IndraLab

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"However, some previously used anti-viral drugs (against SARS and MERS) were screened by investigators, but only plant based Hydroxychloroquine and synthetic Remidesvir were reported to suppress the proliferation of SARS-CoV-2 in cell based in-vitro assay [40]."

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"Therefore, we hypothesized that ART might have the same excellent effects as HCQ in alleviating kidney injury and reducing proteinuria by inhibiting the activation and proliferation of B cells, inhibiting the generation of Gd-IgA1, and inhibiting inflammatory cytokines.However, although a large amount of experimental evidence has been accumulated, there is still a lack of randomized controlled clinical trials to verify the potential effect of ART in the treatment of IgA nephropathy."

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"A study suggested that treatment with bortezomib and hydroxychloroquine prevents the pro-angiogenic effect of bortezomib, the proliferation of a small residual tumor PC clone, and thus the relapse.8A myeloma microenvironment can enhance myeloma cell growth and survival and contribute to drug resistance."

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"These findings support the idea that inhibition of autophagy attenuates HSC activation because other autophagy inhibitors, including 3-methyladenine (3-MA), bafilomycin and hydroxychloroquine each sim[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

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"As the majority of previous studies focused on the innate immunity, only a few in vitro studies showed that HCQ could reduce the activation, proliferation and differentiation of T cells (11–13)."

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"LEF alone dose-dependently inhibited proliferation of T and B cells, production of cytokines CXCL13, IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma and production of IgG and IgM.3.2 Suboptimal concentrations of the HCQ and LEF combination additively inhibit T cell proliferation, B cell proliferation and CXCL13 production (in pSS patients) and inhibit IFN-alpha and immunoglobulinsNext, we investigated the effects of the combination of csDMARDs in this culture system."

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"HCQ could inhibit CD4+T cell proliferation at 40 and 60 µM (Figures 3D, E)."

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"We next investigated whether HCQ preadministration suppressed PTEC proliferation via arresting cell cycle progression."
| PMC

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"Importantly, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), a well-established inhibitor of autophagy, significantly suppressed HCC proliferation and recurrence induced by IRFA (Zhao et al., 2018)."

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"To understand how HCQ or BC001 inhibits proliferation and promotes cell death in BGC823 cells, we treated BGC823 cells with 5 µg/ml HCQ or 20 µg/ml BC001 for 48 h and performed global profiling of the transcriptome of HCQ or BC001-treated cells via RNA-Seq to identify the candidate genes."

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"These results suggest that HCQ can inhibit the proliferation of bile duct cancer cells and induce apoptosis by inhibiting the accumulation of ROS induced by autophagy."

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"RAPA and HCQ inhibited the proliferation of RPMI8226 in a concentration- and time dependent manner, and increased the apoptosis."

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"Rapamycin can inhibit the proliferation, induce apoptosis and autophagy of RPMI 8226, the hydroxychloroquine can inhibit autophagy and proliferation of RPMI 8226, and induce apoptosis, the 3-MA can inhibit autophagy of RPMI 8226, but hardly has any effects on proliferation and apoptosis of RPMI 8226 cells."

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"Moreover, HCQ blocks T-cell and monocyte proliferation, inhibits TLR signaling, and downregulates cytokine production including TNF-alpha, IL-17, IL-6, IFNalpha, and IFNgamma [XREF_BIBR]."

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"In experiments with rodents and PBMC isolated from SLE and HIV patients, HCQ attenuated Th17 differentiation, proliferation, and production of IL-17 while promoting the immunosuppressive effect of Tregs (Piconi et al., 2011; An et al., 2017; Yang et al., 2018; Kowatsch et al., 2023)."

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"Interestingly, HCQ treatment substantially decreases the viability, proliferation, and migration potential of PCa cells in the bone microenvironment."

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"Glucose metabolism suppressed by blocking GLUT1, CG-5, WZB117 and autophagy inhibitor hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) preclinically improved gemcitabine sensitivity and blocked PanCa cell proliferation (Table 1)[77]."

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"A study conducted by Lernia et al demonstrated that the combination of bortezomib and hydroxychloroquine with anti-angiogenic drugs effectively suppresses the proliferation of residual tumor PC clones by neutralizing the pro-angiogenic impact of bortezomib, consequently impeding relapse."

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"Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine inhibit IL-2 production and then T cell proliferation and differentiation."

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"Inhibition of proliferation, cytokine and immunoglobulin production by HCQ and LEF in HC and pSS-patients."

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"Moreover, pharmacological activator of autophagy RAP treatment significantly decreased cell proliferation and enhanced cell apoptosis compared with shPHLPP transfection alone in U266 cells (Figure 5A and B); the autophagy inhibitor hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) treatment dramatically promoted cell proliferation and reduced cell apoptosis compared with PHLPP transfection alone in U266-R cells (Figure 5C and D)."

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"Recently, a study reported that IRFA can induce autophagy, leading to residual HCC cell proliferation, which could be inhibited by hydroxychloroquine, which characteristically acts as a kind of autophagy inhibitor (22)."

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"Moreover, HCQ inhibits T cell activation, proliferation, and cytokine production by inhibiting intracellular calcium and mobilization and subsequent NFAT signalling [XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR] and apoptosis in CD45RO+ memory and effector T cells by inhibiting autophagy [XREF_BIBR]."

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"HCQ preadministration suppressed the proliferation of PTECs by arresting cells in G1/S phase and upregulated the expression of cell cycle inhibitors."
| PMC

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"Interestingly, the multilayered proliferation of fibroblastic/spindle cells on tibial trabecular surfaces in mice treated with multiple daily doses of PTH was prevented by 156 mM/kg HCQ and 31.25 mM/kg HABP-HCQ, and the mice had only a single layer of osteoblastic cells on trabecular surfaces (Fig. 3C)."

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"Hydroxychloroquine, also an autophagy inhibitor, reduced the metabolic activity and suppressed cell proliferation of human fibroblasts XREF_BIBR)."

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"We have demonstrated that HCQ causes a dose dependent reduction of the cytotoxicity, proliferation, and TNF alpha production resulting from allorecognition in mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC)."

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"Aspirin inhibits the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of residual VX2 tumors through an anti-inflammatory effect.141 RFA and the antimalarials, chloroquine (CQ)/hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), inhibit the autophagy, proliferation, and stemness of tumor cells and promote their apoptosis.142, 143, 144 This effect can be enhanced by combining CQ and c-Met inhibitors.48 Metformin reduces the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCC cells,145 and the expression of stem cell markers.46 All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) eliminates tumor-initiating cells through the PI3K/AKT pathway."

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"The patient 's cultured fibroblasts were incubated with selected drugs , and cell proliferation was inhibited by hydroxychloroquine ."

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"Additionally, HCQ can inhibit the proliferation of T cells and B cells, leading to reduced production of T follicular helper (Tfh)-related cytokines CXCL13, type I and type II interferons, and immunoglobulins [13]."

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"HCQ interferes with antigen processing and presentation 14, decreases production of IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-alpha XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR, and decreases proliferation and cytotoxicity resulting from allorecognition."

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"Since at this concentration no inhibition of T cell proliferation, CXCL13, IFNgamma or IFNalpha production was observed HCQ seems to target B cells independent of these processes.We demonstrate that both LEF and HCQ inhibit T and B cell proliferation and production of CXCL13, IFN-alpha, IFN-gamma and immunoglobulins IgG and IgM, all of which are important contributors to pSS pathology, albeit with different potencies."

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"The results showed that CQ and HCQ inhibited the proliferation of multiple human bladder cell lines (including RT4, 5637, and T24) in a time- and dose dependent fashion, especially in advanced bladder cancer cell lines (5637 and T24) compared to immortalized uroepithelial cells (SV-Huc-1) or other reference cancer cell lines (PC3 and MCF-7)."

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"Since HCQ inhibits the proliferation of T cells, it may not bring good news for COVID-19 patients who are in the ICU."

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"HCQ inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis and cycle arrest in vitro by increasing ROS accumulation, which was involved in autophagy inhibition."

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"In a recent study, HCC cells were treated with a combined treatment of HCQ and sorafenib, which reduced tumor growth, cellular proliferation, migration, and invasiveness by suppressing autophagy and regulating apoptosis, overcoming drug resistance."

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"In brief, long-term HCQ treatment aggravated PTEC apoptosis and suppressed PTEC proliferation by promoting G1/S cycle arrest, resulting in delayed renal recovery from AKI [37]."
| PMC

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"The results demonstrated that CQ and HCQ inhibit cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in VSMCs via the AMPK dependent signaling pathway."

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"Our results showed that HCQ treatment suppressed breast cancer cell proliferation and migration in especially SUM-190 cells, which was most sensitive."

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"In addition, HCQ inhibited growth of cholangiocarcinoma cell line xenograft tumors.Conclusion: HCQ could inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in cholangiocarcinoma by triggering ROS accumulation via autophagy inhibition, which makes HCQ a potential antitumor drug candidate for cholangiocarcinoma treatment."

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"HCQ mainly increased apoptosis (cCasp3), while BYL719 reduced the proliferation (Ki-67) of MCF7 tumors in vivo (Fig. 7H–K)."

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"Rapamycin can inhibit the proliferation associated with induction of apoptosis and autophagy, whereas HCQ can inhibit autophagy and proliferation of RPMI 8226 and induce apoptosis."

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"Therefore, promoting senescence and impairing the autophagy-lysosomal pathway may be an important mechanism by which HCQ increases apoptosis and suppresses proliferation in PTECs when AKI is complicated by LN."
| PMC

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"HCQ inhibits SiHa cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis."

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"Previously, Ramser et al found that HCQ significantly reduces the metabolic activity and suppresses the cell proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts."

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"It was also reported that HCQ effectively inhibited the proliferation of fibroblasts, suppressed metabolic activities in fibrotic skin diseases and inhibited extracellular signalling regulated kinase ERK1/2 activation in human dermal fibroblasts 7."

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"Figure 3: Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) suppresses the differentiation and proliferation of T cells."

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"In myeloma PCs, although bortezomib and HCQ alone inhibited proliferation compared to control cells (53.7 ± 7.06% and 35.54 ± 3.63% respectively), combination treatment caused a much stronger inhibition compared with control cells and with treatment with HCQ alone (up to 82.53 ± 6.34%; p = 0.0004; Figure 6A)."

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"In this issue, Ramser et al. show that HCQ inhibits proliferation of HDFs and induces autophagy."

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"HCQ (40 and 60 µM) inhibited the proliferation of CD4+T cells obviously with statistical difference (N=5)."

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"It is not clear whether this is related to the fact that anti-malarial drugs, such as hydroxychloroquine, have been used as a secondary treatment for RA for many years 22, and it has been suggested that hydroxychloroquine interferes with Toll like receptor signaling 23 to reduce immune cell activation and proliferation, although its exact mechanism of action in ameliorating RA is still not well understood."

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"(a) : T cell proliferation is additively inhibited by HCQ and LEF both in HC and in pSS patients."

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"The cell viability assay further confirmed that HCQ can significantly decrease cell proliferation."

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"HCQ preadministration suppressed the proliferation of PTECs by arresting cells in G1/S phase and upregulated the expression of cell cycle inhibitors."

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"To the best of our knowledge, the current study provides the first evidence that HCQ inhibits the autophagy of cervical cancer SiHa cells and then prevents their proliferation by promoting apoptosis."

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"HCQ triggers apoptosis and suppresses cell proliferation."

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"Likewise, the proliferation of Plasmodium falciparum isolates grown in human erythrocytes was inhibited with identical IC values by R(-)HCQ and S(+)HCQ (Warhurst et al., 2003)."

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"Chloroquine and its less toxic derivative, hydroxychloroquine, are known to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 proliferation through various pathways (XREF_FIG)."

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"These results indicate that CQ or HCQ inhibit TGF-beta1-induced VSMCs proliferation via Smad3 and AMPK pathways."

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"Unfortunately, HCQ inhibits the proliferation of T cells which is not good for severe COVID-19 cases who suffer from acute respiratory problems [106] ."

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"The patient's cultured fibroblasts were incubated with selected drugs, and cell proliferation was inhibited by hydroxychloroquine."

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"The number of cell colonies that survived due to long-term treatment with HCQ or Torin-1 was examined by Image J software and demonstrated that HCQ inhibits HCC proliferation and inhibits HCC growth in long-term cultures, whereas Torin 1 treatment promotes HCC survival."

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"These results show that CQ and HCQ inhibited carotid artery ligation induced VSMC proliferation."

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"Thus, it was confirmed that RA can induce the apoptosis and autophagy of GC cells by activating the P38 MAPK signaling pathway.3.8 HCQ downregulates autophagy and inhibits proliferation of GC cells in conjunction with RA."

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"For instance, HCQ and CQ reduced the proliferation of cells from human bladder cancer in a dose and time-dependent manner [54]."

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"Since chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) can inhibit the invasion and proliferation of SARS-CoV-2 in cultured cells, the repurposing of these antimalarial drugs was considered a promising strategy for treatment and prevention of COVID-19."

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"In conclusion, we found that CQ and HCQ activated AMPK and inhibited PDGF induced VSMC proliferation."

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"By decreasing miR-21 expression, HCQ may contribute to decreased mesangial cell proliferation and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration through decreased production of IL-6."

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"In addition, the results from RTCA data showed that BC001 (20 µg/ml) or HCQ (5 µg/ml) alone could decrease the cell index; the cell index of cells treated by HCQ and BC001 combined was the lowest, indicating that BC001 and HCQ could inhibit BCG823 proliferation."

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"In vitro, HCQ inhibited Th17 cell proliferation and differentiation, as well as IL-17 production."

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"Thus, it has been demonstrated that hydroxychloroquine inhibits the cytotoxicity, proliferation and TNFalpha production resulting from allo-recognition."