloroquine , was found to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro ."
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"Also , micro-CT-derived biomarkers showed no difference in lung 356 pathology between untreated and treated sentinel hamsters ( Fig. 3G ) , further confirming that 357 hydroxychloroquine and favipiravir failed to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection in a transmission 358 model ."
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"It was reported that both chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine could inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro by blocking the entry stage and post-entry stages of virus invasion [ 12 ] ."
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"For example , reports have been emerging in the scientific literature1 ,2 that chloroquine ( CQ ) and hydroxychloroquine ( HCQ ) - vintage drugs to treat malaria as well as some autoimmune diseases - seem to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro by slowing down entry of viruses into the cell and by blocking their transport from early endosomes to endolysosomes ,2,3 causing noticeable enlargement of the former and affecting the pH levels4 within the endolysosomal tract ."
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"Recently , hydroxychloroquine was found to efficiently inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro through an anti-inflammatory mechanism ( 48 ) ."
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"The results from a phase III trial ( NCT04308668 ) in high-risk people showed that hydroxychloroquine did not prevent COVID-19 disease or SARS-CoV-2 infection when used as prophylaxis or early treatment ( Boulware et al ., 2020 , Lofgren et al ., 2020 , Skipper et al ., 2020 ) ."
| PMC
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"Recently CQ and HCQ were shown to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro in Vero E6 cells ( Liu et al ., 2020 ; Wang et al ., 2020 ) ."
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