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CACNA1A activates sodium atom. 36 / 36
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"Distinctively different with the case observed in Na v 1.2α, BmK AS could move the voltage dependent activation of Na v 1.2 (α + β1) towards depolarization in a linear dose-dependent way ( xref , right, Pre AS): Prominent for 100 nM ( Δ V 1/2 = 6.43 mV, P < 0.001) and 10 nM ( Δ V 1/2 = 6.03 mV, P < 0.005), but less significant for 1 nM ( Δ V 1/2 = 2.05 mV, P < 0.05) ( xref and xref )."
24430351
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"Loss of Na(V)1.1 did not change voltage-dependent activation or inactivation of sodium channels in hippocampal neurons."
16921370
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"We further identified that changes in neuronal currents were originated from temperature-induced shifts in voltage-dependent activation and inactivation of Na and K channels."
19034696
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"The voltage-dependent activation of sodium channels is essential for the generation of the upstroke phase of the action potential in most excitable cells."
9379171
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"Similar to the case of chimera ChD3, in the presence of 2 µM BmK IT2 and a 25 ms prepulse, the voltage-dependent activation of L(Dm)Na v 1.2 displayed a mild but significant shift with ΔV 1/2 of about −5 mV (p<0.05, n = 8, xref and xref )."
21264295
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"Thus, PKA phosphorylation largely attenuated the effect of BmK AS on voltage-dependent activation of Na v 1.2 either co-expressed with β1 subunit or not."
24430351
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"While the voltage-dependent activation of Na v 1.5 or Na v 1.7 was not affected by mexiletine and lidocaine, the steady-state fast and slow inactivation of Na v 1.5 and Na v 1.7 were significantly shifted to hyperpolarized direction by either mexiletine or lidocaine in dose-dependent manner."
26068619
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"The biophysical origin of such effect is believed to be the differential kinetics of the voltage-dependent activation and inactivation of sodium and potassium channels on the neuron membrane (for further details, see xref )."
21408148
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"Their actions are facilitated by the micro-agatoxins, which shift voltage-dependent activation of neuronal sodium channels to more negative potentials, causing spontaneous transmitter release and repetitive action potentials."
15066410
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"RTX-VII negatively shifted the voltage-dependent activation of the Na v 1.3/1.5 DII chimera and increased the I NaT at voltages ranging from −50 mV to 5 mV ( xref )."
25784299
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"The voltage dependent activation of deglycosylated Na v 1.2 was significantly shifted to more negative direction by BmK I, contrary to the little effects on the glycosylated ones."
22829817
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"Together the data show that rSkM1 and hH1 activation mechanisms are different and are the first to suggest a role for a cytoplasmic structure in the voltage-dependent activation of cardiac sodium channels."
10585922
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"The S4 segments serve as voltage sensors to initiate the voltage-dependent activation of sodium channels by moving outward under the influence of the electric field, thereby imposing a conformational change leading to channel activation [ xref ]."
29186022
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"However, patch clamp recordings and Na + imaging studies of the AIS suggest that the density of functional Na + channels, while higher in the AIS than in the soma, may not be as high as suggested from immunohistochemistry, and that the lower threshold for AP initiation results from a hyperpolarized shift in I Na voltage-dependent activation and the presence of I NaP ( xref ; xref ; xref )."
23216577
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"In accordance with the previous reports, the voltage-dependent activation and inactivation of Na v 1.2α were not affected by the PKA regulation xref , which held to be true for the case of Na v 1.2α co-expression with the β1 subunit as well."
24430351
sparser
"Loss of Na V 1.1 did not change voltage-dependent activation or inactivation of sodium channels in hippocampal neurons ( xref )."
19005038
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"To examine the effects of mexiletine and lidocaine on channel gating properties, we started recording of voltage-dependent activation of Na v 1.5 and Na v 1.7 channels stably expressed in HEK293 cells."
26068619
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"Considering the fact that there may be an offset in I-V curve due to the variation in reversal potential (Vrev), the G-V relationship was further assessed to analyze the modulation of BmK AS on voltage-dependent activation of Na v 1.2 before and after PKA phosphorylation."
24430351
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"Bennett [30] suggested that a glycosylated structure is important in the voltage-dependent activation of cardiac sodium channels that in turn may alter propagation of the action potential and hence [MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
12676541
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"Voltage-dependent activation or inactivation of sodium channels was unchanged ( xref )."
21463282
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"We found that: (1) some chemical mediators (e.g., adenosine 5'-triphosphate) produce a reduction or loss of superexcitability together with increased axonal excitability, indicating membrane depolarization; (2) blockade of axonal hyperpolarization-activated (Ih) currents produces an enhancement of superexcitability together with a decreased excitability, indicating membrane hyperpolarization; and (3) application of calcium produces an increase in membrane threshold without an alteration in superexcitability, indicating a non-specific increase in surface charge and a change in the voltage-dependent activation of sodium channels."
17487863
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"As shown in xref , myh10 coexpression hyperpolarized voltage-dependent activation of Na v 1.8 channels."
29956586
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"When electrotonic propagation from the neighboring cells depolarizes the cell membrane to reach the threshold for Na + channel voltage-dependent activation, a large number of channels open giving rise to a huge depolarizing current (∼20–30 nA/pF at peak), which determines the upstroke phase of the AP."
24689024
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"Voltage-dependent activation and inactivation of Na v 1.4, but not Na v 1.5, shifts when expressed in cells incapable of sialylation, indicating not all VGSCs are affected equally ( xref )."
27252364
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"The transmembrane segments of the conserved homologous domains were shown (by site-directed mutagenesis and expression studies) to be involved in the voltage-dependent activation of sodium channels an[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
11086217
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"Further, we observed no difference in I Na voltage-dependent activation, steady-state voltage-dependent inactivation, or time-dependent recovery between WT and B56α KO myocytes ( xref ; p=N.S.)."
30602331
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"The sodium current showed voltage-dependent activation and inactivation."
2445391
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"xref describes the effects of the β1 subunit on the voltage-dependent activation of Na v 1.6 sodium channels expressed in HEK293 cells. xref shows families of sodium currents, recorded using the indicated pulse protocol, from an individual representative cell expressing rat Na v 1.6 sodium channels and current – voltage plot of the peak transient sodium currents in these traces. xref shows sodium current traces and current – voltage relationships from an individual representative cell expressing Na v 1.6β1 sodium channels. xref shows conductance – voltage plots of data obtained from multiple cells expressing rat Na v 1.6 sodium channels either in the absence or presence of the β1 subunit, and xref summarizes the statistical analysis of these data."
24404202
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"Persistent inflammation leading to nociception also induced time-dependent changes in Aβ-fiber neuron excitability by shifting the voltage-dependent activation of Na v 1.8 in the hyperpolarizing direction, thus decreasing the current threshold for triggering action potentials."
24606981
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"Despite the complete removal of inactivation by NBA, the voltage-dependent activation of sodium channels remains unaltered as determined by (a) sodium current turn-on kinetics, (b) sodium tail current kinetics, (c) voltage dependence of steady-state activation, and (d) sensitivity of sodium channels to external calcium concentration."
650167
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"The ionic conductances that are modulated by cholinergic receptor activation were assessed in voltage clamp experiments in the presence of TTX (0.5 µM) and ZD7288 (50 µM) to block voltage-dependent activation of sodium channels and the hyperpolarization-activated current I h , respectively."
23520542
sparser
"Together with the electrophysiological findings showing that the intrinsic properties, such as voltage-dependent activation and inactivation of Nav1.8 sodium channels, remained unchanged after the inoculation of tumor cells, the increased expression of Nav1.8 on the cell membrane provides a possible explanation for the enhanced density of Nav1.8- mediated sodium current in the DRG neurons of MRMT-1-treated rats, which actually represents the functional upregulation of Nav1.8 sodium channels in the DRG neurons of bone cancer rats."
25503076
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"The parameters m , n and h are dynamic variables that describe the voltage-dependent activation of sodium and potassium channels, and the sodium channel deactivation after spike initiation, respectively."
30158188
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"In this study, the effects of BmK AS, a sodium channel-specific modulator from Chinese scorpion Buthus martensi Karsch, on the voltage-dependent activation and inactivation of Na v 1.2 were examined before and after PKA activation."
24430351
sparser
"Voltage-dependent activation of sodium channels depends on movement of “electrically charged particles” across the cell membrane through the transmembrane electric field [ xref ]."
28589518
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"These results support the hypothesis that veratridine, in small concentrations, induces a slow voltage-dependent activation of TTX-sensitive sodium channels, independent of the fast activating and inactivating sodium channels involved in action potential generation."
1849251