IndraLab
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"For instance, CYLD negatively regulates NFkappaB activation and is involved in other immune response mechanisms.39 When TSGs such as CYLD are down-regulated, excessive inflammation occurs and tumorigenic factors can be promoted.40 Conversely, TSGs that were up-regulated were more likely to be involved in cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, and cell growth, possibly as a response to cell stress in early stages of tumorigenesis."
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"The tumor suppressor gene CYLD, which was recently identified as the cylindromatosis gene, has a deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) activity and inhibits activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB, which has key roles in inflammation, immune responses, carcinogenesis, and protection against apoptosis [XREF_BIBR]."
eidos
"As a mechanism of this tumor suppressor activity , we found that a moderate increase in CYLD expression levels reduced NF-kappaB activation , which favored the differentiation of tumor epidermal cells and inhibited its proliferation ; moreover , it decreased tumor angiogenesis and inflammation ."
eidos
"Emerging evidence suggests that CYLD primarily downregulates NF-kappaB signaling by deubiquitinating NF-kappaB essential modulator ( NEMO ) and several upstream regulators like TNF receptor-associated factors 2 and 6 ( TRAF2 and TRAF6 ) and TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 ( Tak1 ) [ 23-25 ] ."
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"The deubiquitinating enzyme CYLD negatively regulates canonical NFkappaB signaling, and loss of CYLD in testicular cells leads to constitutive activation of canonical NFkappaB signaling and aberrant expression of anti-apoptotic factors, including Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, c-IAP1 and c-IAP2, in different stages of testicular cells [XREF_BIBR]."
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"Because NF-kappaB has been proven to play critical roles in the regulation of NK cell activity and cytokine production XREF_BIBR XREF_BIBR XREF_BIBR XREF_BIBR, we hypothesized that miR-362-5p might inhibit CYLD expression to induce downstream NF-kappaB signaling, thereby regulating NK cell function."
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"CYLD, another DUB, is reported to limit NF-kappaB activation by removing K63- and M1 linked poly-ubiquitin chains on several complex I components (including TRAF2, NEMO and RIPK1), thereby disrupting the ubiquitin scaffold required for the recruitment and activation of the TAB2/3-TAK 1 and NEMO-IKKalpha-IKKbeta complexes [XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR - XREF_BIBR]."
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"Importantly, CYLD silencing resulted in heightened NF-kappaB activation under normoxic conditions to a degree that approximated that of the hypoxia induced NF-kappaB activation in control siRNA treated cells (XREF_FIG), suggesting that abrogation of CYLD expression in HPV positive cells is sufficient to recapitulate prolonged hypoxia induced NF-kappaB activation."
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"Previous studies report that CYLD negatively regulates NF-kappaB signaling by removing K63- and M1 linked polyubiquitin chains from key signaling molecules, including NF-kappaB essential modulator, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-associated factor (TRAF) 2, TRAF6, and Receptor interacting serine/threonine protein kinase 1, in familial cylindromatosis tumors."
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"Formation of the secondary, receptor-free cytoplasmic complex II is largely dependent on the activity of DUBs, specifically cylindromatosis (CYLD), A20 (also known as TNFAIP3) and ubiquitin thioesterase OTULIN, which destabilize complex I, abrogate NF-kappaB activation and release RIPK1 from complex I, which then forms the cytosolic complex II XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR."
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"T cell co-stimulation with a 4-1BB agonist antibody triggers K63 ubiquitination of 4-1BB-associated TRAF2, which is crucial for NF-κB activation and induction of antitumor immunity. xref Conversely, the 4-1BB signaling is negatively regulated by two DUBs, CYLD and A20, which physically associate with the 4-1BB/TRAF2 complex. xref Overexpression of either CYLD or A20 inhibits NF-κB activation by the 4-1BB agonist antibody, whereas silencing these DUBs enhances NF-κB activation mediated by 4-1BB costimulation in human CD8 T cells. xref The role of K63 ubiquitination in 4-1BB-mediated CD8 T cell costimulation is further supported by the finding that CD8 effector and memory T cells expressing a dominant-negative mutant of the E3 ligase cIAP2 (cIAP2 H570A ) have attenuated 4-1BB signaling and impaired survival, demonstrated using a viral infection model. xref "
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"Studies found that miR-362-5p reduces the expression of tumor suppressor protein CYLD, which leads to activate the NF-kB pathway to promote the proliferation, migration, and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells and human breast cancer cells (Ni et al., 2015; Ni et al., 2016)."
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"The mechanism of Notch induced NF-kappaB activation in T-ALL involves Hes1, which transcriptionally represses CYLD (cylindromatosis), a deubiquitinase which down-regulates NF-kappaB signaling by removing the activator K63 ubiquitin chains from different elements of the NF-kappaB signalosome [XREF_BIBR]."
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"As a mechanism of this tumor suppressor activity, we found that a moderate increase in CYLD expression levels reduced NF-kappaB activation, which favored the differentiation of tumor epidermal cells and inhibited its proliferation; moreover, it decreased tumor angiogenesis and inflammation."
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"The deubiquitinating enzyme CYLD cleaves K63 linked polyubiquitin chains from specific substrates, including tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factors (TRAF)-2, TRAF6, transforming growth factor beta activated kinase 1 (TAK1), B cell lymphoma 3 (BCL3), STAT3, nuclear factor kappa B essential modulator (NEMO), and retinoic acid inducible gene 1 (RIG-1), and negatively regulates the activation of NF-kappaB, MAPKs, and type I IFN production."
eidos
"Similarly , de-ubiquitinating enzyme cylindromatosis ( CYLD ) inhibits NF-kappaB signaling via de-ubiquitination and inactivation of TNFR-associated factor 2 ( TRAF2 ) and TRAF6 [ 18,19 ] ; de-ubiquitinating protease A20 inhibits NF-kappaB activation induced by Toll-like receptor 4 ( TLR4 ) via removing K63-linked polyubiquitin chains of TRAF6 [ 20 ] ."
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"XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR In support of the role of CYLD and A20 in NF-kappaB regulation, recent genetic evidence and the mutation analysis show that knockout of CYLD in mice or mutations on CYLD and A20 genes in patients causes the hyperactivation of NF-kappaB resulting in tumor susceptibility or tumor formation."
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"CYLD negatively regulates NF-kappaB activation by removing lysine 63 linked ubiquitin chains from TRAF2/6, NEMO and BCL3, and loss of CYLD leads to hyper-activation of NF-kappaB signalling and an increased susceptibility to cutaneous tumour formation in mouse knockout models [XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR]."
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"Similarly, de-ubiquitinating enzyme cylindromatosis (CYLD) inhibits NF-kappaB signaling via de-ubiquitination and inactivation of TNFR associated factor 2 (TRAF2) and TRAF6 [XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR]; de-ubiquitinating protease A20 inhibits NF-kappaB activation induced by Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) via removing K63 linked polyubiquitin chains of TRAF6 [XREF_BIBR]."
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"The MALT1 (mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation 1) subunit is the active signaling component of the CBM complex and features protease activity that cleaves and inactivates inhibitors of the NF-kappaB signaling pathway such as TNFAIP3 and A20, CYLD, and RELB or the BCL10 protein, indirectly activating NF-kappaB signaling."