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"The total beta-catenin levels were not altered by ExoTG2 compared with controls (XREF_FIG), but significantly increased nuclear beta-catenin in Tgm2-/- MEFs (XREF_FIG)."

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"Our results have demonstrated that H. pylori infection upregulates COX-2, which reduces cytoplasmic beta-catenin protein phosphorylation and induces cytoplasmic and nuclear beta-catenin accumulation, thus showing that H. pylori infection can induce the nuclear translocation of beta-catenin."

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"However, stimulation of the Wnt-pathway with a ligand inhibits the activity of the complex, and beta-catenin is less phosphorylated and ubiquitinated, leading to an accumulation of beta-catenin in the cytosol and increased entry of beta-catenin into the nucleus [XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR]."

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"We found that SKI II decreased the expression of beta-catenin and the downstream molecules of beta-catenin signal pathway and promotes the beta-catenin degradation."

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"Conversely, activation of TRPV4 in BMSCs cultured on PT increased the expression of the osteoblastic gene and the gene expression and protein level of NFATc1 and Wnt3a and beta-catenin and also enhanced the nuclear translocation of NFATc1 and beta-catenin (all vs unactivated BMSCs)."

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"We first confirmed that CHIR treatment or beta-catenin overexpression activated the canonical Wnt and beta-catenin signaling using the TOPFlash reporter assay (XREF_FIG)."

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"Differential expression of selected beta-catenin and TCF-regulated genes, such as Myc, likely underlies context dependent effects of Ctnnb1 gene dosage in tumorigenesis."

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"beta-Catenin is a crucial signaling molecule in the Wnt and beta-catenin signaling pathway, and dephosphorylation of beta-catenin at Ser33, Ser37, and Thr41 activates beta-catenin [XREF_BIBR]."

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"Overexpression of wild-type plakoglobin or mutant beta catenin lacking the transactivation domain induced accumulation of the endogenous beta-catenin in the nucleus and LEF-1-responsive transactivation."

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"Our study agrees with previous studies showing that elevated phosphorylation of moesin increased beta-catenin phosphorylation (Ser 552) and induced the nuclear translocation of beta-catenin, which regulates the expression of ABCG2 XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR."

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"The present findings indicated that the upregulated expression of beta-catenin promoted glioma cell migration and invasion and Sox2 may be a regulator of beta-catenin."

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"In addition, we found that 14-3-3epsilon siRNA impairs 14-3-3epsilon-increased beta-catenin expression and consequently reduces the accumulation of beta-catenin in the nuclei by promoting the sequestration of beta-catenin at cell junctions in 14-3-3epsilon-overexpressing cells."

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"In the presence of EPO, EPO during elevated D-glucose exposure prevents the phosphorylation of beta-catenin and ultimately would prevent degradation of beta-catenin."

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"The in vitro results indicate that stimulation of the CaSR, by Ca (2+) or by the calcimimetic R-568, produced a striking and time dependent decrease in the phosphorylation of beta-catenin at Ser 552 and Ser 675, two amino acid residues that promote beta-catenin transcriptional activity."

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"FANCL ubiquitinates beta-catenin with atypical ubiquitin chains (K11 linked), a modification that functionally enhances beta-catenin activity."

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"Furthermore, over-expression of beta-catenin rescued Wnt and beta-catenin pathway activity and partially prevented increased apoptosis and growth inhibition induced by SUMOylation inhibition, indicating that beta-catenin was responsible for the observed effect on Wnt and beta-catenin pathway."

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"PAK1 also interacts with beta-catenin to promote beta-catenin and TCF4 activation in gastric epithelial cells and it phosphorylates beta-catenin at Serine 675, which increases the stability and transcriptional activity of beta-catenin in colon cancer cells XREF_BIBR."

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"Overexpression of wt plakoglobin or mutant beta catenin lacking the transactivation domain induced nuclear accumulation of the endogenous beta-catenin and LEF-1-responsive transactivation."

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"Exogenous addition of DKK1 inhibited both nuclear and cytoplasmic beta-catenin level and decreased the nuclear and cytoplasmic ratio of beta-catenin in a dosage dependent manner [XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR]."

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"Moreover, two other beta-catenin phosphorylation sites Ser552 and Ser675, which are phosphorylated by Akt and Protein kinase A (PKA) respectively, can cause beta-catenin accumulation and increase its transcriptional activity, thereby activating the canonical Wnt pathway."

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"Wnt signaling pathway can inhibit GSK-3-mediated phosphorylation of beta-catenin allowing beta-catenin to the nucleus, where the interaction of beta-catenin with TCF family transcription factors regulates gene expression [XREF_BIBR]."

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"Phosphorylation of beta-catenin by CK1 and GSK3 causes beta-TrCP-mediated proteolysis of beta-catenin, keeping the cytosolic and nuclear levels of beta-catenin very low [XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR]."

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"Cyclin D1, a bona fide target of beta-catenin transcription and NRCAM (neuronal cell adhesion molecule) another known target of beta-catenin driven transcription showed inverse correlation with NMI expression."

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"HDAC1 can not only directly bind to the promoter region of beta-catenin to inhibit the expression of beta-catenin gene but also degrade beta-catenin through the interaction between the domain of deacetylase and the deacetylated beta-catenin protein, which leads to the downregulation of the classical Wnt and beta-catenin signaling pathway and promotion of the cartilage differentiation process of mouse mesenchymal stem cells induced by TGF-beta 1 [XREF_BIBR]."

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"Interestingly, the protein level of beta-catenin was enhanced by NELFE, while no significant change in mRNA level was observed after NELFE overexpression or knockdown, implying the regulation of beta-catenin by NELFE is not at the transcriptional level."

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"These data suggest that SAA does not inhibit a Wnt signaling pathway acting via GSK3beta but does inhibit the PTH stimulation of beta-catenin activity mediated by phosphorylation of beta-catenin at Ser552 and Ser675."

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"GSL profiling, silencing of globotriaosylceramide synthase and assessment of signaling pathway indicated that GCS transfection significantly increased globo series GSLs (globotriaosylceramide Gb3, globotetraosylceramide Gb4) on GSL enriched microdomain (GEM), activated cSrc kinase, decreased beta-catenin phosphorylation, and increased nuclear beta-catenin."

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"We identified Salmonella protein AvrA that modulates Wnt signaling including upregulating Wnt expression, modifying beta-catenin, increasing total beta-catenin expression, and activating Wnt and beta-catenin transcriptional activity in the intestinal epithelial cells."

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"Specific activation of Wnt and beta-catenin signaling by stable beta-catenin (Delta45) expression or by BIO or LiCl effectively increased the levels of miR-29a (XREF_FIG)."

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"While decreased phosphorylation of beta-catenin with PLX4720 is seen across all cell lines tested (XREF_FIG), enhanced expression of AXIN2 with PLX4720 was observed in only half of these lines (XREF_FIG) suggesting that decreased beta-catenin phosphorylation alone is not sufficient to enhance Wnt and beta-catenin signaling with targeted BRAF inhibition."

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"RUNX1 silencing with shRNAs that target either its RUNT domain (shRx1 RUNT) or its 3 '-untranslated region (3 '-UTR; shRx1 3 '-UTR) upregulated active beta-catenin (A-beta-cat) levels in both cell lines (XREF_FIG), and increased cytoplasmic and nuclear beta-catenin was confirmed by western blot analysis of the respective MCF7 cell fractions (XREF_FIG)."

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"However, LPA cannot induce nuclear translocation of β-catenin in cells with a mutation in Apc or β-catenin that constitutively activates β-catenin ( xref )."

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"In support of this notion, nesprin-2 depleted U2OS cells displayed loss of beta-catenin from cell-cell contacts, accumulation of active beta-catenin in the nucleus and augmented beta-catenin transcriptional activity."

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"In particular, tyrosine phosphorylation of beta-catenin (residue Y654) severs cadherin binding and stimulates the association of beta-catenin with nuclear transcription factors following translocation to the nucleus XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR."

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"Tian et al., 23 subsequently reproduced our findings and provided data suggesting that constitutive Smad4 expression in SW480 cells reduced beta-catenin mRNA levels and decreased nuclear beta-catenin immunoreactivity."

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"Further, the expression of nuclear beta-catenin, p-GSK-3beta, p-AKT, and p-mTOR was increased by ghrelin, indicating an activation of beta-catenin and AKT and mTOR signaling after the ghrelin treatment."

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"Beta-catenin methylation inhibits beta-catenin ubiquitinoylation and finally drives the activation of Wnt and beta-catenin signaling [XREF_BIBR]."

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"The inhibition of GSK3 was evident as LiCl decreased beta-catenin phosphorylation and increased beta-catenin protein."

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"In summary, our study preliminarily demonstrated that BBR stimulated the canonical Wnt/β-catenin-signaling pathway by increasing the expression of β-catenin and enhancing β-catenin entering nuclear, then activated osteogenic genes downstream, and promoted the odontogenic differentiation of hSCAPs."

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"Here we show that mechanical strain induced Src phosphorylation of beta-catenin and Wnt3A pathway dependent stabilization of cytoplasmic beta-catenin synergize to increase beta-catenin transcriptional activity to levels that drive cell cycle progression through S/G2 and mitosis."

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"Compared with the effects of Wnt5a knockdown cells, Wnt5a overexpressing cells triggered the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and beta-catenin, which leads to beta-catenin degradation and inactivates the canonical Wnt and beta-catenin pathway."

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"Time course experiments revealed that PGE2 treatment resulted in increased phosphorylation of beta-catenin (S675) and GSK3beta (S9), events that promote beta-catenin stabilization."

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"The prevailing view regarding the mechanism regulating cytoplasmic beta-catenin has been that in the absence of WNT ligand, constitutively active casein kinase-1 (CK1) and glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3beta) phosphorylate beta-catenin, captured by the degradation complex, at four specific serine and threonine residues (Ser33, Ser37, Thr41, Ser45) in the N-terminal region targeting beta-catenin for ubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome (XREF_FIG)."

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"In contrast, the same inhibitor had no effect on uncomplexed beta-catenin induced by exogenous beta-catenin expressed under the control of a tet regulatable promoter."

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"Because overexpression of beta-catenin in the metanephric mesenchyme was reported to induce beta-catenin activity in the UB via upregulation of glial cell derived neurotrophic factor (Gdnf), secreted signaling molecule expressed throughout the CM and necessary for kidney development, (Sarin etal."

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"GSK-3beta plays an important role in suppressing the canonical Wnt signaling pathway by its ability to phosphorylate beta-catenin, thereby targeting beta-catenin for degradation."

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"We also found that Me6 treatment significantly stimulated the phosphorylation of beta-catenin and enhanced the nuclear translocation of beta-catenin in small intestinal organoids (XREF_SUPPLEMENTARY D, Figure XREF_FIG D)."

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"AKT-mediated phosphorylation of β-catenin at the Ser552 site of the pool related to plasma membrane induces the disassociation of β-catenin from E-cadherin, together with cytoplasmic and nuclear accumulation [44, 62]."

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"Histone acetyltransferase p300 is a transcriptional coactivator of diverse transcription factors, and acetylation of beta-catenin by p300 potentiates beta-catenin signaling activation by several mechanisms [XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR]."

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"The total amount of beta-catenin, including both phosphorylated and non phosphorylated forms, was 7-fold higher in nuclear protein extracts from cells treated with BE3 and the S33 targeting sgRNA than in control cells treated with BE3 and an unrelated-sgRNA, consistent with stabilization and enhanced translocation of beta-catenin into the nucleus."

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"Beta-Catenin is phosphorylated at Ser 552 by protein kinase A (PKA), protein kinase B (Akt) and AMPK, which enhances beta-catenin contents and mobilization from the cytoskeleton pool."

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"The presence of strong nuclear beta-catenin expression supports a mutation in the CTNNB1 gene [XREF_BIBR]."

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"SIRT1 was previously proposed to directly deacetylate beta-catenin, which, depending on cell context, may promote or inhibit beta-catenin activity XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR."

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"Considering δ‐catenin could activate β‐catenin and its downstream tumor‐associated signaling pathways to participate in the development of prostate cancer, xref we investigated the effect of δ‐catenin on this pathway in RCC."

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"The sequential phosphorylation of beta-catenin by CK1 at Ser45 and by GSK3beta at Ser33, Ser37, and Thr41 enables the recognition of beta-catenin by beta-transducin repeat containing protein (beta-TrCP), consequently resulting in the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of beta-catenin."

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"So, we next tested whether zymosan induced beta-catenin activation promoted TCF/LEF dependent gene transcription using the TCF/LEF reporter mice and beta-catenin and TCF-responsive reporter strain, Axin2 NLSlacZ."

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"CTNNB1 activating mutations target few serine and threonine amino acids in beta-catenin, residues that are physiologically phosphorylated by the APC, GSK3, and axin complex inducing degradation of beta-catenin by the proteasome."

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"Elevated beta-catenin level and accumulation of beta-catenin in the nucleus could lead to activation of beta-catenin and TCF pathway and its downstream target genes, such as cyclinD1, c-myc, MT-MMP1, urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and matrix metallopeptidase-7 (MMP-7), which have been linked to cancer growth, invasion and metastasis [XREF_BIBR]."

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"These interactions trigger phosphorylation of LRP5/6 and disassembly of a beta-catenin degradation complex, which allows beta-catenin to accumulate in the cytosol and translocate to the nucleus where it functions as a transcriptional co-activator XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR."

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"PAK1 phosphorylates beta-catenin and stimulates beta-catenin nuclear translocation and activation in CRC cells [XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR]."

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"This results in a decrease in the phosphorylation of beta-catenin, which enhances beta-catenin accumulation and activation leading to an arrest in adipogenesis at the early progenitor stage through the blocking of PPARgamma signaling [XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR]."

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"All of the data revealed that overexpression of Klotho decreased the endogenous expression of beta-catenin and inhibited the translocation of beta-catenin from cytoplasm into nucleus."

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"We found that forced expression of FHL2 induced beta-catenin nuclear translocation, whereas knockdown of endogenous FHL2 led to beta-catenin translocate out of the nuclei."

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"Overexpression of AURKA increases the phosphorylation of GSK-3beta at Ser 9 and the nuclear beta-catenin levels, which enhances beta-catenin and TCF transcription activity and the transcription of its downstream target genes including CCND1 and MYC XREF_BIBR."

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"By stimulating PI3K and AKT and Ras and ERK, RET and PTC promotes GSK3beta phosphorylation, thereby reducing GSK3beta mediated N-terminal beta-catenin (Ser33/Ser37/Thr41) phosphorylation."

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"In the nucleus, PKM2 binds to phosphorylated Y333 of beta-catenin and activates beta-catenin XREF_BIBR XREF_BIBR."

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"Because deubiquitination of beta-catenin can stabilize beta-catenin and activate Wnt and beta-catenin signaling, targeting the beta-catenin deubiquitinase may provide a strategy for treating beta-catenin-driven cancers."

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"Lnc-β-Catm is a highly transcribed lncRNA in hepatocellular carcinoma that combines with β-catenin and EZH2 to promote β-catenin methylation and further enhance β-catenin stability."

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"As shown in XREF_FIG, expression of beta-catenin was increased in all EGFR mutant cells at similar levels to A427 cells carrying a beta-catenin stabilizing mutation, compared to cells harboring wild type EGFR."

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"In contrast, when Wnt signaling was activated by various intercellular stimulator, Wnt ligands could activate FZD and LRP targeting APC and Axin, leading to dephosphorylation of GSK-3beta and the recruitment of the cytosolic proteins Dishevelled (Dvl), which inhibit phosphorylation of beta-catenin then cause to beta-catenin accumulate."

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"Additionally, 655-nm red light + LED enhanced the expression of beta-catenin, p-GSK3beta, and Lef1, signaling molecules of the Wnt and beta-catenin pathway, in the hair matrix."

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"The level of beta-catenin increased in the nuclear fraction of N20 cells (XREF_FIG), indicating increased stability of beta-catenin in cells with loss of NEFH."

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"Compressive loading additionally enhanced the mRNA expression levels of the Wnt and beta-catenin signaling pathway component, low density lipoprotein receptor related protein 5, and the protein expression levels of Wnt1, disheveled segment polarity protein-2 (DVL2) and beta-catenin."

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"Our data show that phosphorylation of beta-catenin at T393 increased stability of beta-catenin through decreased affinity to Axin and not through sequestration and protection in the more stable cadherin pool [XREF_BIBR]."

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"The APC protein forms a destruction complex with Axin, glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta) and casein kinase 1 (CK1) which phosphorylates beta-catenin at multiple sites [XREF_BIBR], and targets beta-catenin for ubiquitination and to degradation by the proteasome system [XREF_BIBR]."

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"However, beta-catenin gene expression levels were increased in the presence of LRP5 OE, indicating a disruption in Wnt signalling downstream of beta-catenin."

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"25 It is well documented that beta-catenin is overexpressed and overactivated more than 30% in gastric cancer patients, and targeting beta-catenin signaling is considered to be potentially important f[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

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"When Wnt ligands bind to the membrane coreceptors LRP5/6 and Frizzled, levels of the central effector beta-catenin accumulate in the cytoplasm, allowing beta-catenin to translocate into the nucleus where it binds to TCF/LEF transcription factors and induces Wnt target genes."

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"As shown in XREF_FIG, only the MAPK-Erk inhibitor PD98059 can reduce expression of active beta-catenin in EDA overexpressing CD133 + / CD44 + cells, suggesting a predominant role of MAPK-Erk pathway in mediating EDA induced activation of beta-catenin."

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"The interaction between FHL2 and β-catenin in TECs was increased by TGFβ1, and knockdown of FHL2 increased β-catenin phosphorylation and decreased nuclear localization of β-catenin, β-catenin-mediated transcription and its target genes expression (Cai et al., 2018)."

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"Moreover, tyrosine phosphorylation of beta-catenin has been shown to promote beta-catenin escape from the APC/Axin/GSK3beta mediated destruction and disruption of E-cadherin association and the disassembly of adherens junctions."

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"In an alternative model, phosphorylation of mammalian beta-catenin on tyrosines 142, 489 or 654 have been shown to promote beta-catenin nuclear localization and the activation of Wnt target genes."

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"In addition, RBMS3 can reduce the expression of beta-catenin and c-myc in nucleus pulposus cells, and inhibit the activity of the Wnt and beta-catenin signaling pathway."

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"AXIN2, a direct Wnt target and negative regulator, is known to augment the GSK3beta mediated phosphorylation of beta-catenin by several thousand fold, greatly increasing beta-catenin degradation 39."

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"Reduced phosphorylation of beta-catenin (S552) inhibits beta-catenin activation and nuclear signaling [XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR]."

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"In both cases, acetylated beta-catenin was increased in the nucleus of cells cultured under combined glucose and LiCl treatment, conditions wherein p300 interaction is favored and SIRT1 interaction is[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

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"It suggested that overexpression of hsa-miR-138-2-3p reduced the expression of beta-catenin, further inhibited the activity of Wnt and beta-catenin pathway and reduced the resistance of the laryngeal CSCs to radiation."

eidos
"Studies in 293T cells and in the developing Xenopus embryo in vivo show that phosphorylated Yap inhibits beta-catenin activity directly by sequestering beta-catenin to the cytoplasm ( Imajo , Miyatake , Iimura , Miyamoto , & Nishida , 2012 ) ."

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"At the membrane, tyrosine phosphorylation of beta-catenin at residues Y142, Y489, and Y654 by different kinases including HGF and Met, EGFR, Fer, Src, and others [reviewed in] can induce dissociation of beta-catenin from E-cadherin to dismantle cell-cell junctions and may also lead to activation of beta-catenin signaling in the nuclei."

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"In addition, the present study demonstrated that inhibition of FOXN3 expression enhanced beta-catenin and TCF4 protein expression, thereby activating the beta-catenin signaling pathway."

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"The findings that the downregulation of lzts2 by RNA interference increased NF-kappaB activity, upregulated the levels of beta-catenin, and increased the translocation of beta-catenin into nucleus and[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

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"By contrast, Wnt stimulation abolished GSK-3beta-dependent beta-catenin phosphorylation and induced translocation of beta-catenin into the nucleus, where beta-catenin bound to TCF4 family transcriptio[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

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"We also showed that CENPK was directly bound to SOX6 and disrupted the interactions of CENPK with beta-catenin , which promoted beta-catenin expression and nuclear translocation , facilitated p53 ubiquitination , and led to activation of Wnt / beta-catenin signaling , but suppression of the p53 pathway ."

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"Lithium, a clinically relevant drug commonly prescribed as a mood stabilizer for psychiatric disorders, significantly increased levels of phosphorylated GSK3beta serine 9, an inhibitory phosphorylation site, and decreased beta-catenin ser33/37/thr41 phosphorylation in vitro, indicating GSK3beta inhibition and reduced beta-catenin degradation."

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"Several studies have suggested that p-AKT and p-ERK can induce the phosphorylation of beta-catenin and enhance beta-catenin activity XREF_BIBR - XREF_BIBR."

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"An analysis of the mechanism associated with apatinib activity demonstrated that by interacting with VEGFR2, apatinib decreased p-Src, p-Akt, and p-GSK3beta levels, which further increased beta-catenin ubiquitination and reduced the nuclear translocation of beta-catenin."

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"2-methoxyestradiol induces beta-catenin expression in prostate cancer cells, but blocks beta-catenin degradation, as well as its cytoplasmic or nuclear accumulation, resulting in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis [XREF_BIBR]."

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"As shown in XREF_FIG, TGF-beta1 inhibited the interaction of ubiquitin and beta-catenin, which suppressed the degradation of beta-catenin protein, while PAA treatment contributed to the interaction of ubiquitin and beta-catenin to promote the degradation of beta-catenin protein."

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"In the absence of Wnt signaling, the beta-catenin destruction complex continuously phosphorylates beta-catenin protein at Ser 33, 37, 45 and Thr 41 to target beta-catenin for degradation via an ubiquitin dependent pathway XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR."

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"The instability of Wnt and beta-catenin pathway induced by increased expression of p-beta-catenin resulted in a decreased nuclear accumulation in CD44 silenced K562 cells."

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"Beta-catenin, a central mediator in the Wnt and beta-catenin signalling pathway, is expressed in many solid tumours.7, 8 Nuclear translocation of beta-catenin is considered a marker of pathway activation.9 Previous study has shown strong beta-catenin staining in cervical cancer tissues by immunohistochemistry.2 Here we found that HMQ-T-F2 not only reduced the protein level of beta-catenin but also significantly suppressed the nuclear translocation of beta-catenin, which resulted in decreasing mRNA levels."

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"Gnrh administration increased both Ctnnb1 mRNA expression and protein synthesis, and induced activation of cellular Ctnnb1 via translocation from the gonadotropes cytoplasm to nucleus."

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"Figure XREF_FIG B shows that forced expression of WT-beta-catenin significantly induced TNF-alpha promoter activity (WT-beta-catenin 100ng, 1.13 +/-0.26, P = 0.3801; 300ng, 1.49 +/-0.30, P = 0.0076; 500ng, 1.36 +/-0.30, P = 0.0304)."

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"Moreover, we demonstrate that activation of beta-catenin and Lef -1 signaling by Wnt-1 or by overexpression of beta-catenin itself is inhibited by caveolin-1 expression."

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"The Wnt pathway is important for the early fate decisions taken by the osteochondro-progenitor cell, where high levels of beta-catenin promote the osteoblast lineage and low levels of beta-catenin lead to the chondrocyte lineage XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR."

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"We found that decreased expression of beta-catenin in this manner reduced the transcriptional activity of beta-catenin and TCF and promoted the death of cells."

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"However, expression of Sox1-IRES-GFP suppressed TCF/LEF reporter activity, and coexpression of Sox1-IRES-GFP and beta-catenin not only blocked the stimulatory effects of beta-catenin but also signific[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

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"XREF_BIBR In this study, we found that TFF2 interference inhibited the beta-catenin expression, thereby inhibiting the expression of downstream effector proteins of beta-catenin."

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"Overexpression of beta-catenin in mouse MSCs to activate canonical Wnt and beta-catenin pathway further improved their protective effect against epithelial impairment and therapeutic effects for ARDS in mice [XREF_BIBR]."

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"In the presence of Wnt signaling, the binding of LRP5/6 and FZD inhibits the activity of the Axin complex and the phosphorylation of beta-catenin, allowing beta-catenin to enter the nucleus, and then bind to TEF and TCF to form a complex, which then recruits cofactors to initiate downstream gene expression."

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"Whereas GSK3beta phosphorylation of LRP6 activates Wnt signaling [XREF_BIBR], its phosphorylation of beta-catenin inhibits Wnt signaling by targeting beta-catenin for ubiquitin mediated proteosomal degradation [XREF_BIBR]."

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"Rad6B is also a transcriptional target of beta-catenin XREF_BIBR, thus activating a positive feedback loop between beta-catenin-induced Rad6B gene expression and Rad6 induced beta-catenin stabilization XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR."

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"In the present study, we showed that FAdV-4 infection increased the expression of β-catenin and promoted the nuclear translocation of β-catenin."

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"Overexpression of SOX1 subsequently decreased expression of beta-catenin and suppressed the Wnt and beta-catenin signaling pathway, thereby reversing the malignant phenotype of NPC cells."

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"Overexpression of OLFM4 in 293T cells also decreased endogenous beta-catenin levels and antagonized Wnt3a induced upregulation of beta-catenin in the cytoplasm (XREF_FIG)."

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"We and others previously have shown the LRP6-ICD can function as an effector of the Wnt pathway by attenuating GSK3beta mediated beta-catenin phosphorylation thereby enhancing cytosolic beta-catenin stabilization XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR."

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"Similarly, PKA mediated phosphorylation of beta-catenin at residue serine 675 has been shown to enhance the transcriptional activity of beta-catenin."

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"Figure S5 Involvement of PKA Pathway in S45 Phosphorylation of beta-Catenin (A) Activation of PKA by forskolin increases P-45 beta-catenin."

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"PAK1 also associates with and phosphorylates beta-catenin in CRC cells, and PAK1 knockdown inhibits beta-catenin expression and suppresses the activation of the beta-catenin signal pathway [XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR]."

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"In this cell line, beta-catenin expression led to up-regulation of the canonical Wnt and beta-catenin activity as indicated by increased luciferase activity (XREF_FIG)."

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"As beta-catenin phosphorylation at Ser552 and Ser675 by protein kinase A and/or AKT has been proposed to promote beta-catenin nuclear location and/or transcriptional activity XREF_BIBR - XREF_BIBR, we also analyzed the possibility that these kinases were involved in the effect of VDR knock-down on beta-catenin."

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"Phosphorylation of beta-catenin by GSK3beta in a complex with Axin and Apc is required to target beta-catenin for degradation by the proteasome."

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"Mechanistically, Me6 strongly stimulated the phosphorylation of beta-catenin at the S552 site and increased the transcriptional activity of beta-catenin, a key signaling pathway for ISC self-renewal and proliferation."

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"Our data show that the knockdown of M-cadherin expression by RNA interference (RNAi) in C2C12 myoblasts significantly increases the phosphorylation of beta-catenin at Ser33/37/Thr41 and decreases the protein abundance of ser37 and thr41 unphosphorylated active beta-catenin."

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"Cellular immunofluorescence showed that si-GSK3beta elevated intracellular beta-catenin levels and promoted its nuclear aggregation, whereas p-GSK3beta reduced beta-catenin levels and prevented beta-catenin from translocating into the nucleus (XREF_FIG)."

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"Pharmacologic inhibition of JNK with SP600125 or by expression of dominant negative JNK (JNKDN) decreased the phosphorylation of beta-catenin and induced translocation of both beta-catenin and E-cadherin to the cell surface."

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"Beta-catenin, an upstream protein of TCF4, accumulates in the cytoplasm, then translocates to the nucleus to activate the beta-catenin and T-cell factor and lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF/LEF) transcriptional machinery and regulates target genes."

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"When aberrantly activated, this signaling pathway leads to the accumulation of beta-catenin in the cytoplasm, translocation of beta-catenin to the nucleus to trigger the beta-catenin and T-cell factor and lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF/LEF) transcriptional machinery, and upregulation of target genes, such as those encoding cyclin D1, c-myc, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) -7 [XREF_BIBR]."

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"Phosphorylation of β-catenin at S552 by Akt induces nuclear translocation of β-catenin [37], whereas phosphorylation of β-catenin at T41, S37, and S33 initiates its degradation [36]."

eidos
"CTNNB1 knockdown reduces beta-catenin expression and inhibits proliferation of H295 R cells ."

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"Consistent with LEF1 being a down-steam effector of Wnt signaling, aspirin, but not I3C, down-regulated protein levels of the Wnt co-receptor LDL receptor related protein-6 and beta-catenin and up-regulated the beta-catenin destruction complex component Axin."

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"The results showed that co-expression of STAT3 and HA-beta-catenin increased the binding of endogenous SIAH-1 and HA-beta-catenin (XREF_FIG)."

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"Protein levels of beta-catenin (CTNNB1), insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) and IRS2 were all promoted by PKM2 overexpression (P < 0.01), indicating the activated Wnt and CTNNB1 signaling."

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"The release of nonphosphorylated beta-catenin from the degradation complex promotes the relocalization of the cytoplasmic pool of beta-catenin into the nucleus, where it forms a complex with a specific T-cell factor and lymphoid enhancer factor (Tcf/Lef) for transcriptional activation [XREF_BIBR]."

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"In vitro, knockdown of either NFAT1 or NLK induced β-catenin activation while overexpression of NLK significantly repressed β-catenin induction and largely preserved nephrin in glomerular podocytes."

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"Phosphorylation of beta-catenin at T393 rescues beta-catenin from the destruction complex, effectively stabilizing the protein and contributing to its activation."

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"Additionally, phosphorylation of beta-catenin at Ser552 by Akt enables some beta-catenin to disassociate from cell-cell contacts and accumulate in the nucleus [XREF_BIBR]."

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"The activation of b-catenin without GSK3B inhibition was supported by other reports that phosphorylation of b-catenin at Ser552 through Akt or cAMP dependent protein kinase promotes the transcriptional activity of b-catenin without alteration of b-catenin degradation."

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"AKR1C2 siRNA inhibited the transcriptional expression of beta-catenin and decreased beta-catenin protein stability in QGY7701."

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"Rac1 activates JNK1/2, phosphorylates beta-catenin on Ser191 and Ser605, and subsequently induces the nuclear localization of beta-catenin."

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"To account for observed enhancement of TCF activity induced by increased kinases such as PKA, which phosphorylates beta-catenin and inhibits beta-catenin degradation [XREF_BIBR], the dephosphorylation step is essential."

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"Thus, the LEF-1 and beta-catenin interaction promoted by the combination of glucose and LiCl appears critical for stabilizing p300 interaction and nuclear retention.To test whether beta-catenin acetyl[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

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"Ctnnb1 mRNA in the Dishevelled3 (Dvl3) complex has the ability to resist the degradation of β-catenin and can also stimulate the rapid accumulation of β-catenin in cells."

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"Western blot assays revealed that the miR-26a-5p inhibitor reduced the protein levels of beta-catenin in both A549 and H1299 cells, demonstrating that miR-26a-5p upregulates the expression of beta-catenin and consequently promotes the activation of Wnt and beta-catenin signaling pathway (XREF_FIG)."

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"The downregulation of FGD5-AS1 decreased the expression of β-catenin and inhibited the translocation of β-catenin and the DNA replication, while it promoted apoptosis of the host cells."

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"Moreover, mounting evidence indicates that aberrant activation of the WNT and beta-catenin signaling pathway may be involved in OSCC development and progression.28, 29 Our data suggested that knockdown of UCA1 inhibited beta-catenin expression and reversed the activation level of the WNT and beta-catenin signaling pathway."

reach
"Furthermore, Hmox1 increased total beta-catenin protein level, and promoted the nuclear translocation of beta-catenin in C3H10T1/2 cells."

reach
"Most of this cytoplasmic beta-catenin is phosphorylated by glycogen synthase kinase (GSK), which targets beta-catenin for ubiquitin mediated degradation."

reach
"In general, up-regulated FOXG1 is closely related to with the expression of beta-catenin and TCF4, which in turn activates the Wnt and beta-catenin signaling pathway to enhance the metastasis of HCC cells."

sparser
"Adenomas were classified according to the genotype of the tumors, such as the finding of mutations in HNF1A , in CTNNB1 -activating β-catenin and/or in the interleukin-6 transducer of signal ( IL6ST ) activating gp130 ( xref xref xref xref – xref )."

reach
"The acetylation of Lys345 on beta-catenin by p300 increased the affinity of beta-catenin for TCF4 [XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"Tyrosine phosphorylation of beta-catenin, as occurs after calcium administration to keratinocytes, promotes the binding of beta-catenin and other catenins to the adherens junction complex making it less available for transcriptional activity."

reach
"Furthermore, we found that FGFR1 can inhibit the expression of β-catenin and decrease the activity of β-catenin signaling."

reach
"It is also important to mention that the phosphorylation of the beta-catenin in the Ser552 by AKT may increase beta-catenin and TCF-LEF activation possibly by association with histone acetylase [XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"Conversely, at 3 and 6 h of ANP treatment, beta-catenin mRNA resulted unmodified or down-regulated, indicating that the high levels of the total protein concomitantly recorded by WB were actually due to a reduction of beta-catenin degradation induced by the natriuretic peptide, rather than to a decrease transcription of beta-catenin gene."

reach
"Binding of Wnt ligand to its coreceptors Frizzled (Fz) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor related protein (LRP) 5/6 activates disheveled (Dvl), which then inhibits GSK-3beta-mediated phosphory[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"Besides, we revealed that miR-200a and CDC7 axis can decrease the expression of beta-Catenin, Cyclin D1 and C-Myc as well as the phosphorylation of GSK-3beta, thus inhibiting the Wnt and beta-catenin signaling pathway."

reach
"As shown in XREF_FIG A, E-cadherin overexpression in epithelial FosER cells caused a significant (< = 50%) reduction of endogenous beta-catenin and LEF -1 activity, but coexpression of ectopic beta-catenin or LEF-1 or TCF-3 rescued or even increased beta-catenin activity compared with the control."

reach
"Hence, discovering effective inhibitors targeting β-catenin stabilization and downstream signaling could be of high importance.Previously, we have reported that the flavonoid galangin effectively inhibits β-catenin response transcription (CRT) by promoting β-catenin degradation in colon cancer cell lines [11], and new 4,9-friedodrimane-type sesquiterpenoids, isolated from a marine sponge, suppress β-catenin expression and exhibit cytotoxic activity in colon cancer cells [12]."

reach
"The downregulation of FGD5-AS1 reduced the expression of β-catenin, promoted the apoptosis, and inhibited the translocation of β-catenin and DNA replication of Ct-infected cells at 12 hpi."

reach
"Our findings suggested that the therapeutic mechanisms of WPX in treating GPL might be related with its inhibitory effects on the expressions of Lgr5, MMP-7, Wnt1, beta-catenin and the aberrant activation of Wnt and beta-catenin pathway."

reach
"Phosphorylation of beta-catenin on tyrosine 667 increases beta-catenin turnover."

reach
"CAF-derived periostin is highly likely to bind to PTK7 on the cancer cell membrane and transduces signals to disheveled protein through the cell surface receptor LRP6; this induces the phosphorylation of GSK-3β and the hypophosphorylation of β-catenin, which causes β-catenin to translocate into the nucleus, suggesting that the periostin-PTK7 axis activates the canonical Wnt signaling pathway [94]."

reach
"Upon binding of Wnt, phosphorylation of beta-catenin is blocked and allows beta-catenin to dissociate from the destruction complex."

reach
"These observations show that GEN-27 inhibits p65 nuclear translocation, which leads to the increased expression of CDX2, APC, AXIN2 and p-beta-catenin (S37), decreased nuclear translocation of beta-catenin, resulting in the down-regulation of beta-catenin target genes."

reach
"In human iPSC-derived neuronal cells, HDAC6 inhibitors facilitate β-catenin acetylation at Lys and phosphorylation at Ser , and Lys acetylation of β-catenin results in decreased ubiquitination of β-catenin but increased membrane localization of β-catenin (Iaconelli et al., 2015)."

reach
"Thus, specifically in the context of mFz4 and LRP5 expression, Wnt5a is unable to inhibit Wnt3a mediated beta-catenin signaling and instead induces beta-catenin accumulation and STF reporter activation."

reach
"CT99021 was used to restore β-catenin expression in CCR2-silencing regR cells, while si-RNA was used to knockdown β-catenin in CCR2-overexpressiong CRC cells."

reach
"First applying SIAH-1 knockdown and overexpression, we showed that SIAH-1 down-regulated beta-catenin protein levels and promoted beta-catenin degradation in the chosen cell system."

reach
"Increased beta-catenin level in intestinal cells leads to activation of Wnt and beta-catenin signaling, followed by occurrence of colon cancer, which was demonstrated by APC mutation mouse model [XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"Moreover, knockdown of Fascin up-regulated the expression of beta-catenin on the plasma membrane fraction (a relative increase) and down-regulated the nuclear localization of beta-catenin in the QBC939 cells."

reach
"These data show that the knockdown of M-cadherin expression by RNA interference (RNAi) in C2C12 myoblasts significantly increased the phosphorylation of beta-catenin at Ser33/37/Thr41 and decreased the protein abundance of ser37 and thr41 unphosphorylated active beta-catenin."

reach
"To assess whether the mechanical loading induced dephosphorylation of beta-catenin and consequent activation of beta-catenin signaling pathway are due to activation of FAK, PDL cells were pre-treated [MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"We also showed that downregulation of gamma-catenin suppressed the phosphorylation of STAT5, promoted the phosphorylation of beta-catenin and reduced the translocation of beta-catenin into the nucleus, although there were no effects on the total level of beta-catenin expression in the whole cells."

reach
"LncRNA-MALAT1 increased levels of beta-catenin in nuclear and activated the Wnt and beta-catenin signaling pathway to exert oncogenic effects in colorectal cancer."

reach
"This resulted in a decrease in the phosphorylation of betacatenin, which enhanced beta-catenin accumulation and activation leading to an arrest in adipogenesis at the early progenitor stage through the blocking of PPARgamma signaling [XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"Indeed, phosphorylation of β-catenin by PKA may enhance transcriptional activity by promoting β-catenin stability [53]."

reach
"The loss of soluble beta-catenin inhibits the activation of downstream beta-catenin dependent target genes XREF_BIBR."

reach
"Although a previous report proposed that cross talk between the PI3K and WNT and beta-catenin pathways might be prohibited and WNT and beta-catenin-mediated transcriptional activity was not modulated by the activation of the PI3K and Akt pathway XREF_BIBR, our results showed that the oxidation resistant mutant of PTEN, PTEN-C71S, but not wild-type PTEN, as well as PI3K and Akt inhibitor and NAC treatment, reversed AIF knockdown induced expressions of WNT and beta-catenin signaling target genes, supporting that AIF regulates beta-catenin signaling through PTEN-PI3K and Akt pathway."

eidos
"We found that CTNNB1 knockdown reduced beta-catenin expression and inhibited proliferation of H295 R cells ."

reach
"Notably, knockout of SIRT2 increased beta-catenin acetylation (XREF_FIG D, bottom panel), which stabilizes beta-catenin and enhances beta-catenin signaling, XREF_BIBR suggesting that SIRT2 inhibits beta-catenin through regulation of beta-catenin deacetylation."

reach
"Beta-catenin phosphorylation results in the targeting of beta-catenin for degradation by the proteasome."

reach
"These data indicate that EtOH not only may inhibit beta-catenin transcription but also may promotes beta-catenin cytoplasmic degradation through dephosphorylation of GSK-3beta."

reach
"Biejiajian Pills can effectively inhibit the invasiveness and migration of hepatocellular carcinoma cells, which is closely related to decreased expressions of beta-catenin and DKK-1 to cause block of the Wnt and beta-catenin signal pathway."

reach
"There was a significant overexpression of nuclear beta-catenin at the tumor invasion front (P < 0.001)."

reach
"Furthermore, increasing levels of hyperphosphorylated tau was correlated with diminished levels of phospho-beta-catenin and increased levels of nuclear beta-catenin."

reach
"Pretreatment with PP2 abrogated this OA induced tyrosine phosphorylation of p120 catenin and beta-catenin and restored the association of N-cadherin with p120 catenin and that of beta-catenin with alpha-catenin."

reach
"Transient overexpression of Wnt-1 or beta-catenin in FRTL-5 cells increased active beta-catenin (ABC), decreased thyroperoxidase (TPO) mRNA, and suppressed TPO-promoter activity."

reach
"The N-terminal phosphorylation of GSK-3beta, phosphorylation of beta-catenin at S552 and S675, and the induction of KLF5 collectively activate beta-catenin."

reach
"We also found that these opposing effects on Wnt activation can be explained by the finding that HIF-1alpha depletion not only decreases the beta-catenin protein levels in cells and decreases the nuclear beta-catenin levels but also induces the sequestration of beta-catenin at the cell membrane by E-cadherin."

reach
"Additionally, we monitored beta- catenin phosphorylation at a c-terminal serine residue (serine 552) known to promote beta-catenin transcriptional activity 23."

reach
"In the first model, PP2A mediated dephosphorylation of the APC 20R region was proposed to mark the end of a destruction complex cycle, allowing phosphorylated beta-catenin to leave the complex and so initiate a new round of beta-catenin modifications (Xu and Kimelman, 2007)."

reach
"These results demonstrate that the phosphorylation of beta-catenin on tyrosine 667 enhances beta-catenin turnover at the plasma membrane and is necessary for multicellular rosette formation and axis elongation in Drosophila."

reach
"Dishevelled, possibly through activation of protein kinase C (PKC), inhibits GSK-3beta, which is constitutively active in resting cells 10; GSK-3alpha appears not to be a component of the Wnt-1 signal[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"These results suggest that alpha-defensins induce the dephosphorylation of beta-catenin and cause beta-catenin accumulation in the nuclei of HFL-1 lung fibroblasts."

reach
"Our data demonstrated that miR-195 overexpression increased beta-catenin phosphorylation, decreased nuclear beta-catenin amount, and thus, suppressed the Wnt and beta-catenin signaling in PTC."

reach
"Acetylation of beta-catenin induces its association with the plasma membrane 228 and modulates beta-catenin activity towards specific genes XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR."

reach
"Phosphorylation of beta-catenin by AKT promotes beta-catenin transcriptional activity."

reach
"This suggests that PAK2 affects the activation of beta-catenin but not the expression of beta-catenin."

reach
"Further, this Wnt pathway description has recently been challenged by evidence of APC independent beta-catenin degradation [XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR], APC associated phosphorylation of beta-catenin independent of Axin (and surprisingly mediated by beta-catenin itself) [XREF_BIBR], Wnt activation of different phospho-forms of beta-catenin [XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR] and beta-catenin ubiquitination [XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"Studies have reported that sulindac can reduce nuclear beta-catenin levels and induce beta-catenin degradation, which could explain its antiproliferative and pro apoptotic activity."

reach
"In OC, we also found that Lin28A can stabilize the expression of beta-catenin by inhibiting its degradation in ROCK2 dependant manner, in addition, Lin28A can also promote its protein synthesis and increase the nucleus translocation of beta-catenin."

reach
"SBSN-2 in ESCC cell lines increased the activity of WNT and beta-catenin signalling pathway, which resulted in TCF/LEF transcriptional activity, nuclear translocation and reduced phosphorylation of WNT and beta-catenin, and increased transcript levels of WNT / beta-catenin signalling regulated genes such as AXIN2, MYC, CCND1, FRA1, MMP7 and JUN.."

sparser
"Indeed, pharmacologic inhibition of GSK3 activity can lead to β-catenin stabilization and activation of β-catenin and TCF-dependent gene transcription xref – xref ."

sparser
"Densitometric analysis of inactive to total β-catenin ratio suggested activation of β-catenin was higher in HNF4α-KO mice at 1 and 2 days post-PH ( xref )."

reach
"miR-140-3p overexpression was also found to attenuate cisplatin resistance and reduce stem cell like properties in LUAD cells by suppressing Wnt and beta-catenin signaling, all of which were reversed by the overexpression of beta-catenin."

reach
"Acetylation of beta-catenin by PCAF has been proposed to inhibit ubiquitin dependent degradation of beta-catenin and increase its nuclear accumulation and transcriptional activity."

reach
"In addition, phosphorylation of beta-catenin at S675 by cAMP dependent kinase activates beta-catenin XREF_BIBR."

reach
"Similarly, co-expression of beta-catenin enhanced beta-catenin and Tcf activity in 22Rv1 cells (XREF_FIG), but had no effect on sFRP1 repression of AR activity (XREF_FIG)."

reach
"VP1 protein inhibited Wnt and beta-catenin signaling pathway by downregulating p-GSK3beta (Ser9)/GSK3beta and beta-catenin protein levels in ST cells, inactivated the TCF/LEF promoter, and prevented beta-catenin from entering into nucleus."

reach
"Beta-Catenin is phosphorylated at Ser 552 and Ser 675 by protein kinase A (PKA), protein kinase B (Akt) and AMPK, which enhances beta-catenin contents and mobilization from the cytoskeleton pool."

reach
"Our results further demonstrated that silencing of SNHG1 inhibited beta-catenin expression and suppressed the activation level of the WNT and beta-catenin signaling pathway."

reach
"Our data suggested that overexpression of CASC2 inhibited beta-catenin expression and reversed the activation level of the Wnt and beta-catenin signaling pathway."

reach
"In different models, exogenous expression of beta-catenin causes stabilization of endogenous cytosolic beta-catenin, which leads to increase in beta-catenin-specific gene transactivation [XREF_BIBR; XREF_BIBR; XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"Studies have also reported that P300 can acetylate beta-catenin to enhance the transcription of beta-catenin and promote the combination of beta-catenin with transcription factor 4 (TCF4), resulting in activating the Wnt and beta-catenin signaling pathway [XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"UBE3C up-regulates beta-catenin protein levels and promotes beta-catenin nuclear accumulation."

sparser
"These findings indicate that ERG is required for Ang1-dependent β-catenin activation and recruitment of β-catenin at the Dll4 locus."

reach
"UBE3C up-regulated beta-catenin protein levels and promoted beta-catenin nuclear accumulation, leading to the activation of the Wnt and beta-catenin signal pathway in RCC cells."

reach
"Since phosphorylation at Ser 552 and Ser 675 may drive the translocation of beta-catenin from the plasma membrane to the nuclear compartment [18,19], we tested if CaSR induced decrease in beta-catenin[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"Our study showed that p120ctn isoform 1 could up-regulate the expression of beta-catenin, especially increasing the active form of beta-catenin, while isoform 3 could interact with Kaiso."

reach
"Our observation of the overexpression of beta-catenin in pancreatic cancer supports an oncogenic role of beta-catenin in pancreatic cancer."

reach
"In vitro, BBR upregulated the expression of β-catenin and enhanced β-catenin entering the nucleus to activate downstream gene expression related to osteogenesis."

reach
"More specifically, p38 inhibits the phosphorylating capacity of GSK-3beta, which participates in the degradation of beta-catenin by phosphorylating the Ser33/37 and Thr42 residues of beta-catenin [XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"Moreover, the level of CTNNB1, mTOR, and AREG was also increased by 3-, 6-, and 1.4-times in NASH and fibrotic liver tissue, suggesting activation of the Wnt and beta-catenin, mTOR, and EGF signaling pathways at the preneoplastic stage of hepatocarcinogenesis."

reach
"Beta-catenin or Gli1 siRNA was used to reduce beta-catenin or Gli1 levels and thereby inhibited Wnt and beta-catenin or Hedgehog and Gli1 pathway in DLD1 cells."

reach
"In this study, we found that Wnt5a inhibited the Wnt and beta-catenin pathway by promoting beta-catenin phosphorylation and degradation, thereby preventing the pathogenic role of the Wnt and beta-catenin pathway in RPE cells."

reach
"GSK-3beta controls beta-catenin function as GSK-3beta-mediated phosphorylation of beta-catenin in the cytoplasm targets beta-catenin for degradation by the proteasome [XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"In this complex GSK-3beta phosphorylates beta-catenin, inducing its ubiquitination and rapid proteosomal degradation, so preventing beta-catenin signalling [XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"Overexpression of β-catenin and LiCl treatment stimulated the accumulation of β-catenin in the nucleus, and then facilitated FAdV-4 replication."

reach
"SR8278 inhibited Ctnnb1 phosphorylation at Ser37, a casein kinase 1 binding site that promotes Ctnnb1 proteasomal degradation and suppresses Wnt transcriptional activity XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR."

reach
"As a competing endogenous RNA, LncRNA H19 sponges rno-miR-138-5p and rno-miR-141-3p enhance the expression of PTK2 and beta-catenin and upregulate the FAK/PDK1/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and beta-catenin target genes (c-Myc and cyclin D1), while inhibiting autophagy and promoting proliferation."

reach
"GSK-3 phosphorylates specific residues in the amino terminus of beta-catenin, thereby targeting beta-catenin for degradation via ubiquitination."

reach
"Phosphorylation of beta-catenin by protein kinases in this complex stimulates recognition and destruction of beta-catenin by the proteasome [4], ensuring low intracellular levels of " free " beta-cate[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"Ablation of the N-cadherin gene (Cdh2) in primary osteogenic lineage cells resulted in increased Lrp6 and PTHR1 interaction in response to PTH 1-34, associated with enhanced PTH induced PKA signaling and PKA dependent beta-catenin C-terminus phosphorylation, which promotes beta-catenin transcriptional activity."

reach
"Moreover, knockdown of USP20 increases beta-catenin polyubiquitination, which enhances beta-catenin turnover and cell sensitivity to chemotherapy."

reach
"We therefore assume that injury mediated activation and inhibition of these kinases initiates beta-catenin transcription, which in turn activates beta-catenin target genes including Wnt3 that are all crucial for the later patterning process."

reach
"Sox genes are highly conserved and suppress beta-catenin expression thereby inhibiting the Wnt and beta-catenin signaling pathway [XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"Members of the Dsh and Dvl family interact with the Frizzled/LRP6/Go proteins at the membrane [XREF_BIBR] and in combination with a multiprotein complex are responsible for the inhibition of phosphorylation of beta-catenin, which targets beta-catenin for degradation [XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"Wnt ligand binding to Frizzled and LRP receptors recruits Dishevelled to prevent the APC/Axin/GSK3beta mediated phosphorylation, ubiquitination and destruction of beta-catenin, allowing beta-catenin to accumulate and enter the nucleus to regulate specific gene activity."

reach
"It is important to note that we detected beta-catenin expression at transcriptional level, which is not sufficient to discern between membrane bound and activated beta-catenin."

reach
"Phosphorylation of beta-catenin at Ser552 by AKT increases the translocation of beta-catenin to nucleus, thereby activating its transcriptional activity to affect betacatenin downstream targets involved in cell proliferation."

reach
"Phosphorylation of a conserved tyrosine residue of beta-catenin (tyrosine 654 of mouse beta-catenin; XREF_FIG A) can induce beta-catenin to dissociate from cadherin, hence resulting in a decrease of adhesion."

reach
"Dynamic transcriptional activation of the beta-catenin promoter results in increased nuclear beta-catenin levels where it interacts with the TCF/LEF transcription factors and activates the beta-catenin : TCF target genes [XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"Since we did not locate partial breakdown fragments of beta-catenin at any time point, we examined three possibilities that may lead to reduced beta-catenin protein expression such as, increase in the proteasomal degradation process, the inhibition of mRNA expression of beta-catenin, and finally, caspase mediated degradation of beta-catenin."

reach
"Consistent with reports that p38 suppresses breast cancer cell early dissemination by inhibiting beta-catenin activation [XREF_BIBR], Tpl2 overexpression reduced the levels of activated beta-catenin (XREF_SUPPLEMENTARY) and promoted translocation of beta-catenin from nuclei to cell surface (XREF_SUPPLEMENTARY), while the Tpl2 shRNAs had opposite effects (XREF_SUPPLEMENTARY - XREF_SUPPLEMENTARY), in MCF-10A and MCF-10A-Her2 cells."

reach
"Wnt signals cause the recruitment of dishevelled protein to block GSK3beta mediated phosphorylation of beta-catenin and prevent the constitutive destruction of cytosolic beta-catenin."

reach
"38,39 Normal beta-catenin degradation is promoted by the APC tumor suppressor protein, which in conjunction with glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta) and AXIN, promotes phosphorylation of beta-c[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"After stimulation by C5a, intracellular C5aR1 assembles a complex with KCTD5/cullin3/Roc-1 and β-catenin to promote the switch of polyubiquitination of β-catenin from K48 to K63, which enhances β-catenin stability."

reach
"The serine/threonine kinase glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta) recognizes beta-catenin complexed to APC, and GSK-3beta-mediated phosphorylation of beta-catenin subsequently targets beta-cateni[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"The downregulation of FGD5-AS1 decreased the expression of beta-catenin and inhibited the translocation of beta-catenin and the DNA replication, while it promoted apoptosis of the host cells."

reach
"The role of Gsk-3 is to directly phosphorylate beta-catenin, which targets beta-catenin for ubiquitin mediated degradation, keeping the Wnt pathway inactive."

reach
"In the absence of Wnt ligands, GSK-3, the transcriptional co-activator beta-catenin, and the tumor suppressor adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) bind directly to the scaffolding protein Axin in a complex that facilitates phosphorylation of beta-catenin by GSK-3, which targets beta-catenin for proteasome dependent degradation."

reach
"GSK3 phosphorylates beta-catenin in the complex, which causes the binding of factors involved in the ubiquitination of beta-catenin, targeting beta-catenin for degradation by proteasomes."

reach
"Thus, ectopic expression of beta-catenin causes an unsuspected accumulation of endogenous beta-catenin in nuclei, similar to overexpression of activators of the Wnt pathway."

reach
"However, it has been also shown that elevation of cAMP increases beta-catenin, which is mediated by PKA dependent beta-catenin phosphorylation at Ser675 [XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"Specifically, phosphorylation of beta-catenin at its tyrosine 654 residue has been shown to activate Wnt and beta-catenin signaling and promote intestinal tumorigenesis [XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"A wealth of data has revealed that SIRT1 deacetylates β-catenin and promotes the nuclear translocation of β-catenin and thereby causing the proliferation of cells in various cancers ."

reach
"In the canonical Wnt pathway 23, the Wnt ligand brings together a Frizzled receptor and an LRP co-receptor, which represses beta-catenin phosphorylation and increases beta-catenin protein stability, allowing it to translocate to the nucleus where it functions as a transcriptional co-activator of the TCF/LEF family."

reach
"Further investigations demonstrated that Ucn1 phosphorylated beta-catenin at Ser552 to disrupt the cadherin and catenin complex and hence promote the disassociation of beta-catenin and VE-cadherin."

reach
"The activity of Ca 2+ / calmodulin dependent protein kinase (CaMKII), a transducer of the non canonical Wnt/Ca 2+ signaling, increased by 8 fold in cancer cells; no change was observed in beta-catenin expression, known to activate the canonical Wnt and beta-catenin pathway."

reach
"We observed that G-17 not only enhanced the expression of total cellular beta-catenin, but also increased nuclear beta-catenin accumulation and beta-catenin-dependent LEF-1 activity."

reach
"When Wnt signals are absent, GSK3beta is no longer silenced and it phosphorylates beta-catenin, targeting beta-catenin for ubiquitination and proteosomal destruction."

reach
"Src induced phosphorylation of beta-catenin was proposed to cause beta-catenin dissociation from E-cadherin and subsequent nuclear activity whether upon mechanical cues, or stimulation by HGF."

reach
"And that, the co-treatment of L-TP and HG could obviously decrease the high protein expression levels of Wnt3alpha and beta-catenin induced by HG in podocytes, and inhibit Wnt3alpha and beta-catenin signaling pathway activation."

reach
"Subsequently, axin mediated beta-catenin phosphorylation and degradation is inhibited, allowing accumulation of beta-catenin."

sparser
"Recently, we and others have demonstrated that the anti-adipogenic action of TNF α also involves β -catenin stabilization and activation of Wnt/ β -catenin target genes [ xref , xref ]."

reach
"It has been recently reported that oncogenic point mutants of RET (2A-RET and 2B-RET), which are associated with medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), phosphorylate beta-catenin on Y654 thereby promoting beta-catenin escape from APC/Axin/GSK3beta mediated destruction."

eidos
"As a result of increasing beta-catenin levels , beta-catenin is free to associate with TCF / LEF DNA binding partners , activating Wnt target gene transcription ( Mosimann et al ., 2009 ) ."

reach
"The acetylation of lysine 49 (K49Ac) of beta-CATENIN, mediated by CBP, can be substituted by trimethylation (beta-catMe3) on K49 by EZH2 in embryonic stem cells (ESC), causing beta-CATENIN to function as a transcriptional co-repressor."

reach
"Loss of membrane or cytoplasmic JUP activates EGFR, which induces phosphorylation of AKT and GSK3beta to inhibit phosphorylation of beta-catenin, thus induces nuclear localization of beta-catenin and promotes EMT of GC cells to acquire an advanced invasion potential."

reach
"The present study indicated that SNHG20 knockdown suppressed beta-catenin expression and reversed the activation level of the Wnt and beta-catenin signaling pathway."

reach
"XREF_BIBR - XREF_BIBR Conversely, glycogen synthase kinase 3beta activation phosphorylates beta-catenin and axin to target beta-catenin for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation."

reach
"SNF2H promotes the growth of HCC cells by activating the Wnt and beta-catenin pathway, which increases beta-catenin protein levels and enhances the nuclear accumulation beta-catenin."

reach
"The decreased intracellular level of beta-catenin induces the reduction of nuclear beta-catenin, which then results in the attenuation of TCF/LEF activity and subsequent down-regulation of cyclin D1 and fibronectin."

reach
"Phosphorylation of beta-catenin normally targets beta-catenin for degradation."

reach
"The activating mutation or overexpression of CTNNB1 leads to the activation of Wnt and beta-catenin pathway and is associated with tumorigenesis of ACC 8."

reach
"Β-catenin in the nucleus was significantly decreased by 10 μM DAC, 20 μM curcumin, and a combination of both, 5 μM DAC and 20 μM curcumin reducing the protein expression of β-catenin by more than half (Fig. 6)."

reach
"GSK-3beta can phosphorylate beta-catenin, which induces beta-catenin for ubiquitination and degradation."

eidos
"Our results showed that CTNNB1 knockdown decreased expression of beta-catenin and inhibited proliferation of H295 R cells ."

reach
"Second, the phosphorylation of Ser 33 / Ser 37 / Thr 41 of beta-catenin that targets beta-catenin for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation [XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR] is therefore interfering with the maintenance of a functional endothelial cell barrier."

reach
"In addition, phosphorylation of beta-catenin at Ser675 by PKA attenuates beta-catenin degradation, stabilizing beta-catenin and enhancing TCF activity in the cells investigated [XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"Introduction of full-length APC into these cells substantially reduces beta-catenin levels and down-regulates beta-catenin and Tcf-4-mediated transcriptional activity."

reach
"In ovarian cancer, Wnt and beta-catenin signaling might be activated by increased expression of beta-catenin and glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta), mutations of catenin beta 1 (CTNNB1) gene, and so on [XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"Recent studies have shown that high expression and activation of beta-catenin in M2-type macrophages induced by IL-4, and Wnt ligands secreted by HCC could activate Wnt and beta-catenin signalling in macrophages and induce M2 like TAMs development [XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"Furthermore, coexpression of beta-catenin or lymphoid enhancer binding factor-1 or T cell factor 3 with E-cadherin rescued beta-catenin transcriptional activity and counteracted E-cadherin-mediated cell cycle arrest."

reach
"The direct phosphorylation of beta-catenin by Akt on serine 552 (Ser552), a site distinct from that targeted by GSK3-beta, promotes the transcriptional activity of beta-catenin."

reach
"TGF-beta1 promoted beta-catenin expression and also increased the stability of beta-catenin protein through ERK1/2/glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta) axis in cultured HSCs."

reach
"PAK1 is also required for activation of the beta-catenin signaling pathway in CRC cells, as PAK1 knockdown reduced beta-catenin expression and inhibited the transcriptional activity of beta-catenin and TCF4."

reach
"Moreover, Sirt-1 enables the deacetylation of beta-catenin and promotes nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin, which acts as a transcription factor of osteogenic genes [XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"Moreover, knockdown of beta-catenin expression by shRNA decreased beta-catenin Super8XTOPFlash reporter activity in both Wnt1 and Wnt1 and Rspo2 transfectants (XREF_SUPPLEMENTARY)."

reach
"In addition to promoting interactions with cadherin, phosphorylation of beta-catenin by Xgsk-3 or other intracellular kinases may also modulate the association of beta-catenin with other protein partners, thereby regulating both beta-catenin function and its subcellular distribution."

reach
"In addition, overexpression of beta-catenin led to activation of the Wnt and beta-catenin signaling pathway in HCC827/ER/pLV-LHX 6 cells (P < 0.05), and higher beta-catenin expression was determined in HCC827/ER/pLV-LHX 6/pLV-CNTTB 1 cells than in HCC827/ER/pLV-LHX 6 cells (XREF_FIG and XREF_FIG)."

reach
"Phosphorylated Akt triggers a network that positively regulates G 1 / S cell cycle progression through inactivation of Gsk3beta XREF_BIBR, direct phosphorylation of beta-catenin at Ser552, which enhances beta-catenin nuclear accumulation XREF_BIBR and increased beta-catenin-TCF and Lef transcriptional activity XREF_BIBR."

reach
"Our finding of integrin dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of Y654-beta-catenin is important because phosphorylation of beta-catenin at Y654 is known to promote both dissociation of beta-catenin from E-cadherin and stabilization of beta-catenin from ubiquitination and degradation."

reach
"We next examined whether this LGR5 and PKA axis could activate or increase the sensitivity of beta-catenin to the downstream signaling mediated by Wnt, as Brudvik et al. have reported that PKA can catalyze the phosphorylation of beta-catenin at Ser552 and Ser675, which activates beta-catenin in human colon cancer cells in vitro [XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"Since GSK3 is a kinase within the beta-catenin destruction complex, which could phosphorylate Axin bound beta-catenin and the phosphorylated beta-catenin is then ubiquitinated and targeted for rapid destruction by the proteasome, preventing activation of beta-catenin target genes XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR, GSK3 can act as a negative regulator of beta-catenin."

reach
"It has been shown that overexpression of beta-catenin, using a beta-catenin activator or in APC knockout mice, leads to the dedifferentiation of chondrocytes [XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"Dephosphorylation of β-catenin triggers the cytoplasmic accumulation of β-catenin and promotes the downstream signaling induced by WNTs (10)."

reach
"The Glycogen synthase kinase 3-beta (GSK-3beta) may inhibit the translation of beta-catenin in Wnt and beta-catenin pathway by phosphorylation and degradation of beta-catenin XREF_BIBR, and the GSK-3beta is negatively regulated by AKT2 XREF_BIBR."

reach
"It was previously well documented that Axin2, a beta-catenin and TCF signaling target molecule, could enhance the phosphorylation of beta-catenin and induce proteasomal degradation of beta-catenin, fo[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"In the present study, we demonstrated, for the first time, that CHI3L1 also activates the Wnt and beta-catenin signaling pathway by phosphorylating beta-catenin at both Ser552 and Ser675, which in turn induces beta-catenin accumulation in the nucleus and increases its transcriptional activity."

reach
"Jak3 is also reported to facilitate the differentiation of colonic mucosa through additional mechanisms involving beta-catenin-mediated adherens junction (AJ) formation where Jak3 activation promotes beta-catenin phosphorylation at Tyr654 which in turn allows beta-catenin to interact with E-cadherin."

reach
"Overall, WDR74 induced beta-catenin translocation to the nucleus and activated the Wnt/beta-Catenin, thus facilitated CRC cell proliferation and metastasis."

reach
"This suggests that hMYH9- or Myh9 mediated Ctnnb1 transcription and Tff1 KO mediated beta-catenin nuclear translocation synergistically promoted GC progression by increasing Wnt and beta-catenin signaling activation in these transgenic mice."

reach
"Protein transduction domain (PTD)-DBM induces expression of beta-catenin, alpha-SMA, and collagen I. To activate the Wnt and beta-catenin pathway by disrupting the negative feedback regulation of CXXC5, we used competitor peptides that interfere with the CXXC5-Dvl interaction."

reach
"Signaling pathways involving proteins of the Wnt family of secreted protein ligands and the adherens junction component and transcription cofactor, β-catenin (a product of the CTNNB1 gene), play significant roles in cancer metastasis and other oncogenic processes."
| PMC

reach
"MiR-132 agomir and/or pGPH1-beta-catenin transfection significantly reduced beta-catenin expression, downregulated Wnt and beta-catenin signaling pathway activity, declined Osterix level, weakened ALP expression and activity, and attenuated OB differentiation of UC-MSCs."

reach
"Overall, these results support the conclusion that MYH9 mediated CTNNB1 expression increases canonical Wnt and beta-catenin signaling activation in GC cells."

reach
"To further validate that beta-catenin serves as miR-885-5p binding target, it was determined whether or not miR-885-5p-mediated suppression of beta-catenin expression indeed suppressed beta-catenin transcriptional activity."

reach
"While the role of phosphorylation in beta-catenin signaling has been extensively studied in the context of GSK3 dependent regulation of the destruction complex to regulate beta-catenin stability in the cytoplasm, converging evidence indicates that beta-catenin phosphorylation at other non GSK3 target residues can enhance beta-catenin activity."

reach
"Conversely, knockdown of FZD8 augmented beta-catenin phosphorylation levels, decreased the stability of beta-catenin, and subsequently inhibited beta-catenin nuclear translocation and TOP and FOP luci[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"In epithelial cells, the SIRT1 deacetylation of beta-catenin causes the release of beta-catenin from the nucleus [XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"In physiological conditions, tyrosine phosphorylation of beta-catenin leads to dissociation of beta-catenin from beta-catenin/alpha-catenin/E-cadherin complexes, its stabilization with subsequent nuclear translocation, and finally increased transactivation of beta-catenin."

reach
"Major et al. demonstrated that APC membrane recruitment 1 (Amer1), also known as WTX (Wilms ' tumor suppressor X chromosome), formed a complex with beta-catenin and APC (adenomatous polyposis coli) to promote beta-catenin ubiquitination and degradation, which antagonized the Wnt and beta-catenin signaling pathway [XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"The in vitro and in vivo study conducted by Lee et al. suggest that there was an overexpression of cytoplasmic and nuclear beta-catenin in tumor cells extracted from primary HNC tissues, and the overexpression enhanced proliferation of HNC cells [XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"Furthermore, PDIA6 downregulation reduced the protein expression of beta-catenin, cyclin D1, and c-Myc and thus suppressed the Wnt and beta-catenin signaling pathway."

reach
"Phosphorylation promotes beta-catenin degradation resulting in low basal levels of cytosolic beta-catenin thus preventing beta-catenin nuclear translocation and activation of the Wnt responsive transcription factor TCF/LEF -1 XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR."

reach
"These results indicate that the phosphorylation of a single tyrosine 667 in beta-catenin is sufficient to increase beta-catenin dynamics in intercalating cells."

reach
"In addition, PDIA6 downregulation reduced the protein expression of beta-catenin, cyclin D1, and c-Myc, thus suppressing the Wnt and beta-catenin signaling pathway."

reach
"Taken together, these data suggest that UBE3C can up-regulate beta-catenin protein level and promote beta-catenin nuclear accumulation in RCC cells."

reach
"Our study indicated that up-regulation of DSP in GC cells decreased the expression of nuclear beta-catenin, thus suppressing the activation of the Wnt and beta-catenin pathway."

reach
"These results indicated that the absence of oxygen in the environment promotes the expression of HIF-1alpha, which increases beta-catenin expression and activate the Wnt and beta-catenin signaling pathway in gastric cancer cells, resulting in increased invasiveness."

reach
"Cytoplasmic beta-catenin is central to the transmission of Wnt signals to the nucleus; in the absence of Wnt signaling, beta-catenin is phosphorylated by GSK-3, which targets beta-catenin for degradat[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"PROX1 can upregulate beta-catenin transcription by stimulating the beta-catenin promoter and enhance the nuclear translocation of beta-catenin in HCC cells, which leads to the activation of the Wnt and beta-catenin pathway."

reach
"The favored mechanism currently proposed in the literature is that Rac1 mediated phosphorylation of beta-catenin drives the nuclear translocation and accumulation of beta-catenin."

reach
"Nuclear beta-catenin levels are increased in 92% of NPC tumors, making nuclear beta-catenin 1 of the more important components of NPC development."

reach
"Activated Akt phosphorylates and inhibits GSK-3beta and phosphorylates beta-catenin directly, increasing the nuclear localization and transcriptional activity of beta-catenin."

reach
"Overexpression of Parkin Upregulated beta-Catenin Expression and Increased Autophagy and Parkin Deletion Decreased beta-Catenin and Autophagy."

eidos
"During DMSO-induced differentiation of HL-60 cells , beta-catenin levels are slightly upregulated by Kras signaling networks , not by Wnt protein , and these increases in beta-catenin levels may govern downstream signaling events ."

reach
"The activation of the canonical Wnt and beta-catenin signalling pathway involves the binding of a canonical Wnt ligand to the receptors ' frizzled ' (FZD) and low-density lipoprotein receptor related protein 5/6 (LRP5/6), thereby inhibiting beta-catenin phosphorylation, which allows beta-catenin to escape degradation and accumulate in the cytoplasm."

reach
"Moreover, GSK3 phosphorylation of the beta-catenin binding domain in APC (which increases its negative charge) enhances APC 's binding to beta-catenin [19]; conversely, mutations within TCF 's beta-ca[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"BBR induced the expression of beta-catenin and enhanced beta-catenin entering into the nucleus, to up-regulate more runt-related nuclear factor 2 downstream."

reach
"Consistent with LEF1 being a downstream effector of Wnt signaling, aspirin, but not I3C, downregulated protein levels of the Wnt co-receptor LDL receptor related protein-6 and beta-catenin and upregulated the beta-catenin destruction complex component Axin."

reach
"The instability of beta-catenin caused by increase of p-beta-catenin expression contributes to CD44 mediated inhibition of proliferation."

reach
"AKT mediated phosphorylation of beta-catenin on Ser 552 promotes nuclear translocation and transcriptional activation of beta-catenin, thereby enhancing metastasis 36."

reach
"Additional experiments revealed that TOPORS-AS1 increased the phosphorylation of beta-catenin and suppressed the expression of CTNNB1, disrupting the Wnt and beta-catenin pathway."

reach
"However, the HBx Combo mutation markedly enhanced beta-catenin expression and caused partial nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin (Figs XREF_FIG b, S4)."

reach
"We found that PAK2 directly phosphorylates β-catenin and increases the nuclear localization of β-catenin, leading to the increased expression and transcriptional activity of β-catenin, which in turn enhances cancer stem-like properties and osimertinib resistance."

reach
"This complex mediates the phosphorylation of beta-catenin by CK1 and GSK3, which then signals beta-catenin ubiquitylation by the SCF beta and TrCP complex to target beta-catenin to the proteasome for proteolysis."

reach
"Silencing of beta-catenin expression with siRNA or inhibiting Wnt signaling with a specific inhibitor, xav939, significantly blocked Six1 induced nuclear localization of beta-catenin and mitigated Six1 promoted proliferation and migration of CRC cells."

reach
"XREF_BIBR - XREF_BIBR Conversely, GSK3beta activation phosphorylates beta-catenin and axin to target beta-catenin for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation."

reach
"We therefore thought that p-eIF4E activated AKT, and AKT dependent enhancement of beta-catenin S552 phosphorylation promoted nuclear translocation of beta-catenin in NPC cells."

reach
"Unexpectedly, we also found that the phosphorylation of beta-catenin at Ser552 and Ser675 proposed to increase beta-catenin transcriptional activity is reduced in shVDR SW480-ADH cells."

reach
"Overexpression of beta-catenin is sufficient to induce a secondary dorsal axis, the expression of Siamois, and the nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin protein (Funayama et al., 1995; Brannon and Kime[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"These data thus indicate that phosphorylation of GSK3β at S389 attenuates cardiomyocyte hypertrophic growth.Active GSK3 phosphorylates its substrate β-catenin and thus triggers the β-catenin destabilization [40,41]."
| PMC

reach
"As expected, expression of wild-type beta-catenin increased beta-catenin and Tcf activity, and expression of a stable mutant form of beta-catenin increased this further (XREF_FIG)."

reach
"Direct phosphorylation of beta-catenin by the protein kinase GSK3beta targets beta-catenin for proteosomal transport and degradation."

reach
"Concomitantly, beta-catenin expression increased in the nuclear fraction, indicating a translocation of beta-catenin to the nucleus as it occurs in the course of EMT."

reach
"We first compared the time course of UTP induced phosphorylation of beta-catenin at Ser 675, an amino acid residue that promotes beta-catenin transcriptional activity 32."

reach
"Recentl reports suggest that activated AKT, in response to growth factor such as EGF, can directly phosphorylate beta-catenin at Ser552 in vitro and in vivo causing beta-catenin to disassociate from cell-cell contacts and accumulate in the nucleus XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR."

reach
"Briefly, in the absence of Wnt ligand, cytosolic beta-catenin is phosphorylated by glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), the primary kinase of the destruction complex comprising the scaffolding protein Axin, adenomatosis polyposis coli (APC), and GSK-3, thereby targeting beta-catenin for ubiquitination and proteosomal degradation."

reach
"Β-catenin overexpression partially restored MGMT and β-catenin down-regulation induced by PP (Fig. 5D, E)."

sparser
"Here we report an analysis of the role of HGF/c-Met related β-catenin activation and CTNNB1 mutation activation of β-catenin in a large cohort of 84 patients with hepatoblastoma."

reach
"Our results agree with Taurin et al who reported that PKA phosphorylation of beta-catenin at Ser552 and Ser675 increased beta-catenin transcriptional activity, while leaving the destruction markers and complex unaffected [XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"For instance, phosphorylation of beta-catenin on Ser675 by PKA enhances beta-catenin stability through inhibiting its ubiquitination [XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR]."

eidos
"We next hypothesized that the nongenomic TRbeta-PI3K signaling pathway could be regulating osteoblast differentiation via activation of beta-catenin signaling , since beta-catenin has been shown to be activated by PI3K in thyroid cancer and beta-catenin is a key regulator of osteoblast proliferation and differentiation ."

reach
"The presence of DKK4 protein in culture medium abolished the PGCP knockdown mediated induction of phospho-LRP6 and cell migrations, inactivation of GSK3beta, and increase in beta-catenin levels causing inactivation of Wnt and beta-catenin signaling."

reach
"Moreover, in the human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells BxPC3, in which SMAD4 is homozigously deleted, chronic EGF stimulation induces beta-catenin phosphorylation that can be antagonized by SMAD4 restoration, suggesting that SMAD4 homozigous deletion is critical to EGF induced WNT and beta-catenin signaling pathway inhibition XREF_BIBR."

reach
"It was found that the upregulation of miR-140-3p repressed Wnt and beta-catenin signaling activation, whilst reactivation of Wnt and beta-catenin signaling by beta-catenin overexpression partially restored cisplatin resistance and cancer stem cell like properties of LUAD cells."

reach
"The phosphorylation of beta-catenin (Ser33/37/Thr41) by GSK-3beta is known to target beta-catenin towards degradation."

reach
"Thus, this study was designed to compare, at molecular level, two OSCC cell lines, both derived from drinking and smoking individuals and differing for presence/absence of HPV infection.Methods: HPV-negative UPCI-SCC-131 and HPV16-positive UPCI-SCC-154 cell lines were compared by whole genome gene expression profiling and subsequently studied for activation of Wnt/betaCatenin signaling pathway by the expression of several Wnt-target genes, betaCatenin intracellular localization, stem cell features and miRNA let-7e."

reach
"In the cytoplasm and nucleus of breast cancer cells, the Wnt and beta-catenin receptor Frizzled-1 decreases beta-catenin protein expression and increases inhibition of the Wnt and beta-catenin signaling pathway, thus decreasing drug resistance in chemotherapy."

reach
"Phosphorylation of beta-catenin at Ser552 and Ser675 is also mediated by cyclic AMP dependent protein kinase (PKA), enhancing beta-catenin activity, and Ser675 has been shown to be phosphorylated downstream of p-21-activated protein kinase-1 (PAK-1)."

reach
"Hdac6 deacetylates beta-catenin at lysine 49 (Lys49) to reduce beta-catenin phosphorylation and promote beta-catenin nuclear localization and c-myc induction [XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"Thus, the degradation of beta-catenin is reduced and an increase in cytoplasmic and nuclear levels of beta-catenin promotes pairing with the TCF/LEF family of transcription factors and activates the Wnt and beta-catenin signaling pathway."

reach
"In the presence of Wnt, the Axin mediated phosphorylation and degradation of beta-catenin is disrupted, allowing beta-catenin to accumulate in the nucleus where it acts as a transcriptional factor for Wnt responsive genes, such as Cyclin D1."

reach
"Tyrosine phosphorylation of beta-catenin was shown to decrease its binding to E-cadherin, leading to decreased cell adhesion and increased beta-catenin signaling."

reach
"The results showed that CQD could inhibit the acetylation of beta-catenin and disrupt the interaction of beta-catenin with T-cell factor 4 (TCF4), leading to reduced binding of beta-catenin to the promoters of Wnt target genes and downregulation of the expression of these target genes."

reach
"Furthermore, after treatment with DASA-58, the level of active beta-catenin gradually decreased, which also inhibited the transport of active beta-catenin into the nucleus, but C3k obviously promoted its nuclear translocation."

reach
"Increased Axin expression decreases the level of activated beta-catenin, subsequently suppressing Wnt and beta-catenin signaling."

reach
"Normally, GSK3beta phosphorylates beta-catenin, making it a target for ubiquitin-proteosomal degradation; inactivation of GSK3beta, therefore, allows beta-catenin to accumulate XREF_BIBR."

reach
"DCE inhibited beta-catenin level in the nucleus and regulated downstream genes of beta-catenin and further blocked Wnt and beta-catenin pathway in SMMC-7721 and BEL-7404 cells as well as primary liver cancer cells."

reach
"Wnt and beta-catenin activation by overexpression of beta-catenin or Wnt proteins elevated betaTrCP expression, resulting in enhanced degradation of IkappaB-alpha and consequently NF-kappaB transactivation without affecting IKK activity."

reach
"In the absence of an activating signal, phosphorylation of beta-catenin by GSK3 acting in conjunction with APC and axin causes beta-catenin to interact with the ligase beta-transducin repeat containing protein (beta-TrCP) which results in its ubiquitination and degradation, executed by proteasome [XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"In vitro immunocytochemistry and proximity ligation studies in brain endothelial cells reveal that RA, through its receptor RARalpha, regulates beta-catenin expression in brain endothelial cells via transcriptional suppression and phosphorylation events that targets beta-catenin for proteasomal degradation, the latter dependent on PKCalpha."

reach
"It is important to emphasize that the phosphorylation of beta-catenin at C-terminal residue Ser 552 by AKT can enhance beta-catenin and TCF reporter activation possibly through association with histon[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"Bmal1 involves β-catenin transcription, diminishes β-catenin degradation, and inhibits GSK-3β activity [158]."

reach
"GSK3 phosphorylates the APC, AXIN1, and CTNNB1 complex, and thus targets beta-catenin for degradation."

reach
"Beta-catenin and APC are both phosphorylated by GSK3, triggering the transfer of beta-catenin to APC."

reach
"Normal beta-catenin ubiquitination necessary for constitutive beta-catenin degradation is abolished, allowing the accumulation and translocation of beta-catenin to the nucleus."

reach
"However, the transcription of beta-catenin was not significantly increased, indicating that stromal cells could stabilize beta-catenin."

reach
"Mechanistically, DOCK9-AS2 interacted with SP1 to induce catenin beta 1 (CTNNB1) transcription and sponged microRNA-1972 (miR-1972) to upregulate CTNNB1, thereby activating Wnt and beta-catenin pathway in PTC cells."

reach
"MET phosphorylation also induces tyrosine phosphorylation of beta-catenin causing beta-catenin dissociation from E-cadherin followed by nuclear translocation of beta-catenin and transcription activation [XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"Beta-catenin immunostaining confirmed that there was no overexpression of nuclear beta-catenin in mutant DP (XREF_SUPPLEMENTARY)."

reach
"Interestingly, ox-LDL promoted the expression of beta-catenin in myofibroblasts [XREF_BIBR] and initiated Wnt and beta-catenin signaling in human RPE cells."

reach
"In mouse hearts, VEGF induced FAK activation, binding to VE-cadherin, and phosphorylation of beta-catenin at tyrosine Y142, promoting the dissociation of beta-catenin from VE-cadherin [XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"In SW480 cells, HIF-2alpha knockdown did not affect beta-catenin levels, increasing the transcriptional activity of beta-catenin by inducing its nuclear accumulation, whereas HIF-1alpha silencing negatively affected the stability and transcriptional activity of beta-catenin, inducing its exit from the nuclei and its recruitment to the cell membrane by E-cadherin."

reach
"Further investigations showed that lncARSR interacted with HuR, upregulated beta-catenin expression and then activated Wnt and beta-catenin signaling pathway to regulate cell proliferation."

reach
"Moreover, FGFR2, FGFR3, EGFR and TRKA directly phosphorylate beta-catenin at Tyr142, which is known to increase cytoplasmic beta-catenin concentration via release of beta-catenin from membranous cadherin complexes."

reach
"We used IWR-1-endo to inhibit the Wnt and beta-catenin pathway and found that IWR-1-endo decreased nuclear beta-catenin levels and subsequently inhibited EMSC osteogenic differentiation."

reach
"Since Abl is necessary for increased beta-catenin turnover at AP junctions, we tested whether phosphorylation of beta-catenin on tyrosine 667 is sufficient to increase beta-catenin turnover."

reach
"In epithelial cells, the SIRT1 deacetylation of beta-catenin causes the release of beta-catenin from the nucleus (Firestein et al., 2008)."

reach
"Therefore, beta-catenin is not degraded and cytoplasmic beta-catenin levels increased, which stabilize beta-catenin by moving to the nucleus, and the Tcf/LEF transcription factor regulates the expression of various genes."

reach
"Methylation of beta-catenin inhibits its phosphorylation and ubiquitination, and eventually activates Wnt and beta-catenin pathway to enhance the stemness of LCSCs."

reach
"The binding of Wnt ligand to its receptors inhibits beta-catenin phosphorylation, which allows beta-catenin to escape from degradation."

reach
"In the absence of an activating signal, phosphorylation of beta-catenin by glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) acting in conjunction with adenomatous polyposis coli and axin and conductin causes beta-catenin to interact with the beta-transducin repeat containing protein which results in its ubiquitination and degradation."

reach
"All these results document that miR-214 suppresses beta-catenin expression and downregulates beta-catenin downstream genes, which, in turn, inhibites the growth and tumorigenicity of HCC cells.In summ[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"Dexamethasone decreased the cytosolic amount of beta-catenin accumulated by Wnt3a and also inhibited the nuclear translocation of beta-catenin induced by Wnt3a."

reach
"In addition, ectopic activation of WNT and beta-catenin signaling by expression of constitutively active beta-catenin leads to inhibition of the lens formation."

reach
"In addition, AKT directly phosphorylates β-catenin at Ser552 (S552), which promotes nuclear translocation and transactivation of β-catenin (18)."

eidos
"CTCF-Induced lncRNA C5orf66-AS1 Facilitates the Progression of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer via Sponging miR-149-5p to Up-Regulate CTCF and CTNNB1 to Activate Wnt / beta-Catenin Pathway ."

reach
"According to our previous study, TOB1 overexpression in MKN28 and AGS cells inhibited CTNNB protein expression, decreased the CTNNB reporter gene activity, and reduced CCND1 expression via blockade of AKT phosphorylation [XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"In 6 cases, there was overexpression of beta-catenin in the cytoplasm; in one of these cases, there was also accumulation of beta-catenin in the nucleus."

reach
"Formation of this complex promotes phosphorylation of beta-catenin by glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK-3beta), which targets beta-catenin for degradation by the ubiquitin and proteosome pathway (Ab[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

eidos
"The upregulation of Na v 1.5 by beta-catenin knockdown was verified in iPSC-CMs from a second BrS patient ."

reach
"This elicits the penultimate stage of canonical Wnt signaling, the inhibition of beta-catenin phosphorylation, which allows beta-catenin to become proteasome resistant and thus accumulate throughout the cell."

reach
"Axin, a negative regulator of Wnt, forms a complex with glycogen synthase kinase 3beta, beta-catenin, and adenomatous polyposis coli and promotes GSK3beta dependent phosphorylation of beta-catenin, thereby stimulating degradation of the beta-catenin."

reach
"In the absence of Wnt signaling, cytoplasmic beta-catenin is targeted for destruction by the APC, axin, and GSK3beta complex that phosphorylates beta-catenin and directs it to a destruction pathway."

reach
"While the precise initiating mechanism leading to down regulation of PrKD1 in prostate cancer is unclear, the down regulated PrKD1 leads to loss of T120 phosphorylation of beta-catenin, which increases active nuclear beta-catenin with attendant consequences on downstream transcriptional activity."

reach
"Notably, DOX-induced β-catenin knockdown led to a robust reduction of pluripotency and cancer stem cell markers, confirming the role of β-catenin in maintaining their high expression ( Figure 5A )."

reach
"Because Cd 2+ -induced beta-catenin translocation to the nucleus triggers beta-catenin and TCF4-mediated Wnt signaling and increases expression of cell proliferation genes, we investigated the impact of E-cadherin on cell proliferation by ECIS."

reach
"Phosphorylation of beta-catenin by GSK-3beta then targets beta-catenin for proteolysis."

reach
"In addition, increased beta-catenin levels appear to enhance cell adhesion, and cell adhesion function of beta-catenin, not the Tcf/Lef mediated signalling function, is important for neuroepithelial and endoderm formation in embryoid bodies XREF_BIBR."

reach
"Downregulation of GSK3beta by Wnt signaling increases levels of beta-catenin, promotes the formation of beta-catenin complexes with the Tcf/Lef family of transcription factors and thereby activates Wnt target genes."

reach
"Nuclear MYH9 mediated CTNNB1 expression induces activation of canonical Wnt and beta-catenin signaling and anoikis resistance in GC cells."

reach
"Our study showed that ELK3 knockdown decreased the level of nuclear β-catenin, whereas ELK3 overexpression increased the accumulation of β-catenin in the nucleus."

reach
"Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and EMSA identified a ZBP-89-binding site in the proximal promoter of CTNNB1 Reciprocally, siRNA mediated reduction of CTNNB1 expression also decreased ZBP-89 protein."

reach
"However, SOX4 increased beta-catenin expression seems to limited to the cytoplasm and failed to initiate cytoplasm-to-nuclear translocation of beta-catenin, suggesting the action of SOX4 seems unlikely to involve directly transcriptional changes of beta-catenin directly regulated genes."

reach
"As Akt can phosphorylate beta-catenin at S552 and promotes beta-catenin nuclear localization, XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR we tested whether the upregulation of Jarid1b influences Akt activation."

reach
"Mechanistically, we found that USP5 deubiquitinated beta-catenin, prevented ubiquitination mediated beta-catenin degradation and promoted beta-catenin nuclear accumulation, leading to the activation of Wnt and beta-catenin signal pathway in NSCLC cells."

reach
"These findings indicate that WT beta-catenin overexpression leads to transient and mutant-beta-catenin to sustained Wnt signaling in HCC cells."

reach
"Diversin recruits CKIepsilon to the beta-catenin degradation complex that consists of Axin and Conductin and GSK3beta and allows efficient phosphorylation of beta-catenin, thereby inhibiting beta-catenin and Tcf signals."

reach
"Once activated, Dvl inhibits beta-catenin phosphorylation, mediated by Axin [XREF_BIBR] A multiprotein " destruction complex " that includes, adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), axin andglycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta), would target and degrade beta-catenin in the absence of Wnt signaling."

reach
"Stimulation of Wnt and beta-catenin signaling with recombinant Wnt-3a, or by overexpression of beta-catenin, reduced the anti-proliferative activity of lenalidomide."

reach
"Acetylation of beta-catenin by p300 and CBP potentiates its oncogenicity by increasing beta-catenin and TCF avidity at target gene promoters XREF_BIBR."

reach
"We use nuclease-free base editing to install a S33F mutation in beta-catenin that blocks beta-catenin phosphorylation, impedes beta-catenin degradation, and upregulates Wnt signaling."

reach
"Thus, the methylation of beta-catenin at K133 might cause the dissociation of beta-catenin from alpha-catenin and increase the free form of beta-catenin in the cytoplasm, resulting in enhancement of the beta-catenin-FOXM1 interaction."

reach
"Bmal1 activation increases beta-catenin transcription and decreases both beta-catenin degradation and GSK-3beta activation [XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"Mechanistic investigation demonstrated that SPAG5 promoted the expression of Wnt3 and beta-catenin, and increased the activation of beta-catenin and TCF4 transcriptional activity."

reach
"In the presence of extracellular Wnt protein binding to the Frizzled receptor and low-density-lipoprotein receptor related protein 5/6 (LRP5/6) co-receptors, the ubiquitination and degradation of beta-catenin mediated by GSK3beta are inhibited, thus facilitating the accumulation and translocation of beta-catenin into the nucleus [XREF_BIBR]."
| PMC

reach
"One mechanism by which the AHR could suppress beta-catenin signaling more directly is in its role as a substrate recognition subunit of ubiquitin E3 ligase cullin-4B, where the ligand activated AHR, localized in the nucleus, stimulates ubiquitination of beta-catenin and thus increases beta-catenin degradation (XREF_FIG)."

reach
"In addition to directly phosphorylating beta-catenin on Y654 and Y142, FGF signaling can also directly activate beta-catenin signaling through the PI3K-AKT pathway, which acts to prevent beta-catenin degradation by inhibiting GSK-3beta, and by phosphorylating beta-catenin on Ser552, which helps to drive beta-catenin to the nucleus."

reach
"As expected, the GSK3beta inhibitor lithium chloride (LiCl) decreased beta-catenin phosphorylation and activated Wnt signaling, significantly increasing beta-catenin and TCF4 reporter activity, wherea[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"CK2 inhibits different components of the multiprotein disruption complex responsible for β-catenin degradation and indirectly promotes β-catenin phosphorylation at Ser 522, thus increasing β-catenin protein stability (Gao and Wang, 2006; Ponce et al., 2011)."

reach
"Intriguingly, overexpressing HACE1 in AGS and SGC7901 reduced beta-catenin protein level and inhibited the activity of the Wnt and beta-catenin signaling pathway, while knocking out HACE1 could increase the protein level of beta-catenin and enhance the activity of the Wnt and beta-catenin signaling pathway."

reach
"Mechanistically, ASPM can upregulate β-catenin transcription by stimulating the β-catenin promoter and enhancing the nuclear translocation of β-catenin in CRC cells, which leads to the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway."

reach
"GSK-3-mediated phosphorylation of beta-catenin could allow beta-catenin to go to the cell nucleus, interact with transcription factors, and thus regulate gene transcription."

reach
"The Akt1 family of serine/threonine kinases was shown to phosphorylate beta-catenin at serine 552 allowing accumulation and beta-catenin mediated induction of IFN-beta [XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"The elevated levels of intranuclear beta-catenin may activate Wnt and beta-catenin signaling pathway and promoted gene transcription."

reach
"Tyrosine phosphorylation of beta-catenin at residues Y142, Y654, and Y670 by the activity of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-met, Y489 by Abl, and Y654 by the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Src may induce dissociation of beta-catenin from adherens junctions and may activate beta-catenin signaling."

reach
"It was additionally revealed that the overexpression of HDAC6 decreased the expression of beta-catenin protein levels which attenuated the canonical Wnt and beta-catenin signaling pathway and suppressed the proliferation of HCC cells."

reach
"Glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta) can phosphorylate and degrade beta-catenin, and negatively regulates Wnt and beta-catenin signal pathway."