IndraLab

Statements


| 47

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"PIP3 levels are reversed by PTEN, which is a tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog, negatively regulating the PI3K and AKT pathway [XREF_BIBR]."

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"PIP3 levels are antagonized by the regulatory phosphatases PTEN that converts PI (3,4,5) P 3 back to PI (4,5) P 2, and SH2 domain containing inositol 5 '-phosphatase 1 (SHIP) that converts PI (3,4,5) P 3 to PI (3,4) 2."
| PMC

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"PTEN prevents elevated levels of PIP3 by dephosphorylating its 3 ' position."

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"PTEN activity to prevent elevated levels of PIP3 and tumorigenesis depends on its interaction with the lipid bilayer."

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"In particular, PTEN activity may drive lens cells toward apoptosis by exacerbating the presumably decreased PIP3 levels in FGFR deficient lens cells, which indirectly prevents the activation of AKT."

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"PTEN may play a role in the oncogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma, and PTEN may down-regulate the expression of PIP3, and then down-regulate the expression of cyclin D1, which leads to the suppression of cell growth."

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"6 Specifically, loss of PTEN function would increase cellular levels of PIP3, thereby enhancing the activation of Akt."

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"PTEN dephosphorylates PIP3, reducing PIP3 levels within the cell."

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"Lipid quantitation showed that VEGFA stimulation indeed caused dramatic reduction of PIP2 and PIP3 in CDS2 deficient endothelium, and PTEN knockdown rescued the level of PIP3, but not PIP2, in CDS2 deficient endothelium under VEGFA stimulation."

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"Thus, PTEN lowers the levels of the PI3K product PIP3 within the cells and antagonizes PI3K mediated cellular signaling."

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"Furthermore, it is shown that PTEN negatively regulated PIP3 levels of the growth cone and mediated chemorepulsion but not chemoattraction [272]."

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"However, PTEN functions primarily as a lipid phosphatase that lowers the levels of the PI 3 K product PIP3 within the cells and antagonizes PI 3 K mediated cellular signaling [XREF_BIBR]."

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"PTEN negatively regulates the intracellular level of PIP3, functions as a tumor suppressor by negatively regulating the AKT signaling pathway, and is involved in the regulation of growth and apoptosis in various cancers."

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"Reconstitution of wild-type PTEN decreased PIP3 levels to those of controls; however, expression of the ASD associated PTEN mutations was unable to restore PIP3 levels."

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"By maintaining a low level of PIP3, PTEN suppresses motility [XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR], cell multiplication [XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR], adhesion [XREF_BIBR], aggregation [XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR], and resistance to apoptosis [XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR]."

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"PTEN decreases the PIP3 levels through blocking the phosphorylation process of PIP2 to PIP3 and suppresses the activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway."

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"To turn off the mTOR signaling pathway, the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) decreases the PIP3 level, converting PIP3 to PIP2."
| PMC

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"In the present study we have examined this widely accepted theory using a new class I PI3K inhibitor (GDC-0941), as well as Akt inhibitors, and PTEN phosphatase constructs to reduce PIP3 levels."

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"PTEN dephosphorylates PIP3 to PIP2 and therefore decreases the amount of second messenger PIP3 and attenuates PI3K signaling."

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"PI3K catalyzes the formation of phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3), which activates a signaling cascade that involves protein kinase B (PKB o Akt), the target of rapamycin (TOR), etc; PIP3 levels are downregulated by the phosphatase PTEN."

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"As described above, the activation of PTEN antagonizes PI3K function and thus downregulates PIP3 levels."

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"The loss of PTEN function triggers high PIP3 levels, thereby activating PKB and TORC1, thus stimulating cell growth and division."

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"PTEN inhibition in neutrophils increased PIP3 levels, leading to increased Akt activation and increased actin polymerization XREF_BIBR."

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"However, PTEN (" phosphatase and tensin homologue ") can reverse this conversion and can again decrease the level of PIP3 in the cell."

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"PTEN must be inactivated to increase cellular levels of PIP3 for recruiting downstream signaling molecules, such as Akt, and inhibiting GSK-3beta, whose inactivation plays a vital role in the development of cardiac hypertrophy [XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR]."

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"As the lipid phosphatase, PTEN decreases intracellular PIP3 level and downstream Akt activity (Chow and Baker, 2006)."

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"To avoid constant Akt upregulation, the level of PIP3 is lowered by PTEN, which dephosphorylates PIP3 to PIP2."

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"Possible links between p53 and Rac can be garnered by considering findings that the PTEN gene, a lipid phosphatase that reduces levels of PIP3, leading to inhibition of PIP3 dependent GEFs for Rac and cdc42, can be transactivated by p53."

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"In response to growth factor receptor stimulation, intracellular PIP3 rises, leading to activation of a number of effectors, including AKT and mTOR pathway, then PTEN lowers the levels of PIP3 to abrogate the response."

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"Consequently, loss of PTEN function leads to increased oncogenic activity and enhanced PIP3 levels and PI3K and mTOR signaling."

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"PTEN reduces the amount of PIP3 by dephosphorylation and changes it into PIP2 [XREF_BIBR]."

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"PTEN dephosphorylates phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3) at the D3 position generating phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate (PIP2), decreasing cellular PIP3 levels."

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"PTEN negatively regulates the intracellular levels of PIP3 in cells and functions as a tumor suppressor by regulating Akt signaling pathway XREF_BIBR."

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"The balance of cellular PIP3 is regulated primarily by a phosphatase called PTEN that reduces PIP3 levels thereby lowering Akt activity."

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"For example, seen frequently in prostate cancer is loss of function of phosphatase and tension homologue (PTEN), a phosphatase that negatively regulates intracellular levels of PIP3 and functions as a tumor suppressor by negatively regulating the PKB and Akt signaling pathway, one of the two major signaling pathways downstream of IGF-1R discussed previously in this review [XREF_BIBR]."

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"PTEN can convert PIP3 back to PIP2 and can negatively regulate the expression of PIP3."

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"Elevated PI-3Kinase can be normalized by reintroduction of PTEN to reduce PIP3 levels, but it has not been shown that this effect can also be achieved by disruption of an upstream signal that stimulates PI-3Kinase activity."

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"As the lipid phosphatase, PTEN decreases intracellular PIP3 level and downstream Akt activity [45]."

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"Inhibition of PTEN with the inhibitor VO-OHpic increased the PIP3 levels in neutrophils, as measured indirectly through the impact on Akt phosphorylation levels (XREF_FIG)."

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"In contrast, PTEN negatively regulates intracellular PIP3 level and functions as a tumor suppressor by negatively regulating the Akt pathway XREF_BIBR."

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"PI3K-AKT signaling is counteracted by PTEN, a lipid phosphatase and tumor suppressor that reduces PIP3 levels."

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"Contrarily, PTEN, the phosphatase and tensin homolog, reduces the level of PIP3 and initiates the formation of autophagosome [XREF_BIBR]."

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"PTEN L320S -GFP and the enzymatically inactive PTEN delEx3 -GFP did not decrease PIP3 levels (XREF_FIG)."

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"One of the major effects of PTEN is to limit PIP3 levels through its lipid phosphatase activity."

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"Activation of PI3K results in increased PIP3 levels that are negatively regulated by the lipid phosphatase PTEN [25]."

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"Upregulation of PTEN and PI3K together restrict a balance of PIP3 levels and result in an appropriate p-AKT level for pupal-adult development."

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"In addition, Akt activity can be regulated by the PTEN tumour suppressor gene, which negatively regulates PIP3 levels."