IndraLab
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reach
"Furthermore, both SMAD2 and SMAD3 are activated by phosphorylation, and our results support that patients whose TAFs exhibit a low (<1) pSMAD3/pSMAD2 ratio may be refractory to nintedanib and possibly to other antifibrotic drugs, whereas those with high (>1) pSMAD3/pSMAD2 ratio may elicit positive responses (where pSMAD2 and pSMAD3 refers to phosphorylated SMAD2 and SMAD3, respectively) (Figure 3D)."
reach
"Ligand binding and recruitment of TβRI activates its kinase that phosphorylates the carboxy-terminal serine residue of SMAD2 (SMAD Family Member 2) or SMAD3 (SMAD Family Member 3), which induces oligomerization of SMAD2 or SMAD3 with SMAD4 (SMAD Family Member 4), resulting in nuclear translocation for transcriptional activation or repression of target genes."