IndraLab
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"184 Since this early report highlighting the structural bases of the p53/MDM2 interaction, very different classes of MDM2/MDMX (an MDM2 homolog that also inactivates p53) antagonists have been developed as potential anticancer agents, ranging from low-molecular-weight compounds to peptides."
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"However, upon cellular stress, p53 is phosphorylated resulting in the shutdown of Mdm2 mediated degradation and accumulation of transcriptionally active p53 which activates several targets including cell cycle inhibitors and pro apoptotic proteins resulting in apoptosis or proliferation arrest."
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"This interaction between MDM2 and MDM4 activates the E3 ligase activity of MDM2 and induces proteosomal degradation of p53 to suppress its endogenous cellular levels below the threshold required for transactivation of target genes, such as the cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor p21."
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"Therefore, in cancer patients receiving anti-PD1, anti-PDL1, or anti-CTLA4 drugs, regular endocrine assessment is recommended to make early diagnosis and appropriate treatment.This study aimed to elucidate whether p53 reactivation by peptide 3 inhibitor of the MDM2/MDM4 heterodimer (14) formation, whose administration is known to inhibit tumor growth, could have beneficial effects on tumor progression by restoring antitumoral immune responses whilst avoiding the development of autoimmune responses.The effect of p53 reactivator on immunotypes in the peripheral blood of patients affected by thyroid carcinoma was investigated."
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"The Mdm2 C305F mutation, which disrupts the binding of ribosomal proteins L11 and L5 to Mdm2 XREF_BIBR, causes an attenuation of p53 signaling, suggesting that the Mdm2 C305F mutation may alter the progression, rather than initiation, of prostate tumorigenesis in a similar way as p53 heterozygosity."
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"Furthermore, the MDM2 C305F, which is defective in RPL11- and RPL5- binding in vitro and in vivo, has been shown to impair the p53 response to ribosomal stress in animals, strongly demonstrating the essential role of RP-MDM2 interactions in activation of p53 upon ribosomal stress."
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"In the case of MDM2-p53, it is apparent that both mechanisms are observed under different experimental conditions : induced phosphorylation of p53 can attenuate the p53-MDM2 interaction, and alternatively the human protein p14 ARF can bind to MDM2 and prevent its destruction of p53."
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"Mdm2 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets p53 for mono- and poly-ubiquitination Monoubiquitination mediated by low levels of Mdm2 promotes mitochondrial localization of p53, and elevates nuclear export of p53 to block its transactivational activity; high Mdm2 levels promote polyubiquitination and subsequent proteasome dependent degradation of p53 [XREF_BIBR]."
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"We found that the ectopic expression of MDM2 downregulated the cellular levels of Vif as well as p53 in transfected cells in a dose dependent manner, whereas Parkin and Cul5 did not affect their cellular levels (lanes 2-4 and 5-7, respectively), even though the latter proteins were expressed more than MDM2."
"Akt (PKB) directly phosphorylates multiple protein targets of relevance to apoptosis (Figure 2B), suppressing cell death clearly within the intrinsic pathway (e.g., BAD inactivation, human caspase-9 suppression) and possibly also the extrinsic pathway (e.g., FasL expression) in some types of cells."
"It has been proposed that ARF is expressed only when an E2F signaling threshold is exceeded following oncogenic activation. The main activity of ARF is its ability to bind to p53 inhibitors and to control ribosome biogenesis. Human double minute (HDM2) [mouse double minute 2 (Mdm2) in mouse] and ARF protein binding 1 (BP1)/Mule are two specific E3 ubiquitin ligases that mediate p53 degradation through ubiquitination."
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"Thus, inhibition of RhoA activity through inhibition of the mevalonate-RhoA axis by an HMG-CoA-R inhibitor (cerivastatin) or an inhibitor of geranylgeranyltransferase type I (GGTI-298) reduces HDAC6 activity and hence induces hyperacetylation of HSP90, leading to dissociation of mutp53 from HSP90 and degradation of mutp53 by MDM2 (R175H, L194F, M237I, R249S, R273H)."
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"Interestingly, in mammals, a link exists between the regulation of Pol epsilon activity and p53, the functional homologue of SOG1 : MDM2 (Mouse Double Minute 2) can bind the C-terminus of Pol2A and is thought to simultaneously modulate Pol epsilon functions in response to stress and control cell cycle progression by regulating p53 degradation, similar mechanisms might be conserved in plants to maintain genome integrity."
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"Thus, inhibition of RhoA activity through inhibition of the mevalonate-RhoA axis by an HMG-CoA-R inhibitor (cerivastatin) or an inhibitor of geranylgeranyltransferase type I (GGTI-298) reduces HDAC6 activity and hence induces hyperacetylation of HSP90, leading to dissociation of mutp53 from HSP90 and degradation of mutp53 by MDM2 (R175H, L194F, M237I, R249S, R273H)."
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"In the present study, however, we have uncovered a novel mechanism of p53 inactivation for inducing cisplatin resistance whereby the heterozygous V172F missense mutation in p53 enhances MDM4 recruitment into the p53, MDM2, and MDM4 complex that prevents p53 dependent transcriptional activity and apoptosis."
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"Thus, inhibition of RhoA activity through inhibition of the mevalonate-RhoA axis by an HMG-CoA-R inhibitor (cerivastatin) or an inhibitor of geranylgeranyltransferase type I (GGTI-298) reduces HDAC6 activity and hence induces hyperacetylation of HSP90, leading to dissociation of mutp53 from HSP90 and degradation of mutp53 by MDM2 (R175H, L194F, M237I, R249S, R273H)."
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"Thus, inhibition of RhoA activity through inhibition of the mevalonate-RhoA axis by an HMG-CoA-R inhibitor (cerivastatin) or an inhibitor of geranylgeranyltransferase type I (GGTI-298) reduces HDAC6 activity and hence induces hyperacetylation of HSP90, leading to dissociation of mutp53 from HSP90 and degradation of mutp53 by MDM2 (R175H, L194F, M237I, R249S, R273H)."
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"Thus, inhibition of RhoA activity through inhibition of the mevalonate-RhoA axis by an HMG-CoA-R inhibitor (cerivastatin) or an inhibitor of geranylgeranyltransferase type I (GGTI-298) reduces HDAC6 activity and hence induces hyperacetylation of HSP90, leading to dissociation of mutp53 from HSP90 and degradation of mutp53 by MDM2 (R175H, L194F, M237I, R249S, R273H)."
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"Therefore, we have discovered a surprising role and its related mechanism for MDM2 in stabilizing STAT5 in T cells.Given that MDM2 interacts with p53 and mediates p53 degradation in tumor cells , we have demonstrated that MDM2 can regulate T survival and function in the absence of p53."