IndraLab

Statements


ISG15 affects USP18
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ISG15 binds USP18.
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"In humans, binding of ISG15 to USP18 prevents USP18 degradation, amplifying the inhibition of IFN signaling."

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"We hypothesized that differential catalytic activity across species may be related to substrate affinity.53 Although the catalytic site of USP18 is well conserved between mice and humans, ISG15 sequences vary.52 54 To compare interactions between USP18 and ISG15, we performed a competitive inhibition experiment with cross-species enzyme/substrate pairs."

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"The ability of non-fluorescent ISG15 substrate to compete with fluorescent mISG15-Rho110 substrate is a proxy for affinity between non-fluorescent ISG15 and USP18."

No evidence text available

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"The association of ISG15 with USP18 interrupts the interaction of USP18 with S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2), inhibiting the proteasomal degradation of USP18, which is essential for negative feedback regulation of IFN signaling and prevention of autoinflammation xref , xref ."

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"USP18 also has enzymatic activity in removing the covalently conjugated 15kDa protein, encoded by interferon-stimulated gene 15 ( ISG15 ), from its targets in a process called de-ISGylation. xref Finally, independent of its affinity for ISGylated proteins, USP18 also binds free ISG15, which protects USP18 against proteasomal degradation, thereby enhancing its negative regulatory capacity. xref "

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"We recently demonstrated that human free intracellular ISG15 binds USP18, a negative regulator of IFN-α/β signalling."

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"However, the noncovalent binding of free intracellular ISG15 with USP18 inhibits SKP2-mediated USP18 degradation [75,77]."

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"In humans, ISG15 binds to USP18, increasing its stability and leading to a decrease in IFN-α/β signaling."

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"Furthermore, we demonstrate that there is a species-specific interaction between ISG15 and USP18."
UBL binds ISG15 and USP18. 3 / 3
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"The crystal structure of mouse USP18 in complex with mouse ISG15 displayed extensive interaction between the ISG15 C-terminal Ubl domain and the palm and thumb domain of USP18 (Basters et al., xref )."

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"Structural data demonstrated that only the ISG15 C-terminal but not the N-terminal UBL domain binds USP18."

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"However, only the C-terminal Ubl domain of ISG15 interacts with USP18 whereas no interaction between the N-terminal Ubl domain and USP18 was detected and the presence of the N-terminal domain of ISG15 is dispensable for the deISGylation activity of USP18."
ISG15 activates USP18.
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ISG15 activates USP18. 10 / 20
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"Indeed, individuals lacking ISG15 expressed lower levels of Ubl carboxy-terminal hydrolase 18 (USP18), which was rescued by complementation with either wild-type or a non-conjugatable form of ISG15 (ref."

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"ISG15 was shown to bind to and prevent USP18 degradation mediated by S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2)-dependent ubiquitylation ."

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"The U-ISGF3 target genes, Isg15 and Mx1 [31,32,33], and the ISG15-induced Usp18 [34,35] were all significantly upregulated in response to both PARP7 loss or inhibition (Figure 3K–M), and this increase was greater than that observed for the P-ISGF3 target genes."

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"Interestingly, in human cells, ISG15 directly regulates USP18 stability 24."

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"USP18 exerts a negative regulatory effect on type I interferon signalling by competing with JAK1 for IFNAR2 binding, and mutations in USP18 and ISG15, which directly regulates USP18 stability, result in aberrant type I interferon induction in humans ."
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"Decreasing ISGylation by knockdown of the ISG15 E1 enzyme, Ube1L, in primary USP18(+/+) and USP18(−/−) hepatocytes led to increased MHV-3 replication."

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"Interestingly, Speer et al. have demonstrated that ISG15-mediated USP18 stabilization occurs in humans but not mice, and mice can regulate the IFN response in the absence of ISG15."

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"Moreover, we confirm that ISG15 promotes USP18 accumulation independently of conjugation 8."

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"Further investigation with the KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed those up-regulated genes could cause the activation of the IFN-induced pathway, type II interferon signaling pathway, and regulation of protein ISGylation by the ISG15 deconjugating enzyme USP18 pathway (Figure 4B)."

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"Moreover, whereas ISG15 co-expression led to a stabilization and increased abundance of exogenously expressed USP18 (Figure 2E, Input panel), it had no effect on USP41 protein levels."
ISG15 bound to USP18 activates USP18. 2 / 2
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"In humans, binding of ISG15 to USP18 prevents USP18 degradation, amplifying the inhibition of IFN signaling."

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"The binding interaction between free intracellular human ISG15 and USP18 prevents the SKP-2-mediated degradation of USP18."
ISG15 inhibits USP18.
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"Recently, human ISG15 deficiency was found to cause a decrease in USP18 accumulation and this was hypothesized to cause the loss of negative feedback of type I interferon signaling in these patients leading to auto-inflammation [XREF_BIBR]."

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"By preventing USP18 degradation ISG15 stabilizes the interaction between IFNAR2 and USP18 (FIG."

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"Overexpressed ISG15 can lead to nonspecific conjugation, while in parallel, excess unconjugated ISG15 can suppress IFN-signaling by stabilizing USP18, a known inhibitor of the IFN pathway [57]."

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"We further show that an absence of intracellular ISG15 in the patients ' cells prevents the accumulation of USP18 XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR, a potent negative regulator of IFN-alpha and beta signalling, resulting in the enhancement and amplification of IFN-alpha and beta responses."

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"We therefore analysed the impact of ISG15 on SKP2 mediated USP18 degradation."

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"In subsequent studies, engineered repression of USP18/UBP43 (ISG15 deconjugating enzyme) was shown to destabilize PML-RARα, reduce proliferation, and increase apoptosis in acute promyelocytic leukemia and lung cancer cell lines [169,170,171]."

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"Decreasing ISGylation by knockdown of the ISG15 E1 enzyme, Ube1L, in primary USP18(+/+) and USP18(−/−) hepatocytes led to increased MHV-3 replication."

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"ISG15 prevents degradation of IFNAR’s negative regulator USP18, and as a result, type I IFN signaling is strongly enhanced in the absence of ISG15 (119, 120)."

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"On the other hand, ISG15 can attenuate type I IFN signaling via USP18 stabilization."

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"ISG15 is known to promote USP18-mediated inhibition of type I 437 IFN signaling by stabilizing USP18 activity and preventing its proteasomal degradation(Zhang et 438 al., 2015), underscoring the role of ISG15 as a negative regulator of type I IFN responses when 439 co-upregulated with USP18."
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ISG15 increases the amount of USP18.
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ISG15 increases the amount of USP18. 3 / 3
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"ISG15 silencing decreased the amount of USP18 protein in recombinant IFN-lambda4-treated cells, and the protein level of USP18 was restored not only by transfection of wild type (WT) ISG15 gene but also by transfection of conjugation defective ISG15 AA mutant gene."

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"In humans, free ISG15 promotes sustained expression of USP18, which negatively regulates IFN signaling (Bogunovic et al., 2012; Zhang et al., 2015; Meuwissen et al., 2016; Speer et al., 2016)."

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"Here we studied the role of ISG15-specific ubiquitin-like protease 43 (USP18) in HIV-1 innate immune sensing.HIV-1 infection induces the expression of USP18 in PMA-differentiated THP-1 cells."
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ISG15 decreases the amount of USP18.
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ISG15 decreases the amount of USP18. 3 / 3
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"ISG15 appeared to act in its unconjugated free form, since silencing of UBE1L or of other ISGylation enzymes failed to reduce USP18 levels (XREF_FIG and XREF_FIG) and patients ' cells transduced with wild-type ISG15 or ISG15 (DeltaGG) exhibited attenuated levels of interferon-stimulated-gene transcripts and proteins (XREF_FIG and XREF_FIG)."

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"These data indicate that intracellular free ISG15 downregulates the IFN-alpha and beta response by maintaining levels of the negative-feedback regulator USP18."

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"We found that ISG15 deficiency led to reduced levels of the negative regulator USP18 because of increased proteolysis due, at least in part, to SKP2 mediated ubiquitination, resulting in stronger responses to IFN-alpha and beta and an ensuing amplification of IFN-alpha and beta-induced responses."
ISG15 deubiquitinates USP18.
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ISG15 leads to the deubiquitination of USP18. 2 / 2
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"The coexpression of either wild-type ISG15 or ISG15 (DeltaGG) with USP18 and ubiquitin resulted in markedly lower levels of USP18 ubiquitination (XREF_FIG, lanes 9-11 and XREF_FIG) and larger total amounts of USP18.Overall, these data indicate that free intracellular ISG15 antagonizes USP18 ubiquitination and degradation, thereby promoting the stability and function of this protein."

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"The non-covalent interactions of ISG15 and USP18 prevent the ubiquitination of USP18 by S-phase kinase-associated protein two and stabilize the downregulation of the IFN signaling pathway by USP18 (Tokarz et al., 2004; Zhang et al., 2015)."
USP18 affects ISG15
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USP18 binds ISG15.
12 1 | 47 137
12 1 | 47 134

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"In humans, binding of ISG15 to USP18 prevents USP18 degradation, amplifying the inhibition of IFN signaling."

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"We hypothesized that differential catalytic activity across species may be related to substrate affinity.53 Although the catalytic site of USP18 is well conserved between mice and humans, ISG15 sequences vary.52 54 To compare interactions between USP18 and ISG15, we performed a competitive inhibition experiment with cross-species enzyme/substrate pairs."

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"The ability of non-fluorescent ISG15 substrate to compete with fluorescent mISG15-Rho110 substrate is a proxy for affinity between non-fluorescent ISG15 and USP18."

No evidence text available

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"The association of ISG15 with USP18 interrupts the interaction of USP18 with S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2), inhibiting the proteasomal degradation of USP18, which is essential for negative feedback regulation of IFN signaling and prevention of autoinflammation xref , xref ."

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"USP18 also has enzymatic activity in removing the covalently conjugated 15kDa protein, encoded by interferon-stimulated gene 15 ( ISG15 ), from its targets in a process called de-ISGylation. xref Finally, independent of its affinity for ISGylated proteins, USP18 also binds free ISG15, which protects USP18 against proteasomal degradation, thereby enhancing its negative regulatory capacity. xref "

sparser
"We recently demonstrated that human free intracellular ISG15 binds USP18, a negative regulator of IFN-α/β signalling."

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"However, the noncovalent binding of free intracellular ISG15 with USP18 inhibits SKP2-mediated USP18 degradation [75,77]."

sparser
"In humans, ISG15 binds to USP18, increasing its stability and leading to a decrease in IFN-α/β signaling."

sparser
"Furthermore, we demonstrate that there is a species-specific interaction between ISG15 and USP18."
UBL binds ISG15 and USP18. 3 / 3
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"The crystal structure of mouse USP18 in complex with mouse ISG15 displayed extensive interaction between the ISG15 C-terminal Ubl domain and the palm and thumb domain of USP18 (Basters et al., xref )."

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"Structural data demonstrated that only the ISG15 C-terminal but not the N-terminal UBL domain binds USP18."

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"However, only the C-terminal Ubl domain of ISG15 interacts with USP18 whereas no interaction between the N-terminal Ubl domain and USP18 was detected and the presence of the N-terminal domain of ISG15 is dispensable for the deISGylation activity of USP18."
USP18 activates ISG15.
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USP18 activates ISG15. 10 / 15
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"USP18 can increase HBV susceptibility by removing isopeptidase activity of ISG15 and promoting HBV replication by downregulating the I-IFN signal transduction pathway."

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"Other factors involved in, e.g., type I interferon (IFN) signaling regulation are ubiquitin-specific peptidase 18 (USP18) and interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15), whose expression is itself type I/III IFN induced."

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"Selective inactivation of USP18 isopeptidase activity in vivo enhances ISG15 conjugation and viral resistance."

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"In bladder cancer, USP18 augments the removal of ISG15 from PD-L1, enhancing the stability of PD-L1."

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"Our data are consistent with this mechanism, since the blunting of hepatocyte IFN signaling after exposure to inflammatory stimuli is independent of USP18 mediated removal of ISG15 from its target proteins."

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"At later stages, USP18 mediated de-ISGylation releases free ISG15, which in turn stabilizes USP18 and tunes down IFN-alpha and beta signalling and inflammation."

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"Unlike Lb , USP18-mediated ISG15 cleavage leads to ISG15 recycling since USP18 cleaves the isopeptide linkage after the C-terminal GlyGly motif and ISG15 remains competent for reconjugation."

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"In addition, absence of USP18, which cleaves ISG15 from its target protein, prolongs ISG15 mediated ISGylation."

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"However divergent, ISG15 removal is nevertheless exclusively mediated by USP18 in humans, mice, and zebrafish."

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"Other key negative feedback regulators are ubiquitin-specific peptidase 18 (USP18) and interferon stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) (Figure 2)."
USP18 inhibits ISG15.
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"Inhibiting USP18, the negative regulator of ISGylation, has been shown in both cell line and invivo systems to enhance ISG15 conjugation (Ketscher et al., 2015)."

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"Here, a clear negative feedback loop can be observed, in which Ubiquitin like protein ISG15 (G1P2) induces IFN-gamma expression while Ubl carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 18 (USP18) inhibits G1P2 activity, explaining the observed down-regulation state of IFN-gamma."

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"In contrast, binding this free ISG15, USP18 suppresses JAK-STAT signaling further counteracting IFN signaling.By better understanding the ISG15 pathway, it may be possible to target certain illnesses on a case-by-case basis without the need for general activation of IFN signaling with its hundreds of downstream targets."

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"Immunoprecipitation (IP) assays confirmed that ISG15 directly complexed with PTEN protein and this conjugation was attenuated by engineered overexpression of USP18."

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"Consistently, USP18 was able to efficiently reverse the ISG15 modification from ADAMTS1 in a dose-dependent manner (Fig. 5G)."

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"USP18 activity reduces ISG15 protein conjugation and promotes tumorigenesis if an oncogenic substrate is stabilized by USP18."

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"USP18 is the main ISG15 isopeptidase and can inhibit 593 ISG15-mediated ISGylation and can repress the establishment of an antiviral state (Honke et al., 594 2016; Ketscher et al., 2015)."
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"In a positive feedback loop, the ISG15 conjugation system is also upregulated by p53 ISGylation to further potentiate p53 transactivity and downregulated by USP18 mediated deISGylation of p53."

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"In particular, replacement of the Ala138 in USP18 by a polar residue in other USPs might block the access of the bulky and hydrophobic Trp121 side chain of ISG15 (XREF_FIG)."

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"As expected, USP18 silencing dramatically decreased USP18 protein and increased the free ISG15 protein compared to the control group (XREF_FIG)."
USP18 decreases the amount of ISG15.
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USP18 decreases the amount of ISG15. 5 / 5
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"Knockout of USP18 promotes a higher level of ISG15/ISGylation of p53 and c-myc, which led to higher rate of spontaneous leiomyosarcomas [ 69 ]."

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"Here, we provide an acute example of this phenomenon, whereby the early expression of USP18, post-interferon treatment of HCT116 colon cancer cells is sufficient to fully suppress the expression of the ISG15 E1 enzyme, UBA7."

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"As USP18 deconjugates ISGylation and promotes ISG15 secretion, loss of USP18 increases the intracellular level of ISG15."

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"We demonstrated that USP18 deficient cells have increased expression of IFIT1, IFIT2, IFIT3, IFITM1, IFITM2, CXCL9, CXCL10, ISG15, and MX2 after treatment with exogenous IFN‐β."

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"As expected, incubation with purified USP18 decreased ISG15 conjugates and increased levels of free ISG15 [88]."
USP18 increases the amount of ISG15.
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USP18 increases the amount of ISG15. 2 / 2
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"The overexpression USP18 significantly inhibited the levels of conjugated ISG15 protein and upregulated the expression of free ISG15 protein in IFNT-induced gEECs ( p < 0.05, Fig. 5 A–C)."

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"As USP18 deconjugates ISGylation and promotes ISG15 secretion, loss of USP18 increases the intracellular level of ISG15."
USP18 affects IFNAR2
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USP18 binds IFNAR2.
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"OTUD7A contributes to neuronal development [77,78] and USP18 regulates the immune response by binding to the interferon receptor IFNAR2 [82]."

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"The IFN-mediated activation of the Jak-STAT pathway is tightly regulated by various cellular factors such as SOCS family members, USP18, the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), and protein inhibitors of STAT (PIAS).[ xref ] Along those lines, SOCS1 and SOCS3 transcriptional expression in hepatocytes remains detectable for only a short period of time upon alfa treatment indicating that by inhibiting Janus kinases both proteins are likely responsible for early termination of STAT activation.[ xref ] In addition, the sustained up-regulation of USP18 was associated with a long-lasting refractory state to IFN-α stimulation in hepatocytes and other primary human cells.[ xref ] The specific interaction of USP18 with IFNAR2 selectively affects IFN—induced signaling while having a marginal effect on other classes of IFNs, including type III IFNs."

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"It has been resported that mouse USP18 interacts with IFNAR2 to negatively regulate type I IFN signaling [XREF_BIBR - XREF_BIBR]."

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"USP18 's interaction with IFNAR2 also interfered with IFNAR2 's ability to recruit IFNAR1, hindering IFN I signaling [XREF_BIBR]."

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"This isopeptidase-independent activity is mediated by the binding of USP18 to the intracellular domain of IFNAR2, which prevents the binding of JAK1."

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"It was shown that USP18 directly interacted with IFN-α/β receptor 2 (IFNAR2) in human KT-1 cells, and competed for the binding of JAK1 to suppress type I IFN signaling [113,114] ."

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"Mapping the STAT2 and USP18 binding to IFNAR2 by cell micropatterning of further deletions and mutations (XREF_SUPPLEMENTARY) confirmed aa 418-444 of IFNAR2 as a minimal interaction site for STAT2 and USP18."

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"This effect is independent of the catalytic activity of USP18, which suggests that USP18 binding to IFNAR2 directly interferes with complex stabilization via the intracellular domains."

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"The IFN-α signal-blocking activity of USP18 is mediated by the binding of USP18 to the intracellular domain of IFNAR2, which prevents the binding of JAK1 to IFNAR2 xref ."

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"We assume that recruitment of USP18 to IFNAR2 via STAT2 promotes the otherwise weak interaction of USP18 with a membrane-proximal site of IFNAR2."
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"The reported interactions between USP18 and IFNAR2 as well as STAT2 remain to be characterised biochemically and structurally."

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"Taken together, our data suggest that USP18 simultaneously interacts with IFNAR2 via STAT2 in the membrane distal region and directly in the membrane-proximal region ( xref )."

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"These results established that USP18 independently interacts with IFNAR2 and STAT2."

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"Based on our previous report xref and the results presented above, USP18 interacts with both IFNAR2 and STAT2."

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"Binding of STAT2 and USP18 to IFNAR2 is synergistic, in line with the previous observation that the STAT2-IFNAR2 interaction was strengthened by USP18 xref ."

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"We next examined IFNAR2-independent interaction of STAT2 and USP18 in IFNAR2-deficient U5A cells by using cell micropatterning."

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"More detailed analysis of the interaction dynamics of the STAT2IFNAR2 interaction in the presence of USP18 by FRAP ( xref ) revealed a dissociation rate constant of 0.015 ± 0.005 s −1 ."

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"Mapping the STAT2 and USP18 binding to IFNAR2 by cell micropatterning of further deletions and mutations ( xref ) confirmed aa 418-444 of IFNAR2 as a minimal interaction site for STAT2 and USP18."

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"Recently, it was also demonstrated that USP18 can directly interact with STAT2 to form a complex that inhibits IFN-I ligand binding to IFNAR2 ( xref , xref )."
USP18 inhibits IFNAR2.
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USP18 inhibits IFNAR2. 2 / 4
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"In addition to its isopeptidase activity, USP18 negatively regulates type I and type III IFN signalling by blocking the IFNAR2 subunit of the interferon receptor ."

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"In addition, independent of its enzymatic activity, USP18 can inhibit the type 1 interferon (IFN-1) signal transduction by binding the Interferon-alpha/beta receptor (IFNAR2) [18]."
USP18 activates IFNAR2.
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USP18 activates IFNAR2. 2 / 3
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"Even though type III IFN signaling requires JAK1, it is not affected by USP18 as USP18 specifically targets and binds IFNAR2 and not IFNLR."

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"It is thus tempting to speculate that while the regulation of IFNAR2 signaling and ISG15 conjugation by USP18 are enzyme-independent and enzyme-dependent processes, respectively, they could still be coordinated by the same mechanism which involves the TAIL motif."
USP18 affects Interferon
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USP18 inhibits Interferon.
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"One prominent member of this family is undoubtedly USP18 which negatively regulates type I IFN signaling by competing with Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) for binding to IFN α/β receptor 2 (IFNAR2) (Malakhova et al., 2006)."

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"Therefore, USP18 inhibits the immune response by reversing protein ISGylation and directly inhibiting IFN signaling pathway [ 39 ]."

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"RANDALL G, CHEN L, PANIS M et al. : Silencing of USP18 potentiates the antiviral activity of interferon against hepatitis C virus infection."

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"Similar to human cells, mouse USP18 inhibits IFN signaling by binding to IFN receptors, but it cannot be stabilized by mouse or human ISG15."

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"In contrast, a macrophage subset constitutively expresses Usp18, an ISG that inhibits type I IFN responsiveness [XREF_BIBR]."

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"USP18 is thought to inhibit the effect of IFN therapy by reducing its disponibility."

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"In addition to removing ISG15 conjugates, USP18 also limits IFN signaling by preventing dimerization of IFNAR subunits (17)."

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"Silencing of USP18 potentiates the antiviral activity of interferon against hepatitis C virus infection."

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"However, 438 USP18 can also directly inhibit type I IFN signaling by binding to STAT2 (Arimoto et al., 2017) 439 and IFNAR2 (Malakhova et al., 2006)."

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"In addition to its deISGylase activity, USP18 also negatively regulates IFN signaling through association with the IFN receptor."
USP18 bound to IFNAR2 inhibits Interferon. 4 / 4
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"USP18 directly binds to IFN-alpha and beta receptor 2 (IFNAR2) in human KT-1 cells and, by competing for JAK1 binding, inhibits type I IFN signaling."

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"It was shown that USP18 directly interacted with IFN-α/β receptor 2 (IFNAR2) in human KT-1 cells, and competed for the binding of JAK1 to suppress type I IFN signaling [113,114] ."

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"Moreover, USP18 is recruited by STAT2 and associates with IFNAR2, thereby displacing JAK1 and suppressing IFN signaling ."

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"Indeed, USP18 binds to IFNAR2 to inhibit type I IFN signaling and subsequently disrupting IFNAR2-JAK1 interaction, thus negatively regulating IFN signaling cascades [XREF_BIBR]."
USP18 activates Interferon.
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"Further research from our group indicated that silencing USP18 potentiated IFN anti-HCV activity through activation of the Jak and STAT signaling pathway [XREF_BIBR]."

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"Furthermore, XREF_BIBR demonstrated that USP18 upregulated and blocked IFN stimulated gene expression to affect the innate immunity in LPS induced hepatocytes."

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"This study determined the mechanism by which targeting USP18 induces cancer pyroptosis through activating the production of a group of atypical IFN stimulated genes (ISGs) in addition to conventional ISGs [182]."

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"The coding sequences of porcine interferon stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) and the interferon stimulated gene (ISG43) were cloned from swine spleen mRNA."

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"Among IFN regulated transcripts, 176 responded similarly in both IFNbeta and IFNgamma treated neurons (XREF_FIG; XREF_SUPPLEMENTARY) and included many genes with known roles in anti-viral defenses and IFN signaling such as Mx1/2, STAT1/2, ISG15, IFIT2, IRF1/7/9, Daxx, PKR, TAP1, and USP18."

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"In humans, genetic loss-of-function mutations in ubiquitin-specific peptidase 18 (USP18), a key negative regulator of type I IFN signaling, results in unrestrained type I IFN signaling in microglia and is associated with multiple and severe developmental neurological abnormalities (intracerebral hemorrhage, ventriculomegaly) along with microgliopathy (Meuwissen et al. 2016)."

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"It is known that IFIH1 (interferon-induced helicase-1), IFI35 (interferon-induced protein 35), and USP18 (ubiquitin-specific peptidases 18) activate the IFN signaling pathway; IFIH1 induces pro-inflammatory cytokines, and type I IFNs respond to viral infections in which they act as innate immune receptors [36,37]."

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"Although distinct reductions in adaptive immunity-related genes were observed, no differences were observed in the mRNA levels of the more general inflammatory cytokines C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (Ccl2) and C-C motif chemokine ligand 3 (Ccl3) or ubiquitin-specific peptidase 18 (Usp18), which mediates the regulation of the inflammatory response to type 1 interferon (Fig. 3D)."

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"Further investigation with the KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed those up-regulated genes could cause the activation of the IFN-induced pathway, type II interferon signaling pathway, and regulation of protein ISGylation by the ISG15 deconjugating enzyme USP18 pathway (Figure 4B)."

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"Influenza B has evolved a mechanism to directly neutralize ISG15 with its NS1 protein24 and coronaviruses have a papain‐like protease that has deISGylase activity as a strategy to overcome ISG15,25, 26 indicating the importance of ISG15 in the antiviral response.In addition to its enzymatic activity, USP18 negatively regulates T1 IFN signaling.27 USP18 is recruited by STAT2 to the type I IFN receptor subunit, IFNAR2, where it binds to IFNAR2 and prevents phosphorylation of JAK1 by blocking the interaction of JAK1 and the IFNAR2 subunit.27, 28, 29 USP18 expression also plays a role in limiting TRAIL‐induced apoptosis and has also been shown to regulate the susceptibility of certain cancer cells to IFN‐α and drug‐induced apoptosis.30, 31 Macrophages play an important role in HIV‐1 as reservoirs and can contribute directly to HIV‐1 pathogenesis.32 HIV‐1 in the ART era can be seen as a chronic disease characterized by chronic immune activation and chronic inflammation with a higher risk of non‐AIDS‐related morbidities and mortalities."
USP18 binds Interferon.
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"For instance, STAT2-dependent USP18 recruitment to the type I IFN receptor subunit IFNAR2 is required for USP18-mediated receptor dimerization interference [21, 23, 24]."

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"To exert its function as a negative regulator, USP18 binds to the IFN receptor/JAK complex and attenuates the magnitude of the response ( xref ; xref ; xref )."

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"Since we have shown that binding of Usp18 to type I IFN receptor subunit 2 (Ifnar2) is important for Usp18 mediated downregulation of type I IFN signalling, we investigated a potential interaction of Usp18 with the IFN-lambda specific receptor subunit IL-28R1."

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"USP18 is an inhibitor of IFN signaling xref , xref that is up regulated in chronic HCV infection, and lower levels of USP18 are associated with suppression of viral replication in vitro and a beneficial response to IFN in patients xref , xref ."

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"Interestingly, a high level of USP18 expression has been associated with non-response to IFN treatment ( xref )."

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"Baseline USP18 IFN -N levels are associated with both virological and serological response, and have the potential to become a clinical predictor for treatment outcomes in HBeAg-positive CHB patients before initiating IFN-α therapy."

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"Interestingly, USP18 in humans (but not in mice) can also interfere with the anti-viral outcome of IFN signaling by an additional mechanism: USP18 can bind the interferon receptor 2 (IFNAR2), block the association of JAK, and possibly limit IFNAR2-IFNAR1 dimerization, thereby interfering with the JAK-STAT signaling pathway [89]."

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"Recently, it was also demonstrated that USP18 can directly interact with STAT2 to form a complex that inhibits IFN-I ligand binding to IFNAR2 ( xref , xref )."
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"Two siblings with early onset autoinflammatory disease with neurological features and elevated IFN signature were additionally described with a homozygous missense mutation in STAT2 resulting in gain of activity due to the inability of mutant STAT2 to interact with the STAT2-dependent negative regulator of interferon activity, USP18 [ xref ]."
USP18 decreases the amount of Interferon.
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USP18 decreases the amount of Interferon. 6 / 6
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"Consequently, USP18 suppression not only enhances expression of canonical IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), but also activates the expression of a set of atypical ISGs and NF-kappaB target genes, including genes such as Polo like kinase 2 (PLK2), that induce cancer pyroptosis."

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"Deletion of USP18 enhanced the expression of canonical and non-canonical IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), and NF-κB target genes, ultimately causing CCP [92] ."

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"We identified that nuclear USP18 diminishes binding of IFN regulated transcription factors to their corresponding DNA motifs in cooperation with NF-κB. Consequently, the suppression of USP18 not only enhances the expression of canonical IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) but also activates a set of atypical ISGs and NF-κB target genes that induce cancer pyroptosis."

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"Depletion of USP18 not only induces the expression of interferon-stimulated genes, but also activates the expression of genes that induce cancer apoptosis and pyroptosis, indicating that USP18 can be used as an effective tool for cancer immunotherapy ."

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"The authors have demonstrated that: (i) infection of iMphs with HIV-1 induces USP18; (ii) depletion of USP18 with CRISPR/Cas9 increases iMph reactivity to IFNI, the phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT2, the expression of IFN-stimulated genes and ultimately results in a significant restriction of HIV replication in iMphs."

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"Inhibiting USP18 enhances the expression of canonical IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) and activates a subset of non-traditional ISGs and NF-κB target genes, such as PLK2, leading to the induction of cancer pyroptosis [216]."
USP18 increases the amount of Interferon.
| 3
USP18 increases the amount of Interferon. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"Moreover, USP16KO cells did not show changes in interferon-induced ISG15 and USP18 mRNA (SI Appendix, Fig. S3D), nor altered levels of the interferon-induced proteins RIG-I, MDA5, and USP18 (SI Appendix, Fig. S3E)."

reach
"Downregulation of USP18 induces the expression of interferon-response genes [28], which we observe in the present study (Fig. 3H)."

reach
"USP18 upregulates the expression and production of type I interferon following infection with Sendai virus (SeV) or Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV)."
USP18 deubiquitinates Interferon.
| 1
USP18 deubiquitinates Interferon. 1 / 1
| 1

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"In vitro , USP18 does not deubiquitinate stimulator of interferon (IFN) genes (STING), but it does facilitate USP20 to catalyze the deubiquitination of STING in an enzymatic activity-independent manne[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
IFNAR2 affects USP18
7 1 | 44 80
7 1 | 44 71

reach
"OTUD7A contributes to neuronal development [77,78] and USP18 regulates the immune response by binding to the interferon receptor IFNAR2 [82]."

sparser
"The IFN-mediated activation of the Jak-STAT pathway is tightly regulated by various cellular factors such as SOCS family members, USP18, the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), and protein inhibitors of STAT (PIAS).[ xref ] Along those lines, SOCS1 and SOCS3 transcriptional expression in hepatocytes remains detectable for only a short period of time upon alfa treatment indicating that by inhibiting Janus kinases both proteins are likely responsible for early termination of STAT activation.[ xref ] In addition, the sustained up-regulation of USP18 was associated with a long-lasting refractory state to IFN-α stimulation in hepatocytes and other primary human cells.[ xref ] The specific interaction of USP18 with IFNAR2 selectively affects IFN—induced signaling while having a marginal effect on other classes of IFNs, including type III IFNs."

reach
"It has been resported that mouse USP18 interacts with IFNAR2 to negatively regulate type I IFN signaling [XREF_BIBR - XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"USP18 's interaction with IFNAR2 also interfered with IFNAR2 's ability to recruit IFNAR1, hindering IFN I signaling [XREF_BIBR]."

sparser
"This isopeptidase-independent activity is mediated by the binding of USP18 to the intracellular domain of IFNAR2, which prevents the binding of JAK1."

reach
"It was shown that USP18 directly interacted with IFN-α/β receptor 2 (IFNAR2) in human KT-1 cells, and competed for the binding of JAK1 to suppress type I IFN signaling [113,114] ."

reach
"Mapping the STAT2 and USP18 binding to IFNAR2 by cell micropatterning of further deletions and mutations (XREF_SUPPLEMENTARY) confirmed aa 418-444 of IFNAR2 as a minimal interaction site for STAT2 and USP18."

reach
"This effect is independent of the catalytic activity of USP18, which suggests that USP18 binding to IFNAR2 directly interferes with complex stabilization via the intracellular domains."

sparser
"The IFN-α signal-blocking activity of USP18 is mediated by the binding of USP18 to the intracellular domain of IFNAR2, which prevents the binding of JAK1 to IFNAR2 xref ."

sparser
"We assume that recruitment of USP18 to IFNAR2 via STAT2 promotes the otherwise weak interaction of USP18 with a membrane-proximal site of IFNAR2."
| 8

sparser
"The reported interactions between USP18 and IFNAR2 as well as STAT2 remain to be characterised biochemically and structurally."

sparser
"Taken together, our data suggest that USP18 simultaneously interacts with IFNAR2 via STAT2 in the membrane distal region and directly in the membrane-proximal region ( xref )."

sparser
"These results established that USP18 independently interacts with IFNAR2 and STAT2."

sparser
"Based on our previous report xref and the results presented above, USP18 interacts with both IFNAR2 and STAT2."

sparser
"Binding of STAT2 and USP18 to IFNAR2 is synergistic, in line with the previous observation that the STAT2-IFNAR2 interaction was strengthened by USP18 xref ."

sparser
"We next examined IFNAR2-independent interaction of STAT2 and USP18 in IFNAR2-deficient U5A cells by using cell micropatterning."

sparser
"More detailed analysis of the interaction dynamics of the STAT2IFNAR2 interaction in the presence of USP18 by FRAP ( xref ) revealed a dissociation rate constant of 0.015 ± 0.005 s −1 ."

sparser
"Mapping the STAT2 and USP18 binding to IFNAR2 by cell micropatterning of further deletions and mutations ( xref ) confirmed aa 418-444 of IFNAR2 as a minimal interaction site for STAT2 and USP18."

sparser
"Recently, it was also demonstrated that USP18 can directly interact with STAT2 to form a complex that inhibits IFN-I ligand binding to IFNAR2 ( xref , xref )."
USP18 affects STAT2
10 | 34 83
USP18 binds STAT2.
10 | 30 83
10 | 30 73

sparser
"Interestingly, USP18 interacts with STAT2 via its coiled-coil and DNA binding domains."

sparser
"We then hypothesized that the interaction of USP18 with STAT2 competes with NS5 binding, which in turn could result in a lower efficiency of virus evasion mechanism."

sparser
"Both coiled-coil (CC) and DNA binding (DB) domains of STAT2 are involved in STAT2 interaction with USP18."

sparser
"However, the protein with only CC and DB domains of STAT2 significantly interacted with USP18 ( xref )."

sparser
"Since we identified the critical region for the USP18 interaction with STAT2 ( xref ), we also examined whether a peptide comprising USP18 aa 302-313 could have a similar effect as STAT2 CC/DB domains."

sparser
"In this case, the mutation, p.(R148Q), retained USP18-binding capacity, but the STAT2-USP18 dimer could not traffic to IFNAR2 (so as to displace JAK1), also resulting in enhanced IFN-I signalling."

sparser
"Taken together, our results demonstrate that, by interfering with the USP18-STAT2 interaction, USP18-mediated inhibition of the type I IFN signaling can be suppressed."

sparser
"3D modelling of the STAT2-USP18 heterodimer showed both the amino acid residues, A219 and R148, to localize to the interface between STAT2 and USP18 (Fig.  xref c), suggesting that the A219, like the R148, residue might play an essential role in mediating a STAT2-USP18 protein interaction."

reach
"MDA-MB-468 cells contain a single nucleotide polymorphism splice variant in STAT2, which may alter Type I IFN signal transduction and/or the scaffold interaction between USP18 and STAT2 required for IFNAR repression."

sparser
"Therefore, we aimed to explore the specific mechanism of signal inhibition by the STAT2-USP18 negative feedback interaction."
| 8

sparser
"The reported interactions between USP18 and IFNAR2 as well as STAT2 remain to be characterised biochemically and structurally."

sparser
"Taken together, our data suggest that USP18 simultaneously interacts with IFNAR2 via STAT2 in the membrane distal region and directly in the membrane-proximal region ( xref )."

sparser
"These results established that USP18 independently interacts with IFNAR2 and STAT2."

sparser
"Based on our previous report xref and the results presented above, USP18 interacts with both IFNAR2 and STAT2."

sparser
"Binding of STAT2 and USP18 to IFNAR2 is synergistic, in line with the previous observation that the STAT2-IFNAR2 interaction was strengthened by USP18 xref ."

sparser
"We next examined IFNAR2-independent interaction of STAT2 and USP18 in IFNAR2-deficient U5A cells by using cell micropatterning."

sparser
"More detailed analysis of the interaction dynamics of the STAT2IFNAR2 interaction in the presence of USP18 by FRAP ( xref ) revealed a dissociation rate constant of 0.015 ± 0.005 s −1 ."

sparser
"Mapping the STAT2 and USP18 binding to IFNAR2 by cell micropatterning of further deletions and mutations ( xref ) confirmed aa 418-444 of IFNAR2 as a minimal interaction site for STAT2 and USP18."

sparser
"Recently, it was also demonstrated that USP18 can directly interact with STAT2 to form a complex that inhibits IFN-I ligand binding to IFNAR2 ( xref , xref )."
| 1

sparser
"Two siblings with early onset autoinflammatory disease with neurological features and elevated IFN signature were additionally described with a homozygous missense mutation in STAT2 resulting in gain of activity due to the inability of mutant STAT2 to interact with the STAT2-dependent negative regulator of interferon activity, USP18 [ xref ]."
USP18 inhibits STAT2.
| 1
USP18 inhibits STAT2. 1 / 2
| 1

reach
"XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR To asses whether STAT1 or STAT2, which are both upregulated by USP18 inhibition (XREF_FIG), are implicated in the upregulation of Bim, DP5 and PUMA mRNA expression in USP18 silenced cells, we inhibited in parallel USP18 and STAT1 or STAT2 in INS-1E cells by use of specific siRNAs."
USP18 dephosphorylates STAT2.
| 2
USP18 leads to the dephosphorylation of STAT2. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"The authors have demonstrated that: (i) infection of iMphs with HIV-1 induces USP18; (ii) depletion of USP18 with CRISPR/Cas9 increases iMph reactivity to IFNI, the phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT2, the expression of IFN-stimulated genes and ultimately results in a significant restriction of HIV replication in iMphs."

reach
"USP18 acts to prevent JAK1 from binding to IFN-I receptor and hence arrests phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT2, essential components of the transcription factor complex that induces ISGs."
USP18 activates STAT2.
| 1
USP18 activates STAT2. 1 / 2
| 1

reach
"It has been demonstrated that reconstitution of USP18 in ISG15-deficient cells alone restores STAT2 stability and limits viral growth."
STAT2 affects USP18
10 | 32 83
STAT2 binds USP18.
10 | 30 83
10 | 30 73

sparser
"Interestingly, USP18 interacts with STAT2 via its coiled-coil and DNA binding domains."

sparser
"We then hypothesized that the interaction of USP18 with STAT2 competes with NS5 binding, which in turn could result in a lower efficiency of virus evasion mechanism."

sparser
"Both coiled-coil (CC) and DNA binding (DB) domains of STAT2 are involved in STAT2 interaction with USP18."

sparser
"However, the protein with only CC and DB domains of STAT2 significantly interacted with USP18 ( xref )."

sparser
"Since we identified the critical region for the USP18 interaction with STAT2 ( xref ), we also examined whether a peptide comprising USP18 aa 302-313 could have a similar effect as STAT2 CC/DB domains."

sparser
"In this case, the mutation, p.(R148Q), retained USP18-binding capacity, but the STAT2-USP18 dimer could not traffic to IFNAR2 (so as to displace JAK1), also resulting in enhanced IFN-I signalling."

sparser
"Taken together, our results demonstrate that, by interfering with the USP18-STAT2 interaction, USP18-mediated inhibition of the type I IFN signaling can be suppressed."

sparser
"3D modelling of the STAT2-USP18 heterodimer showed both the amino acid residues, A219 and R148, to localize to the interface between STAT2 and USP18 (Fig.  xref c), suggesting that the A219, like the R148, residue might play an essential role in mediating a STAT2-USP18 protein interaction."

reach
"MDA-MB-468 cells contain a single nucleotide polymorphism splice variant in STAT2, which may alter Type I IFN signal transduction and/or the scaffold interaction between USP18 and STAT2 required for IFNAR repression."

sparser
"Therefore, we aimed to explore the specific mechanism of signal inhibition by the STAT2-USP18 negative feedback interaction."
| 8

sparser
"The reported interactions between USP18 and IFNAR2 as well as STAT2 remain to be characterised biochemically and structurally."

sparser
"Taken together, our data suggest that USP18 simultaneously interacts with IFNAR2 via STAT2 in the membrane distal region and directly in the membrane-proximal region ( xref )."

sparser
"These results established that USP18 independently interacts with IFNAR2 and STAT2."

sparser
"Based on our previous report xref and the results presented above, USP18 interacts with both IFNAR2 and STAT2."

sparser
"Binding of STAT2 and USP18 to IFNAR2 is synergistic, in line with the previous observation that the STAT2-IFNAR2 interaction was strengthened by USP18 xref ."

sparser
"We next examined IFNAR2-independent interaction of STAT2 and USP18 in IFNAR2-deficient U5A cells by using cell micropatterning."

sparser
"More detailed analysis of the interaction dynamics of the STAT2IFNAR2 interaction in the presence of USP18 by FRAP ( xref ) revealed a dissociation rate constant of 0.015 ± 0.005 s −1 ."

sparser
"Mapping the STAT2 and USP18 binding to IFNAR2 by cell micropatterning of further deletions and mutations ( xref ) confirmed aa 418-444 of IFNAR2 as a minimal interaction site for STAT2 and USP18."

sparser
"Recently, it was also demonstrated that USP18 can directly interact with STAT2 to form a complex that inhibits IFN-I ligand binding to IFNAR2 ( xref , xref )."
| 1

sparser
"Two siblings with early onset autoinflammatory disease with neurological features and elevated IFN signature were additionally described with a homozygous missense mutation in STAT2 resulting in gain of activity due to the inability of mutant STAT2 to interact with the STAT2-dependent negative regulator of interferon activity, USP18 [ xref ]."
STAT2 inhibits USP18.
| 2
STAT2 inhibits USP18. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"In addition, STAT2 CC/DB 3A, but not STAT2 CC/DB, partially blocked the effect of USP18 on transcription of ISGs, such as GBP1 and IFIT1 (XREF_FIG and XREF_SUPPLEMENTARY)."

reach
"Additionally, a homozygous miss-sense mutation in STAT2 results in failure to appropriately traffic USP18 to IFNAR2 and prevents USP18 from negatively regulating responses to IFN-Is, which leads to infant death from autoinflammation disease (168)."
Interferon affects USP18
| 2 75 7
Interferon activates USP18.
| 2 57
| 2 57

reach
"Several reports by our group and others have supported the observation that RNase L modulates the stability of certain cellular mRNAs in the absence of viral infections, such as the RNA binding protein ELAVL1 (HuR), the double-strand RNA (dsRNA)-dependent protein kinase (PKR), the muscle differentiation transcriptional factor (MyoD), and the IFN stimulated genes 43 (ISG43) transcript."

reach
"Reactome analysis revealed that commonly upregulated genes by IFN in both THP-1 and MDA-MB-231 USP18 cells were related to cytokine signaling, caspase activation, inflammasome activation, pyroptosis, and IL-1β processing (Fig. 6a)."

reach
"Since USP18 is also induced by IFN, we tried to dissociate the individual contribution of USP18 and ISG15, using RNA interference."

reach
"Previous studies demonstrated that USP18 can be induced by viral infections and IFN treatment, suggesting that USP18 may play a critical role in inflammation and host innate immune response [XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"IFNAR2 (part of the type I IFN receptor complex (Fig. 2)) interacts directly with the IFN-induced protein Usp18, which inhibits the response to IFN-α but not to IFN-β or IFN-λ , thereby creating, at least in human cells, a negative feedback loop for IFN-α."

reach
"Resemble human USP18 and fish USP18 can be induced by IFN and IFN stimuli in vitro and in vivo."

reach
"Since type 1 interferons (IFN) are known to induce IL10 and CD274, we next examined gene expression of the type 1 IFN induced response genes MX1 and USP18."

reach
"Firstly, like ISG15 itself, the predominant ISG15 conjugation and deconjugation enzymes UbE1L, UbcH8 and UbcM8, HERC5 and HERC6, and UBP43 and USP18 are all induced by type I IFN stimulation."

reach
"The effects on interferon signaling of USP18 also affects tumor progression [173]."

reach
"Furthermore, commonly upregulated genes by IFN in both THP-1 and MDA-MB-231 USP18 cells were related to NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasome activation (Fig. 6a)."
Interferon increases the amount of USP18.
| 13 1
Interferon increases the amount of USP18. 10 / 16
| 13 1

reach
"ISG43 expression is induced by interferon and negatively regulated by RNase-L."

reach
"Previous studies have shown that the expression of USP18 could be rapidly induced by interferon, viral infection, and genotoxic stress XREF_BIBR."

reach
"Like ISG15, the expression of its conjugating enzymes and USP18 is upregulated by IFN (XREF_FIG a)."

reach
"To investigate whether endogenous IFN signaling induces USP18 expression during tumor development in vivo, we inoculated C57BL/6 mice with B16-GFP tumor cells."

sparser
"Previous research reported that IFN induced USP18 mRNA expression in tumor cells [ xref ], and the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway upregulated USP18 expression through Gli2-mediated transcriptional activation following spinal cord injury [ xref ]."

reach
"Forty of the 71 interferon-stimulated genes, including myxovirus resistance (Mx) 1, Mx2, 2’−5’-oligoadenylate synthase-like protein 1 (Oasl1), Rsad2, nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt), interferon-stimulated gene (Isg) 15, Isg20, and ubiquitin specific peptidase 18 (Usp18), were expressed at higher levels in Mkp-1 mice than in Mkp-1 mice following E. coli infection."

reach
"IFNα also induced UBE1L, UBE2L6, Herc5, and USP18 expression as reported previously (Fig. 1A and B) [[10], [11], [12],[34], [35], [36]]."

reach
"It has been shown in hepatocytes that while both IFNβ1 and IFNα induce the expression of ubiquitin-specific peptidase 18 (USP18), only IFNα signaling was profoundly impacted by downregulation by USP18[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"However, USP18 expression is strongly stimulated by IFN treatment and exerts negative regulation of type I interferon signaling, which is independent of its enzymatic activity 21."

reach
"IFNβ dose-dependently increased the mRNA expression of the canonical ISGs Oasl2 and Usp18, peaking at 6 h and decreasing following 24 h, suggesting TI-IFN pathway activation (Figure 2A)."
Interferon binds USP18.
| 3 6
| 3 4

reach
"For instance, STAT2-dependent USP18 recruitment to the type I IFN receptor subunit IFNAR2 is required for USP18-mediated receptor dimerization interference [21, 23, 24]."

sparser
"To exert its function as a negative regulator, USP18 binds to the IFN receptor/JAK complex and attenuates the magnitude of the response ( xref ; xref ; xref )."

reach
"Since we have shown that binding of Usp18 to type I IFN receptor subunit 2 (Ifnar2) is important for Usp18 mediated downregulation of type I IFN signalling, we investigated a potential interaction of Usp18 with the IFN-lambda specific receptor subunit IL-28R1."

sparser
"USP18 is an inhibitor of IFN signaling xref , xref that is up regulated in chronic HCV infection, and lower levels of USP18 are associated with suppression of viral replication in vitro and a beneficial response to IFN in patients xref , xref ."

sparser
"Interestingly, a high level of USP18 expression has been associated with non-response to IFN treatment ( xref )."

sparser
"Baseline USP18 IFN -N levels are associated with both virological and serological response, and have the potential to become a clinical predictor for treatment outcomes in HBeAg-positive CHB patients before initiating IFN-α therapy."

reach
"Interestingly, USP18 in humans (but not in mice) can also interfere with the anti-viral outcome of IFN signaling by an additional mechanism: USP18 can bind the interferon receptor 2 (IFNAR2), block the association of JAK, and possibly limit IFNAR2-IFNAR1 dimerization, thereby interfering with the JAK-STAT signaling pathway [89]."

sparser
"Recently, it was also demonstrated that USP18 can directly interact with STAT2 to form a complex that inhibits IFN-I ligand binding to IFNAR2 ( xref , xref )."
| 1

sparser
"Two siblings with early onset autoinflammatory disease with neurological features and elevated IFN signature were additionally described with a homozygous missense mutation in STAT2 resulting in gain of activity due to the inability of mutant STAT2 to interact with the STAT2-dependent negative regulator of interferon activity, USP18 [ xref ]."
Interferon inhibits USP18.
| 2
| 2

reach
"The decrease was associated with the expression of IFN stimulated gene USP18 (UBP43), which is proposed to interact with the IFN-alpha receptor and inhibit signaling through JAK1."

reach
"As shown in Fig. 4 B, anti-IFN alpha/beta antibodies significantly reduced expression of the interferon stimulated genes ISG15 and USP18."
| 2 72
| 2 49

reach
"In conclusion, the results of this study provide evidence that USP18 promotes growth and suppresses apoptosis of HCC cells, which might help to expand the research directions and clinical applications of USP18."

reach
"USP18 also stabilize cyclin D of tumor cells to inhibit apoptosis [XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"Studies indicated that knockdown of USP18 causes an increased apoptosis of chronic myeloid leukaemia cells on interferon-alpha treatment [23]."

reach
"Silencing USP18 in SiHa and Caski cervical cancer cell lines inhibited cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and promoted cleaved caspase-3 expression."

reach
"Similar outcomes are obtained when USP18 is silenced in glioblastoma cells, which suggests that USP18 inhibition causes cells to undergo apoptosis with robust activation of caspase-8 and caspase-3 through enhancing the IFN-I pathway [176]."

reach
"Usp18 is induced by viral infection and type I interferons and inhibits apoptosis (Malakhova et al., 2006; Diao et al., 2020)."

reach
"Besides, USP18 silencing promoted the early apoptosis of HCC cells."

reach
"We further showed that USP18 could reduce paclitaxol sensitivity, and attenuate paclitaxol-induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest through activating autophagy in TNBC cells in vitro and in vivo ."

reach
"Overall, these results suggested that USP18 promotes pancreatic cancer cell proliferation by facilitating cell cycle progression and inhibiting cell apoptosis."

reach
"Of note, in contrast with IFN-alpha and IL-6, USP18 decreases apoptosis; this is consistent with previous evidence in brain ependymal cells."
| 23

reach
"These results suggest that USP18 can promote the continuous proliferation of HCC cells by affecting apoptosis."

reach
"Inhibition of AKT attenuated the decrease in cell apoptosis induced by USP18 overexpression and increased cell viability and migration."

reach
"However, the molecular mechanism responsible for apoptosis induced by USP18 in HCC and its relationship with ER stress remained unknown.The goal of this study was to determine if USP18 could regulate apoptosis and ER stress in HCC cells."

reach
"USP18 promoted HCC cell proliferation by inhibiting apoptosis."

reach
"Cell apoptosis and cell cycle assays also showed that leupeptin abrogated the effect of USP18 on paclitaxol-induced cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in MDA-MB-231 cells ( Fig. 3 D&E)."

reach
"This suggests that increased USP18 caused by IAV infection promotes the induction of innate immune responses while promoting IAV replication.IAV can induce host cell apoptosis through an endogenous/mi[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"Therefore, all the above studies demonstrated that ISG15 and USP18 alone induced apoptosis in leukemia, myeloma and cervical cancer cells."

reach
"Consistent with these results, we observed enhanced GBP-1 expression and increased apoptosis in THP-1 and KT-1 cells treated with the USP18 aa 302-313 peptide (XREF_FIG and XREF_SUPPLEMENTARY)."

reach
"Consistently, the loss of c-Myc reversed the cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induced by USP18 overexpression in SW1990 cells (XREF_FIG - XREF_FIG)."

reach
"More importantly, ISG15 and USP18 induced cancer cell apoptosis."
USP18 affects MAP3K7
5 1 | 2 45 8
USP18 binds MAP3K7.
5 | 9 6
5 | 9 5

reach
"We next examined whether USP18 interacted with TAK1."

reach
"USP18 binds and deubiquitinates TAK1 to attenuate hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in non-alcoholic liver disease (37)."

sparser
"However, NEMO deficiency did not lead to loss of interaction between USP18 and TAK1 ( xref ), suggesting that USP18 targets TAK1 complex and IKK complex by distinct mechanisms."

sparser
"In terms of mechanism, we screened some targets of USP18 in mouse primary HSCs and found that USP18 could directly bind to TAK1."

sparser
"Moreover, USP18 also binds to and deubiquitinates TAK1, thereby promoting hepatic inflammatory responses ( xref – xref )."

reach
"Interestingly, in transfection experiments, Usp18 bound to and deubiquitinated Tak1, thereby reducing its kinase activity and the associated downstream signaling."

No evidence text available

reach
"Mechanistically, USP18 interacts with the TAK1-TAB1 complex and deubiquitinates TAK1, thereby restricting TCR-mediated NF-κB and NFAT activation, and subsequent expression of IL-2."

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
| 1

sparser
"Furthermore, USP18 interacted with TAK1-TAB1 complex and IKKα/β-NEMO complex, respectively."
USP18 deubiquitinates MAP3K7.
1 | 21
USP18 deubiquitinates MAP3K7. 10 / 22
1 | 21

reach
"Interestingly, in transfection experiments, Usp18 bound to and deubiquitinated Tak1, thereby reducing its kinase activity and the associated downstream signaling."

reach
"These observations suggest that USP18 and USP19 deubiquitinate TAK1 in a cell type specific dependent manner."

reach
"To further investigate whether deubiquitination of TAK1 by USP18 is required for USP18 protease activity, we generated protease inactive USP18 mutants by substituting a serine residue for cysteine within the catalytic domain (C64S), and by further substituting the conserved histidine residue with alanine at position 318 (C64S H318A)."

reach
"USP18 deubiquitinates TAK1 in a protease dependent manner in HEK293 cells."

reach
"USP18 directly cleaves the K63 linked polyubiquitin chains, but not K48 linked polyubiquitin chains from TAK1 in a protease dependent manner since the USP18 catalytically inactive mutant can not deubiquitinate TAK1."

"<span class="match term0">USP18</span> negatively regulates NF-kappaB signaling by targeting <span class="match term1">TAK1</span> and NEMO for deubiquitination"

reach
"In contrast, they suggest that USP18 inhibits ubiquitination of the TAK1 and TAB1 complex in a protease dependent manner XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR."

reach
"Furthermore, USP18 was described to negatively regulate TLR-mediated NF-κB signalling: Yang et al. [60] suggested that USP18 inhibits ubiquitination of the TAK/TAB complex and the IKKα/β-NEMO (IκB kinase/NF-κB essential modulator) complex in a protease-dependent or independent manner, respectively."

reach
"USP4 and USP18 bind with TAK1 and de-ubiquitinate TAK1 to inhibit its activation [10, 12]."

reach
"Using similar mechanisms of action, deubiquitination of TAK1 by the deubiquitinase USP18 inhibits TCR (Figure 2)."
| PMC
USP18 inhibits MAP3K7.
| 2 4 2
| 2 4 2

reach
"In a transverse aortic constriction (TAC) mouse model, USP18 is found to be associated with myocardial hypertrophy through TAK1/p38/JNK1/2 pathway, USP18 deficiency enhances TAK1 activity in response to pressure overload [73], whereas USP18 overexpression attenuates pathological cardiac remodeling [157]."

reach
"Recent work has demonstrated that USP18 has the ability to deubiquitinate the transforming growth factor activated kinase 1 (TAK1) complexes required for NF-kappaB activation in T cells and that overexpression of USP18 leads to decreased nuclear activation and impaired formation of TAK1 complexes."

eidos
"USP18 was shown to inhibit the NFkappaB pathway and TAK1 ."

sparser
"Accordingly, since TAK1 is required for JNK activation, leading to insulin resistance, and since USP18 inhibits TAK-1, an insulin-sensitizing effect of USP18 has been shown in the liver [ xref , xref ]."

eidos
"Accordingly , since TAK1 is required for JNK activation , leading to insulin resistance , and since USP18 inhibits TAK-1 , an insulin-sensitizing effect of USP18 has been shown in the liver [ 39 , 43 ] ."

reach
"Furthermore, we demonstrated that USP18 can inhibit TAK1 activity by interfering with the K63 ubiquitination of TAK1."

reach
"Mechanistically, USP18 inhibits TAK1 activation by removing the K63-linked ubiquitination chain."

sparser
"The exacerbation of cardiac remodelling in mice with USP18 deficiency further confirmed the protective role of USP18 against cardiac dysfunction caused by pathological hypertrophy. xref A molecular study found that USP18 inactivates TAK1 by deubiquitinating K63‐linked polyubiquitination and it subsequently suppresses the downstream NF‐κB and JNK1/2 signalling pathways, which plays critical role in NAFLD progression. xref USP14 also contributes to suppress the development of cardiac hypertrophy by increasing phosphorylation of GSK‐3β (Table  xref ). xref Together, these findings indicate that the most of the DUBs protect the cardiac structure and function against pathological cardiac modelling caused by various stimulus."
USP18 activates MAP3K7.
| 5
USP18 activates MAP3K7. 5 / 5
| 5

reach
"USP18 negatively regulates NF-kappaB signaling by targeting TAK1 and NEMO for deubiquitination through distinct mechanisms."

reach
"Considering the phenotypes observed with Tak -/- and Usp18 -/- T cells or Usp18 -/- T cells transfected with USP18 (WT) or USP18 (C61S), we further hypothesized that USP18 targets TAK1 complex and catalyzes deubiquitination of TAK1."

reach
"However, NEMO deficiency did not lead to loss of interaction between USP18 and TAK1 (XREF_FIG), suggesting that USP18 targets TAK1 complex and IKK complex by distinct mechanisms."

reach
"Based on our experimental data, we propose a working model to explain how USP18 negatively regulates NF-kappaB signaling by targeting TAK1 and NEMO."

reach
"After TLR ligand stimulation, TAK1 and NEMO undergo K63 linked ubiquitination by TRAF6, while upregulated USP18 targets TAK1 and NEMO."
USP18 ubiquitinates MAP3K7.
| 3
USP18 ubiquitinates MAP3K7. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"USP18 inhibits NF-kappaB and NFAT activation during Th17 differentiation by deubiquitinating the TAK1 and TAB1 complex."

reach
"Collectively, these data suggest that USP18 targets the TAB1 and TAK1 complex and inhibits TAK1 polyubiquitination modification and kinase activity, thereby restricting TCR mediated NF-kappaB and NFAT activation and subsequent expression of IL-2."

reach
"USP18 also suppresses the activation of NF-κB by deubiquitinating TAK1–TAB1 complex [49] via Lys63-linked polyubiquitination of TAK1, triggers the activation of IKK/NF-κB [142]."
USP18 dephosphorylates MAP3K7.
| 3
USP18 leads to the dephosphorylation of MAP3K7. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"Mechanistically, androgen-activated androgen receptor (AR) upregulated expression of USP18, which inhibited TAK1 phosphorylation and the subsequent activation of NF-κB in anti-tumor T cells."

reach
"Hepatic ubiquitin specific protease 4 (USP4), USP18, and dual-specificity phosphatases 14 (DUSP14) can suppress TAK1 phosphorylation, besides tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 3 (TRAF3) and tripartite motif 8 (TRIM8) promote its phosphorylation."

reach
"USP18 can improve insulin sensitivity by deubiquitinating TAK1 and inhibiting TAK1 phosphorylation to downregulate NF-κB signaling pathway and upregulate fat mass and obesity-related protein (FTO) (153, 154)."

reach
"Silencing USP18 in SiHa and Caski cervical cancer cell lines inhibited cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and promoted cleaved caspase-3 expression."

reach
"In present study, our data indicated that knockdown of USP18 could inhibit cell proliferation and induce cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase in HCC cells."

reach
"Overall, these results suggested that USP18 promotes pancreatic cancer cell proliferation by facilitating cell cycle progression and inhibiting cell apoptosis."

reach
"Furthermore, silencing USP18 attenuated HNSC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, while overexpression of USP18 exerted converse effects."

reach
"Knockdown of USP18 expression suppressed the proliferation capacity and colony formation of glioma cells."

reach
"Subsequently, we validated that USP18 modulated PLK1 to activate the mTORC1 pathway, thereby facilitating HNSC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration."

reach
"For instance, USP18 could promote the malignant proliferation of glioblastoma by stabilizing Twist1 protein [ 18 ]."

reach
"In breast cancer, USP18 promotes proliferation and cell cycle progression via activating AKT/Skp2 and elevating EGFR [ 20 ]."

reach
"Simultaneously, CCK8 and EdU assays showed that the reduced proliferation induced by USP18 knockdown in BxPC-3 cells was partly abolished by the introduction of c-Myc (XREF_FIG - XREF_FIG)."

reach
"Additionally, knockdown of USP18 inhibited the proliferation of HCC cells and induced G1 cell cycle arrest and early apoptosis."

reach
"As shown in Figure XREF_FIG, ISG15 and USP18 individually suppressed HeLa cell proliferation."

reach
"Ectopic overexpression and knockdown assays indicated that USP18 can negatively regulate the proliferation of PTC cell lines."

sparser
"Further studies demonstrated that ectopic ISG15 and USP18 inhibited proliferation of myeloma, leukemia and cervical cancer cells."

reach
"Silencing of USP18 promoted PTX sensitivity by suppressing the proliferation and glycolysis and inducing apoptosis in PTX-resistant NSCLC cells."

reach
"Functional assays displayed that USP18 downregulation suppressed cell proliferation and migration, suggesting that USP18 served as an oncogene in LUAD."

reach
"Further studies demonstrated that ectopic ISG15 and USP18 inhibited proliferation of myeloma, leukemia and cervical cancer cells."

reach
"The experimental data indicated that silencing USP18 significantly promoted the proliferation and population-dependent growth of CRC cells."
SKP2 affects USP18
6 1 | 1 27 14
SKP2 binds USP18.
6 | 15 12
6 | 15 10

reach
"Hence, expression of ISG15 abrogates the USP18 and SKP2 complex, and this results in destabilization of SKP2 and accumulation of USP18."

sparser
"Interestingly, USP18 binds to SKP2, an interaction partner of p21 and also precipitates SAMHD1 [ xref ]."

sparser
"Also USP18 interacted with S-phase kinase associated protein 2 (SKP2), retained cylin A and down regulated p21 in differentiated THP-1."
| PMC

sparser
"The association of ISG15 with USP18 interrupts the interaction of USP18 with S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2), inhibiting the proteasomal degradation of USP18, which is essential for negative feedback regulation of IFN signaling and prevention of autoinflammation xref , xref ."

sparser
"Several studies have reported that SAMHD1 interacts with cyclin/CDK complexes [ xref ], USP18 and S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 [ xref , xref ], which are involved in the regulation of cell proliferation [ xref , xref ] and SAMHD1 is also recruited to DNA repair foci in response to DNA damage [ xref ]."

sparser
"Numerous studies have reported that SAMHD1 can interact with cyclin/CDK complexes ( xref ), USP18 ( xref ) and S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 ( xref ), which are involved in the regulation of cell proliferation ( xref , xref )."

reach
"Along with others, we reported that SKP2 interacts with USP18 and promotes its degradative ubiquitination XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR."

reach
"We found that USP18 and SKP2 interact and that free ISG15 abrogates the complex, liberating USP18 from degradation and concomitantly driving SKP2 to degradation and/or ISGylation."

sparser
"While these data do not rule out the possibility that indirect interactions between ISG15 (via Trp123) and an unknown partner are responsible for USP18 stability, which may be consistent with previous reports showing that ISG15 can abrogate the USP18SKP2 complex and rescue USP18 from proteasomal degradation independently of its ability to bind USP18 [ xref ]."

No evidence text available
| 2

sparser
"USP18 formed a complex with the E3 ubiquitin ligase recognition factor SKP2 (S-phase kinase associated protein 2) and SAMHD1."

sparser
"Numerous studies have reported that SAMHD1 can interact with cyclin/CDK complexes ( xref ), USP18 ( xref ) and S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 ( xref ), which are involved in the regulation of cell proliferation ( xref , xref )."
SKP2 inhibits USP18.
| 1 6
SKP2 inhibits USP18. 7 / 7
| 1 6

reach
"ISG15 was shown to bind to and prevent USP18 degradation mediated by S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2)-dependent ubiquitylation ."

reach
"The association of ISG15 with USP18 interrupts the interaction of USP18 with S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2), inhibiting the proteasomal degradation of USP18, which is essential for negative feedback regulation of IFN signaling and prevention of autoinflammation ."

eidos
"In humans , binding of free ISG15 prevents proteasomal degradation of USP18 by SKP2 ( Tokarz et al ., 2004 ) and is critical to ensure negative regulation of IFN-alpha / beta immunity by stabilizing USP18 ( Zhang et al ., 2015 ) ."

reach
"In humans, binding of free ISG15 prevents proteasomal degradation of USP18 by SKP2 (Tokarz et al., 2004) and is critical to ensure negative regulation of IFN-α/β immunity by stabilizing USP18 (Zhang et al., 2015)."

reach
"We therefore analysed the impact of ISG15 on SKP2 mediated USP18 degradation."

reach
"This binding prevents the SKP2 mediated degradation of USP18, and thus is critical for the accumulation of USP18 and the appropriate regulation of IFN-alpha and beta signalling."

reach
"Interestingly, the stability of USP18 decreases in the absence of intracellular ISG15, and this is attributed to inhibition of USP18 degradation by SKP2, which targets USP18 to the CRL SKP2 Ub-ligase [MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
SKP2 activates USP18.
| 5
SKP2 activates USP18. 5 / 6
| 5

reach
"These patients were deficient in ISG15, leading to increased S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2) mediated proteolysis of USP18 and subsequently an upregulated IFN gene signature [80] ."

reach
"As summarized above, SKP2 can target USP18 for degradation, while ISG15 has an opposite action, being required for accumulation of USP18 as seen in IFN stimulated cells."

reach
"Patient fibroblasts, transduced with control luciferase (Luc) or with USP18, were treated with IFNalpha and SKP2 was immunoprecipitated."

reach
"SKP2 (S-phase kinase associated protein 2) was found to target USP18 to ubiquitination and proteosomal degradation 10."

reach
"However, the noncovalent binding of free intracellular ISG15 with USP18 inhibits SKP2-mediated USP18 degradation [75,77]."
SKP2 ubiquitinates USP18.
1 | 1 2
SKP2 leads to the ubiquitination of USP18. 4 / 4
1 | 1 2

sparser
"We also show that Skp2 promotes UBP43 ubiquitination and degradation, resulting in higher levels of ISG15 conjugates."

sparser
"Mechanistically, the association of USP18 with free intracellular ISG15 prevents SCF SKP2 -mediated USP18 ubiquitination and subsequently its proteasomal degradation, thereby leading to the prevention of autoinflammation and over-amplification of IFN, which suggests that the long-term stabilization of USP18 by free intracellular ISG15 is essential for the negative feedback regulation of IFN signaling [ xref ]."

reach
"The skp2 protein, a substrate recognition factor for SCF-E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes, promoted USP18 ubiquitination and degradation [82] ."
IRS4 affects USP18
3 | 20 25
IRS4 binds USP18.
3 | 18 25
3 | 18 23

sparser
"Our results suggested that overexpressed IRS4 promoted while knockdown IRS4 inhibited the Jak/STAT signaling pathway by the interaction of IRS4 and USP18."

reach
"And to detect whether IRS4 interacts with USP18 endogenously, immunoblot analysis of whole cell lysates and anti-IRS4 or lgG IP derived from Huh7.5.1 cells or 293T cells were performed."

sparser
"Maybe the unique mechanism is the interaction with USP18 and IRS4."

sparser
"IRS4 binding to USP18 diminished the inhibitory effect of USP18 on Jak/STAT signaling."

sparser
"In addition, IRS4 (401–1257) bound to USP18 (Figure xref ), but not IRS4 region 401-1093 (Figure xref )."

sparser
"To determine which region of USP18 binds to IRS4, the Flag-tagged deletion mutants of USP18 was used for binding studies (Figure xref )."

sparser
"In contrast, we showed that USP18 C-terminal region (amino acid residue 321-372) bound to IRS4 (Figure xref )."

sparser
"Furthermore, Two IRS4 mutants (1-334, 401-1093), which did not interact with USP18, did not affect Jak/STAT signaling ( xref )."

sparser
"These results suggested that IRS4 binds to USP18 to diminish the blunting effect of USP18 on IFN-a-induced Jak/STAT signaling."

reach
"IRS4 binding to USP18 diminished the inhibitory effect of USP18 on Jak and STAT signaling."
USP18 binds IRS4 and Flag. 2 / 2
| 2

sparser
"Co-IP assay of the interaction of Flag-tagged deletion mutants of USP18 and endogenous IRS4 confirmed these observations (Figure xref )."

sparser
"Moreover, Co-IP assay of the interaction of Flag-tagged deletion mutants of IRS4 with endogenous USP18 confirmed these results (Figure xref )."
IRS4 activates USP18.
| 2
IRS4 activates USP18. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"These results collectively demonstrated that IRS4 diminished the inhibitory effect of USP18 on Jak and STAT signaling pathway."

reach
"IRS4 diminished the inhibitory effects of USP18 on Jak and STAT signaling pathway."
USP18 affects IFNA
| 4 36 2
USP18 inhibits IFNA.
| 4 19
USP18 inhibits IFNA. 10 / 24
| 4 19

reach
"Further studies are needed to fully elucidate the mechanism of USP18-dependent specific attenuation of IFN-α signaling.Therapy of chronic hepatitis C with peg-IFN-α and ribavirin achieves viral cleara[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"Studies from ours and others demonstrated that higher expression levels of USP18 inhibited IFN-a anti-HBV and HCV activity in chronic HBV- and HCV infected patients [XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"Silence of USP18 potentiated the anti-DENV-2 activity of IFN-alpha through activation of the IFN-alpha-mediated Jak and STAT signaling pathway as shown by increased expression of p-STAT1 and p-STAT2, enhanced ISRE activity, and elevated expression of some ISGs."

eidos
"The reason for this paradox is unknown , but IFN-lambda4 has been speculated to render HCV-infected hepatocytes refractory to IFN-alpha , for example by inducing the expression of USP18 , which inhibits IFN-alpha but not IFN-lambda signaling41 ."

reach
"Further proviral ISG15 functions stem from human ISG15 interactions, which are crucial for USP18 mediated inhibition of IFN-alpha and beta signaling responses."

reach
"Moreover, it has been demonstrated that silencing of USP18 potentiates the ability of IFN-α to inhibit the replication and virion production of HCV in the cell culture model system which reproduces th[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"USP18 silencing enhances the antiviral activity of IFN-alpha through JAK-STAT signaling pathway."

reach
"Next, we determined whether USP18 silencing enhances the antiviral activity of IFN-alpha against HBV."

reach
"The results suggested that USP18 silencing augments the antiviral effects of IFN-alpha against HBV expression (XREF_FIG)."

reach
"Lack of USP18 was shown to abrogate this desensitizing effect of IFN-alpha in vivo [XREF_BIBR], whereas USP18 expression was sufficient to establish this state of refractoriness [XREF_BIBR]."
USP18 activates IFNA.
| 17
USP18 activates IFNA. 10 / 17
| 17

reach
"Treatment of Huh7.5 cells and primary murine hepatocytes with LPS and TNF-alpha, but not IL-6 or IL-10, led to upregulated USP18 expression and induced an IFN-alpha refractory state, which was reversed by USP18 knockdown."

reach
"Taken together, we concluded that USP18 potentiates the anti-HBV activity of IFN-alpha by targeting the JAK and STAT signaling pathway in Hepg2.2.15 cells."

reach
"Overexpression of USP18 promoted DENV-2 replication, while its silencing abrogated the replication and increased the anti-DENV-2 specific IFN-α through the activation of the IFN-α-mediated Jak/STAT signaling pathway, as shown by the increased expression of p-STAT1/p-STAT2 and the elevated expression of some ISGs."

reach
"In addition, lacking USP18 can abrogated the refractory status induced by IFN-alpha stimulation, which indicates that lack of USP18 in the Hepg2.2.15 cells could enhance the antiviral activity of IFN-alpha (XREF_SUPPLEMENTARY)."

reach
"The ISG15 and USP18 mediated IFN-alpha unresponsiveness was demonstrated by transfection of siRNAs targeting ISG15 and/or USP18."

reach
"Namely, free extracellular ISG15 is crucial in IFN-gamma-dependent antimycobacterial immunity, while free intracellular ISG15 is crucial for USP18 mediated downregulation of IFN-alpha and beta signalling."

reach
"Usp18 deficient cells have enhanced IFN-alpha and beta signaling and more ISG15 modified proteins."

reach
"In the absence of ISG15, USP18 proteolysis is more rapid, driving the dysregulated IFN-alpha and beta response and resulting in both the blood IFN-alpha and beta signature and brain calcifications seen in the patients."

reach
"Extracellularly, the ISG15 protein is essential for IFN-gamma-dependent anti-mycobacterial immunity, while intracellularly, ISG15 is necessary for USP18-mediated downregulation of IFN-alpha/beta signalling."

reach
"Our results indicated that USP18 modulates the anti-HBV activity of IFN-alpha via activation of the JAK and STAT signaling pathway in Hepg2.2.15 cells."
USP18 binds IFNA.
| 2
| 2

sparser
"The IFN-mediated activation of the Jak-STAT pathway is tightly regulated by various cellular factors such as SOCS family members, USP18, the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), and protein inhibitors of STAT (PIAS).[ xref ] Along those lines, SOCS1 and SOCS3 transcriptional expression in hepatocytes remains detectable for only a short period of time upon alfa treatment indicating that by inhibiting Janus kinases both proteins are likely responsible for early termination of STAT activation.[ xref ] In addition, the sustained up-regulation of USP18 was associated with a long-lasting refractory state to IFN-α stimulation in hepatocytes and other primary human cells.[ xref ] The specific interaction of USP18 with IFNAR2 selectively affects IFN—induced signaling while having a marginal effect on other classes of IFNs, including type III IFNs."

sparser
"USP18 decreased IFNα binding to U6A cells only in the presence of full length STAT2 but not STAT2ΔCC/DB ( xref ), supporting the notion that interaction of STAT2 and USP18 is important for the type I IFN ligand-receptor binding."
USP18 affects SKP2
6 | 19 12
USP18 binds SKP2.
6 | 15 12
6 | 15 10

reach
"Hence, expression of ISG15 abrogates the USP18 and SKP2 complex, and this results in destabilization of SKP2 and accumulation of USP18."

sparser
"Interestingly, USP18 binds to SKP2, an interaction partner of p21 and also precipitates SAMHD1 [ xref ]."

sparser
"Also USP18 interacted with S-phase kinase associated protein 2 (SKP2), retained cylin A and down regulated p21 in differentiated THP-1."
| PMC

sparser
"The association of ISG15 with USP18 interrupts the interaction of USP18 with S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2), inhibiting the proteasomal degradation of USP18, which is essential for negative feedback regulation of IFN signaling and prevention of autoinflammation xref , xref ."

sparser
"Several studies have reported that SAMHD1 interacts with cyclin/CDK complexes [ xref ], USP18 and S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 [ xref , xref ], which are involved in the regulation of cell proliferation [ xref , xref ] and SAMHD1 is also recruited to DNA repair foci in response to DNA damage [ xref ]."

sparser
"Numerous studies have reported that SAMHD1 can interact with cyclin/CDK complexes ( xref ), USP18 ( xref ) and S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 ( xref ), which are involved in the regulation of cell proliferation ( xref , xref )."

reach
"Along with others, we reported that SKP2 interacts with USP18 and promotes its degradative ubiquitination XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR."

reach
"We found that USP18 and SKP2 interact and that free ISG15 abrogates the complex, liberating USP18 from degradation and concomitantly driving SKP2 to degradation and/or ISGylation."

sparser
"While these data do not rule out the possibility that indirect interactions between ISG15 (via Trp123) and an unknown partner are responsible for USP18 stability, which may be consistent with previous reports showing that ISG15 can abrogate the USP18SKP2 complex and rescue USP18 from proteasomal degradation independently of its ability to bind USP18 [ xref ]."

No evidence text available
| 2

sparser
"USP18 formed a complex with the E3 ubiquitin ligase recognition factor SKP2 (S-phase kinase associated protein 2) and SAMHD1."

sparser
"Numerous studies have reported that SAMHD1 can interact with cyclin/CDK complexes ( xref ), USP18 ( xref ) and S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 ( xref ), which are involved in the regulation of cell proliferation ( xref , xref )."
USP18 activates SKP2.
| 4
USP18 activates SKP2. 4 / 4
| 4

reach
"Tan et al. have demonstrated that USP18 promotes breast cancer growth by upregulating EGFR and activating the AKT and Skp2 pathway."

reach
"For instance, Tan et al. found that USP18 promotes breast cancer growth by upregulating EGFR and activating the AKT and Skp2 pathway [XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"USP18 promotes breast cancer growth by upregulating EGFR and activating the AKT and Skp2 pathway."

reach
"For instance, USP18 promotes breast cancer growth by upregulating EGFR and activating the AKT/Skp2 pathway [ 12 ]."
USP18 affects STAT1
| 26 4
USP18 inhibits STAT1.
| 11
| 11

reach
"XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR To asses whether STAT1 or STAT2, which are both upregulated by USP18 inhibition (XREF_FIG), are implicated in the upregulation of Bim, DP5 and PUMA mRNA expression in USP18 silenced cells, we inhibited in parallel USP18 and STAT1 or STAT2 in INS-1E cells by use of specific siRNAs."

reach
"Interestingly, IL-17A pretreatment increased the expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) 1, SOCS3 and USP18, which were also the ISGs negatively regulating activity of ISGF3."

reach
"Interferon genes including Interferon (IFN)-induced protein 44-like ( IFI44L ), Interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1 ( IFIT1 ), Interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"We further found that microglial Usp18 negatively regulates the activation of Stat1 and concomitant induction of interferon induced genes, thereby terminating IFN signaling."

reach
"Silencing USP18 prolongs the phosphorylated state of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) and enhances the expression of ISGs in response to IFN-alpha [XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"In mice, Usp18 negatively regulates Stat1 activation and the downstream IFN-I response by interaction with Ifnar2, and mice lacking Usp18 in microglia display brain disease due to uncontrolled IFN-I signalling [6]."

reach
"In addition, USP18, which is increased by interferon signaling and is stabilized through a noncovalent association with ISG15, also acts to inhibit STAT1 activation by type I interferons to limit undue interferon signaling (17, 18)."

reach
"Silencing of USP18 by specific siRNA attenuated the pSTAT1 suppression by Ach."

reach
"USP18 negatively regulates the activation of STAT1 upon interaction with IFNAR2 (Malakhova et al., 2006)."

reach
"Therefore, knockdown USP18 leads to prolonged and enhanced the activity of STAT1, and upregulated expression of many ISGs."
USP18 dephosphorylates STAT1.
| 13
USP18 leads to the dephosphorylation of STAT1. 8 / 8
| 8

reach
"Silencing of USP18 by siRNA was later shown to prolong STAT1 phosphorylation and enhance ISG expression, resulting in a synergistic antiviral effect on HCV treated with IFN [XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"In line with this result, expression of aa 36-372, but not aa 51-372, of USP18 inhibited STAT1 phosphorylation upon IFNalpha treatment (XREF_SUPPLEMENTARY)."

reach
"Our results showed that USP18 overexpression significantly inhibited IFNT-induced phosphorylation of STAT1 protein."

reach
"Specifically, IFNλs but not type I IFNs activate JAK2 affecting immune cell functions in a way type I IFNs cannot do [ 19 , 20 ], USP18 acts as a negative regulator of IFNλ signaling and inhibits the [MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"Unphosphorylated STAT1 and STAT2 are also upregulated by USP18 knockdown, suggesting their possible implication in IFNalpha induced chemokine expression."

reach
"The authors have demonstrated that: (i) infection of iMphs with HIV-1 induces USP18; (ii) depletion of USP18 with CRISPR/Cas9 increases iMph reactivity to IFNI, the phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT2, the expression of IFN-stimulated genes and ultimately results in a significant restriction of HIV replication in iMphs."

reach
"USP18 acts to prevent JAK1 from binding to IFN-I receptor and hence arrests phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT2, essential components of the transcription factor complex that induces ISGs."

reach
"USP18 silencing restored phosphorylation of STAT1 after IFN-alpha treatment, and forced expression of WT USP18 or enzymatically inactive C64S USP18 mutant blocked phosphorylation of STAT1."
Modified USP18 leads to the dephosphorylation of STAT1. 4 / 4
| 4

reach
"USP18 expression reduced STAT1 phosphorylation in STAT2 expressing U6A cells (XREF_FIG)."

reach
"In 2fTGH and U2A cells, USP18 expression clearly reduced STAT1 phosphorylation upon IFNalpha treatment (XREF_FIG), indicating that USP18 inhibits IFN signaling upstream of IRF9, as reported previously 21."

reach
"Silencing the expression of ISG15 or USP18 expression restored STAT1 phosphorylation and ISGs expression upon exogenous IFN-alpha treatment."

reach
"Since the STAT2-USP18 interaction is not affected by this mutation (XREF_SUPPLEMENTARY), USP18 expression still reduced phosphorylation of STAT1 in STAT2 Y690F expressing U6A cells stimulated with IFNalpha (XREF_FIG)."
Phosphorylated USP18 leads to the dephosphorylation of STAT1. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"Specifically, IFN-alpha induced the phosphorylation of STAT1 and USP18 silencing enhanced the STAT1 activation and phosphorylation for a longer periods of time compared to the control group (XREF_FIG), leading to increased expression of ISGs, and thus enhanced the antiviral activity against HBV in Hepg2.2.15 cells."
USP18 phosphorylates STAT1.
| 1 3
USP18 leads to the phosphorylation of STAT1. 4 / 4
| 1 3

sparser
"The scheme of HCV- and ethanol-induced regulation of IFNα-induced STAT1 phosphorylation by USP18 is presented as xref ."

sparser
"We conclude that acetaldehyde disrupts IFNα-induced STAT1 phosphorylation by the upregulation USP18 to block the innate immunity protection in HCV-infected liver cells, thereby contributing to HCV-alcohol pathogenesis."

sparser
"The second mechanism is the recently described inhibition of STAT1 phosphorylation by UBP43 (the product of ISG43 ) through its inhibition of JAK1 interaction with the IFNAR2 subunit of the type I IFN receptor xref ."

reach
"We have previously shown that Usp18 Ity9 mice on a mixed background have increased levels of Ifnb transcript and increased STAT1 phosphorylation downstream of the receptor."
USP18 binds STAT1.
| 1 1
| 1 1

sparser
"Our data also indicate that the catalytic domain of USP18 interacts with DBD of STAT1 (Fig.  xref A,D) suggesting that STAT1 and STAT2 both may have a role in recruiting USP18 to IFNAR2."

reach
"ISGF3 binds the IFN-sensitive response element (ISRE) within ISG promoters, increasing transcription and expression of hundreds of ISGs, including ISG15 and its conjugating enzymes Ube1L, UbcH8, EFP, TRIM25, and HERC5, as well as USP18 (FIG."
USP18 affects IKBKG
2 1 | 18 8
USP18 binds IKBKG.
2 | 3 6
2 | 3 4

sparser
"Next, we examined whether USP18 directly interacts with NEMO."

reach
"To further confirm endogenous interaction between USP18 and NEMO, we stimulated THP-1 derived macrophages with LPS for various time points."

reach
"Little binding between USP18 and NEMO or between USP18 and IKKbeta was observed in unstimulated cells."

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

reach
"Next, we examined whether USP18 directly interacts with NEMO."

sparser
"Mutation analysis revealed direct binding of USP18 to the UBAN motif of NEMO."

sparser
"Co-immunoprecipitation experiments showed that USP18 only interacted with full length (FL) NEMO or its UBAN domain ( xref )."

sparser
"To further confirm endogenous interaction between USP18 and NEMO, we stimulated THP-1 derived macrophages with LPS for various time points."
| 1

sparser
"Furthermore, USP18 interacted with TAK1-TAB1 complex and IKKα/β-NEMO complex, respectively."

sparser
"Taken together, these results suggest that in addition to the TAK1-TAB1 complex, USP18 also interacts with the IKK complex upon LPS treatment in a NEMO-dependent manner."
USP18 deubiquitinates IKBKG.
1 | 10
USP18 leads to the deubiquitination of IKBKG. 10 / 11
1 | 10

reach
"USP18 inhibits NEMO ubiquitination at the Lys -325 and 326 sites by masking the UBAN domain of NEMO."

reach
"In bacterial infections, USP18 inhibits NEMO ubiquitination, negatively regulating the TAK1-TAB complex to suppress NF-κB activation."

reach
"To investigate the precise mechanisms mediating inhibition of NEMO ubiquitination by USP18, we generated NEMO deletion mutants (XREF_FIG), containing a domain responsible for IKK binding, TANK binding, UBAN, or IkappaBalpha binding."

reach
"First, we used the two-step immunoprecipitation assay to assess whether USP18 prevents the conjugated ubiquitination of NEMO."

reach
"On the other hand, USP18 inhibits NEMO ubiquitination by directly binding to its UBAN domain."

"<span class="match term0">USP18</span> negatively regulates NF-kappaB signaling by targeting TAK1 and <span class="match term1">NEMO</span> for deubiquitination through distinct mechanisms"

reach
"Collectively, our findings revealed that USP18 inhibits TAK1 and NEMO ubiquitination through different mechanisms."

reach
"We next tested whether USP18 inhibited NEMO ubiquitination through USP18 protease activity."

reach
"Conversely, USP18 inhibited NEMO ubiquitination by directly binding to its UBAN motif (ubiquitin binding in ABIN and NEMO) and masking its ubiquitination sites at Lys 325 and 326 from further K63 linked ubiquitination."

reach
"These results indicate that USP18 inhibits NEMO ubiquitination as well as NF-kappaB activity in a protease independent manner."
USP18 ubiquitinates IKBKG.
| 3 2
USP18 ubiquitinates IKBKG. 5 / 5
| 3 2

sparser
"To investigate the precise mechanisms mediating inhibition of NEMO ubiquitination by USP18, we generated NEMO deletion mutants ( xref ), containing a domain responsible for IKK binding, TANK binding, UBAN, or IκBα binding."

reach
"To investigate the precise mechanisms mediating inhibition of NEMO ubiquitination by USP18, we generated NEMO deletion mutants (XREF_FIG), containing a domain responsible for IKK binding, TANK binding, UBAN, or IkappaBalpha binding."

sparser
"In addition, we observed that the inhibition of K63-linked ubiquitination of NEMO by USP18 is almost abrogated using NEMO K325R and K326R mutants, but not other NEMO mutants ( xref )."

reach
"In addition, we observed that the inhibition of K63 linked ubiquitination of NEMO by USP18 is almost abrogated using NEMO K325R and K326R mutants, but not other NEMO mutants (XREF_SUPPLEMENTARY)."

reach
"We also found that USP18 blocked IKK phosphorylation by inhibiting the ubiquitination of NEMO."
USP18 activates IKBKG.
| 2
USP18 activates IKBKG. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"USP18 negatively regulates NF-kappaB signaling by targeting TAK1 and NEMO for deubiquitination through distinct mechanisms."

reach
"Based on our experimental data, we propose a working model to explain how USP18 negatively regulates NF-kappaB signaling by targeting TAK1 and NEMO."
USP18 affects GSDMD
| 22 9
USP18 inhibits GSDMD.
| 11
| 11

reach
"USP18 enhances the autophagic degradation of GSDMD."

reach
"USP18 down-regulates the protein abundance of GSDMD, thereby inhibiting the activation of GSDMD and pyroptosis (Fig. 7)."

reach
"Accordingly, overexpression of USP18 decreases the GSDMD protein levels and LPS-triggered inflammation in vivo."

reach
"These findings indicate that the degradation of GSDMD induced by USP18 predominantly occurs through the autolysosome pathway rather than the proteasome pathway."

reach
"Moreover, USP18 was found to enhance the degradation of GSDMD induced by EBSS (Fig. S2K and L)."

reach
"Additionally, we found that the degradation of GSDMD triggered by USP18 was almost completely abolished in BECN1- or ATG5-KO cells (Fig. 2M and N)."

reach
"Additionally, single knockdown of SQSTM1/p62, OPTN, or CALCOCO2/NDP52 could not completely block USP18-mediated GSDMD degradation, while USP18 failed to increase the degradation of GSDMD in triple knockdown cells (Fig. 2Q and Fig. S2U)."

reach
"Collectively, these findings suggest that USP18 promotes GSDMD degradation through ubiquitination of GSDMD at K168, thereby impairing its subsequent pyroptosis."

reach
"To examine the potential role of MIB2 in regulating USP18-mediated GSDMD ubiquitination and degradation, we performed siRNA-mediated knockdown of MIB2 in HEK293T cells, and observed that MIB2 knockdown resulted in the abrogation of USP18-mediated ubiquitination of GSDMD (Fig. 5A and B) as well as USP18-mediated GSDMD degradation (Fig. 5C and D)."

reach
"USP18 depletion induces both GSDMD and GSDME-dependent pyroptosis upon IFN treatment."
USP18 binds GSDMD.
| 4 6
| 4 6

reach
"Together, these data suggest that USP18 binds to GSDMD and impairs GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis in an enzymatic activity-independent manner."

sparser
"GSDMD-USP18 association was increased by different inflammasome activators (Fig. xref G)."

sparser
"We observed that, similarly to wild-type (WT) USP18, enzymatically inactive mutant USP18 C64A could interact with GSDMD (Fig. xref H)."

sparser
"Together, these data suggest that USP18 binds to GSDMD and impairs GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis in an enzymatic activity-independent manner."

reach
"We observed that the interaction between GSDMD and USP18/MIB2 showed no difference in WT GSDMD and I104N GSDMD-transfected cells (Fig. S6D and E)."

sparser
"USP18 interacts with GSDMD and impairs GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis."

reach
"USP18 interacts with GSDMD and impairs GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis."

reach
"Reciprocal pull-down experiments also showed that GSDMD could associate with USP18 (Fig. S1D)."

sparser
"Then, we observed that USP18 specifically interacted with GSDMD but not CASP1/4 (Fig. xref E)."

sparser
"Reciprocal pull-down experiments also showed that GSDMD could associate with USP18 (Fig. xref D)."
USP18 ubiquitinates GSDMD.
| 2 3
USP18 leads to the ubiquitination of GSDMD. 3 / 3
| 1 2

sparser
"We observed that USP18 could apparently promote GSDMD ubiquitination (Fig. xref A)."

reach
"We observed that USP18 could apparently promote GSDMD ubiquitination (Fig. S3A)."

sparser
"Since USP18 increased GSDMD ubiquitination independent of its enzymatic activity, we speculated that USP18 possibly serves as a scaffold to recruit an E3 ubiquitin ligase for ubiquitination and degradation of GSDMD."
USP18 leads to the ubiquitination of GSDMD on K168. 2 / 2
| 1 1

reach
"USP18 increases the ubiquitination of GSDMD at K168."

sparser
"USP18 increases the ubiquitination of GSDMD at K168."
USP18 activates GSDMD.
| 3
USP18 activates GSDMD. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"Cycloheximide (CHX) chase assay further showed that USP18 deficiency also impaired the degradation rate of GSDMD (Fig. S2A and B and Fig. 2D and E)."

reach
"USP18 down-regulates the protein abundance of GSDMD, thereby inhibiting the activation of GSDMD and pyroptosis (Fig. 7)."

reach
"Taken together, these findings strongly indicate that USP18 enhances the recognition of GSDMD by multiple cargo receptors, thereby promoting its subsequent autophagic degradation."
USP18 increases the amount of GSDMD.
| 2
USP18 increases the amount of GSDMD. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"Since GSDMD could be modified by ubiquitination, we determined whether USP18 modulated the ubiquitination level of GSDMD for its degradation."

reach
"We employed a model of endotoxic shock induced by Escherichia coli LPS and found that both USP18 WT and its enzymatic mutant C61A overexpression led to a significant reduction in GSDMD protein levels compared to control mice (Fig. 6B)."
USP18 affects NFkappaB
| 3 22
USP18 inhibits NFkappaB.
| 3 19
| 3 19

reach
"USP18 inhibits NF-kappaB signaling at the level of the IKK complex."

reach
"USP18 deficiency or knockdown of USP20 resulted in enhanced K48 linked ubiquitination and accelerated degradation of STING, and impaired activation of IRF3 and NF-kappaB as well as induction of downstream genes after infection with DNA virus HSV-1 or transfection of various DNA ligands."

reach
"USP18 mediated NF-kappaB inhibition may be of importance not only for T cell adaptive immunity but also for liver inflammation."

reach
"In addition, we found that NF-kappaB activation through RIG-I (N), MAVS, or TBK1, which do not signal through TAK1, could also be inhibited by USP18 (XREF_SUPPLEMENTARY)."

eidos
"The LPS-mediated TLR4 activation in human macrophages upregulates USP18 , which in turn inhibits NF-kappaB activation , and thus the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines ( TNF-alpha , IL-6 , and IL-1beta ) via interacting with TAK1-TAB1 and IKKalpha / beta-NEMO complexes ( Table 2 ) [ 193 ] ."
| PMC

reach
"More importantly, USP18 only inhibited NF-kappaB activation in WT NEMO or NEMO (K285/309R) construct, but had no effect on NEMO (K325/326R) construct (XREF_FIG)."

eidos
"Another way that USP18 inhibited NF-kappaB activation is by deubiquitinating K63-Ub of TAK1 and NEMO [ 42 ] ."

reach
"Another way that USP18 inhibited NF-kappaB activation is by deubiquitinating K63-Ub of TAK1 and NEMO [XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"Here, we found that ectopic expression of USP18 suppressed nuclear accumulation of p65 as well as NF-kappaB activation by LPS treatment."

reach
"These results suggest that USP18 inhibits NF-kappaB signaling upstream of p65, at the level of the IKK complex."
USP18 activates NFkappaB.
| 3
| 3

reach
"Knockdown of USP18 enhances NF-kappaB activation as well as the inflammatory response."

reach
"Therefore it is tempting to suggest that early induction of NF-kappaB (24hpi) mediated by USP18 during PRRSV infection, via increasing and decreasing nuclear translocation of p65 and p50, respectively, is detrimental for viral growth."

reach
"These results suggested that the suppression of NF-kappaB signaling by USP18 is mainly dependent on the inhibition of K63 linked polyubiquitination of NEMO on lysine residues at positions 325 and 326."
1 | 7 17
| 6 10

reach
"For example, LPS treatment of a murine macrophage cell line upregulates USP18 in an IRF3 dependent manner."

reach
"USP18 can also be induced by LPS [ 29 ]."

eidos
"We next sought to determine whether TNF-alpha and LPS could induce USP18 expression in hepatocytes via the induction of IFN-alpha ."

eidos
"Usp18 is strongly upregulated by type I and type III IFNs [ 33,35,37,51,52 ] , lipopolysaccharides [ 53,54 ] , polyI :C [ 53 ] , tumor necrosis factor alpha ( TNFalpha ) [ 54 ] , or genotoxic stresses [ 35,55 ] ."

eidos
"For example , inflammatory stimuli , e.g ., endotoxin and lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) , have been shown to upregulate USP18 in peritoneal exudate macrophages ( 18 ) ."

reach
"USP18 is induced in hepatocytes by LPS and TNF-alpha but not by IL-6 and IL-10."

eidos
"USP18 can also be induced by lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) stimulation or virus infection ( Li et al ., 2016 ; MacParland et al ., 2016 ) ."

reach
"Usp18 is remarkably induced by type I and III IFNs , polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) , tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) , LPS , or genotoxic stresses ."

reach
"Bone marrow derived macrophages were isolated from wild type (WT), USP18 MKO or TAK1 MKO mice and treated with LPS or CpG, the expressions of cytokines including IL-6, IL-10, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha were measured."

eidos
"FIG 1 : USP18 expression is upregulated by TNF-alpha and LPS ."
Lipopolysaccharide increases the amount of USP18.
1 | 5
Lipopolysaccharide increases the amount of USP18. 6 / 8
1 | 5

reach
"MacParland et al. showed that TNF-alpha or LPS could target USP18 expression and thus inhibit IFN signaling [XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"USP18 mRNA expression was induced by TNF-alpha and LPS but not by IL-6 or IL-10 (XREF_FIG)."

reach
"We next sought to determine whether TNF-alpha and LPS could induce USP18 expression in hepatocytes via the induction of IFN-alpha."

"LPS strongly activates UBP43 expression in macrophages, which is paralleled by changes in UBP43 protein levels."

reach
"TNF-alpha and LPS treatment also led to augmented USP18 protein expression by Western blotting (XREF_FIG) and by intracellular staining (XREF_FIG to XREF_FIG)."

reach
"Having shown that LPS and TNF-alpha stimulation increases hepatocyte USP18 expression, we then sought to determine whether we could pharmacologically inhibit the induction of USP18 by LPS and TNF-alpha."
| 1 2

eidos
"Having shown that LPS / TNF-alpha stimulation increases hepatocyte USP18 expression , we then sought to determine whether we could pharmacologically inhibit the induction of USP18 by LPS and TNF-alpha ."

reach
"Inhibition of inflammatory signaling impairs LPS and TNF-alpha stimulated USP18 induction."

reach
"Having shown that LPS and TNF-alpha stimulation increases hepatocyte USP18 expression, we then sought to determine whether we could pharmacologically inhibit the induction of USP18 by LPS and TNF-alpha."
USP18 affects STAT
| 22
USP18 inhibits STAT.
| 16
USP18 inhibits STAT. 10 / 19
| 16

reach
"As expected, exogenous USP18 expression significantly inhibited IFN-a-induced Jak and STAT signaling as shown by decreased p-STAT1 levels and ISRE activity."

reach
"Moreover, USP18 competitively inhibits IFN-alpha and beta-induced JAK and STAT activation [XREF_BIBR] and upregulates epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression [XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"Through IFNAR1/2 receptors and the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, IFN-I has a further impact on the next important component of the development of the inflammatory response: the ISG15/USP18 axis, which regulates the activity of the immune system [36] and reduces the inflammatory response intensity by inhibiting the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, indicating that there possibly exists a negative feedback loop between USP18, IFN-I, and, therefore, TNF-α [43, 44]."

reach
"Under physiological conditions, USP18 inhibits STAT signaling, decreasing IFNalpha induced chemokine production and activation of several members of the BH3-only protein family."

reach
"USP18 negatively regulates JAK–STAT signalling independently of its isopeptidase activity by binding to the IFNAR2 sub-unit of the type 1 interferon receptor and interfering with the JAK receptor interaction [18,19]."

reach
"It has been reported that C-terminal region of USP18 (amino acid residue 312-368) competes with Jak1 for interacting with the type I IFN receptor (IFNAR2) and represses downstream Jak and STAT signaling pathway [XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"Suppression of USP18 activated the JAK and STAT signaling pathway as shown by the increased and prolonged expression of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (p-STAT1) in combination with enhanced expression of several interferon stimulated genes (ISGs)."

reach
"Usp18 can inhibit JAK/STAT signaling, while Calb2 is an unreported regeneration response, suggesting that JAK-STAT signaling may mediate the expression of immune-related genes in SCs of the chicken basilar papilla following HC damage, thus leading to the regeneration of new HCs."

reach
"22 , 23 With the establishment of BV2 microglial cells under oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in mice as models of ischemia, the results from Xiang and his partners suggested that the ubiquitin‐specific protease 18 (USP18) reduced HI injury via the suppression of microglial activation by negatively inhibiting the JAK‐STAT pathway."

reach
"Our findings indicate that USP18 inhibition induces inflammation by increasing the STAT signaling and exacerbates IFN induced beta cell apoptosis by the mitochondrial pathway of cell death."
USP18 activates STAT.
| 4
USP18 activates STAT. 4 / 7
| 4

reach
"USP18, a protein of 368 aa in length and an ISG15 isopeptidase, is a negative regulator of type I and III IFN-activated JAK/STAT signaling [142], and is rapidly upregulated by viral infection and IFNs."

reach
"Ye et al. (2021) demonstrated that DENV-2 infection increased USP18 expression; USP18 overexpression enhanced DENV-2 replication, while USP18 silencing inhibited DENV-2 replication by activating the IFN-α-mediated JAK/STAT signaling pathway."

reach
"By inhibiting the JAK/STAT pathway and suppressing the downstream effects of type I IFN signaling USP18 effectively reduces auto-inflammatory pathogenesis."

reach
"In contrast, silencing USP18 activates the Jak and STAT signaling and potentiates IFN anti-HCV ativity [XREF_BIBR]."
USP18 dephosphorylates STAT.
| 2
USP18 leads to the dephosphorylation of STAT. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"Hence, through stabilizing the interaction between STAT2 and IFNAR2, USP18 may also negatively regulate the STAT phosphorylation process by decreasing the STAT phosphorylation turnover rate and the activation of the ISGF3 complex."

reach
"Patient-derived fibroblasts showed enhanced IFN-induced inflammation and enhanced and prolonged STAT phosphorylation which could be reversed by transduction of cells with wild-type USP18."
USP18 affects Neoplasms
| 26
USP18 activates Neoplasms.
| 15
| 15

reach
"Myeloid-lineage-specific deletion of USP18 suppresses tumor progression."

reach
"In malignant tumors, USP18 is elevated and activates AKT/mTOR signaling, promotes phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT) and p-mTOR protein expression, leading to cancer cell proliferation and migration (106)."

reach
"Silencing USP18 reduced tumor growth in vivo by mediating POU4F1/PRKAA2 axis."

reach
"In males, androgens modulate the expression of USP18 via binding and activation of the androgen receptor (AR) transcription factor, thereby promoting tumor initiation and progression [14]."

reach
"Compared with normal saline treatment, paclitaxol treatment significantly inhibited tumor growth, and USP18 knockdown slightly reduced tumor growth ( Fig. 4 A&B)."

reach
"Furthermore, we transfected USP18 overexpression plasmids into bladder cancer cell lines stably overexpressing BCCE4[A] and found that USP18 overexpression restored the tumor‐suppressing function of BCCE4[A] (Figure S26, Supporting Information)."

reach
"PLX3397 abrogated USP18 deficiency-induced reduction in pro-tumor/immunosuppressive macrophages (Figure 4C), supporting that USP18-mediated downregulation of CSF1R expression contributes to macrophage polarization.In addition to the changes in TAM population, there were significant changes in T cell population."

reach
"USP18 enhanced tumor growth in vivo via mediating POU4F1 and PRKAA2."

reach
"41 , 42 Consistent with the above findings, we also found that USP18 could restore the tumor‐suppressing function of BCCE4[A], indicating that USP18 plays an oncogenic role in bladder cancer."

reach
"Here, we report that deletion of USP18 in myeloid cells suppresses tumor growth and enhances activation of cytotoxic CD8 cells."
USP18 inhibits Neoplasms.
| 11
| 11

reach
"Tumor volume and weight were decreased in sh-USP18 group or sh-POU4F1 group of xenograft mice relative to sh-NC group, while overexpression of POU4F1 or PRKAA2 respectively rescued the tumor growth inhibition caused by sh-USP18 or sh-POU4F1 (Fig. 7B-C)."

reach
"Since the NLRP3 inflammasome can be formed and activated by DAMPs, PLK2-induced DAMPs release could also be important for GSDMD pathway activation in USP18 depleted tumor environment in vivo."

reach
"Finally, to further test for ICD in Usp18-depleted tumors, we used the gold standard vaccination assay (Supplementary Fig. 10a)."

reach
"Since the NLRP3 inflammasome can be formed and activated by DAMPs, PLK2-induced DAMP release could also be crucial for GSDMD pathway activation in the USP18-depleted tumor environment in vivo."

reach
"These results suggest that USP18 deletion leads to CSF1R downregulation in TAMs and a decrease in pro-tumor/immunosuppressive macrophages, contributing to enhanced anti-tumor macrophage polarization, consequently promoting a Th1-dominant TME and enhancing CD8 T cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity, in agreement with previous reports."

reach
"However, according to research by Hong et al., increased USP18 expression in tumor cells would in turn inhibit carcinogenesis, whereas decreased USP18 promotes tumor growth and lowers immunosurveillance by decreasing the exogenous synthesis of IFN-γ and the survival of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in TME [178]."

reach
"In the breast cancer spontaneous PyVmT mouse model of mammary tumorigenesis, initial evidence showed that Usp18 knock-out mice had reduced tumor growth and increased CD4 + T cell infiltrates as flow c[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"mRNA and protein levels of USP18 are found to be elevated in diverse cancers and USP18 loss has been shown to restrict tumor growth."

reach
"USP18 loss in murine CT26 tumors inhibits tumor growth in vivo."

reach
"To determine if USP18 loss can inhibit in vivo tumor growth in the presence of physiological Type I IFN concentrations, we genetically ablated murine Usp18 (mUsp18) in murine CT26 colorectal cancer cells (mUsp18 CT26)."
MAP3K7 affects USP18
5 | 12 6
MAP3K7 binds USP18.
5 | 9 6
5 | 9 5

reach
"We next examined whether USP18 interacted with TAK1."

reach
"USP18 binds and deubiquitinates TAK1 to attenuate hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in non-alcoholic liver disease (37)."

sparser
"However, NEMO deficiency did not lead to loss of interaction between USP18 and TAK1 ( xref ), suggesting that USP18 targets TAK1 complex and IKK complex by distinct mechanisms."

sparser
"In terms of mechanism, we screened some targets of USP18 in mouse primary HSCs and found that USP18 could directly bind to TAK1."

sparser
"Moreover, USP18 also binds to and deubiquitinates TAK1, thereby promoting hepatic inflammatory responses ( xref – xref )."

reach
"Interestingly, in transfection experiments, Usp18 bound to and deubiquitinated Tak1, thereby reducing its kinase activity and the associated downstream signaling."

No evidence text available

reach
"Mechanistically, USP18 interacts with the TAK1-TAB1 complex and deubiquitinates TAK1, thereby restricting TCR-mediated NF-κB and NFAT activation, and subsequent expression of IL-2."

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
| 1

sparser
"Furthermore, USP18 interacted with TAK1-TAB1 complex and IKKα/β-NEMO complex, respectively."
MAP3K7 activates USP18.
| 3
MAP3K7 activates USP18. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"However, NEMO deficiency did not lead to loss of interaction between USP18 and TAK1 (XREF_FIG), suggesting that USP18 targets TAK1 complex and IKK complex by distinct mechanisms."

reach
"After TLR ligand stimulation, TAK1 and NEMO undergo K63 linked ubiquitination by TRAF6, while upregulated USP18 targets TAK1 and NEMO."

reach
"Considering the phenotypes observed with Tak -/- and Usp18 -/- T cells or Usp18 -/- T cells transfected with USP18 (WT) or USP18 (C61S), we further hypothesized that USP18 targets TAK1 complex and catalyzes deubiquitination of TAK1."
USP18 is modified
| 17 5
USP18 is ubiquitinated.
| 13
USP18 is ubiquitinated. 10 / 13
| 13

sparser
"SKP-Cullin-F-box protein (SCF SKP2 ) accelerates USP18 ubiquitination, thereby leading to its proteasomal degradation."

sparser
"However, sorafenib treatment significantly decreased the ubiquitination and degradation of USP18 (Fig. xref )."

sparser
"SKP (S-phase kinase-associated protein)-Cullin-F-box protein (SCF SKP2 ) facilitates USP18 ubiquitination and subsequent degradation by the proteasomes."

sparser
"In this study, we demonstrate that UBP43 is ubiquitinated in vivo and accumulates in cells treated with proteasome inhibitors."

sparser
"Current models suggest that ISG15 antagonizes the SKP2‐mediated ubiquitination and degradation of USP18, promoting its functions [ xref , xref , xref ]."

sparser
"Furthermore, knockdown of ISG15 enhances the ubiquitination of USP18, leading to a reduction in the accumulation of USP18 in sorafenib-treated HCC cells (Fig. xref and Supplementary Fig. xref )."

sparser
"The non-covalent interactions of ISG15 and USP18 prevent the ubiquitination of USP18 by S-phase kinase-associated protein two and stabilize the downregulation of the IFN signaling pathway by USP18 ( xref ; xref )."

sparser
"Skp2 promotes the ubiquitination of UBP43 and subsequent degradation by the proteasomes, suggesting that the SCFSkp2 may be involved in the regulation of type I IFN signaling by controlling the stability of UBP43."

sparser
"Given that knockdown of USP18 leads to increased K48-linked ubiquitination of proteins, we speculated that USP18 K48-linked ubiquitination of Notch1 and thus stabilizes Notch1."

sparser
"The skp2 protein, a substrate recognition factor for SCF-E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes, promoted USP18 ubiquitination and degradation [82] ."
USP18 is phosphorylated.
| 1 5
USP18 is phosphorylated. 3 / 3
| 1 2

sparser
"In contrast to what was observed for human fibroblasts, WT and Isg15 -deficient MEFs accumulated similar levels of phosphorylated Stat2, Ifit2 and Usp18 over the time course of the experiment ( xref )."

rlimsp
"In contrast to what was observed for human fibroblasts, WT and Isg15-deficient MEFs accumulated similar levels of phosphorylated Stat2, Ifit2 and Usp18 over the time course of the experiment (Fig. 4a)."

rlimsp
"Specifically, IFN-α induced the phosphorylation of STAT1 and USP18 silencing enhanced the STAT1 activation and phosphorylation for a longer periods of time compared to the control group (Fig 6C), leading to increased expression of ISGs, and thus enhanced the antiviral activity against HBV in Hepg2.2.15 cells."
USP18 is phosphorylated. 3 / 3
| 3

rlimsp
"Furthermore, total and phosphorylated CDK2, SAMHD1, USP18, and GAPDH as loading control were detected, using the respective antibodies."

rlimsp
"(C) Protein lysates from PMA-differentiated SAMHD1KO THP-1 cells expressing pEV, USP18, and its active-site mutant C64A were immunoblotted for p21, RNR2, TYMS, E2F1, total and phosphorylated CDK2, p53, USP18, and GAPDH using the respective antibodies after SDS-mediated denaturing gel electrophoresis."

rlimsp
"USP18 was shown to deubiquitinates TAK1, leading to its decreased phosphorylation in case of cardiac hypertrophy (Ying et al., 2016; Figure )."
USP18 is methylated.
| 3
USP18 is methylated. 3 / 3
| 3

sparser
"For example, a recent study indicated that USP18 methylation is predominantly downregulated, whereas its expression is upregulated in breast cancer, which is positively associated with increasing TNM stage, worse disease-free survival rate and HER2 + patients, but negatively associated with apoptosis ( xref )."

sparser
"Particularly, the cortical thicknesses of the bilateral superior frontal gyri, which were negatively correlated with USP18 cg25484698 DNA methylation, were significantly lower in the MDD group than in[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

sparser
"Moreover, we shed new light on the possible importance of the USP18 gene in the development of depression, by showing the correlation of USP18 DNA methylation with changes in the thickness of the PFC [MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
USP18 affects JAK
| 16
USP18 inhibits JAK.
| 12
USP18 inhibits JAK. 10 / 15
| 11

reach
"It has been reported that C-terminal region of USP18 (amino acid residue 312-368) competes with Jak1 for interacting with the type I IFN receptor (IFNAR2) and represses downstream Jak and STAT signaling pathway [XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"In humans, USP18 negatively regulates the JAK–STAT signaling pathway, and is therefore considered to be an inhibitor of type-I anti-viral signaling ( Malakhov et al., 2002, 2003 )."

reach
"In both IFN α/β-treated and untreated USP18-knockdown cells, USP18 negatively regulates the JAK/STAT pathway to amplify and strengthen IFN signalling [ 43 ]."

reach
"22 , 23 With the establishment of BV2 microglial cells under oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in mice as models of ischemia, the results from Xiang and his partners suggested that the ubiquitin‐specific protease 18 (USP18) reduced HI injury via the suppression of microglial activation by negatively inhibiting the JAK‐STAT pathway."

reach
"Taken together, we concluded that USP18 potentiates the anti-HBV activity of IFN-alpha by targeting the JAK and STAT signaling pathway in Hepg2.2.15 cells."

reach
"As expected, exogenous USP18 expression significantly inhibited IFN-a-induced Jak and STAT signaling as shown by decreased p-STAT1 levels and ISRE activity."

reach
"USP18 negatively regulates JAK–STAT signalling independently of its isopeptidase activity by binding to the IFNAR2 sub-unit of the type 1 interferon receptor and interfering with the JAK receptor interaction [18,19]."

reach
"Through IFNAR1/2 receptors and the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, IFN-I has a further impact on the next important component of the development of the inflammatory response: the ISG15/USP18 axis, which regulates the activity of the immune system [36] and reduces the inflammatory response intensity by inhibiting the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, indicating that there possibly exists a negative feedback loop between USP18, IFN-I, and, therefore, TNF-α [43, 44]."

reach
"Suppression of USP18 activated the JAK and STAT signaling pathway as shown by the increased and prolonged expression of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (p-STAT1) in combination with enhanced expression of several interferon stimulated genes (ISGs)."

reach
"Moreover, USP18 competitively inhibits IFN-alpha and beta-induced JAK and STAT activation [XREF_BIBR] and upregulates epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression [XREF_BIBR]."
USP18 bound to interferon receptor inhibits JAK. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"Interestingly, USP18 in humans (but not in mice) can also interfere with the anti-viral outcome of IFN signaling by an additional mechanism: USP18 can bind the interferon receptor 2 (IFNAR2), block the association of JAK, and possibly limit IFNAR2-IFNAR1 dimerization, thereby interfering with the JAK-STAT signaling pathway [89]."
USP18 activates JAK.
| 4
USP18 activates JAK. 4 / 5
| 4

reach
"USP18, a protein of 368 aa in length and an ISG15 isopeptidase, is a negative regulator of type I and III IFN-activated JAK/STAT signaling [142], and is rapidly upregulated by viral infection and IFNs."

reach
"Ye et al. (2021) demonstrated that DENV-2 infection increased USP18 expression; USP18 overexpression enhanced DENV-2 replication, while USP18 silencing inhibited DENV-2 replication by activating the IFN-α-mediated JAK/STAT signaling pathway."

reach
"In contrast, silencing USP18 activates the Jak and STAT signaling and potentiates IFN anti-HCV ativity [XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"By inhibiting the JAK/STAT pathway and suppressing the downstream effects of type I IFN signaling USP18 effectively reduces auto-inflammatory pathogenesis."
USP18 affects ZEB1
2 | 14 4
USP18 binds ZEB1.
2 | 1 4
2 | 1 4

sparser
"In the current study, our results demonstrated that USP18 directly interacted with ZEB1 and suppressed the poly-ubiquitination of ZEB1, thereby stabilising ZEB1 expression in human ESCC cells."

sparser
"USP18 interacted with ZEB1 and reduced the poly-ubiquitination of ZEB1, thereby stabilising ZEB1 and leading to the induction of the EMT process ( Fig. 5 G)."

reach
"As expected, the Co-IP assays indicated the interaction between USP18 and ZEB1 using endogenous USP18 and ZEB1 antibodies in TE10 and ECA109 cells ( Fig. 5 A)."

sparser
"To test this hypothesis, we examined whether USP18 interacted with ZEB1 in ESCC cells."

sparser
"As expected, the Co-IP assays indicated the interaction between USP18 and ZEB1 using endogenous USP18 and ZEB1 antibodies in TE10 and ECA109 cells ( Fig. 5 A)."

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
USP18 deubiquitinates ZEB1.
| 5
USP18 deubiquitinates ZEB1. 5 / 5
| 5

reach
"Another agent promoting EMT is ZEB1 deubiquitinated by ubiquitin-specific peptidase 18 (USP18) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, while overall SUMOylation is associated with cancer progression [81]."

reach
"In a similar vein, USP18 was determined to bolster tumour proliferation, migration, and invasion by deubiquitinating ZEB1 and Snail1 and solidifying their expression [18, 19]."

reach
"In the current study, our results demonstrated that USP18 directly interacted with ZEB1 and suppressed the poly-ubiquitination of ZEB1, thereby stabilising ZEB1 expression in human ESCC cells."

reach
"USP18 interacted with ZEB1 and reduced the poly-ubiquitination of ZEB1, thereby stabilising ZEB1 and leading to the induction of the EMT process ( Fig. 5 G)."

reach
"USP18 also deubiquitinates ZEB1 and enhances EMT and metastasis in oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas."
USP18 increases the amount of ZEB1.
| 3
USP18 increases the amount of ZEB1. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"As shown in Fig. 4 E, knockdown of USP18 decreased ZEB1 expression, whereas the upregulation of ZEB1 attenuated the loss of ZEB1 expression in TE10/shUSP18 cells."

reach
"Indeed, knockdown of USP18 significantly suppressed the expression of ZEB1, as well as the EMT process and metabolic phenotype of ESCC cells."

reach
"Finally, our results revealed that USP18 knockdown obviously reduced the ubiquitination level of ZEB1 in ESCC cells ( Fig. 5 F)."
USP18 activates ZEB1.
| 3
USP18 activates ZEB1. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"Of note, USP18 functioned as the DUB of ZEB1 protein and enhanced the stability of ZEB1 protein, ultimately expediting ESCC cell invasion and metastasis [32]."

reach
"Our data demonstrated that the mRNA level of ZEB1 was not significantly different after alteration of USP18 in ESCC cells ( Supplementary Fig. 4 ), indicating that USP18 positively regulates ZEB1 at p[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"In this cancer, USP18 enhances the protein stability of zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) through the decreased ubiquitination of ZEB1, increasing the migration and invasion abilities of ESCC cells [90]."
USP18 inhibits ZEB1.
| 2
USP18 inhibits ZEB1. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"We found that knockdown of USP18 led to downregulation of ZEB1 in these synchronized cells ( Supplementary Fig. 3 ), which suggested that the downregulation of ZEB1 caused by USP18 silencing is not an[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"As shown in Fig. 5 C and D, the data indicated that USP18 silencing significantly promoted the degeneration of ZEB1 protein in ESCC cells."
USP18 affects MAVS
3 | 2 15
USP18 binds MAVS.
3 | 1 14
3 | 1 14

sparser
"The interaction between USP18 and MAVS is enhanced following viral infection, suggesting the possible regulation of MAVS activity by USP18."

sparser
"USP18 C64S , the mutation of cysteine residues in the enzymatic center of USP18, can interact with MAVS and enhances the ubiquitination as well as aggregation of MAVS comparable to the wild-type USP18, suggesting USP18 is involved in MAVS-mediated signaling pathway independent of its enzymatic activity."

sparser
"For example, USP18 specifically interacts with MAVS, promoting the K63-linked polyubiquitination and subsequent aggregation of MAVS when infected with SeV or Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV)."

sparser
"USP18 interacts with MAVS in the RLR signaling pathway."

sparser
"To investigate whether USP18 specifically interacts with MAVS, we utilized the Co-IP assay to examine the interaction between the signaling molecules in the RLR signaling pathway and USP18."

sparser
"The results showed that USP18 mainly interacted with MAVS, while there was no or weak association with upstream molecules RIG-I or MDA5 and downstream molecules TBK1 or IRF3 in the RLRs signaling pathway (Fig.  xref )."

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

sparser
"This enhanced complex formation of USP18 and MAVS was further validated through the PLA assay, in which the number of spots representing the endogenous USP18-MAVS complex increased significantly following SeV infection (Fig.  xref )."

sparser
"Since MAVS is localized in mitochondria, we further isolated the mitochondrial fraction and observed an enhanced interaction between MAVS and USP18 in mitochondria following SeV infection (Fig.  xref )."
USP18 ubiquitinates MAVS.
| 1 1
USP18 ubiquitinates MAVS. 2 / 2
| 1 1

reach
"Previous studies have shown that ubiquitin specific peptidase 18 (Usp18) is involved in the negative regulation of IFN-induced inflammation and is enriched in the mitochondria of virus-infected cells to promote the polyubiquitination and aggregation of mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) [33]."

sparser
"We observed that knockdown of TRIM31 in HEK293T cells led to the abrogation of the enhanced K63-linked ubiquitination of MAVS by USP18 (Fig.  xref )."
IFNA affects USP18
2 | 2 12 4
IFNA activates USP18.
| 2 7 1
IFNA activates USP18. 10 / 10
| 2 7 1

reach
"In addition, we show that IFN-alpha upregulates ISG15 and USP18 via STAT1, and that, in turn, each of these 2 proteins alone can mimic the effects of IFN-alpha on neurogenesis."

reach
"Here, goat IFN-α induced the upregulation of the negative regulatory factors SOCS1 and USP18, and the positive regulatory factors IFI6, cGAS, TLR3, and STAT1."

reach
"In our microarray analysis of IFN treated PHH, USP18 was induced preferentially by IFN-alpha."

reach
"IFNalpha induced beta cell apoptosis in USP18 silenced cells is mediated via three members of the BH3-only protein family."

reach
"Interestingly, unlike the results shown in XREF_FIG for ISG15, ISG56 and ISG12, we observed little or no IFN-alpha induction of the ISG43 mRNA by northern blotting in A. 2 Akata cells (which exhibited high and prolonged ISG expression), whereas induction of ISG43 expression was easily detectable in A. 15 cells (data not shown)."

reach
"Indeed, USP18 was induced almost exclusively by IFN-alpha."

sparser
"The defect in the UBP43-mediated negative feedback control of IFN signaling that we have uncovered is in the IFN-α-induced expression of UBP43, either in the transcriptional activation of the UBP43 gene by IFN-α, or in a co- or post-transcriptional event that results in a specific reduction in UBP43 mRNA production."

eidos
"Supporting this idea , we could verify that USP18 was expressed in both Tregs and Tconvs and was strongly induced by IFNalpha in a time - and dose-dependent fashion , as measured by intracellular staining of the USP18 protein ( not shown ) ."

reach
"Furthermore, knockdown of USP18 increases both ISG induction and anti-HCV activity of IFN-alpha, and data have shown that IFN-alpha treatment given to mice in vivo increases hepatic USP18 and blunts the effect of a subsequent dose of IFN-alpha."

eidos
"FIG 5 : IFN-alpha , LPS , and TNF-alpha do not induce type 1/2 IFN in primary murine hepatocytes but do induce USP18 ."
IFNA increases the amount of USP18.
2 | 5 1
IFNA increases the amount of USP18. 8 / 8
2 | 5 1

"Table: IFNA treatment"

"Table 3. Genes on chromosome 22 exhibiting IFN-sensitive expression changes"

reach
"In contrast to IFN-λ treatment, IFN-α treatment of this clone failed to induce the expression of the IFN-stimulated genes, Oasl2 (Fig. 2A) and Usp18 (Fig. 2B), and to protect against infection with TM967, a TMEV derivative expressing mCherry (Fig. 2C)."

reach
"IFN-alpha, LPS, and TNF-alpha do not induce type 1 and 2 IFNs in primary murine hepatocytes but do induce USP18 expression."

reach
"We indeed demonstrated that both concentrations of IFN-alpha (500 and 5000 pg/mL) significantly increased mRNA gene expression of STAT1 (fold change [fc] = 2.7 and 3.1, respectively), ISG15 (fc = 2.1 and 3.3), and USP18 (fc = 2.1 and 3.4) (XREF_FIG)."

reach
"Untreated INS-1E cells showed low USP18 mRNA expression, but IFNalpha upregulated USP18 expression from 2 to 24h (XREF_FIG)."

reach
"XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR We presently show that IFNalpha and dsRNA induce USP18 expression in human islets, primary rat beta cells and INS-1E cells, supporting its role in IFN related signaling pathways and antiviral responses in pancreatic beta cells."

sparser
"Although IL-17A treatment alone didn’t significantly change the expression of USP18, IL-17A pretreatment could further enhance IFN-α-induced expression of USP18."
IFNA binds USP18.
| 2
| 2

sparser
"The IFN-mediated activation of the Jak-STAT pathway is tightly regulated by various cellular factors such as SOCS family members, USP18, the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), and protein inhibitors of STAT (PIAS).[ xref ] Along those lines, SOCS1 and SOCS3 transcriptional expression in hepatocytes remains detectable for only a short period of time upon alfa treatment indicating that by inhibiting Janus kinases both proteins are likely responsible for early termination of STAT activation.[ xref ] In addition, the sustained up-regulation of USP18 was associated with a long-lasting refractory state to IFN-α stimulation in hepatocytes and other primary human cells.[ xref ] The specific interaction of USP18 with IFNAR2 selectively affects IFN—induced signaling while having a marginal effect on other classes of IFNs, including type III IFNs."

sparser
"USP18 decreased IFNα binding to U6A cells only in the presence of full length STAT2 but not STAT2ΔCC/DB ( xref ), supporting the notion that interaction of STAT2 and USP18 is important for the type I IFN ligand-receptor binding."
WT1 affects USP18
| 8 9
WT1 binds USP18.
| 1 9
| 1 9

sparser
"By luciferase reporter assay we identified the shortest promoter fragment responsible for WT1-mediated repression and also demonstrated direct binding of WT1 to the promoter of Usp18 ."

sparser
"In order to study further the interaction between WT1 and the Usp18 promoter, we attempted to identify regions in the promoter conserved between mouse and human."

sparser
"While we were able to demonstrate robust binding of WT1 to the Usp18 promoter by ChIP-Seq, this promoter was not identified by a ChIP-chip analysis of chromatin from a later stage of mouse kidney development (E18.5) [ xref ]."

reach
"Furthermore, direct binding of WT1 to the Usp18 promoter was demonstrated by ChIP assay."

sparser
"In both murine and human cell lines, an increase expression of USP18 is associated with the activity of WT1."

sparser
"WT1 binds directly to the Usp18 promoter and suppresses its transcription."

sparser
"Furthermore, direct binding of WT1 to the Usp18 promoter was demonstrated by ChIP assay."

sparser
"In order to determine whether WT1 binds to the Usp18 promoter, cross-linked protein-DNA fragments were immunoprecipitated by anti-WT1 antibody from M15 cell lysates."

sparser
"Furthermore, to demonstrate WT1 binding to the USP18 promoter in human cells, we used T-REx™ -293 WT1(-KTS) cells in which FLAG-tagged WT1 (-KTS) expression can be induced."

sparser
"Collectively these results indicate that WT1 specifically binds to the endogenous Usp18 promoter."
WT1 decreases the amount of USP18.
| 6
WT1 decreases the amount of USP18. 6 / 6
| 6

reach
"Taken together our data demonstrate that Usp18 is a transcriptional target of WT1 and suggest that increased expression of USP18 following WT1 loss contributes to Wilms tumorigenesis."

reach
"These two independent experiments suggest that WT1 represses Usp18 expression in mammalian cells."

reach
"Cumulatively, these data indicate that WT1 (-KTS) down-regulates Usp18 expression via direct or indirect interaction with the Usp18 promoter."

reach
"Despite this increased expression, this truncated WT1 still was unable to repress the expression of the Usp18 reporter construct."

reach
"A variety of subsequent, in vitro experiments consistently supported the notion that WT1 suppresses Usp18 expression, and we therefore conclude that Usp18 is a bona fide target for WT1 transcriptional regulatory function in the embryonic kidney."

reach
"Taken together our data suggest that increased expression of USP18 following WT1 loss contributes to Wilms tumorigenesis."
WT1 increases the amount of USP18.
| 1
WT1 increases the amount of USP18. 1 / 3
| 1

reach
"This suggests that the WT1 (-KTS) isoform modulates USP18 expression but not the WT1 (+ KTS) isoform."
| 1 16
| 1 11

reach
"Our findings indicate that USP18 inhibition induces inflammation by increasing the STAT signaling and exacerbates IFN induced beta cell apoptosis by the mitochondrial pathway of cell death."

reach
"A partial form of inherited human USP18 deficiency underlies infection and inflammation."

eidos
"The upregulation of USP18 ameliorated hind limbs ' motor function , inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis after SCII in rats ."

reach
"From the transcriptomic analysis we selected USP18, previously shown to decrease inflammation and insulin-resistance."

reach
"Through IFNAR1/2 receptors and the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, IFN-I has a further impact on the next important component of the development of the inflammatory response: the ISG15/USP18 axis, which regulates the activity of the immune system [36] and reduces the inflammatory response intensity by inhibiting the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, indicating that there possibly exists a negative feedback loop between USP18, IFN-I, and, therefore, TNF-α [43, 44]."

reach
"USP18 silencing enhanced basal inflammation and senescence."

reach
"Previous studies indicated that USP18 inhibited inflammation by negatively regulating NF-κB signaling pathway [31,32], and GSDMD-N terminal fragments form transmembrane pores to enable the release of IL-1β [33–35]."

reach
"Suppression of USP18 promotes inflammation by STAT signaling and aggravates β-cell apoptosis induced by IFN through the cell death in mitochondria (114)."

reach
"While upregulation of interferon-responsive genes suggests some form of long-lasting intrinsic inflammation response, ISG15 and USP18 in fact act to limit inflammation by controlling the NF-kB pathway[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"USP18 can also reduce intracellular inflammation and stress signaling by inhibiting the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway, which predisposes cells to ER stress and potentially affects CHOP expression ."
| 5

reach
"The natural flavonoid cardamonin (CAR), a specific USP18 agonist, significantly improves cardiac function in TAC mice by enhancing USP18-mediated anti-hypertrophic effects, as evidenced by increased ejection fraction (EF%), reduced B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels, and attenuated myocardial inflammation/fibrosis [157]."

reach
"Silencing of USP18 causes an increase in cell-associated ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 and in IL-6 secretion, as well as attenuation of inflammation by blocking the NFB pathway, according to Auclair et al. [40]."

reach
"Knockdown of USP18 enhances NF-kappaB activation as well as the inflammatory response."

reach
"We further confirm the alleviating effect of USP18 on LPS-triggered inflammation in vivo."

reach
"Although distinct reductions in adaptive immunity-related genes were observed, no differences were observed in the mRNA levels of the more general inflammatory cytokines C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (Ccl2) and C-C motif chemokine ligand 3 (Ccl3) or ubiquitin-specific peptidase 18 (Usp18), which mediates the regulation of the inflammatory response to type 1 interferon (Fig. 3D)."
USP18 affects STING1
2 | 8 6
USP18 binds STING1.
2 | 1 6
2 | 1 2

reach
"Zhang et al. studied the effect of USP18 (also known as UBP43) on STING and revealed that USP18 interacts with STING to affect IFN-promotor activity [XREF_BIBR]."

sparser
"USP18 does not interact directly with STING but maintains normal phosphorylation of downstream IRF3 and induction of IFN-I by recruiting USP20 to catalyze the K33/K48 linkage ubiquitination of STING and to protect STING from proteasome-dependent degradation ( xref , xref )."

sparser
"Zhang et al. studied the effect of USP18 (also known as UBP43) on STING and revealed that USP18 interacts with STING to affect IFN-promotor activity [ xref ]."

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
| 4

sparser
"We found that USP18 and USP20 both interact with STING in SCC9 cells."

sparser
"Immunoprecipitation revealed that both USP18 and USP20 interacted with the N-terminal region of the STING protein."

sparser
"Collectively, these results showed that USP18 and USP20 interact with STING and that a deficiency of either USP18 or USP20 affects the stability of STING in SCC9 cells."

sparser
"Our above results demonstrated that (1) USP18 and USP20 correlate with limited oHSV-1 T1012G virus yields in SCC9 cells; (2) USP18 and USP20 interact with STING and alter the levels of STING proteins in SCC9 cells; and (3) altered STING accumulation regulates viral replication in SCC9 and SCC25 cells, while we need to further examine whether the DUB activity of USP18 or USP20 is crucial for the regulation of STING stabilization and oHSV-1 T1012G virus replication."
USP18 deubiquitinates STING1.
| 4
USP18 deubiquitinates STING1. 4 / 4
| 4

reach
"USP18 does not deubiquitinate STING in vitro but facilitates USP20 to catalyze deubiquitination of STING in a manner independently of the enzymatic activity of USP18 (91)."

reach
"The USP family of DUBs is very important, with USP13, USP18, USP20, USP21, USP44, and USP49 shown to mediate the deubiquitination of STING (Chen et al., 2021)."

reach
"USP18 did not deubiquitinate STING in vitro but facilitated USP20 to catalyze deubiquitination of STING in a manner independent of the enzymatic activity of USP18."

reach
"Subsequently, they searched for DUBs that interact with USP18 and found that knockdown of USP20 inhibited USP18 induced deubiquitination of STING and knockdown of USP18 inhibited USP20 induced deubiquitination of STING [XREF_BIBR]."
USP18 activates STING1.
| 2
USP18 activates STING1. 2 / 4
| 2

reach
"In addition, USP18 can recruit the deubiquitinase USP20 to deconjugate the ubiquitination of STING and enhance the stability of STING and the induction of IFN-I and inflammatory cytokines during DNA virus infection [96]."

reach
"And, Zhang M. et al. have reported that USP18 recruits USP20 to deconjugate K48 linked ubiquitination chains from STING and promotes the stability of STING [XREF_BIBR]."
USP18 inhibits STING1.
| 1
USP18 inhibits STING1. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"USP18 deficiency or knockdown of USP20 resulted in enhanced K48 linked ubiquitination and accelerated degradation of STING, and impaired activation of IRF3 and NF-kappaB as well as induction of downstream genes after infection with DNA virus HSV-1 or transfection of various DNA ligands."
USP18 affects SLC7A11
| 12 6
USP18 binds SLC7A11.
| 5 6
| 5 6

sparser
"Likewise, cystine deprivation increases the SLC7A11 and USP18 interaction and enhances SLC7A11 deubiquitylation by USP18, whereas decreases the SLC7A11 and KCTD10 interaction and reduces SLC7A11 polyubiquitylation by KCTD10."

reach
"Specifically, USP18 binds to again the cytoplasmic N-terminal domain of SLC7A11 via its internal domain (AA 51–150) and stabilizes SLC7A11 by extending its protein half-life (Zhou et al., 2024)."

reach
"Likewise, cystine deprivation increases the SLC7A11 and USP18 interaction and enhances SLC7A11 deubiquitylation by USP18, whereas decreases the SLC7A11 and KCTD10 interaction and reduces SLC7A11 polyubiquitylation by KCTD10."

reach
"Thus, we focused on USP18 for further detailed characterization.We first validated the interaction between SLC7A11 and USP18, and found that ectopically expressed SLC7A11 interacts with endogenous USP18 (Fig. 4B)."

reach
"Moreover, the interaction between SLC7A11 and USP18 at endogenous levels was also detected (Fig. 4C)."

reach
"Inactivation of CRL E3 ligase through neddylation blockage (by MLN4924) would, therefore, cause the accumulation of SLC7A11 at the transcriptional levels by the Keap1-NRF2-SLC7A11 and β-TrCP-ATF4-SLC7A11 axes through increased transcription, and at the posttranslational level by the KCTD10–SLC7A11 axis through reduced degradation.In this study, we also characterized USP18 as a deubiquitylase that stabilizes SLC7A11 with the following lines of supporting evidence: 1) USP18 binds to SLC7A11 through its intermediate domain (AA 51-150) and SLC7A11 interacts with USP18 through its N-terminal domain; 2) USP18 overexpression or knockdown increases or decreases SLC7A11 levels, by extending or shortening the SLC7A11 protein half-life, respectively; 3) USP18 decreases the levels of SLC7A11 polyubiquitylation.Whether or under what physiological and pathological conditions that SLC7A11 is subjected to KCTD10 and USP18 regulation?"

sparser
"We first validated the interaction between SLC7A11 and USP18, and found that ectopically expressed SLC7A11 interacts with endogenous USP18 ( xref )."

sparser
"In this study, we also characterized USP18 as a deubiquitylase that stabilizes SLC7A11 with the following lines of supporting evidence: 1) USP18 binds to SLC7A11 through its intermediate domain (AA 51-150) and SLC7A11 interacts with USP18 through its N-terminal domain; 2) USP18 overexpression or knockdown increases or decreases SLC7A11 levels, by extending or shortening the SLC7A11 protein half-life, respectively; 3) USP18 decreases the levels of SLC7A11 polyubiquitylation."

sparser
"Moreover, the interaction between SLC7A11 and USP18 at endogenous levels was also detected ( xref )."

sparser
"Here we showed a dynamic regulation of the SLC7A11 stability by KCTD10 and USP18 in response to cystine levels in the culture, as evidenced by 1) cystine deprivation decreases the levels of KCTD10, but increases the levels of USP18, which is reversed/rescued by cystine resupply, and 2) cystine deprivations disrupts the SLC7A11–KCTD10 interaction to reduce SLC7A11 ubiquitylation, whereas increases the SLC7A11USP18 interaction to enhance SLC7A11 deubiquitylation."
USP18 activates SLC7A11.
| 4
USP18 activates SLC7A11. 4 / 4
| 4

reach
"Likewise, USP18 knockdown inhibited cell viability, which was rescued by ectopic SLC7A11 expression (Fig. 5L and SI Appendix, Fig. S6L), suggesting the survival-promoting role of USP18 is mediated via up-regulating SLC7A11."

reach
"We propose that during breast carcinogenesis, decreased KCTD10 and increased USP18 would cause SLC7A11 accumulation to increase cystine uptake and consumption for the maintenance of rapid metabolism."

reach
"Thus, in contrast to KCTD10, USP18 promotes the survival of breast cancer cells by stabilizing SLC7A11 to suppress ferroptosis."

reach
"Upon cystine starvation, the levels of KCTD10 or USP18 are decreased or increased, respectively, to cause accumulation of SLC7A11, leading to enhanced cystine uptake/consumption and resistance to ferroptosis (Fig. 7L)."
USP18 increases the amount of SLC7A11.
| 3
USP18 increases the amount of SLC7A11. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"Indeed, USP18 knockdown significantly reduced SLC7A11 levels in multiple human cancer lines (Fig. 4H and SI Appendix, Fig. S5C), but had moderate effects on SLC7A11 mRNA levels (Fig. 4I and SI Appendix, Fig. S5D)."

reach
"Moreover, USP18 overexpression increased SLC7A11 levels in a dose-dependent manner (Fig. 4J and SI Appendix, Fig. S5E)."

reach
"To further confirm the role of USP18 in regulating SLC7A11 turnover, we generated USP18 knockout MDA-MB-231 cells through the CRISPR-Cas9 approach, and found that USP18 deletion decreased SLC7A11 levels (SI Appendix, Fig. S5J), shortened its protein half-life (SI Appendix, Fig. S5 K and L), and increased the polyubiquitylation of SLC7A11 (SI Appendix, Fig. S5M)."
MAVS affects USP18
3 | 1 14
3 | 1 14

sparser
"The interaction between USP18 and MAVS is enhanced following viral infection, suggesting the possible regulation of MAVS activity by USP18."

sparser
"USP18 C64S , the mutation of cysteine residues in the enzymatic center of USP18, can interact with MAVS and enhances the ubiquitination as well as aggregation of MAVS comparable to the wild-type USP18, suggesting USP18 is involved in MAVS-mediated signaling pathway independent of its enzymatic activity."

sparser
"For example, USP18 specifically interacts with MAVS, promoting the K63-linked polyubiquitination and subsequent aggregation of MAVS when infected with SeV or Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV)."

sparser
"USP18 interacts with MAVS in the RLR signaling pathway."

sparser
"To investigate whether USP18 specifically interacts with MAVS, we utilized the Co-IP assay to examine the interaction between the signaling molecules in the RLR signaling pathway and USP18."

sparser
"The results showed that USP18 mainly interacted with MAVS, while there was no or weak association with upstream molecules RIG-I or MDA5 and downstream molecules TBK1 or IRF3 in the RLRs signaling pathway (Fig.  xref )."

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

sparser
"This enhanced complex formation of USP18 and MAVS was further validated through the PLA assay, in which the number of spots representing the endogenous USP18-MAVS complex increased significantly following SeV infection (Fig.  xref )."

sparser
"Since MAVS is localized in mitochondria, we further isolated the mitochondrial fraction and observed an enhanced interaction between MAVS and USP18 in mitochondria following SeV infection (Fig.  xref )."
USP18 affects NOTCH1
3 | 8 6
USP18 binds NOTCH1.
3 | 3 4
3 | 3 4

sparser
"To test this hypothesis, we first observed whether USP18 and Notch1 directly interact in pancreatic cancer cells, and interestingly, co-IP demonstrated an interaction between USP18 and Notch1 ( xref and xref )."

reach
"These experiments verified that USP18 could directly bind to Notch1 and regulate c-Myc expression via Notch1."

sparser
"These experiments verified that USP18 could directly bind to Notch1 and regulate c-Myc expression via Notch1."

No evidence text available

reach
"To test this hypothesis, we first observed whether USP18 and Notch1 directly interact in pancreatic cancer cells, and interestingly, co-IP demonstrated an interaction between USP18 and Notch1 (XREF_FIG and XREF_FIG)."

No evidence text available

reach
"In our study, by screening a panel of DUBs, we demonstrated that USP18 interacts with Notch1."

No evidence text available

sparser
"In our study, by screening a panel of DUBs, we demonstrated that USP18 interacts with Notch1."

sparser
"First, USP18 and Notch1 directly interact in pancreatic cancer cells."
USP18 inhibits NOTCH1.
| 3
USP18 inhibits NOTCH1. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"Indeed, we found here that USP18 silencing could increase the turnover rate of Notch1 in the presence of cycloheximide (CHX) (XREF_FIG and XREF_FIG)."

reach
"Second, USP18 overexpression reduces the K48 linked ubiquitination level of Notch1, whereas USP18 silencing significantly increases the Notch1 K48 linked ubiquitination."

reach
"Moreover, USP18 overexpression reduced the K48 linked ubiquitination level of Notch1, whereas USP18 silencing significantly increased Notch1 K48 linked ubiquitination (XREF_FIG - XREF_FIG)."
USP18 ubiquitinates NOTCH1.
| 2
USP18 ubiquitinates NOTCH1. 2 / 2
| 2

sparser
"Given that knockdown of USP18 leads to increased K48-linked ubiquitination of proteins, we speculated that USP18 K48-linked ubiquitination of Notch1 and thus stabilizes Notch1."

sparser
"Second, USP18 overexpression reduces the K48-linked ubiquitination level of Notch1, whereas USP18 silencing significantly increases the Notch1 K48-linked ubiquitination."
USP18 activates NOTCH1.
| 2
USP18 activates NOTCH1. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"USP18 enhanced NOTCH1 protein stability through de-ubiquitination modification."

reach
"These data collectively suggested that USP18 rescues Notch1 from proteasome dependent degradation of by deconjugating K48 linked ubiquitination of Notch1 (G)."
TNF affects USP18
| 4 10
TNF increases the amount of USP18.
| 7
TNF increases the amount of USP18. 7 / 9
| 7

reach
"We suspect that whereas increased TNF-alpha does contribute to USP18 expression, there are other stimuli, for example, LPS and perhaps the recently described interferon-lambda 4, that also modulate hepatic USP18 expression."

reach
"MacParland et al. showed that TNF-alpha or LPS could target USP18 expression and thus inhibit IFN signaling [XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"USP18 mRNA expression was induced by TNF-alpha and LPS but not by IL-6 or IL-10 (XREF_FIG)."

reach
"TNF-alpha and LPS treatment also led to augmented USP18 protein expression by Western blotting (XREF_FIG) and by intracellular staining (XREF_FIG to XREF_FIG)."

reach
"IFN-alpha, LPS, and TNF-alpha do not induce type 1 and 2 IFNs in primary murine hepatocytes but do induce USP18 expression."

reach
"Having shown that LPS and TNF-alpha stimulation increases hepatocyte USP18 expression, we then sought to determine whether we could pharmacologically inhibit the induction of USP18 by LPS and TNF-alpha."

reach
"We next sought to determine whether TNF-alpha and LPS could induce USP18 expression in hepatocytes via the induction of IFN-alpha."
TNF activates USP18.
| 4 3
TNF activates USP18. 7 / 8
| 4 3

reach
"USP18 is induced in hepatocytes by LPS and TNF-alpha but not by IL-6 and IL-10."

eidos
"FIG 5 : IFN-alpha , LPS , and TNF-alpha do not induce type 1/2 IFN in primary murine hepatocytes but do induce USP18 ."

reach
"Usp18 is remarkably induced by type I and III IFNs , polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) , tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) , LPS , or genotoxic stresses ."

eidos
"As seen in Fig. 7A and as described in Table 1 , TNF-alpha induced expression of USP18 was potently downregulated by all inhibitors tested , and this inhibition coincided with impaired IL-1beta mRNA expression ( Fig. 7B ) ."

eidos
"These data suggest that the induction of USP18 by TNF-alpha and LPS , and possibly other inflammatory stimuli , is promoted by NF-kappaBeta signaling and that hepatocyte USP18 expression in particular - - compared to IL-1beta - - may be an attractive target for pharmacologic manipulation in the setting of liver inflammation ."

eidos
"FIG 1 : USP18 expression is upregulated by TNF-alpha and LPS ."

reach
"These data suggest that the induction of USP18 by TNF-alpha and LPS, and possibly other inflammatory stimuli, is promoted by NF-kappaBeta signaling and that hepatocyte USP18 expression in particular -- compared to IL-1beta -- may be an attractive target for pharmacologic manipulation in the setting of liver inflammation."
| 16
| 11

reach
"Therefore, USP18 inhibits the immune response by reversing protein ISGylation and directly inhibiting IFN signaling pathway [ 39 ]."

reach
"In addition, independent of its enzymatic activity, USP18 can inhibit the type 1 interferon (IFN-1) signal transduction by binding the Interferon-alpha/beta receptor (IFNAR2) [18]."

reach
"Mechanistic insights revealed that USP18 inhibits osteoclastogenesis by suppressing the NF-κB signaling pathway, with a potential target on TAK1 or its upstream molecules."

reach
"Through IFNAR1/2 receptors and the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, IFN-I has a further impact on the next important component of the development of the inflammatory response: the ISG15/USP18 axis, which regulates the activity of the immune system [36] and reduces the inflammatory response intensity by inhibiting the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, indicating that there possibly exists a negative feedback loop between USP18, IFN-I, and, therefore, TNF-α [43, 44]."

reach
"This study indicates that hypoxia promotes osteoclast differentiation through the downregulation of USP18, which, in turn, relieves the suppression of the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway."

reach
"Previous studies indicated that USP18 inhibited inflammation by negatively regulating NF-κB signaling pathway [31,32], and GSDMD-N terminal fragments form transmembrane pores to enable the release of IL-1β [33–35]."

reach
"This interaction reinforces the USP18-mediated inhibition of the IFN receptor signalling pathway."

reach
"25 Since ISG15 and USP18 negatively regulate IFN signaling pathway, 61,62 they are expected to act as broad pro-viral ISGs."

reach
"In humans, USP18 negatively regulates the JAK–STAT signaling pathway, and is therefore considered to be an inhibitor of type-I anti-viral signaling ( Malakhov et al., 2002, 2003 )."

reach
"For instance, USP18, a negative regulator of IFN response, inhibits JAK-STAT signaling pathway (45)."
| 5

reach
"Suppressive pathways include IFN-I activation of USP18, an ISG that suppresses signal transduction by reducing the ability of IFN-Is to form an active receptor complex (38, 48)."

reach
"USP18 contributes to the proliferation and migration of ovarian cancer cells by regulating the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway."

reach
"Ye et al. (2021) demonstrated that DENV-2 infection increased USP18 expression; USP18 overexpression enhanced DENV-2 replication, while USP18 silencing inhibited DENV-2 replication by activating the IFN-α-mediated JAK/STAT signaling pathway."

reach
"It is known that IFIH1 (interferon-induced helicase-1), IFI35 (interferon-induced protein 35), and USP18 (ubiquitin-specific peptidases 18) activate the IFN signaling pathway; IFIH1 induces pro-inflammatory cytokines, and type I IFNs respond to viral infections in which they act as innate immune receptors [36,37]."

reach
"Further investigation with the KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed those up-regulated genes could cause the activation of the IFN-induced pathway, type II interferon signaling pathway, and regulation of protein ISGylation by the ISG15 deconjugating enzyme USP18 pathway (Figure 4B)."
USP18 affects EGFR
| 15
USP18 activates EGFR.
| 10
USP18 activates EGFR. 10 / 11
| 10

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"For instance, Tan et al. found that USP18 promotes breast cancer growth by upregulating EGFR and activating the AKT and Skp2 pathway [XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"Inhibition of USP18 reduces the levels of EGFR and other oncogenic proteins and inhibits the tumorigenic activity of cancer cells."

reach
"Results are shown as means S SD of 3 independent sets of experiments (B) Knockdown of USP18 inhibits the EGFR degradation of EGFR."

reach
"In addition, the results indicated that USP18 may promote the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-mediated EGF receptor (EGFR)/AKT/S-phase kinase associated protein2 (Skp2) pathway by upregulating EGFR and Skp2 in a AKT and forkhead boxO3 dependent manner in breast cancer."

reach
"USP18 promotes breast cancer growth by upregulating EGFR and activating the AKT and Skp2 pathway."

reach
"In addition, the results indicated that USP18 may promote the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-mediated EGF receptor (EGFR)/AKT/S-phase kinase associated protein2 (Skp2) pathway by upregulating EGFR and Skp2 in a AKT and forkhead boxO3 dependent manner in breast cancer."

reach
"However, USP18 has independent direct effects on tumor growth and survival and enhances EGFR signaling by decreasing miR-7 expression, which targets EGFR XREF_BIBR."

reach
"For instance, USP18 promotes breast cancer growth by upregulating EGFR and activating the AKT/Skp2 pathway [ 12 ]."

reach
"Moreover, USP18 competitively inhibits IFN-alpha and beta-induced JAK and STAT activation [XREF_BIBR] and upregulates epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression [XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"Tan et al. have demonstrated that USP18 promotes breast cancer growth by upregulating EGFR and activating the AKT and Skp2 pathway."
USP18 inhibits EGFR.
| 3
USP18 inhibits EGFR. 3 / 3
| 3

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"USP18 mediates deISGylation of BECN1 to promote autophagy and EGFR degradation."

reach
"This suggests that depletion of Usp18 inhibited EGFR mRNA translation."

reach
"Thus, blocking Lys63 ubiquitination of selected target proteins by ISGylation may provide a general mechanism for type I IFN and ISG15 to modulate target activities.Our study demonstrates that USP18 positively regulates autophagy and EGFR degradation by promoting de-ISGylation of BECN1."
USP18 increases the amount of EGFR.
| 2
USP18 increases the amount of EGFR. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"We found that knockdown of Usp18 in several cell lines reduced expression levels of EGFR by 50-80%, whereas the levels of other receptor tyrosine kinases remained unchanged."

reach
"In an RNA interference screen of 106 different genes related to deubiquitination, silencing of USP18 reduced EGFR expression without affecting the levels of other receptor tyrosine kinases [XREF_BIBR]."
Infections affects USP18
| 15
Infections increases the amount of USP18.
| 7
Infections increases the amount of USP18. 7 / 8
| 7

reach
"Here we studied the role of ISG15-specific ubiquitin-like protease 43 (USP18) in HIV-1 innate immune sensing.HIV-1 infection induces the expression of USP18 in PMA-differentiated THP-1 cells."
| PMC

reach
"It was found that mRNA expression levels of A3B and USP18, rather than A3A and A3G, were significantly up-regulated by the infection with Omicron BA.4/5 S protein pseudovirus (Fig. 4A and B)."

reach
"The above data suggest that IAV infection promotes USP18 expression in A549 cells."

reach
"Since infections with SA11, A5-13, Wa and KU RV strains all increased USP18 and A20 expression ( Fig. 3 A and B, Supplementary Fig. 1 ), functional significance of these genes was analyzed during RV i[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"USP18 was the negative regulatory factor for IFN signaling, and DENV infection significantly increased USP18 expression (26)."

reach
"Ye et al. (2021) demonstrated that DENV-2 infection increased USP18 expression; USP18 overexpression enhanced DENV-2 replication, while USP18 silencing inhibited DENV-2 replication by activating the IFN-α-mediated JAK/STAT signaling pathway."

reach
"HIV-1 infection induces the expression of USP18 [40,41]."
Infections activates USP18.
| 8
| 8

reach
"This suggests that increased USP18 caused by IAV infection promotes the induction of innate immune responses while promoting IAV replication.IAV can induce host cell apoptosis through an endogenous/mi[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"The Fig. 1B showed that DENV infection induced the accumulation of USP18 in mitochondria that was dramatically reduced by siUSP18 treatment."

reach
"Overall, USP18, stimulated by DENV-2 infection, is a critical host factor exploited by DENV-2 to confer IFN-α antagonism [103]."

reach
"In our recent studies, we demonstrate that HIV-1 infection induces USP18, which dramatically enhances HIV-1 replication by abrogating the antiviral function of p21."

reach
"In a recent study, Ye et al. (2021) showed that USP18 induced by DENV-2 infection is a critical host factor used by DENV-2 to antagonize IFN-α production."

reach
"We found that HIV-1 infection could induce the USP18 protein in myeloid cell lines."

reach
"DENV infection induced USP18 which regulated DENV replication through in part IFN-independent manner."

reach
"Usp18 , Usp49 ) were induced by MTH-68/H infection."
USP18 affects JAK1
| 11 2
USP18 inhibits JAK1.
| 5
USP18 inhibits JAK1. 5 / 7
| 5

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"USP18 competes with JAK1 for IFNAR2 receptor binding, reducing JAK1 and STAT activation (15, 16)."

reach
"USP18 inhibits type I interferon signaling by preventing Janus-associated kinase 1 (JAK1) from binding to the type I interferon receptor."

reach
"One group has proposed that USP18 attenuates IFN alpha signaling regardless of the isopeptidase activity of the protein by competitively displacing Jak1 from its interaction with IFNAR2 XREF_BIBR."

reach
"USP18 has been shown to suppress the Jak-STAT pathway through specific binding to IFNAR2 and restricting the access of the Jak1 kinase to its docking site at the receptor ( Fig. 2 ) [52] ."

reach
"Postactivation silencing of IFNAR signaling is achieved quickly after IFN exposure and is mediated by at least two proteins that are ISGs themselves and therefore accumulate in response to IFN: Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) binds and inhibits TYK2, whereas USP18 (UBP43) occupies IFNAR2 and hence blocks JAK1 activation (83, 84)."
USP18 dephosphorylates JAK1.
| 4
USP18 leads to the dephosphorylation of JAK1. 4 / 4
| 4

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"USP18 reduced IFN binding and receptor dimerization as well as JAK1 phosphorylation only when STAT2 was present."

reach
"Similarly, ubiquitin-specific peptidase 18 (USP18) interacts with IFNAR2/STAT2 and reduces JAK1 phosphorylation and activity ."

reach
"Following exposure to IFN-I, metallophilic macrophages induce expression of the Usp18 protein which prevents Jak1 phosphorylation and inhibits IFN-I signaling in these cells."

reach
"XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR In turn, USP18 specifically binds to the IFNAR2 subunit and thereby prevents the phosphorylation of JAK1 by blocking the interaction of JAK1 and the IFNAR2 subunit and downstream signaling."
USP18 binds JAK1.
| 2 2
| 2 2

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"Interestingly, USP18 specifically binds to the second chain of the type I IFN receptor subunit IFN α/β receptor 2 (IFNAR2) and competes with Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) for binding to IFNAR2, which impairs the association of JAK with the IFN receptor and attenuates IFN signaling ."

reach
"Based on mutational studies it was suggested that USP18 binds to the intracellular region of type I IFN receptor subunit IFNAR2 and outcompetes the downstream kinase JAK1 thereby abrogating IFN signaling XREF_BIBR."

sparser
"Binding of UBP43 to IFNAR2 in vivo displaced JAK1 from IFNAR2 and led to the inhibition of the downstream phosphorylation cascade and other signaling events xref ."

sparser
"The molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood, but ISG15 seems to stabilize binding of USP18 to JAK1 which inhibits activation of STATs."
USP18 affects TAB1
2 1 | 8 2
USP18 binds TAB1.
2 | 4 2
2 | 4 1

reach
"In overexpression and co-immunoprecipitation assays, USP18 interacted with TAB1 and CARMA1 but not with NEMO constitutively (XREF_FIG and not depicted)."

sparser
"We also found that USP18 weakly interacts with TAB1 alone ( xref ), but it has higher affinity for the TAK1-TAB1 complex in the presence of TAK1 ( xref )."

No evidence text available

reach
"The results indicated that USP18 interacted with TAK1, TAB1, and TAB2 without stimulation and PMA and ion stimulation reduced but did not totally abolish their association, whereas USP18 interacted with CARMA1 weakly in unstimulated cells and PMA and ion stimulation first enhanced their interaction and then resulted in their disassociation (XREF_FIG)."

reach
"We also found that USP18 weakly interacts with TAB1 alone (XREF_FIG), but it has higher affinity for the TAK1 and TAB1 complex in the presence of TAK1 (XREF_FIG)."

reach
"However, USP18 binds to TAB1 and inhibits the ubiquitination of the TAB1 and TAK1 complex."

No evidence text available
| 1

sparser
"Furthermore, USP18 interacted with TAK1-TAB1 complex and IKKα/β-NEMO complex, respectively."
USP18 deubiquitinates TAB1.
1 | 3
USP18 deubiquitinates TAB1. 4 / 4
1 | 3

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"Previous studies showed that USP18 potently abolishes the polyubiquitination of TAK1 and TAB1 complex XREF_BIBR."

reach
"In contrast, they suggest that USP18 inhibits ubiquitination of the TAK1 and TAB1 complex in a protease dependent manner XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR."

reach
"To further examine whether USP18 deubiquitinates the TAK1 and TAB1 complex, we purified Flag tagged USP18 from 293T cells transiently transfected with Flag-USP18 plasmid by immunoprecipitation with anti-Flag agarose and elution with Flag peptide."

"<span class="match term0">USP18</span> is associated with and deubiquitinates the TAK1-<span class="match term1">TAB1</span> complex"
USP18 ubiquitinates TAB1.
| 1
USP18 leads to the ubiquitination of TAB1. 1 / 1
| 1

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"USP18 inhibits NF-kappaB and NFAT activation during Th17 differentiation by deubiquitinating the TAK1 and TAB1 complex."
| 2 12
| 2 10

eidos
"In functional experiments , USP18 knockdown significantly inhibited ESCC invasion and metastasis in vitro ."

reach
"These data clearly suggested that USP18 promotes the invasion and metastasis of ESCC cells in vitro and in vivo , indicating that USP18 might function as an oncogene for ESCC.As is known, the EMT proc[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"This study explores if the loss of USP18 reduced lung cancer metastasis."

eidos
"USP18 promotes tumor metastasis in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas via deubiquitinating ZEB1 ."

reach
"In addition, loss of USP18 suppressed lung cancer cell metastasis by destabilizing the downstream target [14]."

reach
"Ubiquitin-specific protease 18 (USP18) has been identified to promote lung cancer growth and metastasis by deubiquitinating protein substrates."

reach
"Finally, deletion of USP18 inhibited the metastasis of ESCC cells both in vitro and in vivo ."

reach
"In the tumor, this signaling drives expression of angiogenic and immunosuppressive myeloid chemokines CXCL1, CXCL10, and CCL5; protumor interferon-stimulated genes ISG15 and IFIT3; and oncoprotein USP18, all of which promote tumor growth and metastases, and are selectively blocked by nciLT but not by ciLT."

reach
"USP18 knock-down reduced lung cancer growth, wound-healing, migration, and invasion versus controls (P < .001) and markedly decreased murine lung cancer metastases (P < .001)."

reach
"Consistently, the data of RTCA assays also shown that USP18 knockdown significantly suppressed the metastasis ability of TE10 and ECA109 cells ( Fig. 2 E and F)."
| 2

reach
"Loss of ubiquitin-specific peptidase 18 destabilizes 14-3-3ζ protein and represses lung cancer metastasis."

reach
"Interestingly, lack of Usp18 reduced the incidence of lung metastasis in PyVmT mice (XREF_FIG) that could be related to a decrease in invasiveness of cancer cells observed in in vitro matrigel invasion assays (XREF_FIG)."
USP18 affects JAK-STAT
| 2 12
USP18 inhibits JAK-STAT.
| 2 9
USP18 inhibits JAK-STAT. 10 / 11
| 2 9

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"USP18 was shown to bind to IFNAR2 and attenuate the JAK-STAT pathway, thereby negatively regulating IFN signaling (XREF_TABLE)."

reach
"However, it has been shown that USP18 negatively regulates the JAK-STAT pathway, and more generally cellular responses to type I IFN, independently of its ISG15 isopeptidase activity [85] ."

reach
"USP18, which is known to negatively regulates the JAK-STAT pathway, and, as such, is a broad-spectrum pro-viral factor, 39 was identified during our screen as a pro-ZIKV candidate in HMC3 cells ( Figu[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"A majority of these genes are responsible for the regulation and control of early innate inflammation such as USP18 which disrupts the JAK-STAT pathway downstream of the IFN receptor, and TIFAB which inhibits the activation of the NFkappaB pathway."

reach
"Recent data by Zhang and coworkers revealed, however, that USP18 attenuates JAK-STAT signaling, and thereby the type 1 IFN response, in a non enzymatic manner, i.e., by directly competing with JAK1 for binding to the IFNAR2 subunit of the type 1 IFN receptor."

reach
"In contrast, binding this free ISG15, USP18 suppresses JAK-STAT signaling further counteracting IFN signaling.By better understanding the ISG15 pathway, it may be possible to target certain illnesses on a case-by-case basis without the need for general activation of IFN signaling with its hundreds of downstream targets."

reach
"We found that, beyond being a key effector of IFN signaling, STAT2 is essential for USP18 mediated inhibition of JAK-STAT signaling."

eidos
"Recent data by Zhang and coworkers ( Malakhova et al ., 2006 ) revealed , however , that USP18 attenuates JAK-STAT signaling , and thereby the type 1 IFN response , in a non-enzymatic manner , i.e ., by directly competing with JAK1 for binding to the IFNAR2 subunit of the type 1 IFN receptor ."

reach
"For instance, USP18, a negative regulator of IFN response, inhibits JAK-STAT signaling pathway (45)."

reach
"A majority of these genes are responsible for the regulation and control of early innate inflammation, such as USP18, which disrupts the JAK-STAT pathway downstream of the IFN receptor (43), and TIFAB, which inhibits the activation of the NF-κB pathway (44)."
USP18 activates JAK-STAT.
| 3
USP18 activates JAK-STAT. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"As far as IFN-alpha response is concerned, a prominent example is the modulation of JAK-STAT signalling by the ubiquitin peptidase USP18 [XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"Similarly, USP18, a ubiquitin-specific peptidase, is stimulated by JAK-STAT signaling and provides negative feedback to this pathway by binding IFNAR2, resulting in the promotion of viral replication [80]."
| PMC

reach
"Quantifying mRNA expression of negative regulators of JAK-STAT signaling such as SOCS1, SOCS3, and USP18, we observed significantly increased expression levels of USP18, which correlated with the ISG score (Fig. 4d)."
USP18 affects IFN-I
| 14
USP18 inhibits IFN-I.
| 12
USP18 inhibits IFN-I. 10 / 11
| 11

reach
"We show that the hyper-active IFN-I signaling cascade causes increased induction of the IFNAR negative regulator USP18, in turn hyper-suppressing any subsequent response to IFN-I and effectively repressing further antiviral responses."

reach
"Therefore, under the circumstances of enhanced IFN-I signaling caused by USP18 deletion, IFN-I-inducible E2 enzyme UBCH5 likely enhances the activity of E3 ligase NEDD4, leading to degradation of CSF1R via the ubiquitin-proteasome system.Since NEDD4 is frequently overexpressed in cancers, including prostate, bladder, and colon cancers, NEDD4 was originally thought to be an oncogene."

reach
"The mechanism by which MARCH1 regulates IFN-I remains obscure and several factors may include increased expression of genes encoding SOCS1, SOCS3, SIKE1, CACTIN, TRIM24, IL-10RA, USP18, and mir-21 that are known to suppress IFN-I responses and changes in DCs, Macs, and other cell populations can may also affect the levels of proteins critical for IFN-I production."

reach
"In mice, Usp18 negatively regulates Stat1 activation and the downstream IFN-I response by interaction with Ifnar2, and mice lacking Usp18 in microglia display brain disease due to uncontrolled IFN-I signalling [6]."

reach
"During systemic infection with the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), CD169 + macrophages of the splenic marginal zone and the lymph node sinusoid can express the endogenous IFN-I blocker Usp18, thereby promoting virus replication and enhancing the antiviral immune response [XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR]."
| PMC

reach
"Deletion of USP18 enhances and prolongs IFN-I signaling and expands the pool of IFN-inducible genes."

reach
"Given that Usp18 inhibits IFN-I signaling, it will be important to further understand why increases in Usp18 expression do not correlate with a corresponding decrease in IFN-I stimulated gene expression."

reach
"The mechanism by which USP18 inhibits the IFN-I response to promote cancer progression has been elucidated in detail (14)."

reach
"Following exposure to IFN-I, metallophilic macrophages induce expression of the Usp18 protein which prevents Jak1 phosphorylation and inhibits IFN-I signaling in these cells."

reach
"Therefore enhanced activity of Usp18 in beta islet cells would limit IFN-I signaling in these cells and could prevent diabetes during exposure to IFN-I XREF_BIBR."
Modified USP18 inhibits IFN-I. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"Metallophilic macrophages have been demonstrated to induce expression of the Usp18 protein which prevents Jak1 phosphorylation and inhibits IFN-I signaling in these cells."
USP18 activates IFN-I.
| 2
USP18 activates IFN-I. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"Among the DUBs that interact with STING, five members, namely CYLD, OTUD5, USP18 (also termed UBP43), USP20, and USP44, have been demonstrated to promote IFN-I production and antiviral responses."

reach
"In addition, USP18 can recruit the deubiquitinase USP20 to deconjugate the ubiquitination of STING and enhance the stability of STING and the induction of IFN-I and inflammatory cytokines during DNA virus infection [96]."
USP18 affects BCL2L1
3 | 4 6
3 | 4 6

sparser
"Interestingly, in transfected cells, we found that the deletion of the BH3 domain abrogated the interaction between USP18 with BCL2L1 ( Fig. 6 E)."

reach
"Mechanistically, USP18 can directly bind to anti-apoptotic protein BCL2L1 and up-regulate its expression, thus exerting its anti-apoptotic role ."

sparser
"These results indicate that the BH3 domain of BCL2L1 is critical for the interaction between USP18 with BCL2L1."

sparser
"Mechanistically, USP18 can directly bind to anti-apoptotic protein BCL2L1 and up-regulate its expression, thus exerting its anti-apoptotic role xref ."

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

sparser
"The reciprocal immunoprecipitation experiment using anti-USP18 antibody also confirmed the binding of BCL2L1 and USP18 ( Fig. 6 A)."

reach
"The reciprocal immunoprecipitation experiment using anti-USP18 antibody also confirmed the binding of BCL2L1 and USP18."

No evidence text available

sparser
"Since the regulation of USP18 on BCL2L1, we further evaluated whether USP18 could directly bind BCL2L1 to affect cell-cycle progression."
USP18 affects ubiquitination
| 13
USP18 inhibits ubiquitination. 10 / 13
| 13

sparser
"USP18 inhibits the K63-linked ubiquitination of TAK1 in a protease-dependent manner."

sparser
"USP18 inhibits the conjugated K63-linked ubiquitination of NEMO in a protease-independent manner."

sparser
"Conversely, USP18 inhibited NEMO ubiquitination by directly binding to its UBAN motif (ubiquitin binding in ABIN and NEMO) and masking its ubiquitination sites at Lys 325 and 326 from further K63-linked ubiquitination."

sparser
"On the other hand, USP18 inhibits NEMO ubiquitination by directly binding to its UBAN domain."

sparser
"We next tested whether USP18 inhibited NEMO ubiquitination through USP18 protease activity."

sparser
"USP18 inhibits NEMO ubiquitination at the Lys -325 and 326 sites by masking the UBAN domain of NEMO."

sparser
"In contrast, they suggest that USP18 inhibits ubiquitination of the TAK1/TAB1 complex in a protease dependent manner xref , xref ."

sparser
"This suggests that USP18 may specifically inhibit the K63-linked ubiquitination of NEMO at the Lys −325 and −326 sites."

sparser
"Our results demonstrated that USP18 inhibits covalently conjugated K63-linked ubiquitination of NEMO but had little or no effects on the linear (M1) ubiquitination of NEMO."

sparser
"USP18 can inhibit the ubiquitination of the TAK1-TAB complex, thereby inhibiting IL-2 production and promoting IL-17 production and synthesis."
USP18 affects pyroptosis
| 13
USP18 inhibits pyroptosis.
| 8
| 8

reach
"Collectively, these findings suggest that USP18 promotes GSDMD degradation through ubiquitination of GSDMD at K168, thereby impairing its subsequent pyroptosis."

reach
"USP18 depletion induces both GSDMD and GSDME-dependent pyroptosis upon IFN treatment."

reach
"The mechanism by which ubiquitin-specific protease 18 (USP18) (enzyme commission: 3.4.19.12) inhibition in cancer promotes cell pyroptosis via the induction of interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes has been recently demonstrated."

reach
"Since pyroptosis was induced by USP18 depletion but has not been well described upon interferon treatment, and Caspase-3-mediated GSDME cleavage is not involved in canonical inflammasome-Caspase-1-mediated GSDMD cleavage, we hypothesized that atypical ISGs may contribute to cleaved GSDME-mediated pyroptosis."

reach
"USP18 Antagonizes Pyroptosis by Facilitating Selective Autophagic Degradation of Gasdermin D."

reach
"We next attempted to investigate the inhibitory function of USP18 in GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis through its interaction with GSDMD."

reach
"USP18 suppression could induce cancer cell GSDME-dependent pyroptosis and suppress leukemogenesis via upregulating PLK2, an atypical ISG [24] (Fig. 2A)."

reach
"USP18 depletion induces pyroptosis, which is dependent on the NLRP3 inflammasome-Caspase-1-GSDMD and Caspase-3-GSDME pathways."
USP18 activates pyroptosis.
| 5
| 5

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"Our recent discovery reveals that the depletion of ubiquitin-specific protease 18 (USP18), a major negative regulator of IFN signaling, selectively induces cancer cell ICD, specifically pyroptosis (185, 186)."

reach
"USP18 down-regulates the protein abundance of GSDMD, thereby inhibiting the activation of GSDMD and pyroptosis (Fig. 7)."

reach
"This study determined the mechanism by which targeting USP18 induces cancer pyroptosis through activating the production of a group of atypical IFN stimulated genes (ISGs) in addition to conventional ISGs [182]."

reach
"Here, we showed that USP18, a major suppressor of IFN signaling, protects malignant cells from IFN-induced pyroptosis by suppressing the expression of canonical and non-canonical ISGs."

reach
"Further dissection of the ICD phenotype in murine and human cells revealed that IFN treatment of USP18 depleted cells induced (1) NLRP3 inflammasome-Caspase-1-GSDMD-mediated canonical pyroptosis and (2) Caspase-3-GSDME-mediated non-canonical pyroptosis."
| 13
| 10

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"Therefore, USP18 inhibits the immune response by reversing protein ISGylation and directly inhibiting IFN signaling pathway [ 39 ]."

reach
"Ectopic expression of USP18 in tumor cells suppressed tumorigenesis and antitumor immune response whereas inhibition of USP18 expression promoted tumorigenesis and immunosurveillance."

reach
"USP18 enzymatic function typically attenuates the immune response by removing interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) from protein substrates."

reach
"USP2b, USP3, USP18, USP25, UL36USP and HAUSP play a role of antivirus; while USP4, USP13, USP15 and USP17 negatively regulate antiviral immune response."

reach
"Significantly, higher infiltration of CD8 T cells was noted in these tumors, suggesting that the depletion of Usp18 in solid tumors can induce ICD and enhance the immune response."

reach
"Indeed, higher infiltration of CD8 T cells was observed in these tumors, suggesting that depletion of Usp18 in solid tumors can induce ICD and enhance the immune response (Supplementary Fig. 9c right)."

reach
"Based on these interesting findings, USP18 can attenuate the immune response even without dampening the type I IFN signaling.Finally, it has been reported that STAT1 transcriptional activity and NF-κB signaling activation, which regulate both the transcription and expression of ISGs, can be inhibited by SLFN5 and SLFN2, respectively [78,79]."

reach
"These results suggest that USP18 deletion leads to CSF1R downregulation in TAMs and a decrease in pro-tumor/immunosuppressive macrophages, contributing to enhanced anti-tumor macrophage polarization, consequently promoting a Th1-dominant TME and enhancing CD8 T cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity, in agreement with previous reports."

reach
"By modulating interferon signaling, USP18 can suppress the immune response to the transplanted ovarian tissue and thus reduce the risk of rejection."

reach
"These observations suggest that residual leukemia cells may upregulate USP18 expression as a protective mechanism against chemotherapy-induced death.Taken together, these results indicate that reduction of Usp18 expression potently suppresses cancer development and induces an anti-tumor immune response in vivo by a mechanism dependent on type I IFN signaling."
USP18 activates immune response.
| 3

reach
"Bioinformatic analysis revealed that USP18 was positively correlated to immune infiltration of activated dendritic cells (aDCs) which implied that USP18 might be involved in DC-modulating immune response [37]."

reach
"Moreover, USP18 controlled exogenous IFN-gamma producing antigen specific CTL persistence in antitumor immunity."

reach
"Moreover, USP18 interacts with TRIM31 to promote the K63-linked polyubiquitination of MAVS and then positively regulates innate antiviral immunity (58)."
USP18 affects USP18
| 12
USP18 activates USP18.
| 5
USP18 activates USP18. 5 / 6
| 5

reach
"In human cells, USP18 conjugating to ISG15 increased the level of USP18 by preventing the degradation of USP18, and further strengthened the inhibition of IFN receptor signal."

reach
"In GM-CSF-supplemented culture, over-expression of Usp18 restored the development of CD11b + CD11c + cells in Usp18 deficient BM cells, but did not affect DC development in wild-type BM cells (XREF_FIG), which confirmed the notion that the development defect of BM-DCs is intrinsic to Usp18 deficient cells."

reach
"The process of de-ISGylation, which removes ISG15 from the target protein, is mediated by the enzyme ubiquitin-specific peptidase 18 (USP18) [3]."

reach
"All these results indicated that HOXA5 is directly bound to the promoter of USP18 and activated USP18 transcription.3.6 Overexpressing USP18 Could Abolish the Effects of HOXA5 Knockdown on Cell Development and DDP Resistance in DDP-Resistant ESCC cells."

reach
"Pretreatment with IFNβ led to increased levels of IRF3 activation by dsDNA90 treatment in all cell sublines.IFNβ pretreatment but not dsDNA90 increased USP18 levels in parental FTE-194 cells and UBA7-null cells, but not in ISG15-null cells (Fig. 3), likely reflecting the importance of free ISG15 in stabilizing USP18."
USP18 inhibits USP18.
| 4
USP18 inhibits USP18. 4 / 4
| 4

reach
"The overexpression of USP18 inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation, while the knockdown of USP18 promoted that process, unveiling the inhibitory effect of USP18 in osteoclastogenesis."

reach
"The protein levels of ISG15 further depend on the levels of USP18, which itself was reduced in the NAC treated sample."

reach
"To investigate the mechanism of USP18-regulated DENV replication and its association with IFN, USP18 expression was attenuated by introducing USP18 small interference RNA (siUSP18) into cells."

reach
"The process can be reversed by the action of Ubiquitin Specific Peptidase 18 (USP18), a member of the deubiquitinase family which is the only ISG15-specific deubiquitinase enzyme that has been described so far [11]."
USP18 increases the amount of USP18.
| 2
USP18 increases the amount of USP18. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"In human cells, USP18 conjugating to ISG15 increased the level of USP18 by preventing the degradation of USP18, and further strengthened the inhibition of IFN receptor signal."

reach
"Transfection of the USP18 over-expression plasmid vector significantly increased the expression of USP18 in both cell lines relative to the control (Fig. 1d)."
USP18 methylates USP18.
| 1
Methylated USP18 leads to the methylation of USP18. 1 / 1
| 1

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"Oxidative stress induced hypermethylation of the USP18 promoter region in keratinocytes and melanocytes and USP18 promoter hypermethylation was also confirmed in vitiligo skin tissues."
USP18 affects POU4F1
| 12 1
USP18 activates POU4F1.
| 5
USP18 activates POU4F1. 5 / 5
| 5

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"Silencing USP18 reduced tumor growth in vivo by mediating POU4F1/PRKAA2 axis."

reach
"USP18 enhanced tumor growth in vivo via mediating POU4F1 and PRKAA2."

reach
"USP18-mediated POU4F1/PRKAA2 axis was firstly investigated in migration and ferroptosis of LUAD."

reach
"Furthermore, we found MG132 (a proteasome inhibitor) blocked the protein degradation of POU4F1 caused by silence of USP18 (Supplementary Fig. 1A-B)."

reach
"Therefore, USP18 could enhance protein stability of POU4F1 through the mediation of de-ubiquitination."
USP18 decreases the amount of POU4F1.
| 3
USP18 decreases the amount of POU4F1. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"Furthermore, we found that USP18 knockdown elevated the protein ubiquitination level of POU4F1 and reduced POU4F1 protein level, which implicated that USP18 promoted POU4F1 protein expression via inducing de-ubiquitination."

reach
"Moreover, enzyme-dead USP18-C64S mutant resulted in the prominent inhibition of POU4F1 protein level and it reversed USP18-induced reduction of ubiquitination level of POU4F1 (Supplementary Fig. 1C)."

reach
"In addition, knockdown of USP18 reduced the protein expression of POU4F1 but increased the ubiquitination level of POU4F1 (Fig. 3D)."
USP18 increases the amount of POU4F1.
| 2
USP18 increases the amount of POU4F1. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"In addition, knockdown of USP18 reduced the protein expression of POU4F1 but increased the ubiquitination level of POU4F1 (Fig. 3D)."

reach
"Furthermore, we found that USP18 knockdown elevated the protein ubiquitination level of POU4F1 and reduced POU4F1 protein level, which implicated that USP18 promoted POU4F1 protein expression via inducing de-ubiquitination."
USP18 binds POU4F1.
| 1 1
| 1 1

sparser
"IP assay indicated that POU4F1 could be detected by anti-USP18 and USP18 was also enriched by anti-POU4F1, suggesting the interaction between USP18 and POU4F1 in LUAD cells (Fig.  xref B-C)."

reach
"IP assay indicated that POU4F1 could be detected by anti-USP18 and USP18 was also enriched by anti-POU4F1, suggesting the interaction between USP18 and POU4F1 in LUAD cells (Fig. 3B-C)."
USP18 deubiquitinates POU4F1.
| 1
USP18 deubiquitinates POU4F1. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"All in all, POU4F1 could promote PRKAA2 transcription and USP18 upregulated PRKAA2 expression via the deubiquitination of POU4F1."
| 1 12
| 1 8

reach
"Furthermore, silencing USP18 attenuated HNSC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, while overexpression of USP18 exerted converse effects."

reach
"Subsequently, we validated that USP18 modulated PLK1 to activate the mTORC1 pathway, thereby facilitating HNSC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration."

reach
"Moreover, recent studies have shown that deletion of USP18 reduces tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion [93]."

eidos
"In functional experiments , USP18 knockdown significantly inhibited ESCC invasion and metastasis in vitro ."

reach
"Silencing USP18 suppressed COAD cell proliferation and invasion via destabilizing extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) protein and suppressing ERK downstream pathways."

reach
"Furthermore, our results shown that knockdown of USP18 suppressed the migration and invasion abilities of ESCC cells by promoting the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)."

reach
"Migration and invasion assays indicated that USP18 silencing obviously inhibited the mobility and invasiveness of ESCC cells ( Fig. 2 C and D)."

reach
"These data clearly suggested that USP18 promotes the invasion and metastasis of ESCC cells in vitro and in vivo , indicating that USP18 might function as an oncogene for ESCC.As is known, the EMT proc[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"In this cancer, USP18 enhances the protein stability of zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) through the decreased ubiquitination of ZEB1, increasing the migration and invasion abilities of ESCC cells [90]."

reach
"Functionally, decreased USP18 expression attenuated GBM cell invasion and migration through repressing EMT."

reach
"Furthermore, cell apoptosis was promoted by USP18 silencing, and interference of USP18 suppressed cell migration and invasion."

reach
"USP18 knock-down reduced lung cancer growth, wound-healing, migration, and invasion versus controls (P < .001) and markedly decreased murine lung cancer metastases (P < .001)."

reach
"Lack of Usp18 inhibits angiogenesis and reduces invasiveness of mammary epithelial tumour cells."
IKBKG affects USP18
2 | 3 6
2 | 3 4

sparser
"Next, we examined whether USP18 directly interacts with NEMO."

reach
"To further confirm endogenous interaction between USP18 and NEMO, we stimulated THP-1 derived macrophages with LPS for various time points."

reach
"Little binding between USP18 and NEMO or between USP18 and IKKbeta was observed in unstimulated cells."

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

reach
"Next, we examined whether USP18 directly interacts with NEMO."

sparser
"Mutation analysis revealed direct binding of USP18 to the UBAN motif of NEMO."

sparser
"Co-immunoprecipitation experiments showed that USP18 only interacted with full length (FL) NEMO or its UBAN domain ( xref )."

sparser
"To further confirm endogenous interaction between USP18 and NEMO, we stimulated THP-1 derived macrophages with LPS for various time points."
| 1

sparser
"Furthermore, USP18 interacted with TAK1-TAB1 complex and IKKα/β-NEMO complex, respectively."

sparser
"Taken together, these results suggest that in addition to the TAK1-TAB1 complex, USP18 also interacts with the IKK complex upon LPS treatment in a NEMO-dependent manner."
USP18 affects TWIST1
3 1 | 1 4 3
USP18 binds TWIST1.
3 | 1 3
3 | 1 3

sparser
"Interestingly, USP18 associates with TWIST1 and mediates the stabilization of TWIST1, thereby leading to glioblastoma cell migration and invasion."

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

sparser
"Mechanistically, USP18 interacts with Twist1, removes its ubiquitination off, and subsequently stabilizes it."

sparser
"Targeting USP18-Twist1 regulatory axis may open a novel avenue for GBM treatment."

reach
"Mechanistically, USP18 interacts with Twist1, removes its ubiquitination off, and subsequently stabilizes it."
USP18 deubiquitinates TWIST1.
1 | 1 1
USP18 deubiquitinates TWIST1. 3 / 3
1 | 1 1

trips
"USP18 deubiquitinates and stabilizes Twist1 to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition in glioblastoma cells."

"<span class="match term0">USP18</span> deubiquitinates and stabilizes <span class="match term1">Twist1</span> to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition in glioblastoma cells"

reach
"USP18 deubiquitinates and stabilizes Twist1 to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition in glioblastoma cells."
USP18 activates TWIST1.
| 2
USP18 activates TWIST1. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"We found that Relm-β increased USP18 expression which in turn raised Twist1 by suppressing its proteasome degradation."

reach
"For instance, USP18 could promote the malignant proliferation of glioblastoma by stabilizing Twist1 protein [ 18 ]."
USP18 affects SOX9
3 | 1 8
3 | 1 8

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

sparser
"Further confirmation through coimmunoprecipitation experiments provided additional evidence of a physical interaction between USP18 and SOX9."

sparser
"To our knowledge, this study represents the first comprehensive investigation of the interaction between USP18 and the oncogenic transcription factor SOX9 in gliomas."

sparser
"Through its USP domain, USP18 interacts with SOX9, stabilising the protein and thereby promoting the maintenance of glioblastoma stemness and the progression of malignant phenotypes."

sparser
"Next, we examined whether the USP18 protein directly interacts with the SOX9 protein in cells."

sparser
"For example, USP18 could bind, deubiquitinate, and stabilize SOX9 protein, thereby positively regulating reactive astrogliosis [ xref ]."

sparser
"USP18 directly interacts with SOX9 and increases the stability of SOX9 in glioma cells."

sparser
"Endogenous USP18 and SOX9 proteins were coimmunoprecipitated from lysates of two GBM cell types, confirming a direct interaction between the USP18 and SOX9 proteins (Fig. xref )."
USP18 affects CGAS
| 1 11
USP18 inhibits CGAS.
| 1 2
USP18 inhibits CGAS. 3 / 3
| 1 2

reach
"Given that interference with USP18 decreased the protein level of cGAS ( Fig. 3 A), we speculated that USP18 might be related to the ubiquitinated degradation of cGAS."

eidos
"Mechanistically , USP18 reduced cGAS degradation by decreasing its K48-linked ubiquitination to promote IAV-induced cGAS-STING pathway activation ."

reach
"Consistent with our siRNA data implicating the cGAS pathway, the relative expression of ISGs Usp18, Isg15, and Cxcl10 was markedly reduced in the absence of STING (Fig. 2B), with this effect being more pronounced in CLPP-KO/IFNAR-KO MEFs."
USP18 increases the amount of CGAS.
| 3
USP18 increases the amount of CGAS. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"Western blot analysis showed that interfering cGAS suppressed the increase of cGAS protein levels caused by overexpression of USP18 ( Fig. 5 A) and attenuated the induction of STING, TBK1, IRF3 and p6[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"The above results suggested that USP18 may promote the expression of cGAS in melanoma through ubiquitination.In this study, we collected 28 cases of cancer tissues of vemurafenib-treated patients with[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"Besides, we found that overexpression of USP18 again raised cGAS protein levels, and STING, TBK1, IRF3 and p65 phosphorylation levels in PR8-infected A549 cells, whereas these were reduced by interfer[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
USP18 deubiquitinates CGAS.
| 3
USP18 deubiquitinates CGAS. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"However, this idea needs further validation.In conclusion, our results suggest that USP18 deubiquitinates and stabilizes cGAS and activates cGAS-STING pathway, thereby mediating innate immune defense [MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"Furthermore, immunoblotting showed that the knockdown of USP18 notably inhibited the decrease of cGAS ubiquitination and increased protein expression induced by vemurafenib ( Fig. 5 K)."

reach
"In the present study, our RT-qPCR combined with bioinformatics analysis revealed that USP18 could deubiquitinate cGAS to induce protective autophagy in BRAF V600E mutant melanoma."
USP18 activates CGAS.
| 3
USP18 activates CGAS. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"Taken together, USP18 may reduce cGAS degradation by deubiquitinating it thereby maintaining cGAS-STING pathway activation.Finally, we determined that cGAS-STING pathway is involved in USP18-mediated [MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"According to several studies, IAV upregulates USP18 expression, which enhances cGAS stability, leading to prolonged activation of the cGAS/STING pathway, thereby triggering apoptosis and promoting viral replication ."

reach
"Compared with si-NC group, cGAS was degraded more quickly in si-USP18 group ( Fig. 4 B), which indicated that inhibition of USP18 impaired the stability of cGAS."
SOX9 affects USP18
3 | 1 8
3 | 1 8

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

sparser
"Further confirmation through coimmunoprecipitation experiments provided additional evidence of a physical interaction between USP18 and SOX9."

sparser
"To our knowledge, this study represents the first comprehensive investigation of the interaction between USP18 and the oncogenic transcription factor SOX9 in gliomas."

sparser
"Through its USP domain, USP18 interacts with SOX9, stabilising the protein and thereby promoting the maintenance of glioblastoma stemness and the progression of malignant phenotypes."

sparser
"Next, we examined whether the USP18 protein directly interacts with the SOX9 protein in cells."

sparser
"For example, USP18 could bind, deubiquitinate, and stabilize SOX9 protein, thereby positively regulating reactive astrogliosis [ xref ]."

sparser
"USP18 directly interacts with SOX9 and increases the stability of SOX9 in glioma cells."

sparser
"Endogenous USP18 and SOX9 proteins were coimmunoprecipitated from lysates of two GBM cell types, confirming a direct interaction between the USP18 and SOX9 proteins (Fig. xref )."
GSDMD affects USP18
| 6 6
GSDMD binds USP18.
| 4 6
| 4 6

reach
"Together, these data suggest that USP18 binds to GSDMD and impairs GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis in an enzymatic activity-independent manner."

sparser
"GSDMD-USP18 association was increased by different inflammasome activators (Fig. xref G)."

sparser
"We observed that, similarly to wild-type (WT) USP18, enzymatically inactive mutant USP18 C64A could interact with GSDMD (Fig. xref H)."

sparser
"Together, these data suggest that USP18 binds to GSDMD and impairs GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis in an enzymatic activity-independent manner."

reach
"We observed that the interaction between GSDMD and USP18/MIB2 showed no difference in WT GSDMD and I104N GSDMD-transfected cells (Fig. S6D and E)."

sparser
"USP18 interacts with GSDMD and impairs GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis."

reach
"USP18 interacts with GSDMD and impairs GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis."

reach
"Reciprocal pull-down experiments also showed that GSDMD could associate with USP18 (Fig. S1D)."

sparser
"Then, we observed that USP18 specifically interacted with GSDMD but not CASP1/4 (Fig. xref E)."

sparser
"Reciprocal pull-down experiments also showed that GSDMD could associate with USP18 (Fig. xref D)."
GSDMD activates USP18.
| 2
GSDMD activates USP18. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"Since the NLRP3 inflammasome can be formed and activated by DAMPs, PLK2-induced DAMP release could also be crucial for GSDMD pathway activation in the USP18-depleted tumor environment in vivo."

reach
"Since the NLRP3 inflammasome can be formed and activated by DAMPs, PLK2-induced DAMPs release could also be important for GSDMD pathway activation in USP18 depleted tumor environment in vivo."
USP18 affects cell growth
| 9 1
USP18 activates cell growth.
| 7
| 7

reach
"USP18 promotes PC cell growth in vitro and in vivo."

reach
"Another study showed that USP18 expression was increased in malignant versus normal lung tissue, and loss of USP18 expression decreased lung cancer cell growth and increased apoptosis in these cancer [MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"USP18 promotes PC cell growth by facilitating cell cycle progression."

reach
"Likewise, engineered loss of USP18 expression decreased lung cancer cell growth and increased apoptosis in these cancer cells [XREF_BIBR and LM Mustachio personal communication]."

reach
"To further understand the mechanism by which USP18 contributes to PC cell growth, we investigated the effects of USP18 knockdown on the cell cycle and apoptosis."

reach
"Consonant with our observation of enhanced cell proliferation of HEK293 and M15 cells upon exogenous Usp18 expression, a similar promotion of cellular growth by Usp18 has recently been reported in an acute promyelocytic leukemic cell lines [XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"Subsequently, we demonstrated that knockdown of USP18 inhibited HCC cell growth and caused cell-cycle arrest and early apoptosis."
USP18 inhibits cell growth.
| 2 1
| 2 1

reach
"The CCK8 and EdU assay data showed that silencing USP18 obviously suppressed pancreatic cancer cell growth in vitro (XREF_FIG, XREF_FIG)."

reach
"For instance, downregulation of USP18 reduces acute promyelocytic leukaemia cell growth and induces apoptosis, whereas silencing USP18 in glioblastoma cells enhances IFN induced apoptosis [XREF_BIBR]."

sparser
"Subsequently, we demonstrated that knockdown of USP18 inhibited HCC cell growth and caused cell-cycle arrest and early apoptosis."
USP18 affects SNAI1
2 1 | 3 5
USP18 binds SNAI1.
2 | 5
2 | 5

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

sparser
"Moreover, we examined the potential interaction between USP18 protein and Snail1 protein in cellular using Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP)."

sparser
"Figure  xref f showed that USP18 protein could interact with Snail protein."

sparser
"Figure  xref g further identified the interaction between USP18 protein and Snail1 protein."

sparser
"Snail1 can directly interact with USP18 in cellular."

sparser
"Snail1 could directly interact with USP18 in cells."
USP18 deubiquitinates SNAI1.
1 | 3
USP18 deubiquitinates SNAI1. 4 / 4
1 | 3

reach
"A previous study has demonstrated that USP18 can promote the proliferation, migration, and invasion of colorectal cancer cells by deubiquitinating and stabilizing Snail1 protein ( Huang et al., 2020 )[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"In a similar vein, USP18 was determined to bolster tumour proliferation, migration, and invasion by deubiquitinating ZEB1 and Snail1 and solidifying their expression [18, 19]."

reach
"Moreover, USP18 can deubiquitinate and stabilize the Snail1 protein, facilitating colorectal cancer proliferation, migration, and invasion [13] ."

"Conclusion: <span class="match term0">USP18</span> could promote the proliferation, migration, and invasion of colorectal cancer by deubiquitinating and stabilizing the <span class="match term1">Snail1</span> protein in colorectal cancer."
USP18 affects IFNAR
| 1 7 2
USP18 inhibits IFNAR.
| 1 5
USP18 inhibits IFNAR. 6 / 6
| 1 5

reach
"For example, USP18 is known to prevent IFNAR activation as shown by Honke et al. where USP-18 secreting CD169 macrophages displayed a lower type I IFN sensitivity upon viral infection [38], [57].4 Strategies to control innate immune activation upon conventional and self-amplifying mRNA delivery."

reach
"In addition to removing ISG15 conjugates, USP18 also limits IFN signaling by preventing dimerization of IFNAR subunits (17)."

reach
"In addition, independent of its enzymatic activity, USP18 can inhibit the type 1 interferon (IFN-1) signal transduction by binding the Interferon-alpha/beta receptor (IFNAR2) [18]."

eidos
"For example , USP18 is known to prevent IFNAR activation as shown by Honke et al. where USP-18 secreting CD169 + macrophages displayed a lower type I IFN sensitivity upon viral infection [ 38 ] , [ 57 ] ."

reach
"More specifically USP18 competes with JAK1 for binding to IFNAR2, disrupting the stabilization of cytosolic IFNAR signaling complexes."

reach
"Similarly, mutations in USP18 gene, that limits IFNAR signaling, leads to an Aicardi‐Goutières syndrome‐like syndrome, known as pseudo‐toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus and herpes syndrome [56]."
USP18 binds IFNAR.
| 2 2
| 2 2

sparser
"What are the host determinants for ISG15’s species-specific effect on the IFNARUSP18 axis?"

reach
"In this case, STAT2 was able to bind USP18, but USP18 interaction with IFNAR was impaired, leading to prolonged type I IFN signaling (49)."

sparser
"In this case, STAT2 was able to bind USP18, but USP18 interaction with IFNAR was impaired, leading to prolonged type I IFN signaling ( xref )."

reach
"They further demonstrated that white matter microglia from mice with a different point mutation disrupting the interaction between USP18 and IFNAR showed prolonged STAT1 activation mirroring the interferon signaling findings in the USP18 KO mice [XREF_BIBR]."
SLC7A11 affects USP18
| 5 6
| 5 6

sparser
"Likewise, cystine deprivation increases the SLC7A11 and USP18 interaction and enhances SLC7A11 deubiquitylation by USP18, whereas decreases the SLC7A11 and KCTD10 interaction and reduces SLC7A11 polyubiquitylation by KCTD10."

reach
"Specifically, USP18 binds to again the cytoplasmic N-terminal domain of SLC7A11 via its internal domain (AA 51–150) and stabilizes SLC7A11 by extending its protein half-life (Zhou et al., 2024)."

reach
"Likewise, cystine deprivation increases the SLC7A11 and USP18 interaction and enhances SLC7A11 deubiquitylation by USP18, whereas decreases the SLC7A11 and KCTD10 interaction and reduces SLC7A11 polyubiquitylation by KCTD10."

reach
"Thus, we focused on USP18 for further detailed characterization.We first validated the interaction between SLC7A11 and USP18, and found that ectopically expressed SLC7A11 interacts with endogenous USP18 (Fig. 4B)."

reach
"Moreover, the interaction between SLC7A11 and USP18 at endogenous levels was also detected (Fig. 4C)."

reach
"Inactivation of CRL E3 ligase through neddylation blockage (by MLN4924) would, therefore, cause the accumulation of SLC7A11 at the transcriptional levels by the Keap1-NRF2-SLC7A11 and β-TrCP-ATF4-SLC7A11 axes through increased transcription, and at the posttranslational level by the KCTD10–SLC7A11 axis through reduced degradation.In this study, we also characterized USP18 as a deubiquitylase that stabilizes SLC7A11 with the following lines of supporting evidence: 1) USP18 binds to SLC7A11 through its intermediate domain (AA 51-150) and SLC7A11 interacts with USP18 through its N-terminal domain; 2) USP18 overexpression or knockdown increases or decreases SLC7A11 levels, by extending or shortening the SLC7A11 protein half-life, respectively; 3) USP18 decreases the levels of SLC7A11 polyubiquitylation.Whether or under what physiological and pathological conditions that SLC7A11 is subjected to KCTD10 and USP18 regulation?"

sparser
"We first validated the interaction between SLC7A11 and USP18, and found that ectopically expressed SLC7A11 interacts with endogenous USP18 ( xref )."

sparser
"In this study, we also characterized USP18 as a deubiquitylase that stabilizes SLC7A11 with the following lines of supporting evidence: 1) USP18 binds to SLC7A11 through its intermediate domain (AA 51-150) and SLC7A11 interacts with USP18 through its N-terminal domain; 2) USP18 overexpression or knockdown increases or decreases SLC7A11 levels, by extending or shortening the SLC7A11 protein half-life, respectively; 3) USP18 decreases the levels of SLC7A11 polyubiquitylation."

sparser
"Moreover, the interaction between SLC7A11 and USP18 at endogenous levels was also detected ( xref )."

sparser
"Here we showed a dynamic regulation of the SLC7A11 stability by KCTD10 and USP18 in response to cystine levels in the culture, as evidenced by 1) cystine deprivation decreases the levels of KCTD10, but increases the levels of USP18, which is reversed/rescued by cystine resupply, and 2) cystine deprivations disrupts the SLC7A11–KCTD10 interaction to reduce SLC7A11 ubiquitylation, whereas increases the SLC7A11USP18 interaction to enhance SLC7A11 deubiquitylation."
USP20 affects USP18
| 8
| 4

sparser
"In 2016, Zhang et al. [ xref ] reported that USP18 interacts with the deubiquitinase USP20 and recruits it to stimulator of interferon genes (STING)."

sparser
"USP18-USP20 mediated the accumulation of STING that regulates oHSV-1 T1012G viral lytic replication in SCC9 cells."

sparser
"All the above results indicate that USP18-USP20 mediated the accumulation of STING function with limited oHSV-1 T1012G virus yields in SCC9 cells."

sparser
"Immunoprecipitation revealed that STING, USP18 and USP20 are arranged as USP20-USP18-STING, but both USP20 and USP18 were associated with the N-terminus of STING [ xref ]."
| 4

sparser
"We found that USP18 and USP20 both interact with STING in SCC9 cells."

sparser
"Immunoprecipitation revealed that both USP18 and USP20 interacted with the N-terminal region of the STING protein."

sparser
"Collectively, these results showed that USP18 and USP20 interact with STING and that a deficiency of either USP18 or USP20 affects the stability of STING in SCC9 cells."

sparser
"Our above results demonstrated that (1) USP18 and USP20 correlate with limited oHSV-1 T1012G virus yields in SCC9 cells; (2) USP18 and USP20 interact with STING and alter the levels of STING proteins in SCC9 cells; and (3) altered STING accumulation regulates viral replication in SCC9 and SCC25 cells, while we need to further examine whether the DUB activity of USP18 or USP20 is crucial for the regulation of STING stabilization and oHSV-1 T1012G virus replication."
| 6

reach
"High levels of USP18 in murine hematopoietic cells block the cytokine induced terminal differentiation of monocytic cells (Liu et al., 1999)."

reach
"Together, this indicates that USP18 depletion stopped proliferation and induced a commitment switch to myogenic differentiation (Fig. 3G)."

reach
"Deficiency of Usp18 reduced Th17 cell differentiation in vitro and in vivo as a result of hyperactivated NF-kappaB and NFAT signaling and increased levels of IL-2."

reach
"ISG15 KD did not affect differentiation, and in the double KD, ISG15 KD did not prevent differentiation driven by USP18 depletion (Fig. 4C, D)."

reach
"Interestingly, we found that USP18 depletion first enhances differentiation, but was concomitant with dysregulation of myogenic transcription factors."

reach
"USP18 depletion first stimulated differentiation initiation."
| 4

reach
"To identify expression trends that are associated with USP18 KD-driven differentiation, hierarchical clustering was performed on all significantly affected proteins (N = 117, Supplementary Table S4)."

reach
"Furthermore, we also show that ISG15 KD had no impact on differentiation nor did it prevent USP18 KD-mediated differentiation."

reach
"The results showed that Usp18 knockdown significantly increased the osteogenic potential of MSCs, whereas Usp21 deletion decreased the osteoblastic differentiation of MSCs (Fig. S1C–F)."

reach
"USP18 is necessary for Th17 differentiation and the development of CD11b dendritic cells [82,83]."
USP18 affects autophagy
| 1 9
USP18 activates autophagy.
| 1 7
| 1 7

reach
"Previous studies demonstrated that USP18 plays a significant role in regulating autophagy: USP18 decreased paclitaxol sensitivity of triple-negative breast cancer via promoting autophagy [26]; USP18 overexpression could promote autophagy to inhibit cell apoptosis induced by spinal cord ischemia–reperfusion injury [27]; USP18 stabilizes cGAS through deubiquitination, enhancing autophagy in melanoma cells and thereby promoting resistance to vemurafenib in BRAF V600E mutant melanoma [28]."

reach
"Therefore, by inducing autophagy, the USP18/cGAS axis could regulate the resistance to vemurafenib in BRAF V600E mutant melanoma.To sum up, the present study found that USP18 could stabilize cGAS prot[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"Therefore, USP18 could induce autophagy to promote the resistance to vemurafenib in BRAF V600E mutant melanoma cells in nude mice by stabilizing cGAS expression.BRAF inhibitors or a combination of BRA[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"Moreover, Overexpression of USP18 enhanced autophagy to inhibit cell apoptosis induced by SCII in vivo and in vitro."

reach
"USP18 positively regulates autophagy by modifying BECN1 protein [ 24 ]."

eidos
"Mechanistically , USP18 induced autophagy , an important pathway in chemotherapy resistance ."

reach
"In addition, ISGylation of BECN1 inhibits PI3KC3 complex activation, which plays a pivotal role in autophagy, and USP18 positively regulates autophagy by promoting de-ISGylation of BECN1 [36, 37]."

reach
"It has been reported that USP18, an important protein involved in chemotherapy resistance, can induce autophagy, and inhibition of USP18 can effectively inhibit tumor resistance to the chemotherapy dr[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
USP18 inhibits autophagy.
| 2
| 2

reach
"Thus, blocking Lys63 ubiquitination of selected target proteins by ISGylation may provide a general mechanism for type I IFN and ISG15 to modulate target activities.Our study demonstrates that USP18 positively regulates autophagy and EGFR degradation by promoting de-ISGylation of BECN1."

reach
"USP18 mediates deISGylation of BECN1 to promote autophagy and EGFR degradation."
USP18 affects WT1
| 1 9
| 1 9

sparser
"By luciferase reporter assay we identified the shortest promoter fragment responsible for WT1-mediated repression and also demonstrated direct binding of WT1 to the promoter of Usp18 ."

sparser
"In order to study further the interaction between WT1 and the Usp18 promoter, we attempted to identify regions in the promoter conserved between mouse and human."

sparser
"While we were able to demonstrate robust binding of WT1 to the Usp18 promoter by ChIP-Seq, this promoter was not identified by a ChIP-chip analysis of chromatin from a later stage of mouse kidney development (E18.5) [ xref ]."

reach
"Furthermore, direct binding of WT1 to the Usp18 promoter was demonstrated by ChIP assay."

sparser
"In both murine and human cell lines, an increase expression of USP18 is associated with the activity of WT1."

sparser
"WT1 binds directly to the Usp18 promoter and suppresses its transcription."

sparser
"Furthermore, direct binding of WT1 to the Usp18 promoter was demonstrated by ChIP assay."

sparser
"In order to determine whether WT1 binds to the Usp18 promoter, cross-linked protein-DNA fragments were immunoprecipitated by anti-WT1 antibody from M15 cell lysates."

sparser
"Furthermore, to demonstrate WT1 binding to the USP18 promoter in human cells, we used T-REx™ -293 WT1(-KTS) cells in which FLAG-tagged WT1 (-KTS) expression can be induced."

sparser
"Collectively these results indicate that WT1 specifically binds to the endogenous Usp18 promoter."
USP18 affects USP20
| 8
| 4

sparser
"In 2016, Zhang et al. [ xref ] reported that USP18 interacts with the deubiquitinase USP20 and recruits it to stimulator of interferon genes (STING)."

sparser
"USP18-USP20 mediated the accumulation of STING that regulates oHSV-1 T1012G viral lytic replication in SCC9 cells."

sparser
"All the above results indicate that USP18-USP20 mediated the accumulation of STING function with limited oHSV-1 T1012G virus yields in SCC9 cells."

sparser
"Immunoprecipitation revealed that STING, USP18 and USP20 are arranged as USP20-USP18-STING, but both USP20 and USP18 were associated with the N-terminus of STING [ xref ]."
| 4

sparser
"We found that USP18 and USP20 both interact with STING in SCC9 cells."

sparser
"Immunoprecipitation revealed that both USP18 and USP20 interacted with the N-terminal region of the STING protein."

sparser
"Collectively, these results showed that USP18 and USP20 interact with STING and that a deficiency of either USP18 or USP20 affects the stability of STING in SCC9 cells."

sparser
"Our above results demonstrated that (1) USP18 and USP20 correlate with limited oHSV-1 T1012G virus yields in SCC9 cells; (2) USP18 and USP20 interact with STING and alter the levels of STING proteins in SCC9 cells; and (3) altered STING accumulation regulates viral replication in SCC9 and SCC25 cells, while we need to further examine whether the DUB activity of USP18 or USP20 is crucial for the regulation of STING stabilization and oHSV-1 T1012G virus replication."
USP18 affects SAMHD1
2 | 5 3
USP18 binds SAMHD1.
2 | 2 3
2 | 2 1

reach
"Interestingly, USP18 binds to SKP2, an interaction partner of p21 and also precipitates SAMHD1 [124]."

No evidence text available

sparser
"USP18 bound directly to SAMHD1 in the cell nucleus and complexed with cyclin A, CDK1 and 2."
| PMC

reach
"USP18 formed a complex with the E3 ubiquitin ligase recognition factor SKP2 (S-phase kinase associated protein 2) and SAMHD1."

No evidence text available
| 2

sparser
"USP18 formed a complex with the E3 ubiquitin ligase recognition factor SKP2 (S-phase kinase associated protein 2) and SAMHD1."

sparser
"Numerous studies have reported that SAMHD1 can interact with cyclin/CDK complexes ( xref ), USP18 ( xref ) and S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 ( xref ), which are involved in the regulation of cell proliferation ( xref , xref )."
USP18 inhibits SAMHD1.
| 3
USP18 inhibits SAMHD1. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"USP18 downregulates p21 by accumulating misfolded dominant negative p53, which inactivates wild-type p53 transactivation, leading to the upregulation of key enzymes involved in de novo dNTP biosynthesis pathways and inactivated SAMHD1."

reach
"Immune regulatory components whose downregulation improves anti-HIV responses include activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecular (ALCAM) , ubiquitin-specific proteinase 18 (USP18) which negatively regulates type I interferon responses and SAMHD1 in macrophages , and miR-146a that represses antiviral cytokine signaling ."

reach
"In the first experiments on USP18 and HIV-1, we observed that USP18 expression could prevent SAMHD1’s restriction to HIV-1."
USP18 affects ABCG1
| 4 6
| 4 6

reach
"To corroborate this hypothesis, molecular docking was employed to anticipate the potential interaction between USP18 and ABCG1."

sparser
"Noteworthy is the interaction between USP18 and ABCG1, resulting in the reduction of ABCG1 polyubiquitination."

reach
"An interaction between USP18 and ABCG1 in THP‐1‐derived macrophage cells was further substantiated by subsequent co‐immunoprecipitation analysis using endogenous USP18 and ABCG1 antibodies, as evident in Figure 6F,G. Following the silencing of USP18, we undertook an investigation into the ubiquitin level of ABCG1 in cells."

reach
"Our research initially verified the existing interaction between USP18 and ABCG1 through molecular docking (Figure 6A–C), with a calculated free energy of −20 kcal/mol."

reach
"Noteworthy is the interaction between USP18 and ABCG1, resulting in the reduction of ABCG1 polyubiquitination."

sparser
"USP18 Interacts With ABCG1 and Stabilises Its Expression."

sparser
"To corroborate this hypothesis, molecular docking was employed to anticipate the potential interaction between USP18 and ABCG1."

sparser
"An interaction between USP18 and ABCG1 in THP‐1‐derived macrophage cells was further substantiated by subsequent co‐immunoprecipitation analysis using endogenous USP18 and ABCG1 antibodies, as evident in Figure  xref ."

sparser
"Our research initially verified the existing interaction between USP18 and ABCG1 through molecular docking (Figure  xref ), with a calculated free energy of −20 kcal/mol."

sparser
"Data revealed that USP18 interacts with ABCG1 and curbs proteasome‐driven ABCG1 degradation via the removal of ubiquitin chains found in macrophages, thereby reinforcing ABCG1 expression within these cells."
STING1 affects USP18
2 | 2 6
STING1 binds USP18.
2 | 1 6
2 | 1 2

reach
"Zhang et al. studied the effect of USP18 (also known as UBP43) on STING and revealed that USP18 interacts with STING to affect IFN-promotor activity [XREF_BIBR]."

sparser
"USP18 does not interact directly with STING but maintains normal phosphorylation of downstream IRF3 and induction of IFN-I by recruiting USP20 to catalyze the K33/K48 linkage ubiquitination of STING and to protect STING from proteasome-dependent degradation ( xref , xref )."

sparser
"Zhang et al. studied the effect of USP18 (also known as UBP43) on STING and revealed that USP18 interacts with STING to affect IFN-promotor activity [ xref ]."

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
| 4

sparser
"We found that USP18 and USP20 both interact with STING in SCC9 cells."

sparser
"Immunoprecipitation revealed that both USP18 and USP20 interacted with the N-terminal region of the STING protein."

sparser
"Collectively, these results showed that USP18 and USP20 interact with STING and that a deficiency of either USP18 or USP20 affects the stability of STING in SCC9 cells."

sparser
"Our above results demonstrated that (1) USP18 and USP20 correlate with limited oHSV-1 T1012G virus yields in SCC9 cells; (2) USP18 and USP20 interact with STING and alter the levels of STING proteins in SCC9 cells; and (3) altered STING accumulation regulates viral replication in SCC9 and SCC25 cells, while we need to further examine whether the DUB activity of USP18 or USP20 is crucial for the regulation of STING stabilization and oHSV-1 T1012G virus replication."
STING1 inhibits USP18.
| 1
STING1 inhibits USP18. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"Besides, we found that overexpression of USP18 again raised cGAS protein levels, and STING, TBK1, IRF3 and p65 phosphorylation levels in PR8-infected A549 cells, whereas these were reduced by interfer[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
NOTCH1 affects USP18
3 | 3 4
3 | 3 4

sparser
"To test this hypothesis, we first observed whether USP18 and Notch1 directly interact in pancreatic cancer cells, and interestingly, co-IP demonstrated an interaction between USP18 and Notch1 ( xref and xref )."

reach
"These experiments verified that USP18 could directly bind to Notch1 and regulate c-Myc expression via Notch1."

sparser
"These experiments verified that USP18 could directly bind to Notch1 and regulate c-Myc expression via Notch1."

No evidence text available

reach
"To test this hypothesis, we first observed whether USP18 and Notch1 directly interact in pancreatic cancer cells, and interestingly, co-IP demonstrated an interaction between USP18 and Notch1 (XREF_FIG and XREF_FIG)."

No evidence text available

reach
"In our study, by screening a panel of DUBs, we demonstrated that USP18 interacts with Notch1."

No evidence text available

sparser
"In our study, by screening a panel of DUBs, we demonstrated that USP18 interacts with Notch1."

sparser
"First, USP18 and Notch1 directly interact in pancreatic cancer cells."
ABCG1 affects USP18
| 4 6
| 4 6

reach
"To corroborate this hypothesis, molecular docking was employed to anticipate the potential interaction between USP18 and ABCG1."

sparser
"Noteworthy is the interaction between USP18 and ABCG1, resulting in the reduction of ABCG1 polyubiquitination."

reach
"An interaction between USP18 and ABCG1 in THP‐1‐derived macrophage cells was further substantiated by subsequent co‐immunoprecipitation analysis using endogenous USP18 and ABCG1 antibodies, as evident in Figure 6F,G. Following the silencing of USP18, we undertook an investigation into the ubiquitin level of ABCG1 in cells."

reach
"Our research initially verified the existing interaction between USP18 and ABCG1 through molecular docking (Figure 6A–C), with a calculated free energy of −20 kcal/mol."

reach
"Noteworthy is the interaction between USP18 and ABCG1, resulting in the reduction of ABCG1 polyubiquitination."

sparser
"USP18 Interacts With ABCG1 and Stabilises Its Expression."

sparser
"To corroborate this hypothesis, molecular docking was employed to anticipate the potential interaction between USP18 and ABCG1."

sparser
"An interaction between USP18 and ABCG1 in THP‐1‐derived macrophage cells was further substantiated by subsequent co‐immunoprecipitation analysis using endogenous USP18 and ABCG1 antibodies, as evident in Figure  xref ."

sparser
"Our research initially verified the existing interaction between USP18 and ABCG1 through molecular docking (Figure  xref ), with a calculated free energy of −20 kcal/mol."

sparser
"Data revealed that USP18 interacts with ABCG1 and curbs proteasome‐driven ABCG1 degradation via the removal of ubiquitin chains found in macrophages, thereby reinforcing ABCG1 expression within these cells."
USP18 affects signaling
| 9
USP18 inhibits signaling.
| 7
USP18 inhibits signaling. 7 / 7
| 7

sparser
"USP18 inhibits IFN-α/β signaling, and its decrease is consistent with the higher levels of ISG expression in the patient’s blood ( xref )."

sparser
"To determine the molecular mechanisms by which USP18 inhibits TLR induced NF-κB signaling, we transfected 293T cells with MyD88, TRAF2, TRAF6, TAK1-TAB1, IKKα, IKKβ, or p65 subunit together with increasing amounts of USP18 plus the NF-κB luciferase reporter."

sparser
"These findings highlight the importance of studying whether USP18 has additional functional domain(s) and whether USP18 can inhibit TNF-α signaling by itself or in combination with other protein(s)."

sparser
"USP18 inhibits NF-κB signaling at the level of the IKK complex."

sparser
"Given that Usp18 inhibits IFN-I signaling, it will be important to further understand why increases in Usp18 expression do not correlate with a corresponding decrease in IFN-I stimulated gene expression."

sparser
"We hypothesized that USP18 may also prevent the phosphorylation of JAK1 after IFN-γR signaling, similarly to how USP18 inhibits IFNAR2 signaling."

sparser
"Splenic CD169+ macrophages selectively express the ubiquitin-specific protease Usp18 which inhibits interferon αβ receptor (IFNAR) signaling ( xref )."
USP18 activates signaling.
| 2
USP18 activates signaling. 2 / 2
| 2

sparser
"These results collectively suggested that silencing USP18 activated IFN-α signaling, JAK/STAT signaling, in a prolonged fashion."

sparser
"In contrast, silencing USP18 activates the Jak/STAT signaling and potentiates IFN anti-HCV ativity [ xref ]."
USP18 affects cell cycle
| 1 8
USP18 activates cell cycle.
| 1 6
| 1 6

reach
"USP18 promotes PC cell growth by facilitating cell cycle progression."

eidos
"Moreover , flow cytometry showed that downregulation of USP18 significantly arrested the cell cycle in G1 phase in pancreatic cancer cells ."

reach
"reported that USP18 promoted cell cycle progression and colony formation of breast cancer in vitro."

reach
"Overall, these results suggested that USP18 promotes pancreatic cancer cell proliferation by facilitating cell cycle progression and inhibiting cell apoptosis."

reach
"In breast cancer, USP18 promotes proliferation and cell cycle progression via activating AKT/Skp2 and elevating EGFR [ 20 ]."

reach
"Consistently, the loss of c-Myc reversed the cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induced by USP18 overexpression in SW1990 cells (XREF_FIG - XREF_FIG)."

reach
"Cell cycle analysis showed that USP18 silencing caused a considerable inhibition of cell cycle progression, leading to a selective accumulation of cells in the G1 phase compared with control groups in[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
USP18 inhibits cell cycle.
| 2
| 2

reach
"In present study, our data indicated that knockdown of USP18 could inhibit cell proliferation and induce cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase in HCC cells."

reach
"Moreover, flow cytometry showed that downregulation of USP18 significantly arrested the cell cycle in G1 phase in pancreatic cancer cells."
USP18 affects MYC
| 4 5
USP18 binds MYC.
| 4
| 4

sparser
"Immunofluorescence assay showed that Myc-USP18 exhibited colocalization with Flag-MAVS (Fig.  xref )."

sparser
"Because of its deubiquitinase activity, USP18 interacts with Myc to catalyse the deubiquitination of Nothc1, thereby enhancing the Notch1- c -Myc axis and promoting the progression of pancreatic cance[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

sparser
"There were no red spots when Myc-USP18 was co-transfected with the control Flag vector, while the transfection of both Myc-USP18 and Flag-MAVS resulted in significant numbers of red spots (Fig.  xref )."

sparser
"To further clarify the mechanism through which USP18 regulates c-Myc in pancreatic cancer cells, we first determined whether there was a direct interaction between the USP18 and c-Myc proteins."
USP18 activates MYC.
| 3
USP18 activates MYC. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"To further validate that USP18 mediated the growth of PC cells by regulating c-Myc, we first increased the expression of c-Myc in USP18 knockdown PC cells and then measured the USP18 and c-Myc protein expression levels and cell proliferation."

reach
"USP18 null leiomyosarcoma cell lines are aneuploid and overexpress MYC."

reach
"Collectively, these data strongly suggested that USP18 positively regulates c-Myc in PC."
USP18 increases the amount of MYC.
| 1 1
USP18 increases the amount of MYC. 2 / 2
| 1 1

reach
"Stable knockdown of USP18 represses c-Myc expression in PC cells."

sparser
"Increased expression of c-myc, cyclin D1, and cyclin E induced by UBP43 was suppressed in GC cells following STIP1 silencing ( Fig. 6 I)."
USP18 affects MIR7-1
| 1 6
USP18 decreases the amount of MIR7-1.
| 4
USP18 decreases the amount of MIR7-1. 4 / 4
| 4

reach
"The ubiquitin specific peptidase Usp18, the RNA binding protein QKI-5/-6, HuR and MSI2 and the circular transcript ciRS-7 showed to down-regulate the level of miR-7."

reach
"Conversely, Usp18 inhibits transcription of miR-7 from all three loci in multiple cancer cell lines ( Duex et al., 2011 ), promoting tumorigenicity and expression of miR-7 target mRNAs such as the EGF[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"Through a mechanism not fully elucidated, that requires its catalytic activity, USP18 can negatively regulate miR-7 expression."

reach
"Usp18 decreases the expression of miR-7 host genes, as well as intergenic pri-miR-7-2 [XREF_BIBR]."
| PMC
USP18 inhibits MIR7-1.
| 1
USP18 inhibits MIR7-1. 1 / 3
| 1

eidos
"Accordingly , depletion of USP18 activates miR-7 and subsequently downregulates the expression of EGFR , thereby leading to the suppression of tumorigenesis and the facilitation of apoptosis of cancer cells ."
USP18 increases the amount of MIR7-1.
| 2
USP18 increases the amount of MIR7-1. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"Knockdown of Usp18 was found to increase expression of miR-7 host genes and intergenic pri-miR-7-2 and subsequently mature miR-7 [XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"We found that Usp18 depletion elevates miR-7 levels in several cancer cell lines because of a transcriptional activation and/or mRNA stabilization of miR-7 host genes and that miR-7 acts downstream of Usp18 to regulate EGFR mRNA translation via the 3 '-UTR."
USP18 affects IKBKB
2 | 4 3
USP18 binds IKBKB.
2 | 2 2
2 | 2 2

No evidence text available

reach
"To test this prediction, we transfected 293T cells with USP18 together with IKKalpha, IKKbeta, or NEMO expression plasmids and co-immunoprecipitation and immunoblot analysis revealed that USP18 interacted with IKKalpha, IKKbeta, and NEMO (XREF_FIG)."

No evidence text available

sparser
"To determine the mechanism of the USP18 and IKKβ interaction, we generated deletion mutants encompassing the amino-terminal kinase domain (KD), leucine zipper domain (LZ), and a C-terminal helix-loop-helix (HLH) domain of IKKβ ( xref ), and performed immunoprecipitation to test their ability to interact with USP18."

reach
"To determine the mechanism of the USP18 and IKKbeta interaction, we generated deletion mutants encompassing the amino-terminal kinase domain (KD), leucine zipper domain (LZ), and a C-terminal helix-loop-helix (HLH) domain of IKKbeta (XREF_FIG), and performed immunoprecipitation to test their ability to interact with USP18."

sparser
"Similar to full-length IKKβ, all mutated domains could interact with USP18 ( xref ), suggesting that IKKβ may not be the direct target of USP18."
USP18 inhibits IKBKB.
| 2 1
USP18 inhibits IKBKB. 3 / 3
| 2 1

sparser
"We found that the activation of NF-κB by MyD88, TRAF2, TRAF6, TAK1-TAB1, IKKα and IKKβ was markedly inhibited by USP18 ( xref )."

reach
"They show that three USPs -- USP14, USP18, and USP22 -- fulfilled these criteria, but focused on USP14, as USP18 and USP22 could also inhibit IKKbeta activation directly in the absence of NLRC5."

reach
"Importantly, we observed that USP18 and USP22, but not USP14, may directly inhibit IKK-beta activation through an NLRC5 independent mechanism."
USP18 affects FTO
| 6 3
USP18 binds FTO.
| 1 3
| 1 3

sparser
"These data implied an interaction between USP18 and FTO at protein but not mRNA level."

sparser
"Conforming to its deubiquitinase property, the physical interaction of USP18 with FTO led to a lesser extent of ubiquitination in FTO than that was appeared upon silencing of USP18 ( xref )."

reach
"These data implied an interaction between USP18 and FTO at protein but not mRNA level."

sparser
"HDOCK server [ xref ]-based protein-protein interaction analysis indicated that USP18 directly binds to FTO protein domain ranging from 190 to 220 amino acid, where the 3 putative ubiquitination sites are located ( xref )."
USP18 increases the amount of FTO.
| 3
Unubiquitinated USP18 increases the amount of FTO. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"Song et al. (2021b) showed that USP18 post-translational deubiquitination up-regulates FTO protein expression, while FTO promotes BC occurrence and progression via its demethylase activity on PYCR1 to stabilize its transcript."

reach
"Song et al. (Song et al., 2021), for the first time, reported that the post-translational deubiquitination of USP18 could upregulate FTO protein expression and stability."

reach
"Song et al. found that post-translational deubiquitination of USP18 upregulates FTO protein expression, whereas FTO promotes the occurrence and development of BCa through its demethylase activity on PYCR1 and stabilizes its transcript [207]."
USP18 activates FTO.
| 2
USP18 activates FTO. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"Moreover, USP18 upregulation significantly accelerates the proliferation and migration of bladder cancer cells by enhancing the FTO/PYCR1 pathway [ 10 ]."

reach
"These data indicated that USP18 mediated increase of FTO protein stability exacerbates BLCA progression by enhancing carcinogenic properties of the tumor cells."
USP18 affects CDKN1A
| 9
USP18 activates CDKN1A.
| 4
USP18 activates CDKN1A. 4 / 4
| 4

reach
"We showed previously that USP18 contributes to HIV-1 replication by abrogating p21 antiviral function."

reach
"Here, we demonstrate a mechanism by which USP18 mediates p21 downregulation in myeloid cells."

reach
"Human immunodeficiency virus HIV-1 induced USP18 expression as a way to enhance HIV-1 infection in human monocytic leukemia cells, and USP18 promoted HIV replication by blocking the antiviral function[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"In our recent studies, we demonstrate that HIV-1 infection induces USP18, which dramatically enhances HIV-1 replication by abrogating the antiviral function of p21."
USP18 inhibits CDKN1A.
| 3
USP18 inhibits CDKN1A. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"P21 down-regulation by USP18 was associated with inactive form of SAMHD1, phosphorylated at T592."

reach
"USP18 (UBP43) Abrogates p21 Mediated Inhibition of HIV-1."

reach
"USP18 downregulates p21 by accumulating misfolded dominant negative p53, which inactivates wild-type p53 transactivation, leading to the upregulation of key enzymes involved in de novo dNTP biosynthesis pathways and inactivated SAMHD1."
USP18 decreases the amount of CDKN1A.
| 2
USP18 decreases the amount of CDKN1A. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"USP18 down-regulates p21 protein expression, which correlates with upregulated intracellular dNTP levels and the antiviral inactive form of SAMHD1."

reach
"CRISPR-Cas9 knockout of USP18 increased p21 protein expression and blocked HIV-1 replication."
TAB1 affects USP18
2 | 4 2
2 | 4 1

reach
"In overexpression and co-immunoprecipitation assays, USP18 interacted with TAB1 and CARMA1 but not with NEMO constitutively (XREF_FIG and not depicted)."

sparser
"We also found that USP18 weakly interacts with TAB1 alone ( xref ), but it has higher affinity for the TAK1-TAB1 complex in the presence of TAK1 ( xref )."

No evidence text available

reach
"The results indicated that USP18 interacted with TAK1, TAB1, and TAB2 without stimulation and PMA and ion stimulation reduced but did not totally abolish their association, whereas USP18 interacted with CARMA1 weakly in unstimulated cells and PMA and ion stimulation first enhanced their interaction and then resulted in their disassociation (XREF_FIG)."

reach
"We also found that USP18 weakly interacts with TAB1 alone (XREF_FIG), but it has higher affinity for the TAK1 and TAB1 complex in the presence of TAK1 (XREF_FIG)."

reach
"However, USP18 binds to TAB1 and inhibits the ubiquitination of the TAB1 and TAK1 complex."

No evidence text available
| 1

sparser
"Furthermore, USP18 interacted with TAK1-TAB1 complex and IKKα/β-NEMO complex, respectively."
STAT2 affects IFNAR2
| 9
| 8

sparser
"The reported interactions between USP18 and IFNAR2 as well as STAT2 remain to be characterised biochemically and structurally."

sparser
"Taken together, our data suggest that USP18 simultaneously interacts with IFNAR2 via STAT2 in the membrane distal region and directly in the membrane-proximal region ( xref )."

sparser
"These results established that USP18 independently interacts with IFNAR2 and STAT2."

sparser
"Based on our previous report xref and the results presented above, USP18 interacts with both IFNAR2 and STAT2."

sparser
"Binding of STAT2 and USP18 to IFNAR2 is synergistic, in line with the previous observation that the STAT2-IFNAR2 interaction was strengthened by USP18 xref ."

sparser
"We next examined IFNAR2-independent interaction of STAT2 and USP18 in IFNAR2-deficient U5A cells by using cell micropatterning."

sparser
"More detailed analysis of the interaction dynamics of the STAT2IFNAR2 interaction in the presence of USP18 by FRAP ( xref ) revealed a dissociation rate constant of 0.015 ± 0.005 s −1 ."

sparser
"Mapping the STAT2 and USP18 binding to IFNAR2 by cell micropatterning of further deletions and mutations ( xref ) confirmed aa 418-444 of IFNAR2 as a minimal interaction site for STAT2 and USP18."

sparser
"Recently, it was also demonstrated that USP18 can directly interact with STAT2 to form a complex that inhibits IFN-I ligand binding to IFNAR2 ( xref , xref )."
SOCS1 affects USP18
| 2 7
SOCS1 binds USP18.
| 7
| 7

sparser
"USP18 interacts with SOCS1 and mediates its K48-linked deubiquitination."

sparser
"Increased expression of USP18 and SOCS1 has also been associated with reduced HCV clearance ( xref – xref )."

sparser
"To test this hypothesis, the interaction between USP18 and SOCS1 was first assessed."

sparser
"It is therefore important to investigate whether the USP18-SOCS1 complex activates CCL8 in AT2 cells through additional signaling pathways."

sparser
"The results demonstrated that USP18 specifically bound to SOCS1 in the HEK293T cell overexpression system, whereas no interaction was observed with SOCS2 or SOCS3 (Fig. 8a)."

sparser
"As shown in Fig. 8b, the interaction between USP18 and SOCS1 was disrupted in both the USP18 (112–372) and USP18 (150–372) mutants, highlighting the critical role of amino acids 51–112 in USP18 for this interaction."

sparser
"These findings indicate that the amino acids 51–112 of USP18 are important for its interaction with SOCS1, forming a USP18-SOCS1 complex in the mitochondria."
SOCS1 inhibits USP18.
| 2
SOCS1 inhibits USP18. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"However, the signaling is negatively regulated by the suppressor of cytokine signaling1 (SOCS1), SOCS3 and ubiquitin-specific peptidase 18 (USP18), which is very important for regulating insulin sensitivity [82–85]."

reach
"Defects in these negative regulators could lead to the over-activation of positive signal transduction, resulting in disease, such as SOCS1, which negatively regulates the lipopolysaccharide response XREF_BIBR, and USP18, down-regulates the IFN signaling pathway XREF_BIBR."
IFNAR2 affects STAT2
| 9
| 8

sparser
"The reported interactions between USP18 and IFNAR2 as well as STAT2 remain to be characterised biochemically and structurally."

sparser
"Taken together, our data suggest that USP18 simultaneously interacts with IFNAR2 via STAT2 in the membrane distal region and directly in the membrane-proximal region ( xref )."

sparser
"These results established that USP18 independently interacts with IFNAR2 and STAT2."

sparser
"Based on our previous report xref and the results presented above, USP18 interacts with both IFNAR2 and STAT2."

sparser
"Binding of STAT2 and USP18 to IFNAR2 is synergistic, in line with the previous observation that the STAT2-IFNAR2 interaction was strengthened by USP18 xref ."

sparser
"We next examined IFNAR2-independent interaction of STAT2 and USP18 in IFNAR2-deficient U5A cells by using cell micropatterning."

sparser
"More detailed analysis of the interaction dynamics of the STAT2IFNAR2 interaction in the presence of USP18 by FRAP ( xref ) revealed a dissociation rate constant of 0.015 ± 0.005 s −1 ."

sparser
"Mapping the STAT2 and USP18 binding to IFNAR2 by cell micropatterning of further deletions and mutations ( xref ) confirmed aa 418-444 of IFNAR2 as a minimal interaction site for STAT2 and USP18."

sparser
"Recently, it was also demonstrated that USP18 can directly interact with STAT2 to form a complex that inhibits IFN-I ligand binding to IFNAR2 ( xref , xref )."
USP18 affects TRIM31
1 | 7
1 | 7

sparser
"Therefore, we hypothesized that USP18 interacts with TRIM31 and subsequently enhances the interaction between TRIM31 and MAVS."

sparser
"To test our hypothesis, we first examined whether the interaction between USP18 and TRIM31 existed."

sparser
"We observed that USP18 did interact with TRIM31 through the Co-IP assay (Fig.  xref )."

sparser
"Immunofluorescence assay showed that USP18 can colocalize with TRIM31 (Fig.  xref ), further suggesting the interaction between USP18 and TRIM31."

sparser
"More importantly, we observed that the interaction between endogenous USP18 and TRIM31 was increased following SeV infection (Fig.  xref ), indicating USP18 may control the activity of TRIM31."

No evidence text available

sparser
"Moreover, USP18 interacts with TRIM31 to promote the K63-linked polyubiquitination of MAVS and then positively regulates innate antiviral immunity ( xref )."

sparser
"The fact that different domains of MAVS mediate its interaction with TRIM31 and USP18 further suggests that USP18 is very likely to promote the interaction between TRIM31 and MAVS."
USP18 affects NEDD4
| 3 5
| 3 5

sparser
"USP18 interacts with NEDD4, inhibiting NEDD4-mediated ubiquitination of CSF1R, thereby reducing CSF1R degradation."

reach
"We first used co-immunoprecipitation to analyze the interaction of USP18 and NEDD4."

reach
"In addition, we detected the interaction between endogenous USP18 and NEDD4 in THP-1-derived macrophages (Figure 6C)."

reach
"To investigate if the interaction of USP18 and NEDD4 affects the ubiquitin conjugation to RAP2A, NEDD4, RAP2A, ubiquitin, and USP18 were co-expressed in HEK293T cells."

sparser
"NEDD4 interacts with USP18 and mediates ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation of CSF1R."

sparser
"We first used co-immunoprecipitation to analyze the interaction of USP18 and NEDD4."

sparser
"The interaction between exogenously expressed USP18 and NEDD4 was observed ( xref )."

sparser
"In addition, we detected the interaction between endogenous USP18 and NEDD4 in THP-1-derived macrophages ( xref )."
USP18 affects ISG
| 8
USP18 increases the amount of ISG.
| 4
USP18 increases the amount of ISG. 4 / 4
| 4

reach
"Since USP18 iMacs also had increased STAT1 and STAT2 signaling, we wanted to determine if USP18 iMacs also had enhanced ISG expression after IFN‐β treatment."

reach
"Considering this finding, we hypothesized that USP18 may mediate atypical ISG expression by regulating transcriptional machinery beyond the canonical STAT2-ISRE interaction."

reach
"However, infection did interfere with the ISG regulatory IRF-STAT1 and STAT2 pathways to inhibit IFNT induced ISG expression including ISG15, HERC5, USP18 (involved in protein modification via ISGylation), DDX58, IFIH1 (cytosolic detection of viral RNA) and IFIT3, MX2, RSAD2, and SAMD9 (immune regulators with antiviral activity) XREF_BIBR."

reach
"Furthermore, UBA7/USP18 dKO cells remained sensitive to IFN and induced ISG expression at levels comparable to hUSP18 KO cells (Figures 5C and 5D).55 No significant differences in ISG induction or IFN sensitivity were observed between UBA7 KO cells and WT (Figures 5C and 5D)."
USP18 decreases the amount of ISG.
| 2
USP18 decreases the amount of ISG. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"We found that knockdown of both ISG15 and USP18 upregulated ISG expression and exerted opposite effects on CSFV."

reach
"Silencing of USP18 by siRNA was later shown to prolong STAT1 phosphorylation and enhance ISG expression, resulting in a synergistic antiviral effect on HCV treated with IFN [XREF_BIBR]."
USP18 activates ISG.
| 2
USP18 activates ISG. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"USP18 specifically removes the ISGylation from substrate proteins by interferon-stimulated (ISG) gene 15 and also regulates the interferon signaling pathway to block ISGs (88,89)."

reach
"In cell culture, siRNA mediated depletion of USP18 enhanced ISG induction as well as the antiviral effect of IFN-alpha against HCV replication."
USP18 affects IL2
| 1 5
USP18 inhibits IL2.
| 1 3
USP18 inhibits IL2. 4 / 6
| 1 3

reach
"Taken together, USP18 downregulates IL-2 synthesis and TCR induced T cell proliferation [XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"Genetic depletion of USP18 causes NF-κB and NFAT hyperactivation and hyperproduction of IL-2 in T cells [154]."
| PMC

eidos
"Taken together , USP18 downregulates IL-2 synthesis and TCR-induced T cell proliferation [ 43 ] ."

reach
"To understand the molecular mechanisms by which USP18 reduces IL-2 production in T cells, we first examined the activation of TCR proximal signaling events."
USP18 decreases the amount of IL2.
| 2
USP18 decreases the amount of IL2. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"These data demonstrate that USP18 inhibits IL-2 expression and T cell proliferation in T cells after TCR stimulation as well as under Th17 polarizing conditions."

reach
"After TCR stimulation, USP18-deficient T cells display hyperactivation of NF-κB, JNK, and NFAT and produce increased level of IL-2."
USP18 affects IFN receptor
| 8
USP18 inhibits IFN receptor.
| 5
USP18 inhibits IFN receptor. 5 / 5
| 5

reach
"Whereas ISG15 conjugation has been widely recognized to act antivirally 13, unconjugated ISG15 serves a proviral role by promoting USP18 mediated suppression of type I IFN receptor (IFNAR) signaling XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR; this latter function of ISG15 is responsible for over-amplified ISG induction and fortified viral resistance in humans with inherited ISG15 deficiency."

reach
"USP18 is upregulated by type I IFNs and interacts with STAT2 to negatively regulate type I IFN receptor signaling, while ISG15 binds and stabilizes USP18."

reach
"On the other hand, the deubiquitinating enzyme USP18 can also directly inhibit type I IFN receptor signaling, thereby suppressing the immune response (Arimoto et al., 2017)."

reach
"A majority of these genes are responsible for the regulation and control of early innate inflammation, such as USP18, which disrupts the JAK-STAT pathway downstream of the IFN receptor (43), and TIFAB, which inhibits the activation of the NF-κB pathway (44)."

reach
"USP18 regulates antiviral responses by removing ISG15 conjugates and can directly inhibit type I IFN receptor signaling by binding the subunit 2 of the receptor via STAT-2 XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR."
USP18 binds IFN receptor.
| 3
USP18 binds IFN receptor. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"Since we have shown that binding of Usp18 to type I IFN receptor subunit 2 (Ifnar2) is important for Usp18 mediated downregulation of type I IFN signalling, we investigated a potential interaction of Usp18 with the IFN-lambda specific receptor subunit IL-28R1."

reach
"To exert its function as a negative regulator, USP18 binds to the IFN receptor and JAK complex and attenuates the magnitude of the response."

reach
"For instance, STAT2-dependent USP18 recruitment to the type I IFN receptor subunit IFNAR2 is required for USP18-mediated receptor dimerization interference [21, 23, 24]."
USP18 affects CD8
| 8
USP18 inhibits CD8.
| 5
USP18 inhibits CD8. 5 / 5
| 5

reach
"The absence of Usp18 limited the expansion of virus specific CD8 + T cells (XREF_FIG) and reduced IFN-gamma production by CD8 + T cells (XREF_FIG) and CD4 + T cells (XREF_FIG)."

reach
"In conclusion, lack of Usp18 in CD11c + cells reduced priming of islet specific CD8 + T cells and prevented induction of diabetes."

reach
"We found here that lack of Usp18 in dendritic cells prevented enforced virus replication and would therefore limit induction of autoreactive CD8 + T cells, but also induction of IFN-I production."

reach
"Furthermore, in comparison to control mice, the frequency of conventional CD11b + DCs in the spleen of Usp18 -/- mice was reduced by about 50% (XREF_FIG), however, the conventional CD8 + DCs (XREF_FIG) and pDCs (CD11c int B220 + CD11b -) (data not shown) populations were observed with the same frequency in the spleens of both Usp18 -/- and control mice."

reach
"Here, we report that deletion of USP18 in myeloid cells suppresses tumor growth and enhances activation of cytotoxic CD8 cells."
USP18 activates CD8.
| 3
USP18 activates CD8. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"Therefore we would suggest that Usp18 expression in dendritic cells could drive autoimmune diabetes by promoting activation of cross-reactive CD8 + T cells, but also by induction of high levels of IFN-I."

reach
"This finding suggests that, in the presence of virus specific antibodies, Usp18 is necessary for viral replication in marginal zone macrophages and also enhances the priming of virus specific CD8 + T cells."

reach
"These results suggest that USP18 deletion leads to CSF1R downregulation in TAMs and a decrease in pro-tumor/immunosuppressive macrophages, contributing to enhanced anti-tumor macrophage polarization, consequently promoting a Th1-dominant TME and enhancing CD8 T cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity, in agreement with previous reports."
TRIM31 affects USP18
1 | 7
1 | 7

sparser
"Therefore, we hypothesized that USP18 interacts with TRIM31 and subsequently enhances the interaction between TRIM31 and MAVS."

sparser
"To test our hypothesis, we first examined whether the interaction between USP18 and TRIM31 existed."

sparser
"We observed that USP18 did interact with TRIM31 through the Co-IP assay (Fig.  xref )."

sparser
"Immunofluorescence assay showed that USP18 can colocalize with TRIM31 (Fig.  xref ), further suggesting the interaction between USP18 and TRIM31."

sparser
"More importantly, we observed that the interaction between endogenous USP18 and TRIM31 was increased following SeV infection (Fig.  xref ), indicating USP18 may control the activity of TRIM31."

No evidence text available

sparser
"Moreover, USP18 interacts with TRIM31 to promote the K63-linked polyubiquitination of MAVS and then positively regulates innate antiviral immunity ( xref )."

sparser
"The fact that different domains of MAVS mediate its interaction with TRIM31 and USP18 further suggests that USP18 is very likely to promote the interaction between TRIM31 and MAVS."
NEDD4 affects USP18
| 3 5
| 3 5

sparser
"USP18 interacts with NEDD4, inhibiting NEDD4-mediated ubiquitination of CSF1R, thereby reducing CSF1R degradation."

reach
"We first used co-immunoprecipitation to analyze the interaction of USP18 and NEDD4."

reach
"In addition, we detected the interaction between endogenous USP18 and NEDD4 in THP-1-derived macrophages (Figure 6C)."

reach
"To investigate if the interaction of USP18 and NEDD4 affects the ubiquitin conjugation to RAP2A, NEDD4, RAP2A, ubiquitin, and USP18 were co-expressed in HEK293T cells."

sparser
"NEDD4 interacts with USP18 and mediates ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation of CSF1R."

sparser
"We first used co-immunoprecipitation to analyze the interaction of USP18 and NEDD4."

sparser
"The interaction between exogenously expressed USP18 and NEDD4 was observed ( xref )."

sparser
"In addition, we detected the interaction between endogenous USP18 and NEDD4 in THP-1-derived macrophages ( xref )."
IFNB1 affects USP18
| 6
IFNB1 activates USP18.
| 4
IFNB1 activates USP18. 4 / 5
| 4

reach
"16 USP18 is induced by IFN-beta not only in lymphocytes but also in HO-1 human melanoma cells, 6 in Huh-7.5 cells treated with irrelevant small interfering RNAs, 17 in the choroid plexus and in ependymal cells."

reach
"A previous study showed that USP18 is induced by IFN-beta in HO-1 human melanoma cells XREF_BIBR."

reach
"In contrast, Li et al. (2000) demonstrate that ISG43 (HuUBP43) is induced maximally by IFN-beta, in 2fTGH cells, whereas IFN-gamma (200 U/ml) is a better inducer of this gene than IFN-alpha (500 U/ml)[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"Compared with IFN-α and dsRNA, IFN-β can induce USP18 at a greater level, but IFN-γ seems to have no induction effect [ 28 ]."
IFNB1 increases the amount of USP18.
| 2
IFNB1 increases the amount of USP18. 2 / 3
| 2

reach
"XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR MS. IFN-beta is considered the first line of therapy against MS. XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR IFN-beta can induce USP18 expression through IFNAR."

reach
"Finally, AA homozygosis for the intronic polymorphism rs2542109 was associated with the responder phenotype; however, USP18 expression levels induced by IFNbeta did not differ amongst MS patients carrying different rs2542109 genotypes."
IFNAR2 affects STAT2, and USP18
| 8
| 8

sparser
"The reported interactions between USP18 and IFNAR2 as well as STAT2 remain to be characterised biochemically and structurally."

sparser
"Taken together, our data suggest that USP18 simultaneously interacts with IFNAR2 via STAT2 in the membrane distal region and directly in the membrane-proximal region ( xref )."

sparser
"These results established that USP18 independently interacts with IFNAR2 and STAT2."

sparser
"Based on our previous report xref and the results presented above, USP18 interacts with both IFNAR2 and STAT2."

sparser
"Binding of STAT2 and USP18 to IFNAR2 is synergistic, in line with the previous observation that the STAT2-IFNAR2 interaction was strengthened by USP18 xref ."

sparser
"We next examined IFNAR2-independent interaction of STAT2 and USP18 in IFNAR2-deficient U5A cells by using cell micropatterning."

sparser
"More detailed analysis of the interaction dynamics of the STAT2IFNAR2 interaction in the presence of USP18 by FRAP ( xref ) revealed a dissociation rate constant of 0.015 ± 0.005 s −1 ."

sparser
"Mapping the STAT2 and USP18 binding to IFNAR2 by cell micropatterning of further deletions and mutations ( xref ) confirmed aa 418-444 of IFNAR2 as a minimal interaction site for STAT2 and USP18."
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxine increases the amount of USP18.
5 |
5 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

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No evidence text available
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxine decreases the amount of USP18.
3 |
3 |

No evidence text available

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No evidence text available
ZEB1 affects USP18
2 | 1 4
2 | 1 4

sparser
"In the current study, our results demonstrated that USP18 directly interacted with ZEB1 and suppressed the poly-ubiquitination of ZEB1, thereby stabilising ZEB1 expression in human ESCC cells."

sparser
"USP18 interacted with ZEB1 and reduced the poly-ubiquitination of ZEB1, thereby stabilising ZEB1 and leading to the induction of the EMT process ( Fig. 5 G)."

reach
"As expected, the Co-IP assays indicated the interaction between USP18 and ZEB1 using endogenous USP18 and ZEB1 antibodies in TE10 and ECA109 cells ( Fig. 5 A)."

sparser
"To test this hypothesis, we examined whether USP18 interacted with ZEB1 in ESCC cells."

sparser
"As expected, the Co-IP assays indicated the interaction between USP18 and ZEB1 using endogenous USP18 and ZEB1 antibodies in TE10 and ECA109 cells ( Fig. 5 A)."

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
USP41P affects USP18
6 | 1
6 | 1

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

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sparser
"Here, we show that USP18 interacts with its paralog USP41, whose catalytic domain shares 97% identity with USP18."

No evidence text available
USP18 affects cell death
| 6
USP18 inhibits cell death.
| 5
| 5

reach
"Our results demonstrate that I60N retains deISGylase activity, and the observed accumulation of ISGylated proteins can be decoupled from the loss of catalytic function.Partial impairments in scaffold function by the I60N mutation were correlated with intermediate levels of ISGylation and IFN sensitivity, implicating scaffold function as the primary mechanism by which USP18 loss promotes tumor intrinsic growth arrest and cell death."

reach
"USP18 inhibition also increased apoptotic cell death by nearly 4-fold in primary rat beta cells after 48h of treatment with IFNalpha (XREF_FIG)."

reach
"Moreover, we observed that suppression of USP18 in ependymal cells treated with IFN significantly increased cell death, including pyroptosis, and decreased proliferation."

reach
"In line with this hypothesis, double knockdown of USP18 and DP5, PUMA or Bim protects against USP18 knockdown induced beta cell death."

reach
"One recent study showed that USP18 inhibition induces pyroptotic cell death (56)."
USP18 activates cell death.
| 1
| 1

reach
"ISG15 and USP18 were proposed to be responsible for the decrease in neurogenesis and IL-6 for the increase in cell death."
USP18 affects Ubiquitin
| 4 2
USP18 activates Ubiquitin.
| 3
| 3

reach
"A novel interferon stimulated gene encoding a 43-kDa ubiquitin specific protease, designated ISG43, was identified in this screen."

reach
"Overall, our study and other studies indicate that USP18 recruits distinct E3 ubiquitin ligases to mediate different ubiquitin linkage types of targeted proteins for regulating its functions, facilitating the balance of immune responses and the maintenance of homeostasis.In summary, we identified USP18 as a negative regulator of pyroptosis by promoting the autophagic degradation of GSDMD."

reach
"A similar role of RNAse L negative regulation of the IFN response has also been suggested by the report that a novel IFN-stimulated gene encoding a 43-kDa ubiquitin-specific protease, designated ISG43[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
USP18 decreases the amount of Ubiquitin.
| 1
USP18 decreases the amount of Ubiquitin. 1 / 2
| 1

reach
"USP18 impairs degradation of CSF1R by inhibiting CSF1R-NEDD4 interaction and regulating ubiquitin E2 UBCH5 expression."
USP18 binds Ubiquitin.
| 2

sparser
"In contrast, no binding of USP18 to the respective Ub probe xref was observed ( xref )."

sparser
"Our results clearly show that USP18 exhibits no reactivity towards ubiquitin in vitro indicating/demonstrating that the described inhibition of the NF-κB pathway by USP18 is rather an indirect effect and not mediated by direct interaction between USP18 and ubiquitin."
USP18 affects USP41P
6 | 1
6 | 1

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

sparser
"Here, we show that USP18 interacts with its paralog USP41, whose catalytic domain shares 97% identity with USP18."

No evidence text available
USP18 affects SOCS1
| 7
| 7

sparser
"USP18 interacts with SOCS1 and mediates its K48-linked deubiquitination."

sparser
"Increased expression of USP18 and SOCS1 has also been associated with reduced HCV clearance ( xref – xref )."

sparser
"To test this hypothesis, the interaction between USP18 and SOCS1 was first assessed."

sparser
"It is therefore important to investigate whether the USP18-SOCS1 complex activates CCL8 in AT2 cells through additional signaling pathways."

sparser
"The results demonstrated that USP18 specifically bound to SOCS1 in the HEK293T cell overexpression system, whereas no interaction was observed with SOCS2 or SOCS3 (Fig. 8a)."

sparser
"As shown in Fig. 8b, the interaction between USP18 and SOCS1 was disrupted in both the USP18 (112–372) and USP18 (150–372) mutants, highlighting the critical role of amino acids 51–112 in USP18 for this interaction."

sparser
"These findings indicate that the amino acids 51–112 of USP18 are important for its interaction with SOCS1, forming a USP18-SOCS1 complex in the mitochondria."
| 4 3

reach
"USP18 promotes PC cell growth in vitro and in vivo."

reach
"USP18 promotes PC cell growth by facilitating cell cycle progression."

eidos
"USP18 contributes to the progression of pancreatic cancer through enhancing the Notch1-c-Myc axis USP18 has been reported to interact with different substrates to exert its effects [ 16-18 ] ."

reach
"To further validate that USP18 mediated the growth of PC cells by regulating c-Myc, we first increased the expression of c-Myc in USP18 knockdown PC cells and then measured the USP18 and c-Myc protein expression levels and cell proliferation."

eidos
"( G ) Proposed model by which USP18 promotes PC progression by modifying Notch1 / c-Myc axis ."

eidos
"Overall , these results demonstrated that USP18 contributes to the progression of pancreatic cancer and is dependent on the Notch1 / c-Myc signalling pathway ( Figure 7G ) ."

eidos
"Moreover , we found that USP18 promoted pancreatic cancer progression via upregulation of Notch-1-dependent c-Myc ."
USP18 affects IFI27
| 5 2
USP18 binds IFI27.
| 2 2
| 2 2

reach
"Interaction between USP18 and IFI27 was verified using Co-immunoprecipitation (CoIP) assay."

sparser
"Interaction between USP18 and IFI27 was verified using Co‐immunoprecipitation (CoIP) assay."

reach
"To check the interaction between USP18 and IFI27, this experiment was carried out in DDP‐resistant ESCC cells."

sparser
"Herein, our data confirmed that USP18 physically interacted with IFI27 to enhance the protein stability of the latter by decreasing its ubiquitination."
USP18 deubiquitinates IFI27.
| 2
USP18 deubiquitinates IFI27. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"Mechanistically, USP18 induced the deubiquitination of IFI27 and prevented its degradation."

reach
"USP18 transcriptionally mediated by HOXA5 could promote cell malignant behaviors and DDP resistance through deubiquitinating IFI27, providing a promising therapeutic target for ESCC treatment."
USP18 increases the amount of IFI27.
| 1
USP18 increases the amount of IFI27. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"Overall, these results suggested that USP18 could increase IFI27 expression via deubiquitination by DDP‐resistant ESCC cells.3.4 USP18 Downregulation Could Improve DDP Sensitivity in DDP-Resistant ESCC Cells by Regulating IFI27 Ubiquitination."
USP18 affects CXCL10
| 1 6
USP18 activates CXCL10.
| 1 2
USP18 activates CXCL10. 3 / 3
| 1 2

reach
"In this study, overexpression of USP18 further raised the levels of inflammatory factors, and promoted the synthesis and secretion of IFN-β and chemokine CXCL10 in IAV-infected A549 cells."

eidos
"STAT1 , USP18 and IRF1 modulate CXCL10 levels in EC following IFN-alpha stimulation To validate the transcriptional regulations inferred in our multiple-output FFL regulatory subnetwork ( Fig. 2 ) , we measured CXCL10 protein levels in tissue culture media conditioned by STAT1 - , USP18 - , IFIH1 - and IRF1-silenced HUVECs , compared to HUVECs transfected with a scrambled siRNA ( siCTRL ) ."

reach
"What’s more, overexpression of USP18 further enhanced the synthesis and secretion of IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-β and CXCL10 after PR8 infection ( Fig. 2 A and B), while inhibition of USP18 had an opposite effe[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
USP18 increases the amount of CXCL10.
| 2
USP18 increases the amount of CXCL10. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"These data are similar to another report that USP18-deficient mammary epithelial cells induce recruitment of Th1 subtype CD4 T cells by up-regulating IFN-γ secretion of Cxcl10, forming a tumor-inhibiting microenvironment [25]."

reach
"Hypersensitivity of PyVmT and Usp18 KO MECs to IFN-lambda enhances upregulation of Cxcl10 expression and inhibits tumour progression."
USP18 decreases the amount of CXCL10.
| 2
USP18 decreases the amount of CXCL10. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"These results were confirmed in primary rat beta cells (XREF_FIG) in which USP18 inhibition upregulated CXCL10, CCL5 and IL-15 mRNA expression."

reach
"We demonstrated that USP18 deficient cells have increased expression of IFIT1, IFIT2, IFIT3, IFITM1, IFITM2, CXCL9, CXCL10, ISG15, and MX2 after treatment with exogenous IFN‐β."
USP18 affects CSF1R
| 7
USP18 activates CSF1R.
| 3
USP18 activates CSF1R. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"It revealed that degradation of CSF1R was faster in BMDMs from Usp18 mice than in control cells, indicating that USP18 deletion enhanced the process of CSF1R degradation (Figure 6A)."

reach
"In our current study, we revealed another mechanism of CSF1R regulation mediated by USP18 and NEDD4.Reduction of CSF1R on cell membranes has been reported by shedding with TNF-α-converting enzyme TACE and γ-secretase and by CSF1 or Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonist-stimulated internalization and lysozyme degradation."

reach
"This study, led by Miyauchi et al., found that the reduction of USP18 enhances the proteasomal degradation of colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) mediated by ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 D1 (UBCH5) and neural precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated 4 E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (NEDD4)."
USP18 ubiquitinates CSF1R.
| 2
USP18 ubiquitinates CSF1R. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"These data indicate that USP18 inhibits the interaction of CSF1R and NEDD4, which diminishes the NEDD4-mediated ubiquitination of CSF1R and results in the inhibition of CSF1R degradation."

reach
"Similarly, USP18 binds the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) and blocks the interaction of CSF1R with the ubiquitin E3 ligase NEDD4 and the ubiquitination and degradation of CSF1R [94] (Figure 2)."
USP18 increases the amount of CSF1R.
| 2
USP18 increases the amount of CSF1R. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"In our current study, deletion of USP18 in macrophages downregulated CSF1R expression on TAMs and reduced the frequency of immunosuppressive TAMs in the TME."

reach
"Deletion of USP18 downregulates CSF1R expression and promotes activation of CD8 + T cells."
USP18 affects AKT
| 7
USP18 activates AKT. 7 / 7
| 7

reach
"Tan et al. have demonstrated that USP18 promotes breast cancer growth by upregulating EGFR and activating the AKT and Skp2 pathway."

reach
"For instance, Tan et al. found that USP18 promotes breast cancer growth by upregulating EGFR and activating the AKT and Skp2 pathway [XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"In malignant tumors, USP18 is elevated and activates AKT/mTOR signaling, promotes phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT) and p-mTOR protein expression, leading to cancer cell proliferation and migration (106)."

reach
"In conclusion, USP18 promoted the proliferation and migration of ovarian cancer cells by activating AKT/mTOR signaling."

reach
"USP18 contributes to the proliferation and migration of ovarian cancer cells by regulating the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway."

reach
"USP18 promotes breast cancer growth by upregulating EGFR and activating the AKT and Skp2 pathway."

reach
"For instance, USP18 promotes breast cancer growth by upregulating EGFR and activating the AKT/Skp2 pathway [ 12 ]."
TWIST1 affects USP18
3 | 1 3
3 | 1 3

sparser
"Interestingly, USP18 associates with TWIST1 and mediates the stabilization of TWIST1, thereby leading to glioblastoma cell migration and invasion."

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

sparser
"Mechanistically, USP18 interacts with Twist1, removes its ubiquitination off, and subsequently stabilizes it."

sparser
"Targeting USP18-Twist1 regulatory axis may open a novel avenue for GBM treatment."

reach
"Mechanistically, USP18 interacts with Twist1, removes its ubiquitination off, and subsequently stabilizes it."
SNAI1 affects USP18
2 | 5
2 | 5

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

sparser
"Moreover, we examined the potential interaction between USP18 protein and Snail1 protein in cellular using Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP)."

sparser
"Figure  xref f showed that USP18 protein could interact with Snail protein."

sparser
"Figure  xref g further identified the interaction between USP18 protein and Snail1 protein."

sparser
"Snail1 can directly interact with USP18 in cellular."

sparser
"Snail1 could directly interact with USP18 in cells."
SAMHD1 affects USP18
2 | 2 3
2 | 2 1

reach
"Interestingly, USP18 binds to SKP2, an interaction partner of p21 and also precipitates SAMHD1 [124]."

No evidence text available

sparser
"USP18 bound directly to SAMHD1 in the cell nucleus and complexed with cyclin A, CDK1 and 2."
| PMC

reach
"USP18 formed a complex with the E3 ubiquitin ligase recognition factor SKP2 (S-phase kinase associated protein 2) and SAMHD1."

No evidence text available
| 2

sparser
"USP18 formed a complex with the E3 ubiquitin ligase recognition factor SKP2 (S-phase kinase associated protein 2) and SAMHD1."

sparser
"Numerous studies have reported that SAMHD1 can interact with cyclin/CDK complexes ( xref ), USP18 ( xref ) and S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 ( xref ), which are involved in the regulation of cell proliferation ( xref , xref )."
IL6 affects USP18
| 6
IL6 increases the amount of USP18.
| 4
IL6 increases the amount of USP18. 4 / 5
| 4

reach
"In the present study, treatment of hepatic cells with LPS and TNF-alpha, but not IL-6 or IL-10, led to upregulated USP18 expression in hepatocytes."

reach
"USP18 mRNA expression was induced by TNF-alpha and LPS but not by IL-6 or IL-10 (XREF_FIG)."

reach
"We could also observe an increase at the protein level of the inflammatory genes Serpine1, USP18 and IL1-b cytokine, activated by the inflammasome response (Fig. 2b), and an accumulation of the secreted cytokine IL6 (Fig. 2c)."

reach
"Treatment of Huh7.5 cells and primary murine hepatocytes with LPS and TNF-alpha, but not IL-6 or IL-10, led to upregulated USP18 expression and induced an IFN-alpha refractory state, which was reversed by USP18 knockdown."
IL6 activates USP18.
| 2
IL6 activates USP18. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"USP18 is induced in hepatocytes by LPS and TNF-alpha but not by IL-6 and IL-10."

reach
"The cytokine specificity of our results is also consistent with finding that IL-6 alone is not able to induce USP18 in murine T cells."
IFNL4 affects USP18
| 7
IFNL4 decreases the amount of USP18.
| 3
IFNL4 decreases the amount of USP18. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"These results demonstrate that virus induced IFN-lambda4 potently blocks IFN-alpha signalling by inducing high protein levels of ISG15 and USP18."

reach
"In conclusion, these data indicate that IFN-lambda4 attenuates the response of HCV genotype 1b to IFN-alpha therapy and inhibits the JAK-STAT signalling pathway by inducing USP18 expression."

reach
"Recently, Fan et al. also demonstrated that IFN-lambda4 inhibits the JAK-STAT signalling pathway by inducing USP18 expression 28."
IFNL4 increases the amount of USP18.
| 2
IFNL4 increases the amount of USP18. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"In hepatoma cells, IFNL4 gene transfection or recombinant IFN-lambda4 protein treatment robustly increased the protein levels of ISG15 and USP18 in an IFNLR1 dependent manner and potently blocked IFN-alpha signalling."

reach
"We suspect that whereas increased TNF-alpha does contribute to USP18 expression, there are other stimuli, for example, LPS and perhaps the recently described interferon-lambda 4, that also modulate hepatic USP18 expression."
IFNL4 activates USP18.
| 2
IFNL4 activates USP18. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"Microarray analysis revealed that IFN-lambda4 could induce ubiquitin specific peptidase 18 (USP18), a known inhibitor of the type I IFN signalling pathway, in a more sustained pattern compared with type I interferon induction."

reach
"IFN-alpha unresponsiveness depends on ISG15 and USP18 in cells that overexpress IFN-lambda4 or treated with IFN-lambda4."
IFNG affects USP18
| 7
IFNG increases the amount of USP18.
| 4
IFNG increases the amount of USP18. 4 / 4
| 4

reach
"In this report, we investigated the function of USP18 in IFN-gamma signaling in B16 melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo and found that IFN-gamma or CTLs activated USP18 expression in tumor cells."

reach
"USP18 expression in tumor cells, such as human sarcoma 2fTGH cells, is not only induced by IFNgamma timulation [XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"IFN-gamma signaling induces USP18 expression in tumor cells during immunosurveillance."

reach
"In conclusion, we found that IFN-gamma signaling induces intrinsic expression of USP18 in tumor cells that not only affects tumorigenesis, but also may be useful in regulating immunotherapy efficacy."
IFNG activates USP18.
| 3
IFNG activates USP18. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"The low-level induction of USP18 by IFN-gamma was not sufficient to attenuate (peg) IFN-alpha-mediated signaling."

reach
"The novel finding in this study is the discovery that the ubiquitin specific peptidase USP18 can be induced by IFN-gamma in tumor cells and plays important roles in inhibiting tumorigenesis and antitumor immunity."

reach
"92 Hong et al. 93 found that IFN-gamma can induce USP18 in tumor cells and that this protein plays an important role in inhibiting tumorigenesis and maintaining antitumor immunity."
IFI27 affects USP18
| 5 2
IFI27 binds USP18.
| 2 2
| 2 2

reach
"Interaction between USP18 and IFI27 was verified using Co-immunoprecipitation (CoIP) assay."

sparser
"Interaction between USP18 and IFI27 was verified using Co‐immunoprecipitation (CoIP) assay."

reach
"To check the interaction between USP18 and IFI27, this experiment was carried out in DDP‐resistant ESCC cells."

sparser
"Herein, our data confirmed that USP18 physically interacted with IFI27 to enhance the protein stability of the latter by decreasing its ubiquitination."
IFI27 inhibits USP18.
| 3
IFI27 inhibits USP18. 3 / 3
| 3

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"Collectively, these findings indicated that elevated IFI27 reversed the repression of USP18 knockdown on cell malignant development and DDP resistance in DDP‐resistant ESCC cells.3.5 HOXA5 Directly Bound the Promoter of USP18."

reach
"Furthermore, a series of rescue experiments demonstrated that IFI27 upregulation partially reversed the repression of USP18 deficiency on DDP resistance, cell proliferation, and metastasis in DDP‐resistant ESCC cells."

reach
"Taken together, these results indicated that HOXA5 could repress IFI27 expression by modulating USP18 in DDP‐resistant ESCC cells.4 Discussion."
Bisphenol A affects USP18
6 |
Bisphenol A increases the amount of USP18.
3 |
Bisphenol A increases the amount of USP18. 3 / 3
3 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
Bisphenol A decreases the amount of USP18.
3 |
Bisphenol A decreases the amount of USP18. 3 / 3
3 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
All-trans-retinoic acid increases the amount of USP18.
2 | 1
All-trans-retinoic acid increases the amount of USP18. 3 / 4
2 | 1

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"All-trans-retinoic acid treatment increases USP18 expression in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells, leading to stabilization of the PML/RARα protein."

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
All-trans-retinoic acid decreases the amount of USP18.
2 |
All-trans-retinoic acid decreases the amount of USP18. 2 / 2
2 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

reach
"Additionally, knockdown of USP18 inhibited the proliferation of HCC cells and induced G1 cell cycle arrest and early apoptosis."

reach
"USP18 could diminish apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of TNBC induced by paclitaxol."

reach
"USP18 could reduce paclitaxol sensitivity, and attenuate paclitaxol-induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest through activating autophagy in TNBC cells."

reach
"Then, we explored the effect of USP18 on paclitaxol-induced cell cycle arrest in TNBC cells."

reach
"We further showed that USP18 could reduce paclitaxol sensitivity, and attenuate paclitaxol-induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest through activating autophagy in TNBC cells in vitro and in vivo ."

reach
"Cell apoptosis and cell cycle assays also showed that leupeptin abrogated the effect of USP18 on paclitaxol-induced cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in MDA-MB-231 cells ( Fig. 3 D&E)."
USP18 affects activation
| 6
USP18 inhibits activation. 6 / 6
| 6

sparser
"Luciferase assay showed that both human and mouse USP18 markedly inhibited MyD88-mediated NF-κB-luc activation, suggesting a conserved biological function in regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway ( xref )."

sparser
"More importantly, USP18 only inhibited NF-κB activation in WT NEMO or NEMO (K285/309R) construct, but had no effect on NEMO (K325/326R) construct ( xref )."

sparser
"Regardless of its enzymatic activity, UBP43 directly interacts with the IFNAR2 subunit of the IFN-α/β receptor such that UBP43 inhibits the activation of receptor-associated JAK1 by blocking the interaction between JAK1 and IFNAR2 [ xref ]."

sparser
"Moreover, USP18 competitively inhibits IFN-α/β-induced JAK/STAT activation [ xref ] and upregulates epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression [ xref ]."

sparser
"In contrast, USP18 did not inhibit p65-mediated NF-κB activation ( xref ), suggesting that USP18 inhibits the NF-κB pathway upstream of p65, most likely targeting the IKK complex."

sparser
"Taken together, these results suggest that USP18 inhibits TLR-induced NF-κB activation by blocking the degradation of IκBα as well as by blocking the nuclear accumulation of p65."
USP18 affects RELA
| 6
USP18 phosphorylates RELA.
| 3
USP18 phosphorylates RELA. 3 / 3
| 3

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"TNFα induced serine 536 phosphorylation of p65, while the effect was attenuated by ISG15 overexpression and augmented by USP18 overexpression (Fig. 2A–D), suggesting that ISGylation impedes p65 phosphorylation."

reach
"Besides, we found that overexpression of USP18 again raised cGAS protein levels, and STING, TBK1, IRF3 and p65 phosphorylation levels in PR8-infected A549 cells, whereas these were reduced by interfer[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"Western blot analysis showed that interfering cGAS suppressed the increase of cGAS protein levels caused by overexpression of USP18 ( Fig. 5 A) and attenuated the induction of STING, TBK1, IRF3 and p6[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
USP18 inhibits RELA.
| 3
USP18 inhibits RELA. 3 / 3
| 3

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"Here, we found that ectopic expression of USP18 suppressed nuclear accumulation of p65 as well as NF-kappaB activation by LPS treatment."

reach
"A different study involving various in vitro cancer models provides evidence that USP18-mediated p65/p50 inhibition causes inhibited proliferation and increased apoptosis in leukemia, multiple myeloma, B-cell lymphoma, and cervical cancer cells (42)."

reach
"Consistent with these results, we found that knockdown of USP18 enhanced NF-kappaB-luc activity induced by TNF-alpha, LPS, MyD88, TRAF6, TAK1-TAB1, IKKbeta, but not p65 (XREF_FIG)."
USP18 affects PTEN
| 6
USP18 inhibits PTEN.
| 3
USP18 inhibits PTEN. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"Data displayed here indicate that loss of USP18 induced destabilization of PTEN protein in the cytoplasm."

reach
"It was therefore not surprising that repression of USP18 augmented PTEN cytoplasmic destabilization."

reach
"Conversely, the deubiquitinating enzyme ubiquitin specific peptidase 18 (USP18) has been reported to reverse PTEN ISGylation."
USP18 activates PTEN.
| 3
USP18 activates PTEN. 3 / 3
| 3

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"Interestingly, repression of USP18 decreased cytoplasmic PTEN relative to nuclear PTEN protein levels."

reach
"However, USP18 overexpression could stabilize PTEN protein, and USP18 repression decreases mainly cytoplasmic PTEN [XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"ISGylation reduces the cytoplasmic content of PTEN, while USP18-mediated deISGylation promotes PTEN protein stability and recovery of its cytoplasmic expression (Mustachio et al., 2017)."
USP18 affects PRKAA2
| 6
USP18 increases the amount of PRKAA2.
| 4
USP18 increases the amount of PRKAA2. 4 / 4
| 4

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"POU4F1 promoted transcription of AMPK-alpha2 (PRKAA2) and USP18 modulated PRKAA2 protein level via affecting POU4F1."

reach
"Western blot (Fig. 7D) and IHC (Fig. 7E) demonstrated that knockdown of USP18 or POU4F1 significantly downregulated the protein level of PRKAA2 in tumor tissues from mice, which was then offset following upregulation of POU4F1 or PRKAA2."

reach
"Our level analysis demonstrated that USP18 promoted PRKAA2 expression by enhancing de-ubiquitination of POU4F1.However, there are some limitations in the current study."

reach
"All in all, POU4F1 could promote PRKAA2 transcription and USP18 upregulated PRKAA2 expression via the deubiquitination of POU4F1."
USP18 activates PRKAA2.
| 2
USP18 activates PRKAA2. 2 / 2
| 2

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"Silencing USP18 reduced tumor growth in vivo by mediating POU4F1/PRKAA2 axis."

reach
"USP18 enhanced tumor growth in vivo via mediating POU4F1 and PRKAA2."
USP18 affects Mice
| 6
USP18 inhibits Mice.
| 4
USP18 inhibits Mice. 4 / 4
| 4

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"Adenovirus-mediated knockdown of USP18 significantly enhanced the salivary flow rate of NOD mice while reducing lymphocyte infiltration in mouse salivary ligand tissues."

reach
"USP18 inhibits osteoclastogenesis in mice [77]."

reach
"USP18 deficiency causes interferonopathies in mice and in humans [19–21]."

reach
"In addition, USP18 overexpression dramatically prevented focal cerebral I/R injury in mice through suppressing microglial activation and inflammation [21]."
USP18 activates Mice.
| 2
USP18 activates Mice. 2 / 2
| 2

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"Concordantly, lack of USP18 function causes fatal interferonopathies in humans and mice."

reach
"USP18 expression in B16 melanoma tumor cells modulates immune cell phenotypes, including increasing MHC class-I expression, impairing tumor cell-mediated inhibition of T cell proliferation and activat[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
USP18 affects KCTD10
| 6
| 6

sparser
"Taken together, the precise and dynamic regulation of the SLC7A11 stability by the KCTD10USP18 axis under the conditions of cystine deficiency vs. sufficiency is pathologically relevant and biologically significant."

sparser
"Through targeting SLC7A11, the KCTD10USP18 axis regulates ferroptosis."

sparser
"Cystine Regulates SLC7A11 Levels and Cell Viability via the KCTD10USP18 Axis."

sparser
"Mechanistically, CRL3 KCTD10 is an E3 ligase, whereas USP18 is a DUB for SLC7A11, and the levels of the KCTD10USP18 axis are coordinately regulated in response to environmental cystine for coordinated control of the SLC7A11 stability."

sparser
"The KCTD10USP18 Axis Regulates Cell Viability via Ferroptosis by Targeting SLC7A11."

sparser
"The Correlation between SLC7A11 and the KCTD10USP18 Axis in Breast Cancer Tissues."
USP18 affects Infections
| 6
USP18 inhibits Infections.
| 3
| 3

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"For example, silencing USP18 has been shown to promote the antiviral innate immunity against hepatitis C virus infection [52], while pharmacological inhibition of USP14 greatly suppresses murine norovirus infection [53]."

reach
"Therefore, these results suggested that inhibiting the expression of IFIT3, OASL, USP18, XAF1, IFI27, and EPSTI1 may reduce the risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and may also have a positive effect on antiviral therapy in patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.In conclusion, this study comprehensively analyzed the blood leukocytes gene expression profile data of COVID‐19 patients by using bioinformatics methods and provided a preliminary understanding of the functions and mechanisms of DEGs in the leukocytes of COVID‐19 patients."

reach
"A partial form of inherited human USP18 deficiency underlies infection and inflammation."
USP18 activates Infections.
| 3
| 3

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"CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of USP18 enhances type I IFN responsiveness and restricts HIV-1 infection in macrophages."

reach
"We found that USP18 increased HIV-1 infection by more than 40-fold and HIV-2Δvpx by over 7-fold."
| PMC

reach
"Knockout of USP18 abrogated significantly the infection of HIV-1 by more than 6-folds, which correlated strongly with reduced phosphorylated SAMHD1.USP18 blocked the interferon-induced signalling in the THP-1 cells measured by ISG induction by real time PCR."
| PMC
USP18 affects IFNAR1
| 6
| 6

sparser
"Their study showed that USP18 does not interact with IFNAR1, but with Box1-Box2 region of IFNAR2 to disrupt its interaction with JAK to inhibit JAK’s tyrosine kinase activity in a DUB activity independent manner [ xref ]."

sparser
"USP18 specifically binds to the intracellular domain of the type I interferon receptor 2 (IFNAR2), interfering with the JAK1-receptor interaction and thereby preventing the downstream phosphorylation cascade and the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs)."

sparser
"USP18 binds to the Type I interferon receptor and blocks JAK1 activation of interferon signaling, which could also explain the reduction in ISGylation [ xref ]."

sparser
"Usp18 can directly activate the JAK/STAT signaling pathway to promote IFN responses [ xref ] or may bind to interferon receptor 2 (IFNAR2) and inhibit the JAK/STAT [ xref ]."

sparser
"In addition to the enzymatic activity, USP18 also interacts with the type I interferon receptor and shuts off downstream signaling."

sparser
"Interestingly, USP18 in humans (but not in mice) can also interfere with the anti-viral outcome of IFN signaling by an additional mechanism: USP18 can bind the interferon receptor 2 (IFNAR2), block the association of JAK, and possibly limit IFNAR2-IFNAR1 dimerization, thereby interfering with the JAK-STAT signaling pathway xref ."
USP18 affects IFIH1
| 3
USP18 inhibits IFIH1.
| 1
USP18 inhibits IFIH1. 1 / 2
| 1

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"Immunofluorescence analysis using specific dsRNA antibodies showed a significant and time-dependent accumulation of dsRNA in the USP18 KO cells after IFN treatment, indicating that USP18-dependent ISGylation under these conditions could inhibit ADAR activity.In addition to ADAR, PKR, RIG-I and MDA5, we found other proteins involved in antigen presentation and resistance to immunotherapy, such as TAP1, GBP1, STAT1, IFIT1, PSMB10, PSMB9, GBP2, MAGE and PARP14, also regulated by USP18-dependent ISGylation."
USP18 decreases the amount of IFIH1.
| 1
USP18 decreases the amount of IFIH1. 1 / 2
| 1

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"Moreover, USP18 reduces the expression of MDA5, the T1D candidate gene, leading to the downregulation of double-stranded chemokine production induced by RNA and attenuate the proinflammatory response of β cells (115).2.8.2 Roles of USPs in type 2 diabetes."
USP18 activates IFIH1.
| 1
USP18 activates IFIH1. 1 / 2
| 1

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"20 IFNalpha did not induce MDA5 expression in siCTRL tranfected cells, but MDA5 mRNA was upregulated by 24-fold in USP18 inhibited INS-1E cells after IFNalpha treatment (XREF_FIG)."
| 1 5
| 1 5

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"Consistent with these findings, Colony forming assays also showed that USP18 knockdown decreased the cell viability of BxPC-3 cells, whereas overexpression of USP18 increased the cell viability of SW1990 cells (XREF_FIG and XREF_FIG)."

eidos
"The results showed that knockdown of USP18 reduced cell viability and ovarian cancer proliferation ."

reach
"We next showed that siRNA depletion of USP18 in H1650 cells reduces cell viability in accordance with the screening data (Figure 1D)."

reach
"We showed here that USP18 knockdown reduced cell viability by destabilizing SLC7A11 to induce ferroptosis, which is blocked by either ectopic expression of SLC7A11 or treatment with a ferroptosis inhibitor."

reach
"The results showed that knockdown of USP18 reduced cell viability and ovarian cancer proliferation."

reach
"Beyond that, elevated USP18 could promote colorectal cancer cell survival after treatment with DDP [31]."
KCTD10 affects USP18
| 6
| 6

sparser
"Taken together, the precise and dynamic regulation of the SLC7A11 stability by the KCTD10USP18 axis under the conditions of cystine deficiency vs. sufficiency is pathologically relevant and biologically significant."

sparser
"Through targeting SLC7A11, the KCTD10USP18 axis regulates ferroptosis."

sparser
"Cystine Regulates SLC7A11 Levels and Cell Viability via the KCTD10USP18 Axis."

sparser
"Mechanistically, CRL3 KCTD10 is an E3 ligase, whereas USP18 is a DUB for SLC7A11, and the levels of the KCTD10USP18 axis are coordinately regulated in response to environmental cystine for coordinated control of the SLC7A11 stability."

sparser
"The KCTD10USP18 Axis Regulates Cell Viability via Ferroptosis by Targeting SLC7A11."

sparser
"The Correlation between SLC7A11 and the KCTD10USP18 Axis in Breast Cancer Tissues."
IKBKB affects USP18
2 | 2 2
2 | 2 2

No evidence text available

reach
"To test this prediction, we transfected 293T cells with USP18 together with IKKalpha, IKKbeta, or NEMO expression plasmids and co-immunoprecipitation and immunoblot analysis revealed that USP18 interacted with IKKalpha, IKKbeta, and NEMO (XREF_FIG)."

No evidence text available

sparser
"To determine the mechanism of the USP18 and IKKβ interaction, we generated deletion mutants encompassing the amino-terminal kinase domain (KD), leucine zipper domain (LZ), and a C-terminal helix-loop-helix (HLH) domain of IKKβ ( xref ), and performed immunoprecipitation to test their ability to interact with USP18."

reach
"To determine the mechanism of the USP18 and IKKbeta interaction, we generated deletion mutants encompassing the amino-terminal kinase domain (KD), leucine zipper domain (LZ), and a C-terminal helix-loop-helix (HLH) domain of IKKbeta (XREF_FIG), and performed immunoprecipitation to test their ability to interact with USP18."

sparser
"Similar to full-length IKKβ, all mutated domains could interact with USP18 ( xref ), suggesting that IKKβ may not be the direct target of USP18."
IFNAR1 affects USP18
| 6
| 6

sparser
"Their study showed that USP18 does not interact with IFNAR1, but with Box1-Box2 region of IFNAR2 to disrupt its interaction with JAK to inhibit JAK’s tyrosine kinase activity in a DUB activity independent manner [ xref ]."

sparser
"USP18 specifically binds to the intracellular domain of the type I interferon receptor 2 (IFNAR2), interfering with the JAK1-receptor interaction and thereby preventing the downstream phosphorylation cascade and the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs)."

sparser
"USP18 binds to the Type I interferon receptor and blocks JAK1 activation of interferon signaling, which could also explain the reduction in ISGylation [ xref ]."

sparser
"Usp18 can directly activate the JAK/STAT signaling pathway to promote IFN responses [ xref ] or may bind to interferon receptor 2 (IFNAR2) and inhibit the JAK/STAT [ xref ]."

sparser
"In addition to the enzymatic activity, USP18 also interacts with the type I interferon receptor and shuts off downstream signaling."

sparser
"Interestingly, USP18 in humans (but not in mice) can also interfere with the anti-viral outcome of IFN signaling by an additional mechanism: USP18 can bind the interferon receptor 2 (IFNAR2), block the association of JAK, and possibly limit IFNAR2-IFNAR1 dimerization, thereby interfering with the JAK-STAT signaling pathway xref ."
IFN-I affects USP18
| 6
IFN-I activates USP18.
| 4
IFN-I activates USP18. 4 / 4
| 4

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"11 Moreover, infection with S. typhimurium enhances IFN-I signaling and inflammatory response in Usp18 lty9 mice."

reach
"Both ISG15 and USP18 are induced by IFN-I and are essential for a balanced IFN response [25,26] ."

reach
"Both Usp18 and Isg15 genes are known to be strongly induced by IFN-I, genotoxic stress, and viral infection ( Farrell et al., 1979 )."

reach
"USP18 is transcriptionally induced by IFN-I and restrains global ISGylation by de-ISGylating substrates and also by inhibiting IFN-I signaling."
IFN-I inhibits USP18.
| 2
IFN-I inhibits USP18. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"This could be explained by the IFN-I inhibiting activity of the Usp18."
| PMC

reach
"Suppressive pathways include IFN-I activation of USP18, an ISG that suppresses signal transduction by reducing the ability of IFN-Is to form an active receptor complex (38, 48)."
USP18 affects interferon receptor
| 5
USP18 inhibits interferon receptor.
| 3
USP18 inhibits interferon receptor. 3 / 3
| 3

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"USP18 inhibits type I interferon signaling by preventing Janus-associated kinase 1 (JAK1) pathway from binding to type I interferon receptor."

reach
"USP18 inhibits type I interferon signaling by preventing Janus-associated kinase 1 (JAK1) from binding to the type I interferon receptor."

reach
"In addition to its isopeptidase activity, USP18 negatively regulates type I and type III IFN signalling by blocking the IFNAR2 subunit of the interferon receptor ."
USP18 binds interferon receptor.
| 2
USP18 binds interferon receptor. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"Interestingly, USP18 in humans (but not in mice) can also interfere with the anti-viral outcome of IFN signaling by an additional mechanism: USP18 can bind the interferon receptor 2 (IFNAR2), block the association of JAK, and possibly limit IFNAR2-IFNAR1 dimerization, thereby interfering with the JAK-STAT signaling pathway [89]."

reach
"Usp18 can directly activate the JAK/STAT signaling pathway to promote IFN responses [42] or may bind to interferon receptor 2 (IFNAR2) and inhibit the JAK/STAT [43]."
USP18 affects ferroptosis
| 5
USP18 activates ferroptosis.
| 3
| 3

reach
"Deubiquitinase USP18 mediates cell migration, apoptosis and ferroptosis in lung adenocarcinoma by depending on POU4F1/PRKAA2 axis."

reach
"In summary, USP18 knockdown inhibited proliferation, migration but enhanced apoptosis and ferroptosis in LUAD cells."

reach
"We further confirmed that USP18 modulation of ferroptosis was through SLC7A11, since ectopic SLC7A11 expression largely rescued ferroptotic cell death induced by Erastin and enhanced by USP18 knockdown (Fig. 6H and SI Appendix, Fig. S7M)."
USP18 inhibits ferroptosis.
| 2
| 2

reach
"Likewise, USP18 knockdown increases ferroptosis, which is rescued by ferroptosis inhibitors or ectopic SLC7A11 expression."

reach
"Knockdown of USP18 promoted apoptosis and ferroptosis of LUAD cells."
USP18 affects STIP1
2 | 3
2 | 3

sparser
"In this study, we found that UBP43 could interact with STIP1 in GC cells and enhance its stability by deubiquitination."

sparser
"Next, we performed IF and Co-IP experiments to further investigate the interaction between UBP43 and STIP1."

sparser
"Co-IP experiments showed that UBP43 could interact with STIP1 ( Fig. 6 C)."

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
USP18 affects PCNA
2 | 3
2 | 3

sparser
"On the other hand, endogenous UBP43 interacted with PCNA only at 36 hr (i.e., when the level of UBP43 was dramatically increased) ( Figure 7 A, bottom)."

sparser
"To determine the fate of ISGylated PCNA that appeared 12–24 hr after UV treatment ( Figures 2 B and 2C), we first examined whether PCNA could interact with UBP43."

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

sparser
"Overexpressed PCNA could bind to UBP43 ( Figure 7 A, top)."
USP18 affects KRAS
| 4 1
USP18 activates KRAS.
| 4
USP18 activates KRAS. 4 / 4
| 4

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"Using the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide (CHX), USP18 knockdown significantly reduced the half-life of KRAS, but gain of USP18 expression significantly increased its stability."

reach
"Loss of USP18 Reduces Tumorigenicity of Kras driven Lung Cancers in Mice."

reach
"Since in vitro data revealed USP18 knockdown decreased KRAS protein stability it was sought to learn if Usp18 loss (XREF_SUPPLEMENTARY) affected lung cancer formation in the Kras driven mouse model."

reach
"Repression of USP18 not only decreased KRAS protein stability, but also conferred KRAS mislocalization from the plasma membrane to the endomembrane compartment."
USP18 binds KRAS.
| 1
| 1

sparser
"KRAS is Associated with USP18 in Lung Cancer Cell Lines."
USP18 affects Glioma
| 5
USP18 activates Glioma. 5 / 5
| 5

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"Knockdown of USP18 expression suppressed the proliferation capacity and colony formation of glioma cells."

reach
"USP18-mediated glioma proliferation may be related to EMT."

reach
"A recent study has also indicated that USP18 affects EMT and promotes glioma stem cell growth (78)."

reach
"In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that knockdown of USP18 expression inhibited the proliferation of glioma cells, which may be mediated by the effect of USP18 on the IFN-I response."

reach
"Collectively, these results indicated that USP18 knockdown inhibited the proliferation and induced the apoptosis of glioma cells."
USP18 affects Fibrosis
| 5
USP18 inhibits Fibrosis.
| 3
| 3

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"Injection of USP18 lentivirus into the portal vein of a CCl 4 -induced liver fibrosis mouse model confirmed that overexpression of USP18 can significantly reduce the degree of liver fibrosis."

reach
"In brief, the authors observed that cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of USP18 attenuated myocardial hypertrophy, fibrosis, ventricular dilatation, and ejection fraction decline induced by aortic banding, whereas USP18 knockout exacerbated remodeling (59)."

reach
"Experiments performed in transgenic mice demonstrated that the increased USP18 expression in cardiomyocytes upon an increased afterload attenuated the cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis, resulting in the delayed development of heart failure."
USP18 activates Fibrosis.
| 2
| 2

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"FOXO3 and USP18 Dynamics in Bleomycin-Induced Mouse Lung Fibrosis."

reach
"The natural flavonoid cardamonin (CAR), a specific USP18 agonist, significantly improves cardiac function in TAC mice by enhancing USP18-mediated anti-hypertrophic effects, as evidenced by increased ejection fraction (EF%), reduced B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels, and attenuated myocardial inflammation/fibrosis [157]."

reach
"We identified that nuclear USP18 diminishes binding of IFN regulated transcription factors to their corresponding DNA motifs in cooperation with NF-κB. Consequently, the suppression of USP18 not only enhances the expression of canonical IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) but also activates a set of atypical ISGs and NF-κB target genes that induce cancer pyroptosis."

reach
"Knockdown of USP18 represses the transcription factor PML and RARalpha and inhibits growth of acute promyelocytic leukaemia [24]."

reach
"Nuclear USP18 cooperates with NF-κB to reduce the binding of IFN-regulated transcription factors to their corresponding DNA motifs."

reach
"Silencing USP18 prolongs the phosphorylated state of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) and enhances the expression of ISGs in response to IFN-alpha [XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"Our genome wide analyses reveal that nuclear USP18 diminishes binding of IFN-regulated transcription factors to their corresponding DNA motifs in cooperation with NF-κB."
| 5

reach
"In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that elevated expression of USP18 in HNSC cells promotes tumorigenesis by regulating the PLK1-mTORC1 pathway."

reach
"USP18 was shown to promote lung tumorigenesis and affect fatty acid metabolism [13]."

reach
"The effect of ISGylation of specific protein targets in the tumour microenvironment will also be the focus of our further research.Previous studies have shown that increased USP18 expression promotes tumorigenesis by increasing stability of critical ISG15‐conjugated oncogenic proteins (Basters et al., 2017; Liu et al., 2020; Pinto‐Fernandez et al., 2021)."

reach
"A study has indicated that USP18 contributes to controlling carcinogenesis, as loss of USP18 function increases apoptosis and decreases cell proliferation by destabilization of the cyclin D1 protein 22.It remains, however, unclear so far whether the EFP, HERC5 and USP18 genes contribute to tumourigenesis through ISG15/ISGylation or other mechanisms."

reach
"By stabilizing KRAS, USP18 sustains KRAS signaling and promotes tumorigenesis by upregulating the growth regulator cyclin D1 [178]."
USP18 affects CHUK
2 | 1 1
2 | 1

No evidence text available

reach
"To test this prediction, we transfected 293T cells with USP18 together with IKKalpha, IKKbeta, or NEMO expression plasmids and co-immunoprecipitation and immunoblot analysis revealed that USP18 interacted with IKKalpha, IKKbeta, and NEMO (XREF_FIG)."

No evidence text available
| 1

sparser
"Furthermore, USP18 interacted with TAK1-TAB1 complex and IKKα/β-NEMO complex, respectively."
USP18 affects BECN1
1 | 4
1 | 4

reach
"Since the expression of USP18 affects both autophagy and EGFR degradation (see below), we focused our analysis on the interaction of USP18 and BECN1 which is involved in both autophagy and EGFR degradation."

reach
"Strikingly, we found that there is interaction of endogenous BECN1 and USP18 after treatment with type I IFN."

No evidence text available

reach
"USP18 specifically interacts with BECN1."

reach
"The binding of USP18 with BECN1 was significantly reduced upon deletion of its BH3 domain (BECN1BH3D) and completely eliminated after further deletion of the CC domain (BECN1BH3D, CCDD), suggesting that both the BH3 and the CC domain of BECN1 are important for the interaction with USP18."
STIP1 affects USP18
2 | 3
2 | 3

sparser
"In this study, we found that UBP43 could interact with STIP1 in GC cells and enhance its stability by deubiquitination."

sparser
"Next, we performed IF and Co-IP experiments to further investigate the interaction between UBP43 and STIP1."

sparser
"Co-IP experiments showed that UBP43 could interact with STIP1 ( Fig. 6 C)."

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
STAT1 affects USP18
| 1 3 1
STAT1 activates USP18.
| 1 2
STAT1 activates USP18. 3 / 3
| 1 2

reach
"This study showed that type I IFNs (but not type II IFNs) were required for CD95 induced stemness and did so through the phosphorylation and activation of STAT1 and upregulation of the STAT1 targets PLSCR1, USP18, and HERC8."

reach
"The second mechanism is the recently described inhibition of STAT1 phosphorylation by UBP43 (the product of ISG43) through its inhibition of JAK1 interaction with the IFNAR2 subunit of the type I IFN receptor XREF_BIBR."

eidos
"STAT1 , USP18 and IRF1 modulate CXCL10 levels in EC following IFN-alpha stimulation To validate the transcriptional regulations inferred in our multiple-output FFL regulatory subnetwork ( Fig. 2 ) , we measured CXCL10 protein levels in tissue culture media conditioned by STAT1 - , USP18 - , IFIH1 - and IRF1-silenced HUVECs , compared to HUVECs transfected with a scrambled siRNA ( siCTRL ) ."
STAT1 binds USP18.
| 1 1
| 1 1

sparser
"Our data also indicate that the catalytic domain of USP18 interacts with DBD of STAT1 (Fig.  xref A,D) suggesting that STAT1 and STAT2 both may have a role in recruiting USP18 to IFNAR2."

reach
"ISGF3 binds the IFN-sensitive response element (ISRE) within ISG promoters, increasing transcription and expression of hundreds of ISGs, including ISG15 and its conjugating enzymes Ube1L, UbcH8, EFP, TRIM25, and HERC5, as well as USP18 (FIG."
PCNA affects USP18
2 | 3
2 | 3

sparser
"On the other hand, endogenous UBP43 interacted with PCNA only at 36 hr (i.e., when the level of UBP43 was dramatically increased) ( Figure 7 A, bottom)."

sparser
"To determine the fate of ISGylated PCNA that appeared 12–24 hr after UV treatment ( Figures 2 B and 2C), we first examined whether PCNA could interact with UBP43."

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

sparser
"Overexpressed PCNA could bind to UBP43 ( Figure 7 A, top)."
MYC affects USP18
| 1 4
MYC binds USP18.
| 4
| 4

sparser
"Immunofluorescence assay showed that Myc-USP18 exhibited colocalization with Flag-MAVS (Fig.  xref )."

sparser
"Because of its deubiquitinase activity, USP18 interacts with Myc to catalyse the deubiquitination of Nothc1, thereby enhancing the Notch1- c -Myc axis and promoting the progression of pancreatic cance[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

sparser
"There were no red spots when Myc-USP18 was co-transfected with the control Flag vector, while the transfection of both Myc-USP18 and Flag-MAVS resulted in significant numbers of red spots (Fig.  xref )."

sparser
"To further clarify the mechanism through which USP18 regulates c-Myc in pancreatic cancer cells, we first determined whether there was a direct interaction between the USP18 and c-Myc proteins."
MYC activates USP18.
| 1
MYC activates USP18. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"Further investigation revealed that USP18 promoted cell progression by increasing c-Myc expression, which has been reported to control pancreatic cancer progression, and our data demonstrated that c-Myc is key for USP18 mediated pancreatic cancer cell progression in vitro and in vivo."
Lipopolysaccharides increases the amount of USP18. 5 / 5
5 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
IL10 affects USP18
| 4
IL10 increases the amount of USP18. 4 / 5
| 4

reach
"In the present study, treatment of hepatic cells with LPS and TNF-alpha, but not IL-6 or IL-10, led to upregulated USP18 expression in hepatocytes."

reach
"USP18 mRNA expression was induced by TNF-alpha and LPS but not by IL-6 or IL-10 (XREF_FIG)."

reach
"We examined the ability of inflammatory stimuli, including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-10 to upregulate hepatocyte USP18 expression and blunt the IFN-alpha response."

reach
"Treatment of Huh7.5 cells and primary murine hepatocytes with LPS and TNF-alpha, but not IL-6 or IL-10, led to upregulated USP18 expression and induced an IFN-alpha refractory state, which was reversed by USP18 knockdown."
IFNs affects USP18
| 5
IFNs activates USP18. 5 / 5
| 5

reach
"Although CXCL10, STAT1, PSMB8 and USP18 (Figure 6A, grey) were induced by all IFNs, pathway analysis revealed uniquely regulated genes, specifically by each member of the IFN family (Figure 6)."

reach
"USP18, a protein of 368 aa in length and an ISG15 isopeptidase, is a negative regulator of type I and III IFN-activated JAK/STAT signaling [142], and is rapidly upregulated by viral infection and IFNs."

reach
"However, SOCS1, SOCS3 and USP18 function as part of a negative feedback loop induced by IFNs to limit the extent and duration of type-I IFN responses."

reach
"USP18 is stimulated by IFNs, which form a negative feedback loop and act as isopeptidases for specific substrates with ISG15, a ubiquitin-like protein [41]."

reach
"It is notable that both USP18 (Supplementary Figures 3 and 4) and KRT2 were differentially expressed upon TNF stimulation in keratinocytes, and USP18 was also upregulated by IFNs."
IFNAR affects USP18
| 2 2
| 2 2

sparser
"What are the host determinants for ISG15’s species-specific effect on the IFNARUSP18 axis?"

reach
"In this case, STAT2 was able to bind USP18, but USP18 interaction with IFNAR was impaired, leading to prolonged type I IFN signaling (49)."

sparser
"In this case, STAT2 was able to bind USP18, but USP18 interaction with IFNAR was impaired, leading to prolonged type I IFN signaling ( xref )."

reach
"They further demonstrated that white matter microglia from mice with a different point mutation disrupting the interaction between USP18 and IFNAR showed prolonged STAT1 activation mirroring the interferon signaling findings in the USP18 KO mice [XREF_BIBR]."
HOXA5 affects USP18
| 3 2
HOXA5 activates USP18.
| 3
HOXA5 activates USP18. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"Furthermore, HOXA5 was a transcription factor of USP18 and activated the transcriptional activity of USP18 via binding to its promoter region."

reach
"Herein, our data identified that HOXA5 could transcriptionally activate USP18 by directly binding to its promoter region, supporting USP18 as a novel HOXA5‐target gene."

reach
"Overall, these results suggested that HOXA5 knockdown blocked cell malignancy and DDP resistance in DDP‐resistant ESCC cells by regulating USP18.3.7 Validation of HOXA5/USP18/IFI27 Regulatory Axis in HOXA5/USP18."
HOXA5 binds USP18.
| 2
| 2

sparser
"All these results indicated that HOXA5 is directly bound to the promoter of USP18 and activated USP18 transcription."

sparser
"HOXA5 Directly Bound the Promoter of USP18."
HIRI affects USP18
| 2 3
HIRI activates USP18.
| 2 1
HIRI activates USP18. 3 / 3
| 2 1

eidos
"As seen in Fig. 6B , HIRI led to a significant increase in LCMV viral titers in USP18 + / + mice , an effect that was not observed in USP18 - / - mice ."

reach
"As seen in XREF_FIG, HIRI led to a significant increase in LCMV viral titers in USP18 +/+ mice, an effect that was not observed in USP18 -/- mice."

eidos
"After determining that HIRI induces USP18 expression , we next wanted to examine the impact of HIRI on viral control ."
HIRI increases the amount of USP18.
| 2
HIRI increases the amount of USP18. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"After determining that HIRI induces USP18 expression, we next wanted to examine the impact of HIRI on viral control."

reach
"As seen in XREF_FIG, HIRI alone induced USP18 mRNA expression in whole livers by> 10-fold that of untreated animals."
CHUK affects USP18
2 | 1 1
2 | 1

No evidence text available

reach
"To test this prediction, we transfected 293T cells with USP18 together with IKKalpha, IKKbeta, or NEMO expression plasmids and co-immunoprecipitation and immunoblot analysis revealed that USP18 interacted with IKKalpha, IKKbeta, and NEMO (XREF_FIG)."

No evidence text available
| 1

sparser
"Furthermore, USP18 interacted with TAK1-TAB1 complex and IKKα/β-NEMO complex, respectively."
BECN1 affects USP18
1 | 4
1 | 4

reach
"Since the expression of USP18 affects both autophagy and EGFR degradation (see below), we focused our analysis on the interaction of USP18 and BECN1 which is involved in both autophagy and EGFR degradation."

reach
"Strikingly, we found that there is interaction of endogenous BECN1 and USP18 after treatment with type I IFN."

No evidence text available

reach
"USP18 specifically interacts with BECN1."

reach
"The binding of USP18 with BECN1 was significantly reduced upon deletion of its BH3 domain (BECN1BH3D) and completely eliminated after further deletion of the CC domain (BECN1BH3D, CCDD), suggesting that both the BH3 and the CC domain of BECN1 are important for the interaction with USP18."
5 |
17beta-estradiol increases the amount of USP18. 5 / 5
5 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
USP20 affects STING1
| 4
| 4

sparser
"We found that USP18 and USP20 both interact with STING in SCC9 cells."

sparser
"Immunoprecipitation revealed that both USP18 and USP20 interacted with the N-terminal region of the STING protein."

sparser
"Collectively, these results showed that USP18 and USP20 interact with STING and that a deficiency of either USP18 or USP20 affects the stability of STING in SCC9 cells."

sparser
"Our above results demonstrated that (1) USP18 and USP20 correlate with limited oHSV-1 T1012G virus yields in SCC9 cells; (2) USP18 and USP20 interact with STING and alter the levels of STING proteins in SCC9 cells; and (3) altered STING accumulation regulates viral replication in SCC9 and SCC25 cells, while we need to further examine whether the DUB activity of USP18 or USP20 is crucial for the regulation of STING stabilization and oHSV-1 T1012G virus replication."
USP18 affects process
| 2 2
USP18 inhibits process. 4 / 4
| 2 2

eidos
"ISG15 is an IFN-induced protein that extracellularly stimulates the production of type II IFN , and intracellularly it binds lysine residues of proteins ( ISGylation ) ; this process can be reversed by USP18 ."

sparser
"By comparing the behavior of IFNα2 mutants with different affinities for the two receptor subunits, the researchers concluded that IFNs do, in fact, recruit IFNAR1 into a ternary complex with IFNAR2, and that this process is inhibited by USP18. “Cells expressing USP18 lose the ability to bind IFNα2 because receptor dimerization isn’t as efficient,” Piehler says."
| PMC

sparser
"As in the ligand-binding assays, dimerization efficiency depended on the ligand’s affinity for IFNAR1, and the process was inhibited by USP18."
| PMC

eidos
"This process allows ISG15 to bind covalently to a range of target proteins , both viral and cellular [ 58 ] , by a process that is reversible due to the action of the ubiquitin-specific protease 18 ( USP18 ) , an event regulated by type I IFN [ 59 ] ."
USP18 affects isopeptidase
| 4
USP18 activates isopeptidase.
| 3
USP18 activates isopeptidase. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"USP18 can increase HBV susceptibility by removing isopeptidase activity of ISG15 and promoting HBV replication by downregulating the I-IFN signal transduction pathway."

reach
"This was accompanied by increased levels of ISGylation, suggesting a possible involvement of USP18 mediated isopeptidase activity in this process [21]."

reach
"This isopeptidase independent activity is mediated by the binding of USP18 to the intracellular domain of IFNAR2, which prevents the binding of JAK1."
USP18 inhibits isopeptidase.
| 1
Mutated USP18 inhibits isopeptidase. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"In the mouse, a mutation of the USP18 protein within the Cys box at position 61 completely abolishes the isopeptidase activity of the protein by replacing the active site of cysteine C61 with codon specific for alanine C61A."
USP18 affects activity
| 1 3
USP18 inhibits activity. 4 / 4
| 1 3

reach
"For example, the expression of USP18, which is an inhibitor of antiviral activity of IFN- λ, was elevated in liver biopsies of HCV patients who carried the ΔG allele and were thus capable of producing IFN- λ4 (28)."

sparser
"In this screening, USP18 and USP21 significantly inhibited RIG-I-CARD–induced IFN-β reporter activity, whereas other USPs had no effect or fewer effects ( xref )."

sparser
"This findings suggest that USP18 inhibits I-IFN-mediated hepatocyte antiviral activity and may be involved in the immune tolerance of chronic hepatitis virus infection."

sparser
"In vitro experiments demonstrated that USP18 inhibited BV2 microglial activity and reduced the mRNA and protein levels of NF-κB, JAK1, p-JAK1, STAT1, and p-STAT1 in BV2 microglial cells."
USP18 affects TNFSF10
| 3 1
USP18 activates TNFSF10. 4 / 4
| 3 1

sparser
"Treating Usp18 -deficient hematopoietic cells with Poly I:C decreases the number of white blood cells since apoptosis is not prevented by USP18. xref Moreover, knocking down USP18 markedly enhances the NF- κ B signaling induced by various TLR ligands. xref A study using an oncogenic cell line (E1A cells) found that USP18 activates the extrinsic TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) pathway after IFN- α challenge. xref In human promonocytic THP-1 cells, the expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF- α , interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-1 β is significantly higher when USP18 is silenced with siRNA. xref Interestingly, in contrast to E1A cells, Usp18 -deficient murine bone marrow cells and THP-1 cells that have been treated with IFN α / β do not experience apoptosis after treatment with TRAIL or FASL. xref However, IFN- α / β still triggers apoptosis in these cells through the mitochondrial pathway and the reactive oxygen species pathway, xref a finding indicating that USP18 influences cell survival in various pathways depending on the cell type."

reach
"Indeed, it has been shown that ablating USP18, the enzyme that deconjugates ISG15 from target proteins, increased TRAIL production and promoted the extrinsic apoptosis pathway in cells treated with IF[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"23 A study using an oncogenic cell line (E1A cells) found that USP18 activates the extrinsic TNF related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) pathway after IFN-alpha challenge."

reach
"Downregulation of USP18 was initially reported to enhance apoptosis induced by IFN-α or TRAIL in different cell lines, activating the extrinsic apoptosis pathway and the associated upregulation of TRAIL (71)."
USP18 affects MX1
| 3 1
USP18 binds MX1.
| 1 1
| 1 1

reach
"Moreover, there was an interaction between USP18, LY6E, and MX1 in the PPI network."

sparser
"Moreover, there was an interaction between USP18, LY6E, and MX1 in the PPI network."
USP18 activates MX1.
| 2
USP18 activates MX1. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"Interferon genes including Interferon (IFN)-induced protein 44-like ( IFI44L ), Interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1 ( IFIT1 ), Interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"Similarly, USP18 knock-down promoted higher expression of IFN-responding genes, including MX1, IFNK, OASL, and IRF7."
USP18 affects Leukemia
| 4
| 4

reach
"We next examined whether targeting Usp18 can suppress established leukemia, which better represents how a therapy would be applied in a clinical setting."

reach
"Since AML levels (GFP) were restored by Plk2 inhibition and the LSC-like population was most reduced by Usp18 depletion in leukemic mice, we hypothesize that Plk2-mediated pyroptosis contributes to LSC reduction in Usp18-depleted leukemia."

reach
"Finally, to test whether atypical ISG expression can be regulated by similar epigenetic machinery in Usp18 depleted murine leukemia cells in vivo as in the human cell line context, we also performed paired ATAC and RNA-seq using Usp18 and Usp18 murine leukemia cells."

reach
"Importantly, we also validated the biological effect of Plk2 in WT and Usp18-depleted leukemia cells in vivo."
USP18 affects IRF9
| 1 3
| 1 3

reach
"Additionally, USP18 cannot bind IRF9 without STAT2 (Supplementary Fig. 6c)."

sparser
"Nuclear USP18 is associated with ISGF3 transcription factor that bind to ISRE elements [ xref , xref ]."

sparser
"The coupled ISGF3-USP18 feedback system revealed in this study may function together with all the other mechanisms to maintain homeostasis in the responses to varying IFN signals."

sparser
"Additionally, USP18 cannot bind IRF9 without STAT2 (Supplementary Fig.  xref )."
USP18 affects IFNLR1
| 1 3
| 1 3

sparser
"However, the performed co-immunoprecipitation experiments did not suggest direct interaction of USP18 with IL-28R1 (Supporting Information xref )."

reach
"Indeed, preliminary data from our laboratory show that USP18 can bind to type III IFN receptor IL-28RA, and has no inhibitory effect on type III IFN signaling in U6A cells (Arimoto et al. unpublished data)."

sparser
"Indeed, preliminary data from our laboratory show that USP18 can bind to type III IFN receptor IL-28RA, and has no inhibitory effect on type III IFN signaling in U6A cells (Arimoto et al. unpublished data)."

sparser
"Since we have shown that binding of Usp18 to type I IFN receptor subunit 2 (Ifnar2) is important for Usp18 mediated downregulation of type I IFN signalling (Malakhova et al, xref ), we investigated a potential interaction of Usp18 with the IFN-λ specific receptor subunit IL-28R1."
USP18 affects IFNB1
| 4
USP18 inhibits IFNB1.
| 2
USP18 inhibits IFNB1. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"6 In turn, USP18 inhibits IFN-beta signaling."

reach
"In this screening, USP18 and USP21 significantly inhibited RIG-I-CARD-induced IFN-beta reporter activity, whereas other USPs had no effect or fewer effects (XREF_FIG)."
USP18 activates IFNB1.
| 2
USP18 activates IFNB1. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"In this study, overexpression of USP18 further raised the levels of inflammatory factors, and promoted the synthesis and secretion of IFN-β and chemokine CXCL10 in IAV-infected A549 cells."

reach
"What’s more, overexpression of USP18 further enhanced the synthesis and secretion of IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-β and CXCL10 after PR8 infection ( Fig. 2 A and B), while inhibition of USP18 had an opposite effe[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
USP18 affects Hypertrophy
| 4
| 4

reach
"Experiments performed in transgenic mice demonstrated that the increased USP18 expression in cardiomyocytes upon an increased afterload attenuated the cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis, resulting in the delayed development of heart failure."

reach
"In brief, the authors observed that cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of USP18 attenuated myocardial hypertrophy, fibrosis, ventricular dilatation, and ejection fraction decline induced by aortic banding, whereas USP18 knockout exacerbated remodeling (59)."

reach
"USP18 plays a well-described protective role in the development of heart failure but its role in kidney injury remains unrecognized.Both in murine experimental models and in humans, USP18 inhibits myocardial hypertrophy via the TAK1-p38-JNK1/2 axis upon an increased afterload [4]."

reach
"(p72) , (p73) Ubiquitin-specific protease 18 (USP18) attenuated cardiac hypertrophy by specifically removing the K63-linked polyubiquitination of TAK1, leading to the inactivation of the TAK1-p38/JNK1[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
USP18 affects HYCC1
| 4
USP18 activates HYCC1. 4 / 4
| 4

reach
"Additionally, knockdown of USP18 inhibited the proliferation of HCC cells and induced G1 cell cycle arrest and early apoptosis."

reach
"USP18 promoted HCC cell proliferation by inhibiting apoptosis."

reach
"Nevertheless, whether USP18 affects the apoptosis of HCC cells and the underlying mechanism for such an effect were previously unknown.In this study, we found that USP18 promoted the growth of HCC cell lines and suppressed apoptosis."

reach
"These results suggest that USP18 can promote the continuous proliferation of HCC cells by affecting apoptosis."
USP18 affects FOXO3
| 2 2
| 2 2

reach
"Additionally, given the potential regulatory interactions between FOXO3a and USP18, combination therapies targeting both molecules simultaneously might offer synergistic benefits."

reach
"Conclusion Deciphering the complex molecular interactions between FOXO3a and USP18 in fibroblasts provides a deeper understanding of IPF pathogenesis and unveils novel therapeutic avenues, offering a promising potential for not just halting but potentially reversing the progression of this debilitating disease."

sparser
"Conclusion  Deciphering the complex molecular interactions between FOXO3a and USP18 in fibroblasts provides a deeper understanding of IPF pathogenesis and unveils novel therapeutic avenues, offering a promising potential for not just halting but potentially reversing the progression of this debilitating disease."

sparser
"Additionally, given the potential regulatory interactions between FOXO3a and USP18, combination therapies targeting both molecules simultaneously might offer synergistic benefits."
STING1 affects USP20
| 4
| 4

sparser
"We found that USP18 and USP20 both interact with STING in SCC9 cells."

sparser
"Immunoprecipitation revealed that both USP18 and USP20 interacted with the N-terminal region of the STING protein."

sparser
"Collectively, these results showed that USP18 and USP20 interact with STING and that a deficiency of either USP18 or USP20 affects the stability of STING in SCC9 cells."

sparser
"Our above results demonstrated that (1) USP18 and USP20 correlate with limited oHSV-1 T1012G virus yields in SCC9 cells; (2) USP18 and USP20 interact with STING and alter the levels of STING proteins in SCC9 cells; and (3) altered STING accumulation regulates viral replication in SCC9 and SCC25 cells, while we need to further examine whether the DUB activity of USP18 or USP20 is crucial for the regulation of STING stabilization and oHSV-1 T1012G virus replication."
Protease affects USP18
| 1 3
| 1 3

sparser
"Thus, boosting ISG15 modification by protease inhibition of USP18 might represent a new strategy to interfere with viral replication."

reach
"Thus, boosting ISG15 modification by protease inhibition of USP18 might represent a new strategy to interfere with viral replication."

sparser
"Intriguingly, enhanced ISGylation in these mice mediated increased resistance against influenza and vaccinia virus infections and diminished myocarditis upon cocksackie virus B3 infection, thus qualifying USP18 protease inhibition as a potential antiviral strategy xref , xref ."

sparser
"This mouse model shows enhanced ISGylation levels because of the USP18 protease inactivation whereas they do not show apparent phenotypic alterations (Ketscher et al., xref )."
JAK1 affects USP18
| 2 2
| 2 2

reach
"Interestingly, USP18 specifically binds to the second chain of the type I IFN receptor subunit IFN α/β receptor 2 (IFNAR2) and competes with Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) for binding to IFNAR2, which impairs the association of JAK with the IFN receptor and attenuates IFN signaling ."

reach
"Based on mutational studies it was suggested that USP18 binds to the intracellular region of type I IFN receptor subunit IFNAR2 and outcompetes the downstream kinase JAK1 thereby abrogating IFN signaling XREF_BIBR."

sparser
"Binding of UBP43 to IFNAR2 in vivo displaced JAK1 from IFNAR2 and led to the inhibition of the downstream phosphorylation cascade and other signaling events xref ."

sparser
"The molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood, but ISG15 seems to stabilize binding of USP18 to JAK1 which inhibits activation of STATs."
IRF9 affects USP18
| 1 3
| 1 3

reach
"Additionally, USP18 cannot bind IRF9 without STAT2 (Supplementary Fig. 6c)."

sparser
"Nuclear USP18 is associated with ISGF3 transcription factor that bind to ISRE elements [ xref , xref ]."

sparser
"The coupled ISGF3-USP18 feedback system revealed in this study may function together with all the other mechanisms to maintain homeostasis in the responses to varying IFN signals."

sparser
"Additionally, USP18 cannot bind IRF9 without STAT2 (Supplementary Fig.  xref )."
IFNLR1 affects USP18
| 1 3
| 1 3

sparser
"However, the performed co-immunoprecipitation experiments did not suggest direct interaction of USP18 with IL-28R1 (Supporting Information xref )."

reach
"Indeed, preliminary data from our laboratory show that USP18 can bind to type III IFN receptor IL-28RA, and has no inhibitory effect on type III IFN signaling in U6A cells (Arimoto et al. unpublished data)."

sparser
"Indeed, preliminary data from our laboratory show that USP18 can bind to type III IFN receptor IL-28RA, and has no inhibitory effect on type III IFN signaling in U6A cells (Arimoto et al. unpublished data)."

sparser
"Since we have shown that binding of Usp18 to type I IFN receptor subunit 2 (Ifnar2) is important for Usp18 mediated downregulation of type I IFN signalling (Malakhova et al, xref ), we investigated a potential interaction of Usp18 with the IFN-λ specific receptor subunit IL-28R1."
FTO affects USP18
| 1 3
| 1 3

sparser
"These data implied an interaction between USP18 and FTO at protein but not mRNA level."

sparser
"Conforming to its deubiquitinase property, the physical interaction of USP18 with FTO led to a lesser extent of ubiquitination in FTO than that was appeared upon silencing of USP18 ( xref )."

reach
"These data implied an interaction between USP18 and FTO at protein but not mRNA level."

sparser
"HDOCK server [ xref ]-based protein-protein interaction analysis indicated that USP18 directly binds to FTO protein domain ranging from 190 to 220 amino acid, where the 3 putative ubiquitination sites are located ( xref )."
FOXO3 affects USP18
| 2 2
| 2 2

reach
"Additionally, given the potential regulatory interactions between FOXO3a and USP18, combination therapies targeting both molecules simultaneously might offer synergistic benefits."

reach
"Conclusion Deciphering the complex molecular interactions between FOXO3a and USP18 in fibroblasts provides a deeper understanding of IPF pathogenesis and unveils novel therapeutic avenues, offering a promising potential for not just halting but potentially reversing the progression of this debilitating disease."

sparser
"Conclusion  Deciphering the complex molecular interactions between FOXO3a and USP18 in fibroblasts provides a deeper understanding of IPF pathogenesis and unveils novel therapeutic avenues, offering a promising potential for not just halting but potentially reversing the progression of this debilitating disease."

sparser
"Additionally, given the potential regulatory interactions between FOXO3a and USP18, combination therapies targeting both molecules simultaneously might offer synergistic benefits."
Type I IFNs affects USP18
| 3
Type I IFNs increases the amount of USP18. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"16 Both USP18 expression and conjugation of ISG15 are strongly induced by viral infections and type I IFNs, XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR suggesting that protein modifications by USP18 regulated ISG15 have a role in responses to viruses and type I IFN signaling."

reach
"In innate cells, it has been reported that type I IFNs or viral infection induces expression of Usp18."

reach
"USP18 gene expression has been found at low levels in multiple tissues and cell lines and could be rapidly up-regulated by type I IFNs."
Input affects USP18
| 3
Input activates USP18. 3 / 3
| 3

eidos
"In summary , our modeling results suggest that a prolonged input is required to initiate USP18 upregulation ."

eidos
"Once the input duration is prolonged enough to induce USP18 upregulation , the negative regulation by USP18 overrides the positive regulation by ISGF3 , resulting in desensitization ."

eidos
"Computational modeling suggests a delayed negative feedback loop through USP18 Based on our experimental results , we postulated that the opposite effects induced by short versus prolonged pretreatment inputs might be caused by different expression kinetics of ISGF3 components and USP18 : a short input is sufficient to trigger ISGF3 expression and thereby the priming effect , whereas a prolonged input is required to induce USP18 expression and hence desensitization ."
Inflammatory affects USP18
| 3
Inflammatory activates USP18. 3 / 3
| 3

eidos
"These data point out that USP18 can be induced by inflammatory stimuli in multiple cell types in the absence of IFN ."

eidos
"We sought to determine whether inflammatory stimuli could increase USP18 expression in hepatocytes ."

eidos
"For example , inflammatory stimuli , e.g ., endotoxin and lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) , have been shown to upregulate USP18 in peritoneal exudate macrophages ( 18 ) ."
Cystine affects USP18
| 3
Cystine increases the amount of USP18. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"Strikingly, complete cystine deprivation increased the levels of SLC7A11 and USP18, but decreased the levels of KCTD10 in a time-dependent manner (Fig. 5A)."

reach
"Specifically, cystine deprivation increases the levels of both SLC7A11 and USP18 but decreases KCTD10 levels, which is reversible by cystine addition."

reach
"Here we showed a dynamic regulation of the SLC7A11 stability by KCTD10 and USP18 in response to cystine levels in the culture, as evidenced by 1) cystine deprivation decreases the levels of KCTD10, but increases the levels of USP18, which is reversed/rescued by cystine resupply, and 2) cystine deprivations disrupts the SLC7A11–KCTD10 interaction to reduce SLC7A11 ubiquitylation, whereas increases the SLC7A11–USP18 interaction to enhance SLC7A11 deubiquitylation."
Cadmium dichloride increases the amount of USP18.
2 |
Cadmium dichloride increases the amount of USP18. 2 / 2
2 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
Cadmium dichloride decreases the amount of USP18.
1 |
Cadmium dichloride decreases the amount of USP18. 1 / 1
1 |

No evidence text available

reach
"However, the interaction with MAVS could not explain the observed effects of USP18 in this study, where USP18 deficiency enhanced the release of mtDNA to the cytosol and suppressed viral replication."

reach
"Taken together, USP18 may reduce cGAS degradation by deubiquitinating it thereby maintaining cGAS-STING pathway activation.Finally, we determined that cGAS-STING pathway is involved in USP18-mediated [MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"These data demonstrate that USP18 promotes viral replication, induces innate immunity and apoptosis via cGAS-STING pathway in IAV-infected lung epithelial cells.USP18 is a negative regulator of IFN an[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
USP18 affects transport
| 3
| 3

reach
"XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR A recent study found that USP18 can enhance the cellular transport rate in Xenopus laevis oocytes by increasing the activity of PEPT1 and PEPT2; this activation was believed to be due to the reversal of ubiquitination and the subsequent degradation of carrier protein."

reach
"Warsi, et al demonstrated that transport activity of rabbit peptide transporters Pept1 and Pept2 was decreased in Xenopus laevis oocytes injected with cRNA encoding the E3 ubiquitin ligase Nedd4-2, whereas overexpression of USP18 (Ubiquitin like specific protease 18), an enzyme cleaving ubiquitin from target proteins, stimulated the transport activity of rbPept1 and rbPept2 [XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"Accordingly, USP18 apparently enhances the maximal transport rate."

reach
"Deletion of USP18 promotes macrophage polarization toward anti-tumor phenotypes."

reach
"Taken together, single-cell RNA-seq analysis results revealed that USP18 deletion in myeloid cells enhances macrophage polarization toward anti-tumor/pro-inflammatory phenotypes, which likely contributes to the anti-tumor microenvironment."

reach
"We also observed that deletion of USP18 enhanced anti-tumor macrophage polarization in single-cell RNA-seq analysis (Figure 3G)."
USP18 affects interaction
| 1 2
USP18 inhibits interaction. 3 / 3
| 1 2

sparser
"UBP43 binds to IFNAR2 and inhibits the interaction between JAK1 and IFNAR2; this is independent of its isopeptidase activity."

sparser
"The isopeptidase activity of UBP43 responsible for deconjugation of ISG15ylated proteins, however, is not required for the inhibition of STAT1 phosphorylation, which appears to be mediated instead through direct inhibition by UBP43 of the interaction of JAK1 with the type I IFN receptor xref ."

eidos
"USP18 specifically interacts with the IFNAR2 subunit to inhibit the interaction between JAK and the IFN receptor ( 60 ) ."

reach
"Therefore, we assessed whether USP18 could modulate the EMT phenotype in ESCC cells."

reach
"Furthermore, our results shown that knockdown of USP18 suppressed the migration and invasion abilities of ESCC cells by promoting the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)."

reach
"USP18 could interact with Twist1, and increased the activity of EMT pathway, which promoted glioma growth [18]."
USP18 affects cleaved-caspase-3
| 3
USP18 decreases the amount of cleaved-caspase-3. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"In contrast, overexpression of USP18 could up-regulated the expression of Bcl-2 and down-regulated the expression of Bax, Cyto-C, and cleaved-caspase-3 in Huh7 and SMMC-7721 cells (Fig. 2d)."

reach
"Overexpression of USP18 inhibited the expressions of CHOP and cleaved-caspase-3."

reach
"TM promoted the expression of CHOP and cleaved-caspase-3, which was partly reversed by overexpression of USP18 (Fig. 3c)."
| 1 2

reach
"USP18 silencing enhanced basal inflammation and senescence."

eidos
"We show here , in addition , that USP18 was also able to prevent senescence , since its basal level was increased in USP18-silenced cells ."

reach
"USP18 reduced basal inflammation, senescence and insulin resistance in coronary endothelial cells."
USP18 affects breast cancer growth
| 3
USP18 activates breast cancer growth. 3 / 3
| 3

eidos
"For instance , USP18 was shown to promote breast cancer growth by activating the Skp2 / AKT pathway [ 79 ] ."
| PMC

eidos
"For instance , Tan et al. found that USP18 promotes breast cancer growth by upregulating EGFR and activating the AKT / Skp2 pathway [ 19 ] ."

eidos
"Tan et al. have demonstrated that USP18 promotes breast cancer growth by upregulating EGFR and activating the AKT / Skp2 pathway ."

reach
"In this study, overexpression of USP18 further raised the levels of inflammatory factors, and promoted the synthesis and secretion of IFN-β and chemokine CXCL10 in IAV-infected A549 cells."

reach
"However, according to research by Hong et al., increased USP18 expression in tumor cells would in turn inhibit carcinogenesis, whereas decreased USP18 promotes tumor growth and lowers immunosurveillance by decreasing the exogenous synthesis of IFN-γ and the survival of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in TME [178]."

reach
"What’s more, overexpression of USP18 further enhanced the synthesis and secretion of IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-β and CXCL10 after PR8 infection ( Fig. 2 A and B), while inhibition of USP18 had an opposite effe[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
USP18 affects UBL
| 3
UBL binds ISG15 and USP18. 3 / 3
| 3

sparser
"The crystal structure of mouse USP18 in complex with mouse ISG15 displayed extensive interaction between the ISG15 C-terminal Ubl domain and the palm and thumb domain of USP18 (Basters et al., xref )."

sparser
"Structural data demonstrated that only the ISG15 C-terminal but not the N-terminal UBL domain binds USP18."

sparser
"However, only the C-terminal Ubl domain of ISG15 interacts with USP18 whereas no interaction between the N-terminal Ubl domain and USP18 was detected and the presence of the N-terminal domain of ISG15 is dispensable for the deISGylation activity of USP18."
USP18 affects UBA7
| 2 1
USP18 activates UBA7.
| 2
USP18 activates UBA7. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"Subsequently, we also show that ISG15, but not USP18 and IL-6, induces UBA7, UBE2L6, and HERC5 genes via further downstream activation of STAT1."

reach
"These findings is consistent with previous studies in which all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) promotes the transcription of ISG15, USP18, and ISGylation activating enzyme UBE1L in RA sensitive but not resistant leukemia cells [XREF_BIBR]."
USP18 binds UBA7.
| 1

sparser
"Our results indicate that E3 ligases, UBA1 and USP18 are associated with HCC development and may possibly be considered as targets in the treatment of HCC."
USP18 affects TP53
| 3
USP18 activates TP53. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"In a positive feedback loop, the ISG15 conjugation system is also upregulated by p53 ISGylation to further potentiate p53 transactivity and downregulated by USP18 mediated deISGylation of p53."

reach
"USP18 downregulates p21 by accumulating misfolded dominant negative p53, which inactivates wild-type p53 transactivation, leading to the upregulation of key enzymes involved in de novo dNTP biosynthesis pathways and inactivated SAMHD1."

reach
"In functional studies, depletion of Usp18 could stimulate the p53 and caspase 3 protein levels."
USP18 affects TNF
| 2
USP18 activates TNF. 2 / 3
| 2

reach
"As these two signals have been thought to have counter-regulatory roles in psoriasis (39), lower USP18 might promote higher IFN response and thus lower TNF dependence, and vice versa, agreeing with the positive correlation with PASI improvement we observed during the course of etanercept treatment."

reach
"What’s more, overexpression of USP18 further enhanced the synthesis and secretion of IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-β and CXCL10 after PR8 infection ( Fig. 2 A and B), while inhibition of USP18 had an opposite effe[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
USP18 affects Protease
| 3
| 3

reach
"A similar role of RNAse L negative regulation of the IFN response has also been suggested by the report that a novel IFN-stimulated gene encoding a 43-kDa ubiquitin-specific protease, designated ISG43[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"A novel interferon stimulated gene encoding a 43-kDa ubiquitin specific protease, designated ISG43, was identified in this screen."

reach
"The IFN-stimulated gene ubiquitin-specific proteinase 18 (USP18) encodes a protein that negatively regulates T1 IFN signaling via stearic inhibition of JAK1 recruitment to the IFN-alpha receptor 2 subunit (IFNAR2)."
USP18 affects MTOR
| 3
USP18 activates MTOR. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"In malignant tumors, USP18 is elevated and activates AKT/mTOR signaling, promotes phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT) and p-mTOR protein expression, leading to cancer cell proliferation and migration (106)."

reach
"USP18 contributes to the proliferation and migration of ovarian cancer cells by regulating the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway."

reach
"In conclusion, USP18 promoted the proliferation and migration of ovarian cancer cells by activating AKT/mTOR signaling."
USP18 affects MIB2
| 2 1
| 2 1

sparser
"Immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that USP18 could interact with MIB2 (Fig. xref A and B and Fig. xref E)."

reach
"To investigate whether USP18 and MIB2 could directly promote the degradation of GSDMD-N, we examined whether the GSDMD I104N mutant altered the binding of USP18/MIB2 to GSDMD and whether its degradation was mediated by USP18/MIB2, ensuring the accuracy of subsequent experiments."

reach
"We observed that the interaction between GSDMD and USP18/MIB2 showed no difference in WT GSDMD and I104N GSDMD-transfected cells (Fig. S6D and E)."
USP18 affects ITGAX
| 3
USP18 activates ITGAX. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"Only virus infection, supported by the Usp18 driven enforced virus replication process in CD11c + APCs is efficient in breaking immunologic tolerance to pancreatic islet cells in our model."

reach
"In GM-CSF-supplemented culture, over-expression of Usp18 restored the development of CD11b + CD11c + cells in Usp18 deficient BM cells, but did not affect DC development in wild-type BM cells (XREF_FIG), which confirmed the notion that the development defect of BM-DCs is intrinsic to Usp18 deficient cells."

reach
"However, it should be noted that in this study, USP18 expression in tumor cells not only affected tumor cell activity, but also regulated immune cells in tumor microenvironment in that tumor cell USP18 expression also activated CD11c + dendritic cells residing in the tumor."
USP18 affects IL10
| 2
USP18 inhibits IL10. 2 / 3
| 2

reach
"Supporting this hypothesis, we show that USP-18, a target of IRF-7 and known negative regulator of the type I interferon response, decreases the production of immune-regulatory cytokines IL-27 and IL-10."

reach
"We show that IRF-7 siRNA knockdown enhanced LPS induced IL-10 production in human monocyte derived macrophages, and USP-18 overexpression attenuated LPS induced production of IL-10 in RAW264.7 cells."
USP18 affects IKK_complex
| 2 1
USP18 dephosphorylates IKK_complex.
| 2
USP18 leads to the dephosphorylation of IKK_complex. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"Conversely, knockdown of USP18 in THP-1 and THP-1-derived macrophages enhanced the phosphorylation of IKK, the degradation of IKBalpha and expression of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, TNF-alpha and IL-1beta in response to LPS treatment These results suggest that USP18 is a novel negative regulator of NF-kappaB signaling."

reach
"We also found that USP18 blocked IKK phosphorylation by inhibiting the ubiquitination of NEMO."
| 1

sparser
"Taken together, these results suggest that in addition to the TAK1-TAB1 complex, USP18 also interacts with the IKK complex upon LPS treatment in a NEMO-dependent manner."
USP18 affects IFN-lambda
| 2 1
USP18 inhibits IFN-lambda. 3 / 3
| 2 1

eidos
"For example , the ISG USP18 desensitizes cells to further IFN-alpha stimulation but does not inhibit IFN-lambda signaling ( Fran c ois-Newton et al ., 2011 ) ."

eidos
"The reason for this paradox is unknown , but IFN-lambda4 has been speculated to render HCV-infected hepatocytes refractory to IFN-alpha , for example by inducing the expression of USP18 , which inhibits IFN-alpha but not IFN-lambda signaling41 ."

reach
"The reason for this paradox is unknown, but IFN-lambda4 has been speculated to render HCV infected hepatocytes refractory to IFN-alpha, for example by inducing the expression of USP18, which inhibits IFN-alpha but not IFN-lambda signaling XREF_BIBR."
USP18 affects HOXA5
| 1 2
USP18 binds HOXA5.
| 2
| 2

sparser
"All these results indicated that HOXA5 is directly bound to the promoter of USP18 and activated USP18 transcription."

sparser
"HOXA5 Directly Bound the Promoter of USP18."
USP18 activates HOXA5.
| 1
USP18 activates HOXA5. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"As expected, USP18 upregulation could partly abolish the suppressive role of HOXA5 downregulation on IFI27 expression, further supporting the regulatory mechanism of HOXA5/USP18/IFI27 in ESCC.5 Conclusion."
USP18 affects GSDMD-N
| 3
USP18 inhibits GSDMD-N. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"These results suggest that it is feasible to investigate whether USP18/MIB2 can directly promote the degradation of GSDMD-N by employing the visually expressed I104N mutation."

reach
"Given the critical role of GSDMD-N in triggering pyroptosis and the location of K168 at the GSDMD-N, we sought to investigate whether USP18 and MIB2 could directly induce the degradation of GSDMD-N."

reach
"To investigate whether USP18 and MIB2 could directly promote the degradation of GSDMD-N, we examined whether the GSDMD I104N mutant altered the binding of USP18/MIB2 to GSDMD and whether its degradation was mediated by USP18/MIB2, ensuring the accuracy of subsequent experiments."
USP18 affects DGCR2
| 3
| 3

sparser
"Longer cancer-specific survival is associated with decreased expression of USP18 with or without the expression of the DGCR2 gene. xref "

sparser
"In conclusion, decreased expressions of USP18 and DGCR2 were significantly associated with longer cancer-specific survival, and also the combination of two genes was correlated to a longer survival for MIBC patients."

sparser
"In conclusion, decreased expressions of USP18 and DGCR2 were significantly associated with a longer rate of cancer-specific survival, and also the combination of these two genes was correlated with longer survival rates in MIBC."
USP18 affects DENV-2
| 3
USP18 activates DENV-2. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"USP18 overexpression promoted DENV-2 replication, while USP18 silence inhibited DENV-2 replication."

reach
"Ye et al. (2021) demonstrated that DENV-2 infection increased USP18 expression; USP18 overexpression enhanced DENV-2 replication, while USP18 silencing inhibited DENV-2 replication by activating the IFN-α-mediated JAK/STAT signaling pathway."

reach
"Overexpression of USP18 promoted DENV-2 replication, while its silencing abrogated the replication and increased the anti-DENV-2 specific IFN-α through the activation of the IFN-α-mediated Jak/STAT signaling pathway, as shown by the increased expression of p-STAT1/p-STAT2 and the elevated expression of some ISGs."
USP18 affects DDIT3
| 3
USP18 decreases the amount of DDIT3. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"Overexpression of USP18 inhibited the expressions of CHOP and cleaved-caspase-3."

reach
"USP18 attenuated the expression of CHOP, suggesting that USP18 has an effect on UPR signaling pathway."

reach
"TM promoted the expression of CHOP and cleaved-caspase-3, which was partly reversed by overexpression of USP18 (Fig. 3c)."
USP18 affects CD274
| 1 2
| 1 2

reach
"USP7, USP22, USP8, USP18, USP9X and USP5 have been demonstrated directly bind with PD-L1 to induce its deubiquitination and stabilization [60, 100–102, 143, 164, 186]."

sparser
"Additionally, the USP18-PD-L1 complex exhibited a binding free energy of −12.0 kcal/mol and a dissociation constant of 1.6×10 −09 M, further confirming the high stability of the complex."

sparser
"Moreover, an exhaustive analysis of amino acid residue contacts within both complexes was conducted, with particular attention to the number of contacts between charged polar residues and nonpolar residues, with the ISG15-PD-L1 and USP18-PD-L1 complexes having contact counts of 12 and 24 and 20 and 18, respectively."
USP18 affects CARD11
1 | 2
1 | 2

reach
"In overexpression and co-immunoprecipitation assays, USP18 interacted with TAB1 and CARMA1 but not with NEMO constitutively (XREF_FIG and not depicted)."

reach
"The results indicated that USP18 interacted with TAK1, TAB1, and TAB2 without stimulation and PMA and ion stimulation reduced but did not totally abolish their association, whereas USP18 interacted with CARMA1 weakly in unstimulated cells and PMA and ion stimulation first enhanced their interaction and then resulted in their disassociation (XREF_FIG)."

No evidence text available
UBL affects USP18
| 3
UBL binds ISG15 and USP18. 3 / 3
| 3

sparser
"The crystal structure of mouse USP18 in complex with mouse ISG15 displayed extensive interaction between the ISG15 C-terminal Ubl domain and the palm and thumb domain of USP18 (Basters et al., xref )."

sparser
"Structural data demonstrated that only the ISG15 C-terminal but not the N-terminal UBL domain binds USP18."

sparser
"However, only the C-terminal Ubl domain of ISG15 interacts with USP18 whereas no interaction between the N-terminal Ubl domain and USP18 was detected and the presence of the N-terminal domain of ISG15 is dispensable for the deISGylation activity of USP18."
MIB2 affects USP18
| 2 1
| 2 1

sparser
"Immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that USP18 could interact with MIB2 (Fig. xref A and B and Fig. xref E)."

reach
"To investigate whether USP18 and MIB2 could directly promote the degradation of GSDMD-N, we examined whether the GSDMD I104N mutant altered the binding of USP18/MIB2 to GSDMD and whether its degradation was mediated by USP18/MIB2, ensuring the accuracy of subsequent experiments."

reach
"We observed that the interaction between GSDMD and USP18/MIB2 showed no difference in WT GSDMD and I104N GSDMD-transfected cells (Fig. S6D and E)."
ISG15 affects UBL, and USP18
| 3
UBL binds ISG15 and USP18. 3 / 3
| 3

sparser
"The crystal structure of mouse USP18 in complex with mouse ISG15 displayed extensive interaction between the ISG15 C-terminal Ubl domain and the palm and thumb domain of USP18 (Basters et al., xref )."

sparser
"Structural data demonstrated that only the ISG15 C-terminal but not the N-terminal UBL domain binds USP18."

sparser
"However, only the C-terminal Ubl domain of ISG15 interacts with USP18 whereas no interaction between the N-terminal Ubl domain and USP18 was detected and the presence of the N-terminal domain of ISG15 is dispensable for the deISGylation activity of USP18."
IFNT affects USP18
| 3
IFNT increases the amount of USP18. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"However, whether USP18 functions by regulating the ISGylation modification process of STAT1 requires subsequent studies.In conclusion, USP18 is expressed in goat uterine tissue during early pregnancy [MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"Treatment of gEECs with steroid hormones and IFNT revealed that USP18 expression was significantly induced by IFNT."

reach
"USP18 is strongly expressed in the endometrium on day 18 of pregnancy, is significantly upregulated by IFNT in maternal peripheral blood leukocytes, and has been identified as a marker for early pregn[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
IFN receptor affects USP18
| 3
USP18 binds IFN receptor. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"Since we have shown that binding of Usp18 to type I IFN receptor subunit 2 (Ifnar2) is important for Usp18 mediated downregulation of type I IFN signalling, we investigated a potential interaction of Usp18 with the IFN-lambda specific receptor subunit IL-28R1."

reach
"To exert its function as a negative regulator, USP18 binds to the IFN receptor and JAK complex and attenuates the magnitude of the response."

reach
"For instance, STAT2-dependent USP18 recruitment to the type I IFN receptor subunit IFNAR2 is required for USP18-mediated receptor dimerization interference [21, 23, 24]."
DGCR2 affects USP18
| 3
| 3

sparser
"Longer cancer-specific survival is associated with decreased expression of USP18 with or without the expression of the DGCR2 gene. xref "

sparser
"In conclusion, decreased expressions of USP18 and DGCR2 were significantly associated with longer cancer-specific survival, and also the combination of two genes was correlated to a longer survival for MIBC patients."

sparser
"In conclusion, decreased expressions of USP18 and DGCR2 were significantly associated with a longer rate of cancer-specific survival, and also the combination of these two genes was correlated with longer survival rates in MIBC."
CD274 affects USP18
| 1 2
| 1 2

reach
"USP7, USP22, USP8, USP18, USP9X and USP5 have been demonstrated directly bind with PD-L1 to induce its deubiquitination and stabilization [60, 100–102, 143, 164, 186]."

sparser
"Additionally, the USP18-PD-L1 complex exhibited a binding free energy of −12.0 kcal/mol and a dissociation constant of 1.6×10 −09 M, further confirming the high stability of the complex."

sparser
"Moreover, an exhaustive analysis of amino acid residue contacts within both complexes was conducted, with particular attention to the number of contacts between charged polar residues and nonpolar residues, with the ISG15-PD-L1 and USP18-PD-L1 complexes having contact counts of 12 and 24 and 20 and 18, respectively."
CARD11 affects USP18
1 | 2
1 | 2

reach
"In overexpression and co-immunoprecipitation assays, USP18 interacted with TAB1 and CARMA1 but not with NEMO constitutively (XREF_FIG and not depicted)."

reach
"The results indicated that USP18 interacted with TAK1, TAB1, and TAB2 without stimulation and PMA and ion stimulation reduced but did not totally abolish their association, whereas USP18 interacted with CARMA1 weakly in unstimulated cells and PMA and ion stimulation first enhanced their interaction and then resulted in their disassociation (XREF_FIG)."

No evidence text available
2 |
Valproic acid increases the amount of USP18. 2 / 2
2 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
2 |
Trichloroethene increases the amount of USP18. 2 / 2
2 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
Toluene affects USP18
2 |
Toluene increases the amount of USP18. 2 / 2
2 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
2 |
Titanium dioxide increases the amount of USP18. 2 / 2
2 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
Plasmid transfection affects USP18
| 2
Plasmid transfection inhibits USP18. 2 / 2
| 2

eidos
"The level of USP18 was up-regulated by plasmid transfection and down-regulated by siRNA transfection in Hela cells ."

eidos
"USP18 expression levels were up-regulated by plasmid transfection or inhibited by specific small interference RNA ( siRNA ) , and the effect of USP18 on the replication of DENV-2 was examined in the presence or absence of IFN-alpha both at mRNA and protein level ."
2 |
Pentachlorophenol increases the amount of USP18. 2 / 2
2 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
MiR-191-5p affects USP18
| 2
MiR-191-5p activates USP18. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"Altogether these data demonstrate that the USP18 3 ' UTR sequence can be directly targeted by miR-191-5p, miR-24-3p, miR-423-5p, and miR-532-3p, with an effect on USP18 abundance."

reach
"Thus, the targeting of USP18 by miR-191-5p, miR-24-3p, and miR-532-3p, and possibly miR-423-5p, may assist the priming of monocytes toward a robust inflammatory and immune response."
Leupeptin affects USP18
| 2
| 2

reach
"Leupeptin, an autophagy inhibitor, effectively abrogated the effect of USP18 on p62 and LC3-Ⅱ/Ⅰ."

reach
"Besides, leupeptin could also abrogate USP18-dependent decline of paclitaxol sensitivity in MDA-MB-231 cells ( Fig. 3 C)."
Interferon receptor affects USP18
| 2
USP18 binds interferon receptor. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"Interestingly, USP18 in humans (but not in mice) can also interfere with the anti-viral outcome of IFN signaling by an additional mechanism: USP18 can bind the interferon receptor 2 (IFNAR2), block the association of JAK, and possibly limit IFNAR2-IFNAR1 dimerization, thereby interfering with the JAK-STAT signaling pathway [89]."

reach
"Usp18 can directly activate the JAK/STAT signaling pathway to promote IFN responses [42] or may bind to interferon receptor 2 (IFNAR2) and inhibit the JAK/STAT [43]."
Icd affects USP18
| 2
Icd activates USP18. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"Thus, ICD induced by targeting Usp18 occurs in certain solid cancers (186)."

reach
"Thus, ICD induced by targeting Usp18 occurs not only in hematological malignancies but also certain solid cancers."
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate increases the amount of USP18. 2 / 2
2 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
2 |
Benzo[a]pyrene increases the amount of USP18. 2 / 2
2 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
Androgen affects USP18
| 2
Androgen increases the amount of USP18. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"Androgen signaling stimulates androgen receptors to increase USP18 expression."

reach
"Androgen-activated androgen receptors upregulate USP18 expression, which suppresses TAK1 phosphorylation and subsequent NF-κB activation in antitumor T cells."
| 1
| 1

reach
"When HCV-infected RLW cells were treated with AGS, acetaldehyde induced USP18 at both transcriptional (mRNA) and protein levels."
VDAC2 affects USP18
| 1 1
| 1 1

reach
"Further investigations showed that miR-4769-3p bound to 3'UTR of ubiquitin-specific protease-18 (USP18), inhibiting its expression, while USP18 interacted with voltage-dependent anion channel-2 (VDAC2), both of which were reduced in SSc."

sparser
"Subsequently, the interaction between USP18 and VDAC2 was validated by co-immunoprecipitation (coIP) assay ( xref D)."
Ubiquitin affects USP18
| 2

sparser
"In contrast, no binding of USP18 to the respective Ub probe xref was observed ( xref )."

sparser
"Our results clearly show that USP18 exhibits no reactivity towards ubiquitin in vitro indicating/demonstrating that the described inhibition of the NF-κB pathway by USP18 is rather an indirect effect and not mediated by direct interaction between USP18 and ubiquitin."
UVRAG affects USP18
2 |
2 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
| 1 1
USP18 translocates to the plasma membrane. 2 / 2
| 1 1

sparser
"Although the precise molecular mechanisms underlying the non-catalytic function of USP18 remain incompletely understood, data suggest that there is a direct interaction between USP18 and STAT2, which is crucial for recruiting USP18 to the plasma membrane, where it competes with janus kinase 1 (JAK1) for binding to IFNAR2."

reach
"Although the precise molecular mechanisms underlying the non-catalytic function of USP18 remain incompletely understood, data suggest that there is a direct interaction between USP18 and STAT2, which is crucial for recruiting USP18 to the plasma membrane, where it competes with janus kinase 1 (JAK1) for binding to IFNAR2."
USP18 affects vemurafenib
| 2
| 2

reach
"In vemurafenib-resistant BRAF V600E mutant melanoma cells, USP18 expression is significantly elevated, leading to higher cGAS protein levels."

reach
"These results suggest that USP18 can promote the resistance to vemurafenib in BRAF V600E mutant melanoma cells in nude mice by stabilizing cGAS expression.To investigate the effect of the USP18/cGAS a[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
USP18 affects translation
| 1 1
| 1 1

reach
"This suggests that depletion of Usp18 inhibited EGFR mRNA translation."

sparser
"This suggests that depletion of Usp18 inhibited EGFR mRNA translation."
USP18 affects transforming growth factor-beta-activated kinase TAK1
| 2
USP18 activates transforming growth factor-beta-activated kinase TAK1. 2 / 2
| 2

eidos
"Ubiquitin specific peptidase 18 ( USP18 ) , a deubiquitinating enzyme , has been shown to modulate transforming growth factor-beta-activated kinase 1 ( TAK1 ) activity ."

eidos
"Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 18 ( USP18 ) , a deubiquitinating enzyme , has been shown to modulate transforming growth factor-beta-activated kinase 1 ( TAK1 ) activity ."
USP18 affects responses
| 1 1
USP18 inhibits responses. 2 / 2
| 1 1

sparser
"Inhibition of IFN responses by USP18 is independent of cleavage of ISG15; instead, USP18 binds to IFNAR2 and prevents its association with Jak1 ( xref , xref )."

eidos
"Type 1 IFN responses were partially restored by USP18 knockdown ."

reach
"USP18-mediated protein stabilization of NOTCH1 is associated with altered Th17/Treg cell ratios and B cell-mediated autoantibody secretion in Sjögren syndrome."

reach
"In summary, this study demonstrates that USP18-mediated protein stabilization of NOTCH1 is correlated with Th17/Treg cell imbalance and B cell activity during SS development."
USP18 affects phosphorylation
| 2
USP18 inhibits phosphorylation. 2 / 2
| 2

sparser
"In line with this result, expression of aa 36-372, but not aa 51-372, of USP18 inhibited STAT1 phosphorylation upon IFNα treatment ( xref )."

sparser
"Thus, USP18 and TRIM30α both inhibit RCAN1 phosphorylation and thereby inhibit NFAT activation."

reach
"Furthermore, the overexpression of USP18 rescued the hypoxia-induced increase in osteoclast differentiation."

reach
"Hypoxia Promotes Osteoclast Differentiation by Weakening USP18-Mediated Suppression on the NF-κB Signaling Pathway."

reach
"To substantiate the observation that USP18 KD causes muscle cell differentiation regardless of starvation, we assessed USP18’s effect on differentiation in muscle progenitor cells."

reach
"USP18-mediated muscle cell differentiation is independent of deISGylation and IFN-1."
USP18 affects migration ovarian cancer cells
| 2
USP18 activates migration ovarian cancer cells. 2 / 2
| 2

eidos
"USP18 contributes to the proliferation and migration of ovarian cancer cells by regulating the AKT / mTOR signaling pathway ."

eidos
"In conclusion , USP18 promoted the proliferation and migration of ovarian cancer cells by activating AKT / mTOR signaling ."
| 2

reach
"For instance, USP18 induces SOD and catalase to reduce malondialdehyde in pulmonary endothelial cells [46]."

reach
"Silencing USP18 resulted in the upregulation of MDA (Fig. 2F), the reduction of GSH (Fig. 2G) and the increase of Fe level (Fig. 2H)."

eidos
"This study reports the previously unrecognized finding that increased USP18 activity promotes lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation by stabilizing both adipose triglyceride lipase ( ATGL ) and Uncoupling Protein 1 ( UCP1 ) ."

eidos
"The net consequence of this is that elevated levels of USP18 promoted lipolysis and increased fatty acid oxidation that augmented lung cancer growth ."
USP18 affects icd
| 2
USP18 inhibits icd. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"Next, we checked whether Usp18 depletion could reasonably promote ICD."

reach
"Importantly, our scRNA-seq data revealed that LSC-like cells expressed genes related to inflammasome activation/pyroptosis, supporting the possibility that ICD induced by Usp18 depletion promotes the elimination of cancer stem cells."

reach
"As earlier reported, USP18 can enhance the growth of lung cancer by affecting fatty acid metabolism [35] ."

reach
"The study of Liu et al. indicated that USP18 could enhance fatty acid metabolism of lung cancer cells via augmentation of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression which further promote cell proliferation [36]."

reach
"USP18 induction by HIV-1 tunes the IFN response to optimal levels allowing for efficient transcription from the HIV-1 LTR promoter while minimizing the T1 IFN-induced antiviral response that would otherwise restrict viral replication and spread."

reach
"By providing exogenous IFN‐β, we were able to demonstrate that lack of USP18 makes cells more sensitive to the effects of IFN.The strategy used by HIV‐1 for transcription from its LTR promoter utilizes transcription factors such as NFκB, NFAT, and IRFs,73, 74 that would normally be present in a cell that has detected a viral infection and has initiated an antiviral response."
USP18 affects cystine
| 2
USP18 activates cystine. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"We first confirmed that USP18 knockdown indeed reduced cystine uptake (SI Appendix, Fig. S7 H and I)."

reach
"We propose that during breast carcinogenesis, decreased KCTD10 and increased USP18 would cause SLC7A11 accumulation to increase cystine uptake and consumption for the maintenance of rapid metabolism."
| 2
USP18 inhibits cell migration.
| 1

reach
"Furthermore, cell apoptosis was promoted by USP18 silencing, and interference of USP18 suppressed cell migration and invasion."
USP18 activates cell migration.
| 1

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"Deubiquitinase USP18 mediates cell migration, apoptosis and ferroptosis in lung adenocarcinoma by depending on POU4F1/PRKAA2 axis."
USP18 affects cGAS-STING
| 2
USP18 activates cGAS-STING. 2 / 2
| 2

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"This indicates that over-expressing USP18 further enhanced IAV-induced activation of cGAS-STING pathway, while interfering with USP18 suppressed this pathway activation."

reach
"IAV may activate the cGAS-STING pathway via USP18.In order to further explore the specific mechanism by which USP18 promotes cGAS-STING pathway activation."

reach
"Mitophagy, which is beneficial in ischemic stroke, was also triggered by USP18/FTO via the SIRT6/AMPK/PGC-1α/AKT pathway in recent studies (Song et al., 2024)."

reach
"USP18 Stabilized FTO Protein to Activate Mitophagy in Ischemic Stroke Through Repressing m6A Modification of SIRT6."
USP18 affects VDAC2
| 1 1
| 1 1

reach
"Further investigations showed that miR-4769-3p bound to 3'UTR of ubiquitin-specific protease-18 (USP18), inhibiting its expression, while USP18 interacted with voltage-dependent anion channel-2 (VDAC2), both of which were reduced in SSc."

sparser
"Subsequently, the interaction between USP18 and VDAC2 was validated by co-immunoprecipitation (coIP) assay ( xref D)."
USP18 affects UVRAG
2 |
2 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
USP18 affects USP25
| 2
USP18 activates USP25. 2 / 2
| 2

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"In addition, USP18-mediated deISGylation in vitro is approximately 40-fold faster than deISGylation by the cross-reactive deubiquitinating enzymes (DUB) USP21 [15] raising the question whether deISGylation by Ub/ISG15 cross-reactive DUBs is relevant in vivo.Despite enhanced ISGylation, mice homozygous for USP18-C61A (USP18 ) are healthy and display a normal lifespan [27]."

reach
"Moreover, USP17 is a positive regulator of RORgammat in Th17 cells, whereas USP18 has been reported to modulate T cell activation and Th17 cell differentiation by deubiquitinating of the TAK1 and TAB1 complex [XREF_BIBR] and USP25 has been regarded as a negative regulator of IL-17-mediated inflammation via TRAF5 and TRAF6 deubiquitination [XREF_BIBR]."
USP18 affects TIMM8A
| 2
USP18 activates TIMM8A. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"Beyond that, elevated USP18 could promote colorectal cancer cell survival after treatment with DDP [31]."

reach
"As expected, following CHX (a chemical that inhibits protein synthesis) exposure, USP18 upregulation could prolong IFI27 protein half‐life in TE1/DDP and KYSE450/DDP cells (Figure 3G)."
USP18 affects TCR
| 1
USP18 inhibits TCR. 1 / 2
| 1

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"Taken together, USP18 downregulates IL-2 synthesis and TCR induced T cell proliferation [XREF_BIBR]."
USP18 affects TAK1-TAB1
| 1
USP18 inhibits TAK1-TAB1. 1 / 2
| 1

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"Co-expression of USP18 but not USP18 (C61S) potently abolished the polyubiquitination modification of TAK1-TAB1 (XREF_FIG)."
USP18 affects TAB2
1 | 1
1 | 1

No evidence text available

reach
"The results indicated that USP18 interacted with TAK1, TAB1, and TAB2 without stimulation and PMA and ion stimulation reduced but did not totally abolish their association, whereas USP18 interacted with CARMA1 weakly in unstimulated cells and PMA and ion stimulation first enhanced their interaction and then resulted in their disassociation (XREF_FIG)."
USP18 affects SLC15A2
| 1
USP18 activates SLC15A2. 1 / 2
| 1

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"XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR A recent study found that USP18 can enhance the cellular transport rate in Xenopus laevis oocytes by increasing the activity of PEPT1 and PEPT2; this activation was believed to be due to the reversal of ubiquitination and the subsequent degradation of carrier protein."
USP18 affects SLC15A1
| 1
USP18 activates SLC15A1. 1 / 2
| 1

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"XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR A recent study found that USP18 can enhance the cellular transport rate in Xenopus laevis oocytes by increasing the activity of PEPT1 and PEPT2; this activation was believed to be due to the reversal of ubiquitination and the subsequent degradation of carrier protein."
USP18 affects S phase
| 2
USP18 activates S phase. 2 / 2
| 2

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"Compared with the control cells, USP18 overexpression alone slightly promoted proportion of S phase cells (from 31.15% to 34.88%) and reduced proportion of G2/M phase cells (from 16.36% to 12.90%)."

reach
"Importantly, when cells were treated with paclitaxol, USP18 overexpression could effectively increase the proportion of S phase (from 21.14% to 29.09%) and eliminate G2/M phase arrest (from 23.39% to [MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
USP18 affects RCAN1
| 2
USP18 leads to the dephosphorylation of RCAN1. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"USP18 de-ubiquitinates TAK1, thereby blocking phosphorylation of RCAN1, an inhibitor of calcineurin."

reach
"Thus, USP18 and TRIM30alpha both inhibit RCAN1 phosphorylation and thereby inhibit NFAT activation.Usp18 upregulation in Rspo3- and Evi-iECKO lung EC was validated by RT-qPCR."
USP18 affects PyVmT
| 2
USP18 activates PyVmT. 2 / 2
| 2

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"In contrast, injection of PyVmT and Usp18 KO MECs transduced with control vector led to significantly impaired tumour growth compared to Usp18 rescued PyVmT and Usp18 KO MECs or Usp18 C61S mutant rescued PyVmT and Usp18 KO MECs (XREF_FIG)."

reach
"To test this hypothesis we treated vector control and Usp18 rescued PyVmT and Usp18 KO MECs with IFN-lambda for 30 h and determined transcript levels of the same genes analyzed in XREF_FIG by qRT-PCR."
USP18 affects Ptpn2
| 2
USP18 inhibits Ptpn2. 2 / 2
| 2

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"Furthermore, treatment with the ROS inhibitor Mitotempo efficiently inhibited the USP18 deficiency-mediated opening of mPTP (Fig. 5B)."

reach
"Furthermore, while usp18-KO enhanced mPTP opening in DENV-infected cells, overexpression of USP18 inhibited mPTP opening (Supplementary Fig. 8)."
| 2

reach
"Moreover, the enhanced sensitivity of PTX-resistant NSCLC cells to PTX that was caused by USP18 silencing could be reversed by SHANK1 overexpression."

reach
"Silencing of USP18 promoted PTX sensitivity by suppressing the proliferation and glycolysis and inducing apoptosis in PTX-resistant NSCLC cells."
| 2

reach
"Taken together, these results provide evidence that USP18 inhibition may also decrease PD‐L1 expression to enhance the antitumor immune response.2.5 Genetic Effect of lncRNA BCCE4 on Bladder Tumors In Vivo."

reach
"Mechanistically, the lncRNA BCCE4 A allele loses a binding site for miR‐328‐3p, decreases USP18 expression levels by missing its function as a miRNA sponge, and thus downregulates PD‐L1 levels to restore the antitumour immune response in bladder cancer (Figure 5G)."
USP18 affects NS2B
| 2
USP18 increases the amount of NS2B. 2 / 2
| 2

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"Furthermore, USP18 deficiency significantly attenuated the expression of DENV NS2B protein, DENV RNA and DENV viral particles in BMDCs derived from mice lacking the ifnar1 (Fig. 2A–C) and stat1 genes (Fig. 2D–F)."

reach
"To further address the mechanisms by which USP18 regulated DENV replication, we generated usp18-knockout (KO) A549 cells with the CRISPR technique, which eliminated USP18 in both the cytosol and mitochondrial fractions Fig. 6A,B. Transfection and induced overexpression of USP18-flag upregulated DENV NS2B expression in usp18-KO cells in a dose-dependent manner (Fig. 6C)."
USP18 affects NF-κB.
| 2
USP18 inhibits NF-κB.. 2 / 2
| 2

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"Our genome wide analyses reveal that nuclear USP18 diminishes binding of IFN-regulated transcription factors to their corresponding DNA motifs in cooperation with NF-κB."

reach
"We identified that nuclear USP18 diminishes binding of IFN regulated transcription factors to their corresponding DNA motifs in cooperation with NF-κB. Consequently, the suppression of USP18 not only enhances the expression of canonical IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) but also activates a set of atypical ISGs and NF-κB target genes that induce cancer pyroptosis."
USP18 affects NCOA4
| 2
| 2

sparser
"Encouragingly, our findings confirmed a direct interaction between USP18 and NCOA4 (Fig. xref )."

sparser
"Furthermore, we have confirmed that the role of HYP in mediating HCC-SR cell sensitivity to sorafenib is dependent on the USP18-NCOA4 signaling axis (Fig. xref and Supplementary Fig. xref )."
USP18 affects LPS-induced sepsis
| 2
USP18 activates LPS-induced sepsis. 2 / 2
| 2

eidos
"USP18 alleviated LPS-induced sepsis by inhibiting TAK1 activity ."

eidos
"USP18 alleviated LPS-induced sepsis by inhibiting TAK1 activity ."
USP18 affects LC3-II
| 2
USP18 activates LC3-II. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"Consistent with the role of USP18 as a negative regulator of type I IFN signaling,6 knockdown of USP18 further potentiated the reduction of LC3-II induced by type I IFN."

reach
"Overexpression of USP18 led to upregulation of LC3-II and downregulation of SQSTM1 in a dose dependent manner."
USP18 affects ITGAM
| 2
USP18 activates ITGAM. 2 / 2
| 2

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"In GM-CSF-supplemented culture, over-expression of Usp18 restored the development of CD11b + CD11c + cells in Usp18 deficient BM cells, but did not affect DC development in wild-type BM cells (XREF_FIG), which confirmed the notion that the development defect of BM-DCs is intrinsic to Usp18 deficient cells."

reach
"Usp18 promotes conventional CD11b + dendritic cell development."
USP18 affects IRS2
| 2
IRS1 binds IRS2 and USP18. 2 / 2
| 2

sparser
"And in this study, we found that IRS4 functioned as a novel USP18-binding protein, but IRS1 and IRS2 do not bind to USP18."

sparser
"Therefore, IRS1 and IRS2 did not interact with USP18 (Figure xref )."
USP18 affects IRF3
| 2
USP18 inhibits IRF3. 2 / 2
| 2

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"XREF_BIBR This study showed that USP18 or USP20 deficiency significantly inhibited HSV-I or cytosolic DNA activation of both NF-kappaB and IRF3, and type-I IFN and proinflammatory cytokine expression."

reach
"USP18 deficiency or knockdown of USP20 resulted in enhanced K48 linked ubiquitination and accelerated degradation of STING, and impaired activation of IRF3 and NF-kappaB as well as induction of downstream genes after infection with DNA virus HSV-1 or transfection of various DNA ligands."
USP18 affects IL27
| 1
USP18 inhibits IL27. 1 / 2
| 1

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"Supporting this hypothesis, we show that USP-18, a target of IRF-7 and known negative regulator of the type I interferon response, decreases the production of immune-regulatory cytokines IL-27 and IL-10."
USP18 affects IFNs
| 2
USP18 activates IFNs. 2 / 2
| 2

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"Alternatively, USP18 antagonists or strategies promoting USP18 degradation could promote the beneficial effect of therapeutic IFNs used in multiple sclerosis, hairy cell leukemia, and melanoma (Meuwissen et al., 2016)."

reach
"Therapeutically, USP18 represents an attractive target, with agonists being of use in clinical settings where there is overabundance of type I IFNs and USP18 antagonists acting to prolong the beneficial effects of therapeutic IFNs, as in multiple sclerosis, hairy cell leukemia, and melanoma."
USP18 affects IFNG
| 2
USP18 inhibits IFNG. 2 / 2
| 2

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"The absence of Usp18 limited the expansion of virus specific CD8 + T cells (XREF_FIG) and reduced IFN-gamma production by CD8 + T cells (XREF_FIG) and CD4 + T cells (XREF_FIG)."

reach
"USP18 inhibition by two independent siRNAs increased beta cell apoptosis following exposure to IFNalpha or IFNgamma (XREF_FIG), whereas siCTRL has no such effect."
USP18 affects GSDME
| 2
USP18 inhibits GSDME. 2 / 2
| 2

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"USP18 suppression could induce cancer cell GSDME-dependent pyroptosis and suppress leukemogenesis via upregulating PLK2, an atypical ISG [24] (Fig. 2A)."

reach
"USP18 depletion induces both GSDMD and GSDME-dependent pyroptosis upon IFN treatment."
USP18 affects Flag
| 2
USP18 binds IRS4 and Flag. 2 / 2
| 2

sparser
"Co-IP assay of the interaction of Flag-tagged deletion mutants of USP18 and endogenous IRS4 confirmed these observations (Figure xref )."

sparser
"Moreover, Co-IP assay of the interaction of Flag-tagged deletion mutants of IRS4 with endogenous USP18 confirmed these results (Figure xref )."
USP18 affects F3
| 2
| 2

sparser
"In order to reduce binding of the TF-USP18 fusion protein to the ribosome and facilitate dissociation, residues G43, F44 and R45 of TF were exchanged to alanine (TF AAA )."

sparser
"To assure interaction of USP18 with TF, which forms a large hydrophobic cradle, we introduced a long flexible linker consisting of six GSS repeats between USP18 and the chaperone (Figure xref B, C)."

reach
"Knockdown of USP18 increased the expression of ER stress-related protein CHOP and apoptosis-related proteins cleaved-caspase-3."

reach
"USP18 inhibited apoptosis via ER stress."
USP18 affects EIF2AK3
| 2
USP18 decreases the amount of EIF2AK3. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"Results showed that the overexpression of USP18 promoted the expression of p-IRE1α and inhibited the level of p-PERK but had no significant effect on ATF6, XBP-1s, and IRE1α expression (Fig. 4a)."

reach
"Further assessment showed that USP18 promoted the expression of ATF6 and p-IRE1α and inhibited the level of p-PERK but had no significant effect on XBP-1s."
| 1 1
USP18 deubiquitinates E3_Ub_ligase.
| 1
USP18 leads to the deubiquitination of E3_Ub_ligase. 1 / 1
| 1

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"Previous studies have shown that the stability of STAT2 protein is associated with CRL3-mediated E3 ubiquitin ligase modification [34], and deubiquitination catalyzed by USP18 [35], suggesting that the stability of STAT2 protein is closely related to its ubiquitination level."
| 1

sparser
"Our results indicate that E3 ligases, UBA1 and USP18 are associated with HCC development and may possibly be considered as targets in the treatment of HCC."
USP18 affects CTBP1
| 1 1
| 1 1

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"The interaction between CtBP1 and USP18 was verified by Ni-NTA pulldown assay (Figure 2A)."

sparser
"The interaction between CtBP1 and USP18 was verified by Ni-NTA pulldown assay ( xref A)."
USP18 affects BCL2L11
| 2
USP18 decreases the amount of BCL2L11. 2 / 2
| 2

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"XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR USP18 inhibition in INS-1E cells induced Bim expression in untreated and IFNalpha treated conditions (XREF_FIG), whereas DP5 (XREF_FIG) and PUMA (XREF_FIG) mRNA expression was significantly upregulated when USP18 silenced cells were exposed to IFNalpha."

reach
"Specifically, USP18 inhibition in INS-1E cells enhanced BIM expression level in untreated and IFNgamma treated conditions."
USP18 affects BCCE4
| 2
USP18 inhibits BCCE4. 2 / 2
| 2

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"41 , 42 Consistent with the above findings, we also found that USP18 could restore the tumor‐suppressing function of BCCE4[A], indicating that USP18 plays an oncogenic role in bladder cancer."

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"Furthermore, we transfected USP18 overexpression plasmids into bladder cancer cell lines stably overexpressing BCCE4[A] and found that USP18 overexpression restored the tumor‐suppressing function of BCCE4[A] (Figure S26, Supporting Information)."
| 2

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"With this in view, our findings underscore the mechanism by which USP18 inhibits atherosclerosis development, signifying that USP18 targeting may serve as a potential strategy for atherosclerosis prevention and treatment."

reach
"Taken collectively, these results suggest a correlation between USP18 and the progression of atherosclerosis.3.2 USP18 Knockdown Accelerates the Development of Atherosclerosis in Apoe -/- Mice."
USP18 affects APOBEC3B
| 2
USP18 increases the amount of APOBEC3B. 2 / 2
| 2

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"USP18, an APOBEC3-related network hub, is positively correlated to the expression of SARS-CoV-2 receptors in upper airway epithelial, and promotes A3B expression, while A3B facilitates the infection of SARS-CoV-2."

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"Knockdown of USP18 mRNA significantly decreased A3B expression."
| 2

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"Suppression of USP18 Potentiates the Anti-HBV Activity of Interferon Alpha in HepG2.2.15 Cells via JAK and STAT Signaling."

reach
"Correction : Suppression of USP18 Potentiates the Anti-HBV Activity of Interferon Alpha in HepG2.2.15 Cells via JAK and STAT Signaling."
TLR4 affects USP18
| 2
TLR4 activates USP18. 2 / 2
| 2

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"We similarly observed the rapid upregulation of USP18 after treatment with IFN-beta In addition, we found USP18 is upregulated by TLR2, TLR4, and TLR7/8 ligands in THP-1 cells."

reach
"The LPS mediated TLR4 activation in human macrophages upregulates USP18, which in turn inhibits NF-kappaB activation, and thus the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-1beta) via interacting with TAK1-TAB1 and IKKalpha and beta-NEMO complexes [193]."
| DOI
TLR4 activation human macrophages affects USP18
| 2
TLR4 activation human macrophages activates USP18. 2 / 2
| 2

eidos
"The LPS-mediated TLR4 activation in human macrophages upregulates USP18 , which in turn inhibits NF-kappaB activation , and thus the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines ( TNF-alpha , IL-6 , and IL-1beta ) via interacting with TAK1-TAB1 and IKKalpha / beta-NEMO complexes ( Table 2 ) [ 193 ] ."
| DOI

eidos
"The LPS-mediated TLR4 activation in human macrophages upregulates USP18 , which in turn inhibits NF-kappaB activation , and thus the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines ( TNF-alpha , IL-6 , and IL-1beta ) via interacting with TAK1-TAB1 and IKKalpha / beta-NEMO complexes ( Table 2 ) [ 193 ] ."
| PMC
TLR affects USP18
| 2
TLR increases the amount of USP18. 2 / 2
| 2

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"These results indicate that USP18 expression can be induced by TLR induced signaling pathways, which, in turn, can suppress TLR mediated NF-kappaB activation to form a negative feedback loop."

reach
"Other TLR ligands, such as Pam3CSK4 (TLR2 ligand) or CL097 (TLR7/8 ligand), could also induce USP18 expression in THP-1 cells (XREF_FIG)."
TAB2 affects USP18
1 | 1
1 | 1

No evidence text available

reach
"The results indicated that USP18 interacted with TAK1, TAB1, and TAB2 without stimulation and PMA and ion stimulation reduced but did not totally abolish their association, whereas USP18 interacted with CARMA1 weakly in unstimulated cells and PMA and ion stimulation first enhanced their interaction and then resulted in their disassociation (XREF_FIG)."
STAT2 affects Interferon
| 2

sparser
"Recently, it was also demonstrated that USP18 can directly interact with STAT2 to form a complex that inhibits IFN-I ligand binding to IFNAR2 ( xref , xref )."
| 1

sparser
"Two siblings with early onset autoinflammatory disease with neurological features and elevated IFN signature were additionally described with a homozygous missense mutation in STAT2 resulting in gain of activity due to the inability of mutant STAT2 to interact with the STAT2-dependent negative regulator of interferon activity, USP18 [ xref ]."
SPP1 affects USP18
| 2
SPP1 increases the amount of USP18. 2 / 2
| 2

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"We observed that OPN silencing significantly (p<0.05) decreased USP18 mRNA levels ( Figure 4F ) in fibrotic stiffness gel-attached HepG2.2.15 cells, whereas rOPN treatment did not increase the USP18 mRNA expression in soft gel-attached HepG2.2.15 cells when compared to IFNα-treated group ( Figure 4G )."

reach
"In addition, we observed that recombinant OPN treatment significantly increased the USP18 protein expression in soft gel attached HepG2.2.15 cells when compared to control cells ( Figure 4H )."
SKP2 affects SAMHD1
| 2
| 2

sparser
"USP18 formed a complex with the E3 ubiquitin ligase recognition factor SKP2 (S-phase kinase associated protein 2) and SAMHD1."

sparser
"Numerous studies have reported that SAMHD1 can interact with cyclin/CDK complexes ( xref ), USP18 ( xref ) and S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 ( xref ), which are involved in the regulation of cell proliferation ( xref , xref )."
RNASEL affects USP18
| 2
RNASEL inhibits USP18. 2 / 2
| 2

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"A similar role of RNAse L negative regulation of the IFN response has also been suggested by the report that a novel IFN-stimulated gene encoding a 43-kDa ubiquitin-specific protease, designated ISG43[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

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"In this context, ISG43 (HuUBP43) induction by interferon is negatively regulated by RNase-L, thereby assisting in fine tuning the regulation of interferon stimulated gene expression in virally infecte[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
POU4F1 affects USP18
| 1 1
| 1 1

sparser
"IP assay indicated that POU4F1 could be detected by anti-USP18 and USP18 was also enriched by anti-POU4F1, suggesting the interaction between USP18 and POU4F1 in LUAD cells (Fig.  xref B-C)."

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"IP assay indicated that POU4F1 could be detected by anti-USP18 and USP18 was also enriched by anti-POU4F1, suggesting the interaction between USP18 and POU4F1 in LUAD cells (Fig. 3B-C)."
NCOA4 affects USP18
| 2
| 2

sparser
"Encouragingly, our findings confirmed a direct interaction between USP18 and NCOA4 (Fig. xref )."

sparser
"Furthermore, we have confirmed that the role of HYP in mediating HCC-SR cell sensitivity to sorafenib is dependent on the USP18-NCOA4 signaling axis (Fig. xref and Supplementary Fig. xref )."
Mice affects USP18
| 2
Mice inhibits USP18. 2 / 2
| 2

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"To deplete Usp18 in transplanted mice with established leukemia, mice were first allowed to become sick."

reach
"Strikingly, mutations in mice that deactivate Usp18, an ISG15 DUB-like peptidase, led to the accumulation of ISG15 and susceptibility to Salmonella infection."
MX1 affects USP18
| 1 1
| 1 1

reach
"Moreover, there was an interaction between USP18, LY6E, and MX1 in the PPI network."

sparser
"Moreover, there was an interaction between USP18, LY6E, and MX1 in the PPI network."
JAK-STAT affects USP18
| 2
JAK-STAT activates USP18. 2 / 2
| 2

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"In the initial experiments demonstrating IFN desensitization, ISGF3 gel shift assays and STAT1 phosphorylation levels indicated that the presence of IFN-beta failed to result in prolonged JAK-STAT signaling in USP18 expressing cells; in contrast, signaling was maintained in Usp18 -/- cells."

reach
"USP18 is induced by JAK-STAT signaling, and the resulting protein product then competes with JAK1 for binding to the intracellular domain of IFNAR2 [XREF_BIBR]."
Interferon affects STAT2
| 2

sparser
"Recently, it was also demonstrated that USP18 can directly interact with STAT2 to form a complex that inhibits IFN-I ligand binding to IFNAR2 ( xref , xref )."
| 1

sparser
"Two siblings with early onset autoinflammatory disease with neurological features and elevated IFN signature were additionally described with a homozygous missense mutation in STAT2 resulting in gain of activity due to the inability of mutant STAT2 to interact with the STAT2-dependent negative regulator of interferon activity, USP18 [ xref ]."
IRS4 affects Flag
| 2
USP18 binds IRS4 and Flag. 2 / 2
| 2

sparser
"Co-IP assay of the interaction of Flag-tagged deletion mutants of USP18 and endogenous IRS4 confirmed these observations (Figure xref )."

sparser
"Moreover, Co-IP assay of the interaction of Flag-tagged deletion mutants of IRS4 with endogenous USP18 confirmed these results (Figure xref )."
IRS2 affects USP18
| 2
IRS1 binds IRS2 and USP18. 2 / 2
| 2

sparser
"And in this study, we found that IRS4 functioned as a novel USP18-binding protein, but IRS1 and IRS2 do not bind to USP18."

sparser
"Therefore, IRS1 and IRS2 did not interact with USP18 (Figure xref )."
GRL0617 affects USP18
| 2
GRL0617 inhibits USP18. 2 / 2
| 2

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"Importantly, GRL0617 was unable to inhibit HAUSP, USP18, UCH-L1, UCH-L3, and a papain-like protease (PLP2) from the human coronavirus NL63."

reach
"To test whether GRL0617 can inhibit mouse deISGylating enzyme USP18, its activity was assayed in the presence of an inhibitor with 250nM ISG15-AMC (Boston Biochem) as substrate (excitation : 340nm; emission : 450nm)."
GATA3 affects USP18
| 1 1
GATA3 inhibits USP18. 2 / 2
| 1 1

sparser
"Moreover, upstream analysis using ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) showed that GATA3 modulated the transcription of several innate lymphocyte related genes including activation of CCL5, IL1B, IL-27, IRF7, MAVS, and TNF, whereas GATA3 inhibited BTK, USP18, CNOT7, and SOCS1 ( xref )."

reach
"Moreover, upstream analysis using ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) showed that GATA3 modulated the transcription of several innate lymphocyte related genes including activation of CCL5, IL1B, IL-27, IRF7, MAVS, and TNF, whereas GATA3 inhibited BTK, USP18, CNOT7, and SOCS1 (Figure 3E)."
Flag affects USP18
| 2
USP18 binds IRS4 and Flag. 2 / 2
| 2

sparser
"Co-IP assay of the interaction of Flag-tagged deletion mutants of USP18 and endogenous IRS4 confirmed these observations (Figure xref )."

sparser
"Moreover, Co-IP assay of the interaction of Flag-tagged deletion mutants of IRS4 with endogenous USP18 confirmed these results (Figure xref )."
F3 affects USP18
| 2
| 2

sparser
"In order to reduce binding of the TF-USP18 fusion protein to the ribosome and facilitate dissociation, residues G43, F44 and R45 of TF were exchanged to alanine (TF AAA )."

sparser
"To assure interaction of USP18 with TF, which forms a large hydrophobic cradle, we introduced a long flexible linker consisting of six GSS repeats between USP18 and the chaperone (Figure xref B, C)."
| 1 1
E3_Ub_ligase ubiquitinates USP18.
| 1
E3_Ub_ligase leads to the ubiquitination of USP18. 1 / 1
| 1

reach
"S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2) is an E3 ligase that mediates the ubiquitination of USP18 and subsequently promotes its proteasomal degradation [75,76]."
| 1

sparser
"Our results indicate that E3 ligases, UBA1 and USP18 are associated with HCC development and may possibly be considered as targets in the treatment of HCC."
2 |
Dietary Fats decreases the amount of USP18. 2 / 2
2 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
DENV-2 affects USP18
| 2
DENV-2 increases the amount of USP18. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"Our data showed that DENV-2 infection increased USP18 expression in Hela cells."

reach
"Ye et al. (2021) demonstrated that DENV-2 infection increased USP18 expression; USP18 overexpression enhanced DENV-2 replication, while USP18 silencing inhibited DENV-2 replication by activating the IFN-α-mediated JAK/STAT signaling pathway."
CTBP1 affects USP18
| 1 1
| 1 1

reach
"The interaction between CtBP1 and USP18 was verified by Ni-NTA pulldown assay (Figure 2A)."

sparser
"The interaction between CtBP1 and USP18 was verified by Ni-NTA pulldown assay ( xref A)."
CLQ affects USP18
| 2
CLQ activates USP18. 2 / 2
| 2

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"Moreover, USP18 was also induced in these cell lines by CLQ dependent on the increased concentrations."

reach
"In addition, the de-ISGylation enzyme USP18 was also upregulated by CLQ and MFQ."
CGAS affects USP18
| 2
CGAS inhibits USP18. 2 / 2
| 2

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"Besides, we found that overexpression of USP18 again raised cGAS protein levels, and STING, TBK1, IRF3 and p65 phosphorylation levels in PR8-infected A549 cells, whereas these were reduced by interfer[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

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"In addition, interference with cGAS inhibited USP18-mediated IAV replication ( Fig. 5 D), IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-β and CXCL10 synthesis ( Fig. 5 E), and apoptosis ( Fig. 5 F) in IAV-infected A549 cells."
BMP6 affects USP18
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BMP6 inhibits USP18. 2 / 2
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"BMP-6, upregulated in iLCs only after incubation with poly(I:C)-EVs, induces interferon-stimulated genes, down-regulates USP18 (a suppressor of interferon signaling) and induces an immediate exit from the cell cycle in epithelial stem cells, all favorable conditions during viral challenge ."

eidos
"BMP-6 , upregulated in iLCs only after incubation with poly ( I :C ) - EVs , induces interferon-stimulated genes , down-regulates USP18 ( a suppressor of interferon signaling ) and induces an immediate exit from the cell cycle in epithelial stem cells , all favorable conditions during viral challenge33 , 36 ."
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(+)-JQ1 compound decreases the amount of USP18. 2 / 2
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No evidence text available

No evidence text available
Tungsten affects USP18
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Tungsten increases the amount of USP18. 1 / 1
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No evidence text available
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Testosterone increases the amount of USP18. 1 / 1
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No evidence text available
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Temozolomide increases the amount of USP18. 1 / 1
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No evidence text available
Same doses affects USP18
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Same doses activates USP18. 1 / 1
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"We observed that neither IFN-alpha , LPS , nor TNF-alpha induce much , if any , hepatocyte expression of IFN-alpha or IFN-gamma , although the same doses induce strong expression of USP18 ( Fig. 5 ) ."
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No evidence text available
NciLT affects USP18
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NciLT inhibits USP18. 1 / 1
| 1

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"In addition, protumor interferon-stimulated genes ISG15 and IFIT3 (interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 3), and oncoprotein USP18 (Ubiquitin Specific Peptidase 18), which suppresses IFN responses, were also driven by LTβR-nonclassical signaling, downregulated by nciLT, and diminished in NIK-deficient B16F10 cells (Fig. 5a)."
Mitomycin C affects USP18
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"The addition of MMC causes a downregulation of some oBHV-upregulated ISGs (Ifit3, Ifit3b, Ifit1, Ifi44, Oasl2, Usp18, Isg15 and Ddx58) and an upregulation of genes involved in different pathways, including myeloid cell regulation (Slfn4, Ccl5, Ly6c2, Irgm1)."
MiR-532-3p affects USP18
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MiR-532-3p activates USP18. 1 / 1
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"Altogether these data demonstrate that the USP18 3 ' UTR sequence can be directly targeted by miR-191-5p, miR-24-3p, miR-423-5p, and miR-532-3p, with an effect on USP18 abundance."
Methylation affects USP18
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"We observed that the decitabine treatment reduced the fraction of cells with prolonged delay times in USP18 induction , which is in part due to earlier USP18 upregulation ( Figure 5 - - figure supplement 4 ) , supporting that the promoter methylation inhibits USP18 induction ( Figure 5D ) ."
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Manganese atom increases the amount of USP18. 1 / 1
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No evidence text available
Linc-UR-B1 affects USP18
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Linc-UR-B1 activates USP18. 1 / 1
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"Future studies will be necessary to determine whether linc-UR-B1 contributes to maintain USP18 in human male germ cells and indirectly favors viral persistence."
Iohexol affects USP18
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Iohexol decreases the amount of USP18. 1 / 1
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No evidence text available
Endotoxin affects USP18
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Endotoxin activates USP18. 1 / 1
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eidos
"For example , inflammatory stimuli , e.g ., endotoxin and lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) , have been shown to upregulate USP18 in peritoneal exudate macrophages ( 18 ) ."
DsDNA90 affects USP18
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DsDNA90 activates USP18. 1 / 1
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"Pretreatment with IFNβ led to increased levels of IRF3 activation by dsDNA90 treatment in all cell sublines.IFNβ pretreatment but not dsDNA90 increased USP18 levels in parental FTE-194 cells and UBA7-null cells, but not in ISG15-null cells (Fig. 3), likely reflecting the importance of free ISG15 in stabilizing USP18."
Clone affects USP18
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Clone increases the amount of USP18. 1 / 1
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"In contrast to IFN-λ treatment, IFN-α treatment of this clone failed to induce the expression of the IFN-stimulated genes, Oasl2 (Fig. 2A) and Usp18 (Fig. 2B), and to protect against infection with TM967, a TMEV derivative expressing mCherry (Fig. 2C)."
ZDHHC17 affects USP18
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No evidence text available
USP18 affects tunicamycin
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"Reciprocally, the ER stress agonist tunicamycin (TM) promoted apoptosis and overexpression of USP18 partially reversed the effect of TM on apoptosis (Fig. 3a)."
USP18 affects susceptibility
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USP18 activates susceptibility. 1 / 1
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"USP18 can increase HBV susceptibility by removing isopeptidase activity of ISG15 and promoting HBV replication by downregulating the I-IFN signal transduction pathway."
USP18 affects rbPept2
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USP18 activates rbPept2. 1 / 1
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"Warsi, et al demonstrated that transport activity of rabbit peptide transporters Pept1 and Pept2 was decreased in Xenopus laevis oocytes injected with cRNA encoding the E3 ubiquitin ligase Nedd4-2, whereas overexpression of USP18 (Ubiquitin like specific protease 18), an enzyme cleaving ubiquitin from target proteins, stimulated the transport activity of rbPept1 and rbPept2 [XREF_BIBR]."
USP18 affects ptc
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USP18 inhibits ptc. 1 / 1
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"Ectopic overexpression and knockdown assays indicated that USP18 can negatively regulate the proliferation of PTC cell lines."
USP18 affects protein is expressed tumor tissues cells
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USP18 activates protein is expressed tumor tissues cells. 1 / 1
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eidos
"We demonstrated that FTO protein is however , highly expressed in tumor tissues and cells due to the upregulation of USP18 ."
USP18 affects pGL3-1790/+22bp
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USP18 activates pGL3-1790/+22bp. 1 / 1
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"The cells were transfected with 750 ng of the USP18 promoter-driven luciferase plasmids (including pGL3-USP18DPL, pGL3-USP18DLY, pGL3-2461/+22bp, pGL3-1790/+22bp, pGL3-1314/+22bp, pGL3-814/+22bp, pGL3[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
USP18 affects miR-122
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USP18 decreases the amount of miR-122. 1 / 1
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"Over expression of miR-130a upregulated the expression of type I IFN (IFN-alpha and IFN -beta), ISG15, USP18 and MxA, which are involved in innate immune response and decreased expression of miR-122, a well defined miRNA promoting HCV production."
USP18 affects maintain responsiveness cells
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USP18 inhibits maintain responsiveness cells. 1 / 1
| 1

eidos
"Low USP18 may be critical to maintain high responsiveness of these cells to IFN ."

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"These data demonstrate that USP18 promotes viral replication, induces innate immunity and apoptosis via cGAS-STING pathway in IAV-infected lung epithelial cells.USP18 is a negative regulator of IFN an[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

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"Silencing of USP18 promoted PTX sensitivity by suppressing the proliferation and glycolysis and inducing apoptosis in PTX-resistant NSCLC cells."
| 1

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"Remarkably, USP18 requires Signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 (STAT2) for exerting its inhibitory effect on IFN signaling and IFN-stimulated gene expression (Arimoto et al., 2017) (Figure 1)."
USP18 affects desensitization IFNalpha signal transduction
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USP18 activates desensitization IFNalpha signal transduction. 1 / 1
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eidos
"Taken together , it was proposed that USP18 causes desensitization of IFNalpha signal transduction by impairing the formation of functional IFNalpha-binding sites ( Francois-Newton et al , 2011 ) ."
| PMC
USP18 affects degradation
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USP18 inhibits degradation. 1 / 1
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sparser
"More importantly, we found that USP18 significantly inhibited the degradation of endogenous IκBα protein in the presence of MyD88 ( xref )."
USP18 affects ZDHHC17
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No evidence text available
USP18 affects UBR5
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sparser
"Co-immunoprecipitation assays further validated the physical interaction between USP18 and UBR5, suggesting that USP18 may regulate p53 signaling through UBR5-mediated mechanisms."
USP18 affects UBA1
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sparser
"Our results indicate that E3 ligases, UBA1 and USP18 are associated with HCC development and may possibly be considered as targets in the treatment of HCC."

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"Previous studies demonstrated that USP18 plays a significant role in regulating autophagy: USP18 decreased paclitaxol sensitivity of triple-negative breast cancer via promoting autophagy [26]; USP18 overexpression could promote autophagy to inhibit cell apoptosis induced by spinal cord ischemia–reperfusion injury [27]; USP18 stabilizes cGAS through deubiquitination, enhancing autophagy in melanoma cells and thereby promoting resistance to vemurafenib in BRAF V600E mutant melanoma [28]."
USP18 affects TRIM5
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USP18 inhibits TRIM5. 1 / 1
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"Together, the data demonstrate that USP18 and TRIM5alpha attenuate NFAT1 activation in EC.The cellular experiments had identified a role of RNF213, USP18, and TRIM5alpha in the regulation of NFAT1."
USP18 affects TMEM14A
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No evidence text available
USP18 affects TLR7
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USP18 activates TLR7. 1 / 1
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"Notably, this cluster also contained several types of I IFN regulating genes, including Ifit1, Ifit3, Usp18, and Isg15, which are all activated downstream of TLR7 (Fig. 3f)."
USP18 affects RSF1
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No evidence text available
USP18 affects RSAD2
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USP18 activates RSAD2. 1 / 1
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"OAS3, RGS13, STAG3, IFI44L, STS-1, FERIL14, ZBTB16, USP18, USP41, RSAD2, FKBP5, IL1R2, DNAPTP6 and ILI27, which top 14 significantly upregulated mRNAs in SLE patients compared with Healthy donors, sho[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

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"DeISGylation of phosphorylated N by PLpro in close proximity at the RTC is conceivably more efficient for the virus to rapidly overcome RNA synthesis blockage than recruiting a cellular deISGylating enzyme, such as USP18."

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"Silencing USP18 suppressed COAD cell proliferation and invasion via destabilizing extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) protein and suppressing ERK downstream pathways."
USP18 affects Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa binds USP18. 1 / 1
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"Further investigation revealed that PA binds to USP18, enhancing its stability and increasing its transcriptional and translational expression."
USP18 affects PETE
| 1
| 1

sparser
"pLV2 (pLentiCRISPRv2 empty vector (pLV2)) cells Osei Kuffour et al. 50 N/A ISG15 knockout THP-1 cells Osei Kuffour et al. 50 N/A STING knockout THP-1 cells Mankan et al. 16 N/A Reconstituted STING THP[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
USP18 affects PERK-eIF2alpha-ATF4
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USP18 inhibits PERK-eIF2alpha-ATF4. 1 / 1
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"USP18 attenuates endoplasmic reticulum stress via the PERK-eIF2alpha-ATF4 axis to reduce apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells."
USP18 affects PAMPs
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USP18 activates PAMPs. 1 / 1
| 1

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"Usp18 Ity9 / Usp18 Ity9 mice present increased responsiveness to PAMPs and Salmonella induced septic shock."
USP18 affects NFKBIA
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USP18 activates NFKBIA. 1 / 1
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"More importantly, we found that USP18 significantly inhibited the degradation of endogenous IkappaBalpha protein in the presence of MyD88 (XREF_FIG)."
USP18 affects JAK1-IFNAR2 interaction
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USP18 inhibits JAK1-IFNAR2 interaction. 1 / 1
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"As a negative regulator of the Jak / STAT signaling , USP18 binds to the intracellular domain of IFNAR2 to block the JAK1-IFNAR2 interaction , leading to the inhibition of signal transduction ( Malakhova et al ., 2006 ) ."
USP18 affects IRF1-silenced HUVECs
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USP18 activates IRF1-silenced HUVECs. 1 / 1
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"STAT1 , USP18 and IRF1 modulate CXCL10 levels in EC following IFN-alpha stimulation To validate the transcriptional regulations inferred in our multiple-output FFL regulatory subnetwork ( Fig. 2 ) , we measured CXCL10 protein levels in tissue culture media conditioned by STAT1 - , USP18 - , IFIH1 - and IRF1-silenced HUVECs , compared to HUVECs transfected with a scrambled siRNA ( siCTRL ) ."
USP18 affects IFNAR1 recruitment
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USP18 inhibits IFNAR1 recruitment. 1 / 1
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"USP18 is modeled as pre-bound to IFNAR2 ( i.e ., before IFN stimulation ) and reduces IFNAR1 recruitment into the ternary complex by increasing k-4 ( see Long Time Deactivation via USP18 Regulates Receptor Complex Stability to Achieve Absolute Discrimination ) ."
USP18 affects IFNA2R
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USP18 binds IFNA2R. 1 / 1
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"In line with this proviral role, free ISG15 also stabilizes the deISGylase USP18, which binds IFNA2R (IFN alpha 2 receptor) and blocks IFN signaling."
USP18 affects IFN-α/β receptor 2 complex
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USP18 binds IFN-α/β receptor 2 complex. 1 / 1
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"Independent of its deISGylating activity, USP18 also binds to IFN-α/β receptor 2 complex, where it competes with JAK1, thereby negatively regulating type I IFN signaling."
USP18 affects IFN
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USP18 inhibits IFN. 1 / 1
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"In fact, USP18 knockdown contributes to IFN- and PIC induced caspases-9 and -3 activation and beta cell apoptosis."
USP18 affects IFN responsiveness
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USP18 inhibits IFN responsiveness. 1 / 1
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"Support for this notion is found in a mouse study in which expression of USP18 in macrophages led to lower IFN responsiveness , leading to locally restricted replication of VSV ( 22 ) ."
USP18 affects HOAX10 gene
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USP18 decreases the amount of HOAX10 gene. 1 / 1
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"The results showed that overexpression of USP18 increased the expression of the HOAX11 gene, whereas shUSP18 inhibited the expression of the HOAX10 gene compared to the shNC group ( p < 0.05, Fig. 3 A[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
USP18 affects GBP1
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USP18 activates GBP1. 1 / 1
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"Consistent with these results, we observed enhanced GBP-1 expression and increased apoptosis in THP-1 and KT-1 cells treated with the USP18 aa 302-313 peptide (XREF_FIG and XREF_SUPPLEMENTARY)."
USP18 affects FTO protein
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USP18 activates FTO protein. 1 / 1
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"In this study , we demonstrated that FTO protein but not mRNA is highly expressed in BLCA tissues and cell lines due to ubiquitin Specific Peptidase 18 ( USP18 ) - imposed post-translational deubiquitination on the N-terminal protein domain ."
USP18 affects EGFP
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"Further, overexpression of EGFPUSP18 under the control of the CMV promoter resulted in a reduction of the co‐localization of HaloTag‐IFNAR1 and SNAPf‐IFNAR2c in U5A cells treated with IFNα (Wilmes et al , xref )."
| PMC

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"USP18-mediated protein deISGylation and its role in tuberculosis and other infectious diseases."
USP18 affects Carcinoma
| 1
| 1

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"USP18 could promote tumor metastasis in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas via deubiquitinating ZEB1 [13]."
USP18 affects CXCL9
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USP18 decreases the amount of CXCL9. 1 / 1
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"We demonstrated that USP18 deficient cells have increased expression of IFIT1, IFIT2, IFIT3, IFITM1, IFITM2, CXCL9, CXCL10, ISG15, and MX2 after treatment with exogenous IFN‐β."
USP18 affects CD4
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USP18 inhibits CD4. 1 / 1
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"In our mammary tumour model we show that Usp18 deficiency can reverse the effect of CD4 + T cells on tumour growth."
USP18 affects CCL8
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USP18 activates CCL8. 1 / 1
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"It is therefore important to investigate whether the USP18-SOCS1 complex activates CCL8 in AT2 cells through additional signaling pathways."
USP18 affects CCAR2
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No evidence text available
USP18 affects AIF1
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USP18 decreases the amount of AIF1. 1 / 1
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"Loss of USP18 led to a significant increase in the expression of TLR2, Iba-1, and GFAP proteins and a significant decrease in TH levels, and this change was particularly pronounced in microglia."
UBR5 affects USP18
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sparser
"Co-immunoprecipitation assays further validated the physical interaction between USP18 and UBR5, suggesting that USP18 may regulate p53 signaling through UBR5-mediated mechanisms."
UBA7 affects USP18
| 1

sparser
"Our results indicate that E3 ligases, UBA1 and USP18 are associated with HCC development and may possibly be considered as targets in the treatment of HCC."
TMEM14A affects USP18
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No evidence text available
TGM1 affects USP18
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TGM1 activates USP18. 1 / 1
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"A ubiquitin deconjugating enzyme, ISG43, is also induced by IFN (Li et al., 2000b) ."
TAB1 affects MAP3K7
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sparser
"Furthermore, USP18 interacted with TAK1-TAB1 complex and IKKα/β-NEMO complex, respectively."
RSF1 affects USP18
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No evidence text available
Pseudomonas aeruginosa affects USP18
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa binds USP18. 1 / 1
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"Further investigation revealed that PA binds to USP18, enhancing its stability and increasing its transcriptional and translational expression."
PETE affects USP18
| 1
| 1

sparser
"pLV2 (pLentiCRISPRv2 empty vector (pLV2)) cells Osei Kuffour et al. 50 N/A ISG15 knockout THP-1 cells Osei Kuffour et al. 50 N/A STING knockout THP-1 cells Mankan et al. 16 N/A Reconstituted STING THP[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
OAS3 affects USP18
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OAS3 activates USP18. 1 / 1
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"OAS3, RGS13, STAG3, IFI44L, STS-1, FERIL14, ZBTB16, USP18, USP41, RSAD2, FKBP5, IL1R2, DNAPTP6 and ILI27, which top 14 significantly upregulated mRNAs in SLE patients compared with Healthy donors, sho[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
MAP3K7 affects TAB1
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sparser
"Furthermore, USP18 interacted with TAK1-TAB1 complex and IKKα/β-NEMO complex, respectively."
KRAS affects USP18
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sparser
"KRAS is Associated with USP18 in Lung Cancer Cell Lines."
Interferon affects STAT2, and USP18
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"Two siblings with early onset autoinflammatory disease with neurological features and elevated IFN signature were additionally described with a homozygous missense mutation in STAT2 resulting in gain of activity due to the inability of mutant STAT2 to interact with the STAT2-dependent negative regulator of interferon activity, USP18 [ xref ]."
Interferon affects IFNAR2
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sparser
"Recently, it was also demonstrated that USP18 can directly interact with STAT2 to form a complex that inhibits IFN-I ligand binding to IFNAR2 ( xref , xref )."
| 1

eidos
"b | Intracellular functions : Ubl carboxy-terminal hydrolase 18 ( USP18 ) and S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 ( SKP2 ) : USP18 , which is induced by type I interferons , mediates the negative feedback regulation of interferon signalling independent of its deISGylase activity ."
ILI27 affects USP18
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ILI27 activates USP18. 1 / 1
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"OAS3, RGS13, STAG3, IFI44L, STS-1, FERIL14, ZBTB16, USP18, USP41, RSAD2, FKBP5, IL1R2, DNAPTP6 and ILI27, which top 14 significantly upregulated mRNAs in SLE patients compared with Healthy donors, sho[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
IKK_complex affects USP18
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sparser
"Taken together, these results suggest that in addition to the TAK1-TAB1 complex, USP18 also interacts with the IKK complex upon LPS treatment in a NEMO-dependent manner."
IKBKG affects TAB1
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sparser
"Furthermore, USP18 interacted with TAK1-TAB1 complex and IKKα/β-NEMO complex, respectively."
IKBKG affects IKK_complex, and USP18
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sparser
"Taken together, these results suggest that in addition to the TAK1-TAB1 complex, USP18 also interacts with the IKK complex upon LPS treatment in a NEMO-dependent manner."
IKBKG affects CHUK
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sparser
"Furthermore, USP18 interacted with TAK1-TAB1 complex and IKKα/β-NEMO complex, respectively."
IFNAR2 affects Interferon, STAT2, and USP18
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sparser
"Recently, it was also demonstrated that USP18 can directly interact with STAT2 to form a complex that inhibits IFN-I ligand binding to IFNAR2 ( xref , xref )."
IFNA2R affects USP18
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USP18 binds IFNA2R. 1 / 1
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"In line with this proviral role, free ISG15 also stabilizes the deISGylase USP18, which binds IFNA2R (IFN alpha 2 receptor) and blocks IFN signaling."
IFNA2 affects USP18
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IFNA2 inhibits USP18. 1 / 1
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"H4-FYVE-RFP cells with USP18 stable knockdown were treated with 2 nM IFNA2 for 24 h in the presence or absence of 200 nM rapamycin and then imaged and quantified as in (A)."
IFN1 affects USP18
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IFN1 increases the amount of USP18. 1 / 1
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"Bioinformatic predictions suggest that linc-DGCR6-1 may regulate the IFN1 induction of USP18, which is highly expressed in the perifascial region of muscle fibers in patients with DM (108)."
IFN-α/β receptor 2 complex affects USP18
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USP18 binds IFN-α/β receptor 2 complex. 1 / 1
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"Independent of its deISGylating activity, USP18 also binds to IFN-α/β receptor 2 complex, where it competes with JAK1, thereby negatively regulating type I IFN signaling."
IBB1 affects USP18
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Mutated IBB1 inhibits USP18. 1 / 1
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"Mutation of IBB1 can effectively impair USP18 enzymatic activity in vitro, making it clear that these amino acids participate in ISG15 recognition."
EGFP affects USP18
| 1
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sparser
"Further, overexpression of EGFPUSP18 under the control of the CMV promoter resulted in a reduction of the co‐localization of HaloTag‐IFNAR1 and SNAPf‐IFNAR2c in U5A cells treated with IFNα (Wilmes et al , xref )."
| PMC
E3_Ub_ligase affects UBA7
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sparser
"Our results indicate that E3 ligases, UBA1 and USP18 are associated with HCC development and may possibly be considered as targets in the treatment of HCC."
DDT affects USP18
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DDT increases the amount of USP18. 1 / 1
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sparser
"D-DT-Induced Astrocytic Expression of Usp18 Functions on Activation of Intracellular MAPKs."
CHUK affects TAB1
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sparser
"Furthermore, USP18 interacted with TAK1-TAB1 complex and IKKα/β-NEMO complex, respectively."
CCAR2 affects USP18
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No evidence text available
3A affects USP18
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3A inhibits USP18. 1 / 1
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"In addition, STAT2 CC/DB 3A, but not STAT2 CC/DB, partially blocked the effect of USP18 on transcription of ISGs, such as GBP1 and IFIT1 (XREF_FIG and XREF_SUPPLEMENTARY)."
1,2-dimethylhydrazine increases the amount of USP18. 1 / 1
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No evidence text available
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No evidence text available