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IndraLab
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"Our results have demonstrated that H. pylori infection upregulates COX-2, which reduces cytoplasmic beta-catenin protein phosphorylation and induces cytoplasmic and nuclear beta-catenin accumulation, thus showing that H. pylori infection can induce the nuclear translocation of beta-catenin."
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"However, stimulation of the Wnt-pathway with a ligand inhibits the activity of the complex, and beta-catenin is less phosphorylated and ubiquitinated, leading to an accumulation of beta-catenin in the cytosol and increased entry of beta-catenin into the nucleus [XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR]."
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"Conversely, activation of TRPV4 in BMSCs cultured on PT increased the expression of the osteoblastic gene and the gene expression and protein level of NFATc1 and Wnt3a and beta-catenin and also enhanced the nuclear translocation of NFATc1 and beta-catenin (all vs unactivated BMSCs)."
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"The in vitro results indicate that stimulation of the CaSR, by Ca (2+) or by the calcimimetic R-568, produced a striking and time dependent decrease in the phosphorylation of beta-catenin at Ser 552 and Ser 675, two amino acid residues that promote beta-catenin transcriptional activity."
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"Furthermore, over-expression of beta-catenin rescued Wnt and beta-catenin pathway activity and partially prevented increased apoptosis and growth inhibition induced by SUMOylation inhibition, indicating that beta-catenin was responsible for the observed effect on Wnt and beta-catenin pathway."
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"HDAC1 can not only directly bind to the promoter region of beta-catenin to inhibit the expression of beta-catenin gene but also degrade beta-catenin through the interaction between the domain of deacetylase and the deacetylated beta-catenin protein, which leads to the downregulation of the classical Wnt and beta-catenin signaling pathway and promotion of the cartilage differentiation process of mouse mesenchymal stem cells induced by TGF-beta 1 [XREF_BIBR]."
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"GSL profiling, silencing of globotriaosylceramide synthase and assessment of signaling pathway indicated that GCS transfection significantly increased globo series GSLs (globotriaosylceramide Gb3, globotetraosylceramide Gb4) on GSL enriched microdomain (GEM), activated cSrc kinase, decreased beta-catenin phosphorylation, and increased nuclear beta-catenin."
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"While decreased phosphorylation of beta-catenin with PLX4720 is seen across all cell lines tested (XREF_FIG), enhanced expression of AXIN2 with PLX4720 was observed in only half of these lines (XREF_FIG) suggesting that decreased beta-catenin phosphorylation alone is not sufficient to enhance Wnt and beta-catenin signaling with targeted BRAF inhibition."
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"RUNX1 silencing with shRNAs that target either its RUNT domain (shRx1 RUNT) or its 3 '-untranslated region (3 '-UTR; shRx1 3 '-UTR) upregulated active beta-catenin (A-beta-cat) levels in both cell lines (XREF_FIG), and increased cytoplasmic and nuclear beta-catenin was confirmed by western blot analysis of the respective MCF7 cell fractions (XREF_FIG)."
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"In summary, our study preliminarily demonstrated that BBR stimulated the canonical Wnt/β-catenin-signaling pathway by increasing the expression of β-catenin and enhancing β-catenin entering nuclear, then activated osteogenic genes downstream, and promoted the odontogenic differentiation of hSCAPs."
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"The prevailing view regarding the mechanism regulating cytoplasmic beta-catenin has been that in the absence of WNT ligand, constitutively active casein kinase-1 (CK1) and glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3beta) phosphorylate beta-catenin, captured by the degradation complex, at four specific serine and threonine residues (Ser33, Ser37, Thr41, Ser45) in the N-terminal region targeting beta-catenin for ubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome (XREF_FIG)."
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"Because overexpression of beta-catenin in the metanephric mesenchyme was reported to induce beta-catenin activity in the UB via upregulation of glial cell derived neurotrophic factor (Gdnf), secreted signaling molecule expressed throughout the CM and necessary for kidney development, (Sarin etal."
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"The total amount of beta-catenin, including both phosphorylated and non phosphorylated forms, was 7-fold higher in nuclear protein extracts from cells treated with BE3 and the S33 targeting sgRNA than in control cells treated with BE3 and an unrelated-sgRNA, consistent with stabilization and enhanced translocation of beta-catenin into the nucleus."
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"The sequential phosphorylation of beta-catenin by CK1 at Ser45 and by GSK3beta at Ser33, Ser37, and Thr41 enables the recognition of beta-catenin by beta-transducin repeat containing protein (beta-TrCP), consequently resulting in the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of beta-catenin."
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"Elevated beta-catenin level and accumulation of beta-catenin in the nucleus could lead to activation of beta-catenin and TCF pathway and its downstream target genes, such as cyclinD1, c-myc, MT-MMP1, urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and matrix metallopeptidase-7 (MMP-7), which have been linked to cancer growth, invasion and metastasis [XREF_BIBR]."
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"In contrast, when Wnt signaling was activated by various intercellular stimulator, Wnt ligands could activate FZD and LRP targeting APC and Axin, leading to dephosphorylation of GSK-3beta and the recruitment of the cytosolic proteins Dishevelled (Dvl), which inhibit phosphorylation of beta-catenin then cause to beta-catenin accumulate."
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"Compressive loading additionally enhanced the mRNA expression levels of the Wnt and beta-catenin signaling pathway component, low density lipoprotein receptor related protein 5, and the protein expression levels of Wnt1, disheveled segment polarity protein-2 (DVL2) and beta-catenin."
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"The APC protein forms a destruction complex with Axin, glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta) and casein kinase 1 (CK1) which phosphorylates beta-catenin at multiple sites [XREF_BIBR], and targets beta-catenin for ubiquitination and to degradation by the proteasome system [XREF_BIBR]."
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"At the membrane, tyrosine phosphorylation of beta-catenin at residues Y142, Y489, and Y654 by different kinases including HGF and Met, EGFR, Fer, Src, and others [reviewed in] can induce dissociation of beta-catenin from E-cadherin to dismantle cell-cell junctions and may also lead to activation of beta-catenin signaling in the nuclei."
eidos
"We also showed that CENPK was directly bound to SOX6 and disrupted the interactions of CENPK with beta-catenin , which promoted beta-catenin expression and nuclear translocation , facilitated p53 ubiquitination , and led to activation of Wnt / beta-catenin signaling , but suppression of the p53 pathway ."
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"Lithium, a clinically relevant drug commonly prescribed as a mood stabilizer for psychiatric disorders, significantly increased levels of phosphorylated GSK3beta serine 9, an inhibitory phosphorylation site, and decreased beta-catenin ser33/37/thr41 phosphorylation in vitro, indicating GSK3beta inhibition and reduced beta-catenin degradation."
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"Beta-catenin, a central mediator in the Wnt and beta-catenin signalling pathway, is expressed in many solid tumours.7, 8 Nuclear translocation of beta-catenin is considered a marker of pathway activation.9 Previous study has shown strong beta-catenin staining in cervical cancer tissues by immunohistochemistry.2 Here we found that HMQ-T-F2 not only reduced the protein level of beta-catenin but also significantly suppressed the nuclear translocation of beta-catenin, which resulted in decreasing mRNA levels."
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"In the presence of Wnt signaling, the binding of LRP5/6 and FZD inhibits the activity of the Axin complex and the phosphorylation of beta-catenin, allowing beta-catenin to enter the nucleus, and then bind to TEF and TCF to form a complex, which then recruits cofactors to initiate downstream gene expression."
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"As beta-catenin phosphorylation at Ser552 and Ser675 by protein kinase A and/or AKT has been proposed to promote beta-catenin nuclear location and/or transcriptional activity XREF_BIBR - XREF_BIBR, we also analyzed the possibility that these kinases were involved in the effect of VDR knock-down on beta-catenin."
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"When aberrantly activated, this signaling pathway leads to the accumulation of beta-catenin in the cytoplasm, translocation of beta-catenin to the nucleus to trigger the beta-catenin and T-cell factor and lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF/LEF) transcriptional machinery, and upregulation of target genes, such as those encoding cyclin D1, c-myc, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) -7 [XREF_BIBR]."
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"The release of nonphosphorylated beta-catenin from the degradation complex promotes the relocalization of the cytoplasmic pool of beta-catenin into the nucleus, where it forms a complex with a specific T-cell factor and lymphoid enhancer factor (Tcf/Lef) for transcriptional activation [XREF_BIBR]."
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"Western blot assays revealed that the miR-26a-5p inhibitor reduced the protein levels of beta-catenin in both A549 and H1299 cells, demonstrating that miR-26a-5p upregulates the expression of beta-catenin and consequently promotes the activation of Wnt and beta-catenin signaling pathway (XREF_FIG)."
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"Moreover, mounting evidence indicates that aberrant activation of the WNT and beta-catenin signaling pathway may be involved in OSCC development and progression.28, 29 Our data suggested that knockdown of UCA1 inhibited beta-catenin expression and reversed the activation level of the WNT and beta-catenin signaling pathway."
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"Conversely, at 3 and 6 h of ANP treatment, beta-catenin mRNA resulted unmodified or down-regulated, indicating that the high levels of the total protein concomitantly recorded by WB were actually due to a reduction of beta-catenin degradation induced by the natriuretic peptide, rather than to a decrease transcription of beta-catenin gene."
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"As shown in XREF_FIG A, E-cadherin overexpression in epithelial FosER cells caused a significant (< = 50%) reduction of endogenous beta-catenin and LEF -1 activity, but coexpression of ectopic beta-catenin or LEF-1 or TCF-3 rescued or even increased beta-catenin activity compared with the control."
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"Hence, discovering effective inhibitors targeting β-catenin stabilization and downstream signaling could be of high importance.Previously, we have reported that the flavonoid galangin effectively inhibits β-catenin response transcription (CRT) by promoting β-catenin degradation in colon cancer cell lines [11], and new 4,9-friedodrimane-type sesquiterpenoids, isolated from a marine sponge, suppress β-catenin expression and exhibit cytotoxic activity in colon cancer cells [12]."
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"CAF-derived periostin is highly likely to bind to PTK7 on the cancer cell membrane and transduces signals to disheveled protein through the cell surface receptor LRP6; this induces the phosphorylation of GSK-3β and the hypophosphorylation of β-catenin, which causes β-catenin to translocate into the nucleus, suggesting that the periostin-PTK7 axis activates the canonical Wnt signaling pathway [94]."
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"We also showed that downregulation of gamma-catenin suppressed the phosphorylation of STAT5, promoted the phosphorylation of beta-catenin and reduced the translocation of beta-catenin into the nucleus, although there were no effects on the total level of beta-catenin expression in the whole cells."
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"Although a previous report proposed that cross talk between the PI3K and WNT and beta-catenin pathways might be prohibited and WNT and beta-catenin-mediated transcriptional activity was not modulated by the activation of the PI3K and Akt pathway XREF_BIBR, our results showed that the oxidation resistant mutant of PTEN, PTEN-C71S, but not wild-type PTEN, as well as PI3K and Akt inhibitor and NAC treatment, reversed AIF knockdown induced expressions of WNT and beta-catenin signaling target genes, supporting that AIF regulates beta-catenin signaling through PTEN-PI3K and Akt pathway."
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"We also found that these opposing effects on Wnt activation can be explained by the finding that HIF-1alpha depletion not only decreases the beta-catenin protein levels in cells and decreases the nuclear beta-catenin levels but also induces the sequestration of beta-catenin at the cell membrane by E-cadherin."
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"Further, this Wnt pathway description has recently been challenged by evidence of APC independent beta-catenin degradation [XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR], APC associated phosphorylation of beta-catenin independent of Axin (and surprisingly mediated by beta-catenin itself) [XREF_BIBR], Wnt activation of different phospho-forms of beta-catenin [XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR] and beta-catenin ubiquitination [XREF_BIBR]."
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"SBSN-2 in ESCC cell lines increased the activity of WNT and beta-catenin signalling pathway, which resulted in TCF/LEF transcriptional activity, nuclear translocation and reduced phosphorylation of WNT and beta-catenin, and increased transcript levels of WNT / beta-catenin signalling regulated genes such as AXIN2, MYC, CCND1, FRA1, MMP7 and JUN.."
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"Studies have also reported that P300 can acetylate beta-catenin to enhance the transcription of beta-catenin and promote the combination of beta-catenin with transcription factor 4 (TCF4), resulting in activating the Wnt and beta-catenin signaling pathway [XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR]."
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"As a competing endogenous RNA, LncRNA H19 sponges rno-miR-138-5p and rno-miR-141-3p enhance the expression of PTK2 and beta-catenin and upregulate the FAK/PDK1/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and beta-catenin target genes (c-Myc and cyclin D1), while inhibiting autophagy and promoting proliferation."
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"Ablation of the N-cadherin gene (Cdh2) in primary osteogenic lineage cells resulted in increased Lrp6 and PTHR1 interaction in response to PTH 1-34, associated with enhanced PTH induced PKA signaling and PKA dependent beta-catenin C-terminus phosphorylation, which promotes beta-catenin transcriptional activity."
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"Since we did not locate partial breakdown fragments of beta-catenin at any time point, we examined three possibilities that may lead to reduced beta-catenin protein expression such as, increase in the proteasomal degradation process, the inhibition of mRNA expression of beta-catenin, and finally, caspase mediated degradation of beta-catenin."
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"Consistent with reports that p38 suppresses breast cancer cell early dissemination by inhibiting beta-catenin activation [XREF_BIBR], Tpl2 overexpression reduced the levels of activated beta-catenin (XREF_SUPPLEMENTARY) and promoted translocation of beta-catenin from nuclei to cell surface (XREF_SUPPLEMENTARY), while the Tpl2 shRNAs had opposite effects (XREF_SUPPLEMENTARY - XREF_SUPPLEMENTARY), in MCF-10A and MCF-10A-Her2 cells."
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"In the absence of Wnt ligands, GSK-3, the transcriptional co-activator beta-catenin, and the tumor suppressor adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) bind directly to the scaffolding protein Axin in a complex that facilitates phosphorylation of beta-catenin by GSK-3, which targets beta-catenin for proteasome dependent degradation."
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"In the canonical Wnt pathway 23, the Wnt ligand brings together a Frizzled receptor and an LRP co-receptor, which represses beta-catenin phosphorylation and increases beta-catenin protein stability, allowing it to translocate to the nucleus where it functions as a transcriptional co-activator of the TCF/LEF family."
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"In addition to promoting interactions with cadherin, phosphorylation of beta-catenin by Xgsk-3 or other intracellular kinases may also modulate the association of beta-catenin with other protein partners, thereby regulating both beta-catenin function and its subcellular distribution."
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"In addition, overexpression of beta-catenin led to activation of the Wnt and beta-catenin signaling pathway in HCC827/ER/pLV-LHX 6 cells (P < 0.05), and higher beta-catenin expression was determined in HCC827/ER/pLV-LHX 6/pLV-CNTTB 1 cells than in HCC827/ER/pLV-LHX 6 cells (XREF_FIG and XREF_FIG)."
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"Phosphorylated Akt triggers a network that positively regulates G 1 / S cell cycle progression through inactivation of Gsk3beta XREF_BIBR, direct phosphorylation of beta-catenin at Ser552, which enhances beta-catenin nuclear accumulation XREF_BIBR and increased beta-catenin-TCF and Lef transcriptional activity XREF_BIBR."
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"Our finding of integrin dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of Y654-beta-catenin is important because phosphorylation of beta-catenin at Y654 is known to promote both dissociation of beta-catenin from E-cadherin and stabilization of beta-catenin from ubiquitination and degradation."
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"We next examined whether this LGR5 and PKA axis could activate or increase the sensitivity of beta-catenin to the downstream signaling mediated by Wnt, as Brudvik et al. have reported that PKA can catalyze the phosphorylation of beta-catenin at Ser552 and Ser675, which activates beta-catenin in human colon cancer cells in vitro [XREF_BIBR]."
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"Since GSK3 is a kinase within the beta-catenin destruction complex, which could phosphorylate Axin bound beta-catenin and the phosphorylated beta-catenin is then ubiquitinated and targeted for rapid destruction by the proteasome, preventing activation of beta-catenin target genes XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR, GSK3 can act as a negative regulator of beta-catenin."
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"In the present study, we demonstrated, for the first time, that CHI3L1 also activates the Wnt and beta-catenin signaling pathway by phosphorylating beta-catenin at both Ser552 and Ser675, which in turn induces beta-catenin accumulation in the nucleus and increases its transcriptional activity."
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"Jak3 is also reported to facilitate the differentiation of colonic mucosa through additional mechanisms involving beta-catenin-mediated adherens junction (AJ) formation where Jak3 activation promotes beta-catenin phosphorylation at Tyr654 which in turn allows beta-catenin to interact with E-cadherin."
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"While the role of phosphorylation in beta-catenin signaling has been extensively studied in the context of GSK3 dependent regulation of the destruction complex to regulate beta-catenin stability in the cytoplasm, converging evidence indicates that beta-catenin phosphorylation at other non GSK3 target residues can enhance beta-catenin activity."
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"Major et al. demonstrated that APC membrane recruitment 1 (Amer1), also known as WTX (Wilms ' tumor suppressor X chromosome), formed a complex with beta-catenin and APC (adenomatous polyposis coli) to promote beta-catenin ubiquitination and degradation, which antagonized the Wnt and beta-catenin signaling pathway [XREF_BIBR]."
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"The activation of the canonical Wnt and beta-catenin signalling pathway involves the binding of a canonical Wnt ligand to the receptors ' frizzled ' (FZD) and low-density lipoprotein receptor related protein 5/6 (LRP5/6), thereby inhibiting beta-catenin phosphorylation, which allows beta-catenin to escape degradation and accumulate in the cytoplasm."
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"Briefly, in the absence of Wnt ligand, cytosolic beta-catenin is phosphorylated by glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), the primary kinase of the destruction complex comprising the scaffolding protein Axin, adenomatosis polyposis coli (APC), and GSK-3, thereby targeting beta-catenin for ubiquitination and proteosomal degradation."
eidos
"We next hypothesized that the nongenomic TRbeta-PI3K signaling pathway could be regulating osteoblast differentiation via activation of beta-catenin signaling , since beta-catenin has been shown to be activated by PI3K in thyroid cancer and beta-catenin is a key regulator of osteoblast proliferation and differentiation ."
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"Moreover, in the human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells BxPC3, in which SMAD4 is homozigously deleted, chronic EGF stimulation induces beta-catenin phosphorylation that can be antagonized by SMAD4 restoration, suggesting that SMAD4 homozigous deletion is critical to EGF induced WNT and beta-catenin signaling pathway inhibition XREF_BIBR."
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"Thus, this study was designed to compare, at molecular level, two OSCC cell lines, both derived from drinking and smoking individuals and differing for presence/absence of HPV infection.Methods: HPV-negative UPCI-SCC-131 and HPV16-positive UPCI-SCC-154 cell lines were compared by whole genome gene expression profiling and subsequently studied for activation of Wnt/betaCatenin signaling pathway by the expression of several Wnt-target genes, betaCatenin intracellular localization, stem cell features and miRNA let-7e."
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"The results showed that CQD could inhibit the acetylation of beta-catenin and disrupt the interaction of beta-catenin with T-cell factor 4 (TCF4), leading to reduced binding of beta-catenin to the promoters of Wnt target genes and downregulation of the expression of these target genes."
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"In the absence of an activating signal, phosphorylation of beta-catenin by GSK3 acting in conjunction with APC and axin causes beta-catenin to interact with the ligase beta-transducin repeat containing protein (beta-TrCP) which results in its ubiquitination and degradation, executed by proteasome [XREF_BIBR]."
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"In vitro immunocytochemistry and proximity ligation studies in brain endothelial cells reveal that RA, through its receptor RARalpha, regulates beta-catenin expression in brain endothelial cells via transcriptional suppression and phosphorylation events that targets beta-catenin for proteasomal degradation, the latter dependent on PKCalpha."
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"In SW480 cells, HIF-2alpha knockdown did not affect beta-catenin levels, increasing the transcriptional activity of beta-catenin by inducing its nuclear accumulation, whereas HIF-1alpha silencing negatively affected the stability and transcriptional activity of beta-catenin, inducing its exit from the nuclei and its recruitment to the cell membrane by E-cadherin."
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"In the absence of an activating signal, phosphorylation of beta-catenin by glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) acting in conjunction with adenomatous polyposis coli and axin and conductin causes beta-catenin to interact with the beta-transducin repeat containing protein which results in its ubiquitination and degradation."
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"While the precise initiating mechanism leading to down regulation of PrKD1 in prostate cancer is unclear, the down regulated PrKD1 leads to loss of T120 phosphorylation of beta-catenin, which increases active nuclear beta-catenin with attendant consequences on downstream transcriptional activity."
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"However, SOX4 increased beta-catenin expression seems to limited to the cytoplasm and failed to initiate cytoplasm-to-nuclear translocation of beta-catenin, suggesting the action of SOX4 seems unlikely to involve directly transcriptional changes of beta-catenin directly regulated genes."
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"Once activated, Dvl inhibits beta-catenin phosphorylation, mediated by Axin [XREF_BIBR] A multiprotein " destruction complex " that includes, adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), axin andglycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta), would target and degrade beta-catenin in the absence of Wnt signaling."
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"In the presence of extracellular Wnt protein binding to the Frizzled receptor and low-density-lipoprotein receptor related protein 5/6 (LRP5/6) co-receptors, the ubiquitination and degradation of beta-catenin mediated by GSK3beta are inhibited, thus facilitating the accumulation and translocation of beta-catenin into the nucleus [XREF_BIBR]."
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"One mechanism by which the AHR could suppress beta-catenin signaling more directly is in its role as a substrate recognition subunit of ubiquitin E3 ligase cullin-4B, where the ligand activated AHR, localized in the nucleus, stimulates ubiquitination of beta-catenin and thus increases beta-catenin degradation (XREF_FIG)."
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"In addition to directly phosphorylating beta-catenin on Y654 and Y142, FGF signaling can also directly activate beta-catenin signaling through the PI3K-AKT pathway, which acts to prevent beta-catenin degradation by inhibiting GSK-3beta, and by phosphorylating beta-catenin on Ser552, which helps to drive beta-catenin to the nucleus."
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"Intriguingly, overexpressing HACE1 in AGS and SGC7901 reduced beta-catenin protein level and inhibited the activity of the Wnt and beta-catenin signaling pathway, while knocking out HACE1 could increase the protein level of beta-catenin and enhance the activity of the Wnt and beta-catenin signaling pathway."
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"Tyrosine phosphorylation of beta-catenin at residues Y142, Y654, and Y670 by the activity of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-met, Y489 by Abl, and Y654 by the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Src may induce dissociation of beta-catenin from adherens junctions and may activate beta-catenin signaling."