IndraLab

Statements


USP15 is modified
33 | 77 28
USP15 is phosphorylated.
33 | 63 28
USP15 is phosphorylated. 10 / 59
| 43 16

sparser
"As expected, the effect of purvalanol A was similar to those of the phosphomutants, indicating that CDKs could be a possible candidate responsible for USP15 phosphorylation."

sparser
"Finally, USP15 is phosphorylated by ATR/ATM and is known to cleave ubiquitin from IκB, thus dampening the NF-κB response (see below)."

rlimsp
"Mechanisms to control USP15 activity within cells are suggested by evidence that USP15 is alternatively spliced [18, 35] and can be ubiquitylated or phosphorylated [29, 34, 36–39]."

sparser
"Using the UALCAN database, we studied the expression of USP15 phosphorylation in breast cancer and normal tissues."

sparser
"The expression of phosphorylated USP15 in breast cancer tissues was higher than that in normal tissues. ( p = 6.87e − 04) ( xref ), the phosphorylation expression of USP15 in different stages of breast cancer was also analyzed."

rlimsp
"(B and C) Phosphorylated forms of both REST (B) and USP15 (C) accumulate during prometaphase arrest."

sparser
"Mechanisms to control USP15 activity within cells are suggested by evidence that USP15 is alternatively spliced [ xref , xref ] and can be ubiquitylated or phosphorylated [ xref , xref , xref – xref ]."

sparser
"USP15 is phosphorylated during HSV-1 infection."

rlimsp
"USP15 phosphorylation is essential for its functions in HR."

sparser
"To investigate the phosphorylation-dependent regulation of USP15, we first examined whether USP15 was phosphorylated in cells."
USP15 is phosphorylated on S229. 10 / 15
10 | 2 3

No evidence text available

rlimsp
"The kinase that phosphorylates USP15 at S229 remains to be experimentally determined."

rlimsp
"Although USP15 is predominantly cytoplasmic in interphase, we show that both isoforms move into the nucleus at prophase, but that isoform-1 is phosphorylated on its unique S229 residue at mitotic entry."

rlimsp
"Although USP15 is predominantly cytoplasmic in interphase, we show that both isoforms move into the nucleus at prophase, but that isoform-1 is phosphorylated on its unique S229 residue at mitotic entry. The micronuclei phenotype we observe on USP15 depletion can be rescued by either USP15 isoform and requires USP15 catalytic activity. Importantly, however, an S229D phospho-mimetic mutant of USP15 isoform-1 cannot rescue either the micronuclei phenotype, or accumulation of TOP2A. Thus, S229 phosphorylation selectively abrogates this role of USP15 in maintaining genome integrity in an isoform-specific manner."

sparser
"Other groups have also identified cell cycle-regulated phosphorylation of USP15 at S229 but have not identified the kinase responsible ( xref )."

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USP15 is phosphorylated on S678. 10 / 12
| 5 7

sparser
"Mechanistically, USP15 is recruited to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by MDC1, which requires the FHA domain of MDC1 and phosphorylated Ser678 of USP15."

rlimsp
"USP15 Ser678 phosphorylation is essential for its function in homologous recombination (HR)."

rlimsp
"We also found that MDC1-FHA domain bound phosphorylated USP15, and Ser678 phosphorylation was essential for this binding (Fig. 4i, j)."

rlimsp
"Mechanistically, USP15 is recruited to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by MDC1, which requires the FHA domain of MDC1 and phosphorylated Ser678 of USP15."

rlimsp
"These results clearly indicate that USP15 Ser678 phosphorylation is required for its function in HR."

sparser
"These results clearly indicate that USP15 Ser678 phosphorylation is required for its function in HR."

sparser
"USP15 is phosphorylated at Ser678 and recruited to DSBs."

rlimsp
"We confirmed that USP15 S678 phosphorylation is essential for its functions in HR and genome stability."

sparser
"We confirmed that USP15 S678 phosphorylation is essential for its functions in HR and genome stability."

rlimsp
"Previous large-scale proteomic studies also demonstrated that Ser678 of USP15 is phosphorylated by ATM following DNA damage."
USP15 is phosphorylated on S965. 8 / 8
8 |

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USP15 is phosphorylated on T149. 7 / 7
| 7

sparser
"In summary, we showed that Thr149 and Thr219 of USP15 are differentially phosphorylated in the cytoplasm and nucleus, and the phosphorylation status is important in its interaction with SART3, and con[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

sparser
"A study employing nuclear-cytoplasmic fractionation and mass spectrometric analysis showed that Thr149 and Thr219 of USP15, which is conserved among different species, are phosphorylated in the cytoplasm."

sparser
"We found that Thr149 and Thr219 of USP15 in the N-terminal UBL domain are differentially phosphorylated in the cytoplasm and nucleus and examined the effect of phosphorylation at Thr149 and Thr219 of [MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

sparser
"For example, phosphorylation of T149 in USP15 might involve conformational changes on the nearby residues such as E135, K137, R150, and R151, which in turn causes a compromised conformation for the li[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

sparser
"Recent studies have also shown the forms of USP15 phosphorylated at Thr149 and Thr219 residues are predominantly localized in the cytoplasm."

sparser
"These results suggest that USP15 phosphorylation at T149 and T219 is important in determining its localization."

sparser
"In light of our previous study revealing that USP15 is required for proper RNA splicing by regulating the spliceosome dynamics [10] , it may be speculated from our current study that USP15 phosphoryla[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
USP15 is phosphorylated on T219. 6 / 6
| 6

sparser
"These results suggest that USP15 phosphorylation at T149 and T219 is important in determining its localization."

sparser
"In summary, we showed that Thr149 and Thr219 of USP15 are differentially phosphorylated in the cytoplasm and nucleus, and the phosphorylation status is important in its interaction with SART3, and con[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

sparser
"A study employing nuclear-cytoplasmic fractionation and mass spectrometric analysis showed that Thr149 and Thr219 of USP15, which is conserved among different species, are phosphorylated in the cytoplasm."

sparser
"We found that Thr149 and Thr219 of USP15 in the N-terminal UBL domain are differentially phosphorylated in the cytoplasm and nucleus and examined the effect of phosphorylation at Thr149 and Thr219 of [MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

sparser
"Recent studies have also shown the forms of USP15 phosphorylated at Thr149 and Thr219 residues are predominantly localized in the cytoplasm."

sparser
"In light of our previous study revealing that USP15 is required for proper RNA splicing by regulating the spliceosome dynamics [10] , it may be speculated from our current study that USP15 phosphoryla[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
USP15 is phosphorylated on S961. 6 / 6
6 |

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USP15 is phosphorylated on S244. 3 / 3
3 |

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USP15 is phosphorylated on serine. 2 / 2
| 2

rlimsp
"As previously mentioned, the alternatively spliced exon, lost in USP11, contains several reported phosphorylated serines in USP4 and USP15 [39]."

rlimsp
"As shown in Fig. 4a, USP15 was phosphorylated at ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) consensus Ser-Gln/Thr-Gln (SQ/TQ) sites after IR."
USP15 is phosphorylated on S242. 2 / 2
2 |

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USP15 is phosphorylated on Y104. 2 / 2
2 |

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USP15 is phosphorylated on T226. 2 / 2
2 |

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USP15 is ubiquitinated.
| 12
USP15 is ubiquitinated. 10 / 12
| 12

sparser
"Moreover, we value the insightful suggestion regarding delving into the ubiquitination of USP15 through immunoprecipitation to elucidate changes in the RelA ubiquitination [50] ."

sparser
"Subsequent Western blot experiments revealed that PLOD2 upregulation diminished USP15 ubiquitination while augmenting Akt and mTOR phosphorylation [ xref ], suggesting that the PLOD2/USP15 axis modulates PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway activation."

sparser
"The precise mechanism by which PLOD2 influences USP15 ubiquitination remains unclear, but it is conceivable that PLOD2 modifies USP15, reducing its activity and leading to increased ubiquitination and degradation of a negative regulator of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway."

sparser
"Further studies are needed to identify the specific E3 ligase responsible for USP15 ubiquitination and the nature of the modification induced by PLOD2."

sparser
"Moreover, SYVN1 promotes T-cell immunity [ xref ], B-cell immunity [ xref ] and regulates TLR-induced inflammation through K27-linked ubiquitination and inactivation of Usp15 [ xref ]."

sparser
"Both USP15 and Nef were ubiquitylated."

sparser
"Mechanisms to control USP15 activity within cells are suggested by evidence that USP15 is alternatively spliced [ xref , xref ] and can be ubiquitylated or phosphorylated [ xref , xref , xref – xref ]."

sparser
"Co-expression with neither the USP15 C298A mutant nor USP15 variant 2 affected CARD9 ubiquitination, indicating that the removal of ubiquitin is linked to the catalytic activity of USP15."

sparser
"Ubiquitylation of USP15 is clearly increased by co-expression of wild-type but not an E2 binding-deficient mutant of myc-BRAP ( xref B , compare lanes 5 with 4 and 12 with 11 )."

sparser
"The results demonstrated that in CRC cells, USP15 ubiquitination levels rose when PLOD2 expression was downregulated and decreased when PLOD2 was overexpressed (Figure  xref )."
USP15 is dephosphorylated.
| 2
USP15 is dephosphorylated. 2 / 2
| 2

sparser
"In contrast, dephosphorylated USP15 relocates to the nucleus and plays an important role in spliceosome dynamics ( xref )."

sparser
"Subsequently, USP15 is dephosphorylated in early G1 as REST re-accumulates [ xref ]."
SART3 affects USP15
23 | 39 40
SART3 binds USP15.
23 | 31 40
23 | 30 35

reach
"However, Tip110 was found to interact with and promote nuclear translocation of USP4 and USP15 but not USP11, and this is due to β-hairpin of the linker region of the DUSP and UBL domains of both USP4 and USP15 proteins that were associated with the HAT domain of Tip110 (12, 23, 25, 38) In addition, the binding of USP15 to Tip110 is 20-fold stronger than USP4 (55)."

reach
"Those observations prompted us to investigate whether Tip110-USP15 complex regulate NF-κB activity."

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reach
"On the other hand, okadaic acid did not show any significant effect on the USP15 and SART3 interaction ( Fig. 4 c)."

reach
"In addition, the NLS of SART3 binds importin-α in a bipartite manner, and SART3 interaction with USP4 and USP15 induces translocation of USP4 and USP15 into the nucleus [12] ."

sparser
"We further show that SART3 is associated with the ubiquitin-specific peptidase USP15 and that ZNNT1 may induce p53 destabilization by inhibiting this interaction."

sparser
"These results suggest that ZNNT1 interferes with the SART3-USP15 complex-mediated stabilization of p53 protein and thereby plays important roles in the proliferation and tumorigenicity of colon cancer cells."
USP15 binds SART3 and USP4. 6 / 6
| 1 5

sparser
"Consistent with our prediction, SART3 interacted with endogenous USP4 and USP15 (Figure xref )."

sparser
"We next examined whether SART3 forms a complex with USP15 and USP4 simultaneously using sequential immunoprecipitation."

reach
"Deubiquitination of PRP31 and PRP3 by the USP15, SART3, and USP4 complex decreases the affinity towards PRP8 and this regulation is important for the proper splicing of chromosome segregation related genes such as Bub1 and alpha-tubulin."

sparser
"Drugs interfering with the interaction between USP4 and USP15 and SART3 may selectively inhibit the DUB functions in the nucleus."
| PMC

sparser
"Moreover, as a substrate recruiting factor of USP15 either ( xref ; xref ), SART3 can simultaneously bind USP4 and USP15, serving as a platform to deubiquitinate PRP31 and PRP3 ( xref )."

sparser
"PRP31, a component of the U4 snRNP, is modified with K63-linked ubiquitin chains by the PRP19 complex and is deubiquitinated by the ternary complex of USP15, SART3, and USP4."
SART3 activates USP15.
| 6
SART3 activates USP15. 6 / 6
| 6

reach
"ABHD11-AS1 and SART3 increase the interaction of USP15 with RNA splicing factor PRPF19."

reach
"These data further confirming the opposing effect of Tip110 and USP15 on IκBα stability.As we previously alluded to, Tip110 expression promoted the nuclear translocation of USP15 where both are associated (25) and the above observations prompted us to examine whether Tip110 also targeted nuclear IκBα to regulate NF-κB activity."

reach
"in which overexpression of SART3 enhanced localization of USP15 to the nucleus."

reach
"Our finding demonstrated that ABHD11-AS1 directly and specifically binds to SART3; (ii) Previous studies reported that SART3 interacts with deubiquitinase USP15 and promotes USP15 nuclear localization to regulate RNA alternative splicing."

reach
"However, the overexpression of SART3 induced the nuclear localization of USP15, consequently leading to colocalization of USP15 with PRP31."

reach
"The interaction of ABHD11-AS1 with SART3 promotes USP15 (ubiquitin specific peptidase 15) nuclear localization."
SART3 inhibits USP15.
| 2
SART3 inhibits USP15. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"The complex structure of the NLS on Tip110 and importin 2α is involved a bipartite binding, and removal of Tip110 NLS prevents the entry of USP4 or USP15 in the nucleus and abrogates their subsequent deubiquitinase activity (12, 55), which may explain the detection of a higher ubiquitinated form of cytoplasmic expressed Tip110ΔNLS mutant ( Figures 2D , 4C, E )."

reach
"We showed that USP15 expression obliterated Tip110-induced NF-κB activation ( Figures 5B, C ) and overexpression of Tip110 enhanced USP15-inhibited NF-κB activity ( Figures 5D, E )."
USP15 affects SART3
23 1 | 34 40
USP15 binds SART3.
23 | 31 40
23 | 30 35

reach
"However, Tip110 was found to interact with and promote nuclear translocation of USP4 and USP15 but not USP11, and this is due to β-hairpin of the linker region of the DUSP and UBL domains of both USP4 and USP15 proteins that were associated with the HAT domain of Tip110 (12, 23, 25, 38) In addition, the binding of USP15 to Tip110 is 20-fold stronger than USP4 (55)."

reach
"Those observations prompted us to investigate whether Tip110-USP15 complex regulate NF-κB activity."

No evidence text available

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reach
"On the other hand, okadaic acid did not show any significant effect on the USP15 and SART3 interaction ( Fig. 4 c)."

reach
"In addition, the NLS of SART3 binds importin-α in a bipartite manner, and SART3 interaction with USP4 and USP15 induces translocation of USP4 and USP15 into the nucleus [12] ."

sparser
"We further show that SART3 is associated with the ubiquitin-specific peptidase USP15 and that ZNNT1 may induce p53 destabilization by inhibiting this interaction."

sparser
"These results suggest that ZNNT1 interferes with the SART3-USP15 complex-mediated stabilization of p53 protein and thereby plays important roles in the proliferation and tumorigenicity of colon cancer cells."
USP15 binds SART3 and USP4. 6 / 6
| 1 5

sparser
"Consistent with our prediction, SART3 interacted with endogenous USP4 and USP15 (Figure xref )."

sparser
"We next examined whether SART3 forms a complex with USP15 and USP4 simultaneously using sequential immunoprecipitation."

reach
"Deubiquitination of PRP31 and PRP3 by the USP15, SART3, and USP4 complex decreases the affinity towards PRP8 and this regulation is important for the proper splicing of chromosome segregation related genes such as Bub1 and alpha-tubulin."

sparser
"Drugs interfering with the interaction between USP4 and USP15 and SART3 may selectively inhibit the DUB functions in the nucleus."
| PMC

sparser
"Moreover, as a substrate recruiting factor of USP15 either ( xref ; xref ), SART3 can simultaneously bind USP4 and USP15, serving as a platform to deubiquitinate PRP31 and PRP3 ( xref )."

sparser
"PRP31, a component of the U4 snRNP, is modified with K63-linked ubiquitin chains by the PRP19 complex and is deubiquitinated by the ternary complex of USP15, SART3, and USP4."
USP15 deubiquitinates SART3.
1 | 3
USP15 deubiquitinates SART3. 4 / 4
1 | 3

reach
"USP-15 deubiquitinates Tip110 and regulates the protein stability of Tip110 [44] ."

reach
"To further investigate whether regulation of Tip110 deubiquitination by USP15 occurs only in the nucleus, we utilized Tip110 mutant which contains deletion in the nuclear localization signal, Tip110ΔN[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"Interestingly, USP15 expression only led to Tip110 deubiquitination (25, 38)."

reach
"On the other hand, SRSF1 is upregulated by high USP15 and USP4 that enhance cell proliferation and invasion (Fig. 7D)."

reach
"USP15 knockdown significantly inhibited cell proliferation, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of GC in vitro, while overexpression of USP15 promoted these processes."

reach
"In addition, the PRP-derived exosomes contain the key mediator USP15, which promotes the proliferation, migration, and tissue repair activity of immortalized keratinocytes by inducing the deubiquitination of EIF4A1 (Xu et al., 2021)."

reach
"USP15 overexpression promotes MM cell proliferation."

reach
"Human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (hPASMCs) were exposed to hypoxia to mimic PH in vitro, and USP15 knockdown significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and YAP1/TAZ signaling in hypoxic hPASMCs."

reach
"USP15 promotes cell proliferation, invasion and EMT progression of GC via regulating the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway, which suggests that USP15 is a novel potential therapeutic target for GC."

reach
"USP15 promoted cell proliferation, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of GC cells in vitro and tumor growth in vivo."

reach
"Rescue assays further suggested that USP15 promoted hPASMC proliferation and migration in a YAP1/TAZ-dependent manner."

reach
"Our data also revealed that USP15 mRNA and protein levels were upregulated in glioma tissues compared to those in adjacent normal brain tissues, that higher USP15 expression reflected a poor glioma prognosis and that USP15 overexpression promoted cell proliferation and migration."

reach
"USP15 promoted cell proliferation, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of GC cells in vitro and tumor growth in vivo."
USP15 bound to PARP1 activates cell population proliferation. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"For example, the deubiquitinase USP15 interacts with and deubiquitinates PARP1, promoting its stability and thereby stimulating DNA repair, genomic stability, and the proliferation of triple‐negative breast cancer cells."

reach
"Here, we demonstrated that the deubiquitinase USP15 interacts with and deubiquitinates PARP1 to promote its stability, thereby stimulating DNA repair, genomic stability and TNBC cell proliferation."

reach
"In addition, USP15 overexpression reversed the inhibited proliferation and migration ability of glioma cells induced by GINS1 silencing in U251 cells, whereas USP15 knockdown impaired the elevated proliferation and migration ability of glioma cells induced by GINS1 overexpression in A72 cells."

reach
"However, in Huh1 and HA22T cell lines, overexpression or knockout USP15 does not change the apoptosis rate of the two cell lines (Figure S5), which indicated that a high level of USP15 represses the proliferation of these cell lines."

reach
"Loss of Usp15 significantly increased proliferation of these KC cells (Fig. 2e), while it did not affect KPC cells (Supplementary Fig. 3e), presumably, because those cells are at the maximal proliferation rate."

reach
"In line with its haploinsufficient tumorigenic effect, heterozygous loss of Usp15 also significantly increased proliferation and sensitized to Olaparib treatment, but not as pronounced as complete Usp15 loss (Supplementary Fig. 4e and f)."

reach
"In addition, apoptosis induction and proliferation inhibition can be caused by downregulation of USP15 expression."

reach
"Whereas, knock-down of USP15 dramatically inhibited tumor cell proliferation evidenced by CCK8 and colony formation assays, within K1 and 8505 C, which both represent BRAF -mutated thyroid cancer cells [K1 represents PTC cells, 8505 C represents ATC cells] (Fig. 3a, b, Supplementary Fig. 2d−f)."

reach
"Notably, Fukushima et al. (2017) suggested that USP15 could inhibit the proliferation of the PCa cell line (PC-3)."

reach
"USP15 overexpression inhibits cell proliferation and growth in soft agar."
USP15 affects TRIM25
4 1 | 1 33 11
USP15 binds TRIM25.
4 | 9 11
4 | 9 7

sparser
"USP15 binds to TRIM25 in viral infections, detaching the K48-linked ubiquitin chains assembled by LUBAC on TRIM25, thereby stabilizing the TRIM25 protein levels and promoting a sustained antiviral response (Figure xref )."

No evidence text available

reach
"USP15 bound to TRIM25 specifically late during infection, removing Lys48 linked ubiquitin chains from TRIM25 and thus stabilizing it XREF_BIBR."

sparser
"Torre et al. validated a functional interaction of a complex of USP15 with TRIM25 in neuroinflammation by showing ECM resistance in double heterozygous Usp15 L749R/+ Trim25 +/− mice."

sparser
"Interestingly, it has been shown that HPV16 E6, but not E7, forms a complex with TRIM25 and its regulator ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 15 (USP15), inducing TRIM25 degradation [ xref ]."

reach
"For instance, USP15 interacts with and deubiquitinates TRIM25 when it is ubiquitinated by the E3 complex LUBAC."

reach
"USP15 physically interacts with TRIM25."

reach
"We first confirmed the physical interaction between TRIM25 and USP15 with coimmunoprecipitation experiments."

reach
"In contrast, USP15 substantially interacted with TRIM25 at later time points during SeV infection."

reach
"Consistently, there was increased binding of USP15 to TRIM25 in infected primary normal human lung fibroblasts (NHLFs), whereas the interaction was minimal in uninfected cells (XREF_SUPPLEMENTARY)."
E6 binds TRIM25 and USP15. 4 / 4
| 4

sparser
"Furthermore, HPV E6 protein forms a ternary complex with USP15 and TRIM25, resulting in the inhibition of immune surveillance and antiviral responses, thereby exhibiting a direct involvement in immune system regulation [ xref ]."

sparser
"Interestingly, it has been shown that HPV16 E6, but not E7, forms a complex with TRIM25 and its regulator ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 15 (USP15), inducing TRIM25 degradation [ xref ]."

sparser
"As TRIM25 protein stability is regulated by the balance between degradative K48-linked ubiquitination and USP15-mediated deubiquitination, the authors performed coimmunoprecipitation experiments in HEK 293T and cervical-carcinoma-derived C33a cells ectopically expressing FLAG-tagged E6 of HPV16, showing that E6 binds exogenous TRIM25 and USP15, giving rise to a ternary E6-TRIM25-USP15 complex."

sparser
"HPV E6 binds to both TRIM25 and USP15 when ectopically expressed or in natively HPV-infected cells."
USP15 deubiquitinates TRIM25.
1 | 14
USP15 deubiquitinates TRIM25. 10 / 15
1 | 14

reach
"Normally, USP15 deubiquitinates TRIM25 to maintain TRIM25 stability, enabling TRIM25 to effectively promote RIG-I ubiquitination and activation."

reach
"USP15 was originally identified as a DUB enzyme that interacts with TRIM25, serving to cleave the K48-ubiquitin chain that maintains TRIM25 in an inactive state; thus, de-ubiquitination of TRIM25 by USP15 potentiates TRIM25 dependent activation of RIG-I [XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"To induce this ubiquitination, TRIM25 must itself be deubiquitinated beforehand by the ubiquitin-specific protease, USP15 (Pauli et al., 2014)."

reach
"We found that upon binding to TRIM25, USP15 deubiquitylated TRIM25, which stabilized the protein and thereby led to a sustained RIG-I-dependent antiviral response (XREF_FIG)."

reach
"We next addressed whether USP15 deubiquitylated endogenous TRIM25 in the context of viral infection."

reach
"The USP15 deubiquitylates TRIM25 to prevent the degradation of TRIM25 ( Pauli et al., 2014 )."

reach
"In contrast, USP15 deubiquitylates TRIM25, preventing the LUBAC dependent degradation of TRIM25 [XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"The sfRNA of an epidemic DENV strain bound to TRIM25 in a sequence specific manner, and this interaction prevented TRIM25 deubiquitination and stabilization by USP15, thereby blunting the RIG-I-mediated IFN response [XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"Further, RIG-I can be ubiquitinated and activated by TRIM25, which, in turn, can be ubiquitinated and degraded by LUBAC (linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex) and deubiquitinated and stabilized by USP15 (XREF_FIG)."
USP15 activates TRIM25.
| 9
USP15 activates TRIM25. 9 / 12
| 9

reach
"Ubiquitin specific peptidase 15 (USP15) could enhance the stabilization of TRIM25 by counteracting its K48 linked ubiquitylation and thereby positively regulate the TRIM25-RIG-I signaling pathway."

reach
"On the other hand, USP4 and USP15 enhance the stability of RIG-I and TRIM25, respectively, by proteolytically cleaving K48 linked ubiquitylation from these molecules XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR."

reach
"In addition, the ectopic expression of USP15 enhances the TRIM25- and RIG-I-mediated production of type I IFN and thus suppresses RNA virus replication, whereas the depletion of USP15 causes decreased IFN production and markedly enhanced viral replication (85)."

reach
"Ubiquitin specific protease 15 (USP15) prevents LUBAC-dependent degradation of TRIM25 which also promotes RIG-I signaling pathways [151]."
| PMC

reach
"In contrast, endogenous TRIM25 protein abundance did not change in USP15 expressing cells, suggesting that USP15 prevented the degradation of TRIM25."

reach
"Deubiquitinase USP4 and USP15 can increase the stability of RIG-I and TRIM25 by decreasing their K48-linked ubiquitination (Wang et al., 2013; Pauli et al., 2014)."

reach
"Furthermore, ectopic expression of USP15 enhanced the TRIM25- and RIG-I-dependent production of type I IFN and suppressed RNA virus replication."

reach
"Through a combination of biochemical and molecular assays, we further found that USP15 removed Lys 48 -linked ubiquitin moieties from TRIM25, thereby preventing TRIM25 degradation by the proteasome."

reach
"Our study also revealed some of the details about how and when during viral infection USP15 modulates TRIM25 activity."
USP15 inhibits TRIM25.
| 1 1
USP15 inhibits TRIM25. 2 / 5
| 1 1

eidos
"The DENV and human papillomavirus Type 16 ( HPV16 ) suppress TRIM25 activity by USP15 to attenuate RIG-I signaling ."

reach
"During human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, the E6 oncoprotein interacts with TRIM25 and ubiquitin-specific peptidase 15 (USP15), which enhances TRIM25 degradation and subsequently inhibits RLR/MAVS signaling."
USP15 affects BARD1
2 | 18 35
USP15 binds BARD1.
2 | 7 35
2 | 7 35

sparser
"These results suggest that SART3 facilitates BARD1 deubiquitination via promoting USP15-BARD1 association, therefore leading to BRCA1/BARD1 retention, and eventually DNA end resection at DSBs."

reach
"Since USP15 interacts with BARD1 and this interaction is important for HR, we hypothesized that BARD1 is the prime target of USP15."

reach
"USP15 interacts with BARD1 via its C-terminal region."

reach
"As USP15 affects BARD1 recruitment to DSBs, we next examined whether USP15 could interact with BARD1."

reach
"Furthermore, the interaction between USP15 and BARD1 was confirmed by in vitro glutathione S-transferase (GST) pull-down assay."

reach
"USP15 deletion mutant (deletion residues 740-981) abolished the binding of USP15 with BARD1."

sparser
"Consistent with the previous study xref , CPT treatment enhanced the USP15-BARD1 association (Fig.  xref )."

sparser
"In addition, the YA1 mutant lost its ability to enhance the chromatin USP15-BARD1 interaction (Fig.  xref )."

sparser
"These data suggest that SART3 facilitates the USP15-BARD1 interaction and BRAD1 retention at DSBs."

sparser
"SART3 not only promotes DDX1 accumulation to facilitate timely removal of DNA‒RNA hybrids but also stimulates USP15-BARD1 interaction to enhance BARD1/BRCA1 retention at DSBs, thereby facilitating DNA end resection and HR (Fig.  xref )."
USP15 deubiquitinates BARD1.
| 9
USP15 deubiquitinates BARD1. 9 / 9
| 9

reach
"Other epigenetic modifications associated with PARPi resistance includ de-ubiquitination of the BARD1 BRCT1 domain by the USP15 enzyme (52)."

reach
"It is known that USP15, a SART3 binding partner, can deubiquitinate BARD1 to maintain BRCA1/BARD1 retention at DSBs, thereby promoting end resection ."

reach
"Given that USP15 can deubiquitinate BARD1 to maintain BRCA1/BARD1 retention at DSBs, we then explored the effect of SART3 on BARD1 deubiquitination and retention at DSBs."

reach
"Subsequently, USP15 deubiquitinates BARD1 BRCT domain, and promotes BARD1-HP1gamma interaction, resulting in BRCA1 and BARD1 retention at DSBs."

reach
"USP15 deubiquitinates BARD1 BRCT domain."

reach
"Because the C terminal of BARD1 is important for its functions in HR, we then investigated if USP15 deubiquitinates BARD1 BRCT domain in vitro and in vivo."

reach
"XREF_FIG, USP15 deubiquitinated the BRCT domain of BARD1 in vitro."

reach
"XREF_FIG, USP15 deubiquitinated BARD1 BRCT domain in vitro, and promoted BARD1-HP1gamma interaction."

reach
"Deubiquitination of BARD1 BRCT domain by USP15 assisted BRCA1 retention at DSBs and causes PARPi resistance [116]."
USP15 activates BARD1.
| 2
USP15 activates BARD1. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"USP15 promotes the retention of BARD1/BRCA1 which prevents the damaging terminal from resection."

reach
"Mechanistically, USP15 promotes BARD1 and BRCA1 retention at DBSs that facilitates DSB end resection."
USP15 affects TGFB
| 6 41
USP15 activates TGFB.
| 6 30
USP15 activates TGFB. 10 / 38
| 6 30

reach
"It has been shown that knockdown of USP15 in immortalized HaCaT keratinocytes can impair TGF-beta and Smad-dependent growth arrest."

reach
"The DUBs USP4, USP11, USP15, and UCH37 have previously been demonstrated to modulate TGF-beta pathway activity by directly deubiquitinating the TbetaRI, resulting in increased TbetaRI stability (XREF_FIG) XREF_BIBR XREF_BIBR XREF_BIBR XREF_BIBR."

reach
"USP15 is known to promote stabilization of the TGF-beta receptor and its downstream signal transducers, known as receptor activated SMADS (R-SMADS), thus empowering the TGF-beta signaling [XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"Mechanistically, we find that USP15 functions in a haploinsufficient manner and that loss of USP15 or SCAF1 leads to reduced inflammatory TNFalpha, TGF-beta and IL6 responses and increased sensitivity to PARP inhibition and Gemcitabine."

reach
"Mechanistically, USP15 can activate the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling pathway and promote the progression of advanced malignant glioma by combining the SMAD-specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2 complex and deubiquitinating and thus stabilizing the TGF b type I receptor[13]."

reach
"In this respect it is important to note that while functional linkage of USP4 to the TGF-beta and SMAD pathway was shown by employing a breast cancer model, USP15 can enhance the tumorigenic effect of TGF-beta in glioblastoma."

reach
"Conversely, the deubiquitylating enzyme USP15 reverses this modification and restores responsiveness to TGF-beta."

eidos
"USP15 Enhances TGF-beta Signaling by Deubiquitinating the Type I TGFbeta Receptor ALK5 The TGF-beta signaling pathway is involved in diverse cellular processes in both the developing embryo and the adult organism ; these processes include cell growth and differentiation , immune response , apoptosis , cellular homeostasis , wound healing , and many other functions ."

eidos
"Besides ALK3 , USP15 also interacts with and deubiquitinates monoubiquitinated R-SMADs , causing enhanced TGF-beta and BMP responses in both mammalian cells and Xenopus embryos ."

eidos
"USP15 stabilizes the TGF-beta receptor as well as its downstream signal transducers , the R-SMADs , and enhances TGF-beta activity ."
USP15 inhibits TGFB.
| 5
USP15 inhibits TGFB. 5 / 7
| 5

reach
"In this context, to achieve a certain biological outcome, the same DUB can regulate the pathway at different levels (e.g., USP15 and USP4 promote signaling by targeting the TGF-beta receptor and the effector SMADs) or multiple DUBs can act on the same target (e.g., USP15 and OTUB1 promote signaling through stabilizing R-SMADs)."

reach
"Thus, Scaf1 and Usp15 knockout cells share several alterations such as upregulated TNFα signaling and downregulated TGFβ, hedgehog and p53 signaling but also several distinct pathways."

reach
"Downregulation or inhibition of USP15 in a patient derived orthotopic mouse model of glioblastoma decreases TGF-beta activity."

reach
"Furthermore, either silencing TGFBR2 or USP15 or blocking activity of TGF-β signaling using LY2109761, a novel selective TGF-β receptor type I/II dual inhibitor (Melisi et al. 2008), differentially abrogated the stimulatory effect of MFSD4A-AS1 on invasive and migration abilities of PTC cells (Supplementary Fig. 6A and B)."

reach
"USP15 mediated activation of the TGF-beta pathway is inhibited by a catalytically inactive mutant of SMURF2."
USP15 deubiquitinates TGFB.
| 6
USP15 deubiquitinates TGFB. 6 / 6
| 6

reach
"USP15 binds to the SMAD7–SMAD E3 ligase complex and deubiquitinates and stabilizes the type I TGF-β receptor (TGFβR-I), leading to an enhanced TGF-β signal."

reach
"For example, they are involved in the TGF-beta signaling pathway; USP15 deubiquitinates and stabilizes TGF-beta receptor I or receptor activated SMADs, while USP4 regulates the signaling pathway of TGF-beta receptor I and is associated with a poor prognosis in breast cancer."

reach
"USP15 binds to the SMAD7-SMAD specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2 (SMURF2) complex and deubiquitinates and stabilizes type I TGF-beta receptor (TbetaR-I), leading to an enhanced TGF-beta signal."

reach
"Moreover, Seoane and colleagues reported that the USP15 gene is amplified in breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and glioblastoma, and that USP15 deubiquitinates and stabilizes type I TGFbeta receptor, thereby enhancing TGFbeta signaling and tumor growth [XREF_BIBR] (XREF_FIG)."

reach
"For example, the closely related DUBs USP4, USP11 and USP15 have been reported to modulate TGFbeta signalling by deubiquitylating the type I TGFbeta receptor ALK5 [XREF_BIBR - XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"USP15 in this trimeric complex deubiquitinates and stabilizes type 1 TGF-beta receptor, upregulating the TGF-beta signaling and providing a critically pathogenic factor for glioblastoma."
USP4 affects USP15
7 | 13 25
USP4 binds USP15.
7 | 11 25
7 | 10 14

reach
"Moreover, it was reported that Sart3, Usp4 and Usp15 form a complex in order to de-ubiquitinate Prp3 and Prp31 simultaneously."
| PMC

reach
"Furthermore, they demonstrate that AKT phosphorylation of USP4 enhances the binding of USP4 to USP15 and that overexpression of USP15 increases USP4 stability."

No evidence text available

sparser
"USP15 and USP4 form a complex with SART3."

sparser
"However, Tip110 was found to interact with and promote nuclear translocation of USP4 and USP15 but not USP11, and this is due to β-hairpin of the linker region of the DUSP and UBL domains of both USP4 and USP15 proteins that were associated with the HAT domain of Tip110 ( xref , xref , xref , xref ) In addition, the binding of USP15 to Tip110 is 20-fold stronger than USP4 ( xref )."

sparser
"We further investigated the possibility of USP15 interacting with other parts of USP4 using a GST-pull down assay."

sparser
"However, when full length USP4 synthesized with IVT/T was used, there was no binding ( xref ) suggesting that the interaction between USP15 and USP4 is indirect."

reach
"SART3 has been stated mostly as a U4/U6 recycling factor, but our data show that SART3 serves as a substrate targeting factor as well as acts as a platform for USP15 and USP4 binding."

sparser
"To examine the effect of endogenous SART3, the interaction between USP4 and USP15 was examined by immunoprecipitation after depletion of SART3 using siRNA."

sparser
"The depletion of SART3 hampered the interaction between USP15 and USP4 (Figure xref and  xref )."
USP15 binds SART3 and USP4. 6 / 6
| 1 5

sparser
"Consistent with our prediction, SART3 interacted with endogenous USP4 and USP15 (Figure xref )."

sparser
"We next examined whether SART3 forms a complex with USP15 and USP4 simultaneously using sequential immunoprecipitation."

reach
"Deubiquitination of PRP31 and PRP3 by the USP15, SART3, and USP4 complex decreases the affinity towards PRP8 and this regulation is important for the proper splicing of chromosome segregation related genes such as Bub1 and alpha-tubulin."

sparser
"Drugs interfering with the interaction between USP4 and USP15 and SART3 may selectively inhibit the DUB functions in the nucleus."
| PMC

sparser
"Moreover, as a substrate recruiting factor of USP15 either ( xref ; xref ), SART3 can simultaneously bind USP4 and USP15, serving as a platform to deubiquitinate PRP31 and PRP3 ( xref )."

sparser
"PRP31, a component of the U4 snRNP, is modified with K63-linked ubiquitin chains by the PRP19 complex and is deubiquitinated by the ternary complex of USP15, SART3, and USP4."
USP4 binds USP11 and USP15. 3 / 3
| 3

sparser
"USP15 forms a subfamily with USP4 and USP11 related through a shared presence of N-terminal "domain present in ubiquitin specific proteases" (DUSP) and "ubiquitin-like" (UBL) domains (DU subfamily)."

sparser
"Human deubiquitinase Usp15 forms a small subfamily with its close relatives Usp11 and Usp4, which all share a common domain architecture."

sparser
"USP4 can form stable homodimers and can also interact with USP11 and USP15 ( Fig. 4 )."
USP4 binds USP15 and BRAP. 3 / 3
| 3

sparser
"This reinforces the notion that although both USP4 and USP15 can interact with BRAP under certain experimental conditions, the USP15:BRAP rather than USP4:BRAP interaction may be of most relevance within a physiological setting."

sparser
"In summary, USP4 and USP15 interact with the coiled-coil domain of BRAP through their N-terminal regions, requiring a combination of DUSP and UBL domains ( xref C )."

sparser
"We turned to expression of epitope-tagged proteins to confirm the interactions of USP4 and USP15 with BRAP in the context of a mammalian cell system."
USP4 activates USP15.
| 2
USP4 activates USP15. 2 / 3
| 2

reach
"The overexpression of USP4 has been immunohistochemically detected in small cell tumors and adenocarcinomas, supporting the oncogenic potential of USP15 [XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"These data suggest that complex formation of USP15 and USP4 stimulates the enzymatic activity of USP15 and possibly USP4."
USP15 affects USP4
7 | 13 25
USP15 binds USP4.
7 | 11 25
7 | 10 14

reach
"Moreover, it was reported that Sart3, Usp4 and Usp15 form a complex in order to de-ubiquitinate Prp3 and Prp31 simultaneously."
| PMC

reach
"Furthermore, they demonstrate that AKT phosphorylation of USP4 enhances the binding of USP4 to USP15 and that overexpression of USP15 increases USP4 stability."

No evidence text available

sparser
"USP15 and USP4 form a complex with SART3."

sparser
"However, Tip110 was found to interact with and promote nuclear translocation of USP4 and USP15 but not USP11, and this is due to β-hairpin of the linker region of the DUSP and UBL domains of both USP4 and USP15 proteins that were associated with the HAT domain of Tip110 ( xref , xref , xref , xref ) In addition, the binding of USP15 to Tip110 is 20-fold stronger than USP4 ( xref )."

sparser
"We further investigated the possibility of USP15 interacting with other parts of USP4 using a GST-pull down assay."

sparser
"However, when full length USP4 synthesized with IVT/T was used, there was no binding ( xref ) suggesting that the interaction between USP15 and USP4 is indirect."

reach
"SART3 has been stated mostly as a U4/U6 recycling factor, but our data show that SART3 serves as a substrate targeting factor as well as acts as a platform for USP15 and USP4 binding."

sparser
"To examine the effect of endogenous SART3, the interaction between USP4 and USP15 was examined by immunoprecipitation after depletion of SART3 using siRNA."

sparser
"The depletion of SART3 hampered the interaction between USP15 and USP4 (Figure xref and  xref )."
USP15 binds SART3 and USP4. 6 / 6
| 1 5

sparser
"Consistent with our prediction, SART3 interacted with endogenous USP4 and USP15 (Figure xref )."

sparser
"We next examined whether SART3 forms a complex with USP15 and USP4 simultaneously using sequential immunoprecipitation."

reach
"Deubiquitination of PRP31 and PRP3 by the USP15, SART3, and USP4 complex decreases the affinity towards PRP8 and this regulation is important for the proper splicing of chromosome segregation related genes such as Bub1 and alpha-tubulin."

sparser
"Drugs interfering with the interaction between USP4 and USP15 and SART3 may selectively inhibit the DUB functions in the nucleus."
| PMC

sparser
"Moreover, as a substrate recruiting factor of USP15 either ( xref ; xref ), SART3 can simultaneously bind USP4 and USP15, serving as a platform to deubiquitinate PRP31 and PRP3 ( xref )."

sparser
"PRP31, a component of the U4 snRNP, is modified with K63-linked ubiquitin chains by the PRP19 complex and is deubiquitinated by the ternary complex of USP15, SART3, and USP4."
USP4 binds USP11 and USP15. 3 / 3
| 3

sparser
"USP15 forms a subfamily with USP4 and USP11 related through a shared presence of N-terminal "domain present in ubiquitin specific proteases" (DUSP) and "ubiquitin-like" (UBL) domains (DU subfamily)."

sparser
"Human deubiquitinase Usp15 forms a small subfamily with its close relatives Usp11 and Usp4, which all share a common domain architecture."

sparser
"USP4 can form stable homodimers and can also interact with USP11 and USP15 ( Fig. 4 )."
USP4 binds USP15 and BRAP. 3 / 3
| 3

sparser
"This reinforces the notion that although both USP4 and USP15 can interact with BRAP under certain experimental conditions, the USP15:BRAP rather than USP4:BRAP interaction may be of most relevance within a physiological setting."

sparser
"In summary, USP4 and USP15 interact with the coiled-coil domain of BRAP through their N-terminal regions, requiring a combination of DUSP and UBL domains ( xref C )."

sparser
"We turned to expression of epitope-tagged proteins to confirm the interactions of USP4 and USP15 with BRAP in the context of a mammalian cell system."
USP15 activates USP4.
| 2
USP15 activates USP4. 2 / 3
| 2

reach
"Furthermore, they demonstrate that AKT phosphorylation of USP4 enhances the binding of USP4 to USP15 and that overexpression of USP15 increases USP4 stability."

reach
"These data suggest that complex formation of USP15 and USP4 stimulates the enzymatic activity of USP15 and possibly USP4."
| 2 48
| 2 46

reach
"Herein, we found that USP-15 enhanced the cell stemness, migration, invasion, and EMT of CRC cells, and USP-15 knockdown led to the opposite results ( Figs."

reach
"On the other hand, SRSF1 is upregulated by high USP15 and USP4 that enhance cell proliferation and invasion (Fig. 7D)."

reach
"USP15 knockdown significantly inhibited cell proliferation, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of GC in vitro, while overexpression of USP15 promoted these processes."

reach
"Procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 2 (PLOD2) serves as a lysyl hydroxylase, which has been found to interact with USP15, which promotes CRC invasion and metastasis via activating the AKT/mTOR pathway [120] (Figure 6)."

reach
"USP15 promotes cell proliferation, invasion and EMT progression of GC via regulating the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway, which suggests that USP15 is a novel potential therapeutic target for GC."

reach
"USP15 promoted cell proliferation, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of GC cells in vitro and tumor growth in vivo."

reach
"USP15 promoted cell proliferation, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of GC cells in vitro and tumor growth in vivo."

reach
"Knockdown of USP15 inhibits cell proliferation, invasion, and EMT progression of GC in vitro."

reach
"As shown in Figure 2D and Figure 2E, USP15 silencing suppressed GC cell migration and invasion."

reach
"USP15 overexpression promotes cell proliferation, invasion, and EMT progression in GC."

reach
"HOXA3 or USP15 knockdown suppressed tumor growth and M2-type macrophage infiltration in vivo ."

reach
"On the other hand, high expression of USP15 is positively associated with the level of intratumoral infiltration of CD8 + T cells in TNBC, suggesting that high expression of USP15 induces infiltration[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"Western blotting and IHC assays showed that overexpression of USP15 induced downregulation of PD-L1 and increased CD8 + T cell infiltration ( Fig. 8 m and n)."

reach
"Zheng et al. suggested that the ectopic expression of USP15 could suppress GC cell growth, migration, and invasion through the deubiquitination of IκBα by the COP9 signalosome (CSN) complex, thereby hindering NF-κB activity [40,142]."

reach
"Zhong et al. have validated that the loss of USP-15 markedly suppresses the EMT and invasion of gastric cancer cells [38] ."
USP15 affects TP53
2 | 33 8
USP15 binds TP53.
2 | 9 8
2 | 9 6

sparser
"In this study, we have demonstrated that USP15 binds to p53 ( xref )."

No evidence text available

reach
"In this study, we have demonstrated that USP15 binds to p53 (XREF_FIG)."

reach
"Recently, it has been demonstrated that USP15 binds to and stabilizes the transcription factor p53 [89]."

sparser
"PADI4 is a p53-binding protein which regulates the expression of p53 target genes. xref We wished to determine whether USP15 also binds to p53."

sparser
"The interaction between USP15 and p53 was verified by GST pull-down assays."

sparser
"The GST-USP15:His 6 -p53 complex co-precipitated by glutathione-Sepharose, suggesting that USP15 directly associates with p53 ( xref )."

sparser
"USP15 binding to p53 in cells was also confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation ( xref ), suggesting that USP15 forms a complex with p53."

sparser
"Taken together, the results suggest that USP15 can bind to p53 and regulate its stability."

reach
"In the current study, we identify that USP15 binds to and stabilizes p53 through deubiquitination in U2OS and HEK293 cells."
USP15 binds TP53 and MDM2. 2 / 2
| 2

sparser
"These results suggest that USP15 physically interacts with MDM2 in a p53-independent manner."

sparser
"Although MDM2 and p53 interact with the different regions of USP15, USP15/p53/MDM2 cannot form a ternary complex."
USP15 activates TP53.
| 12
USP15 activates TP53. 10 / 11
| 10

reach
"Additionally, TIFAB has been shown to regulate USP15-mediated p53 signaling in stressed and malignant hematopoiesis (65)."

reach
"USP15 knockdown disrupted p53 stability and p21 synthesis mediated by TGF-beta, indicating that TGF-beta modulated p53 stability through upregulation of USP15 synthesis (XREF_FIG)."

reach
"USP15 can stabilize p53 through deubiquitination (XREF_FIG) and upregulate the p53 transcriptional activity, in turn promoting the expression of p21 (XREF_FIG)."

reach
"Our results confirmed a previous report that overexpression of USP15 can upregulate the transcriptional activity of p53."

reach
"Western blot analysis indicated that overexpression of Flag-USP15 increased the stability of p53, in turn leading to an increased expression of p21, a p53 regulated target gene (XREF_FIG)."

reach
"29 USP15 knockdown abolished p53 stabilization by TGF-beta signaling (XREF_FIG) and suppressed the transcriptional activity of p53 (XREF_FIG)."

reach
"Overexpression of USP15 increased the half-life of endogenous p53, but overexpression of the inactive USP15 C269S failed to increase the half-life of p53 (XREF_FIG)."

reach
"We also found that coexpression of USP15 and SART3 up-regulated the p53 protein in HCT116 cells (Fig. 5C)."

reach
"Conversely, whereas USP4 and USP15 target p53 inhibiting ligases ARF-BP1 [XREF_BIBR] and MDM2 [XREF_BIBR], respectively, USP11 stabilizes p53 [XREF_BIBR] as well as several other tumor suppressors including PML [XREF_BIBR], BRCA2 [XREF_BIBR] and Mre11 complex members MRE11 & RAD50 [XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"Crucially, ectopic expression of either p53 R175H or USP15 promoted p53 triggered apoptosis in human cervical cancer cells."
USP15-C269S activates TP53. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"Overexpression of USP15 increased the half-life of endogenous p53, but overexpression of the inactive USP15 C269S failed to increase the half-life of p53 (XREF_FIG)."

reach
"Overexpression of an inactive USP15 C269S did not increase the stability of p53 (XREF_FIG)."
USP15 inhibits TP53.
| 4
USP15 inhibits TP53. 4 / 4
| 4

reach
"In addition, USP15 can negatively regulate the function of p53 through affecting de-ubiquitination and stabilizing MDM2."

reach
"Conversely, increased TIFAB suppresses p53, promoting leukemia cell function through enhanced activity of the ubiquitin-specific peptidase 15."

reach
"Conversely, downregulation of HOXA9 by RelB and upregulation of HOXA9 by RelA (Figure 1D) suggest that non-canonical and canonical signaling differentially regulate Hoxa9 expression.TIFAB has recently been shown to increase leukemia progenitor cell functions through regulation of ubiquitin-specific peptidase 15 ubiquitin hydrolase activity to repress p53 (Niederkorn et al., 2020b)."

reach
"Thus, Scaf1 and Usp15 knockout cells share several alterations such as upregulated TNFα signaling and downregulated TGFβ, hedgehog and p53 signaling but also several distinct pathways."
USP15 deubiquitinates TP53.
| 4
USP15 deubiquitinates TP53. 4 / 4
| 4

reach
"The mechanism for USP15 to block p53 ubiquitination mediated by MDM2 was analyzed."

reach
"Whereas, USP15 deubiquitinates and stabilizes another p53 ubiquitin ligase, Mdm2, followed by a degradation of p53 [ 25 ]."

reach
"To examine whether USP15 can deubiquitinate p53, the effect of USP15 on p53 that had been ubiquitinated by overexpressed MDM2 was determined."

reach
"USP15 deubiquitinates p53."
USP15 increases the amount of TP53.
| 2
Modified USP15 increases the amount of TP53. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"In addition, co-overexpression of shRNA-insensitive USP15 cDNA in USP15 knockdowned cells can increase the levels of the recombinant USP15 and, in turn, upregulate the levels of the cellular p53 (XREF_FIG)."

reach
"However, co-overexpression of USP15 in the p53 knockdowned cells can increase the levels of p53 (XREF_FIG)."
USP15 decreases the amount of TP53.
| 2
USP15 decreases the amount of TP53. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"USP15 can stabilize MDM2 and negatively regulate the protein level of p53, and inactivation of USP15 can induce tumor apoptosis and improve the antitumor T-cell response[14]."

reach
"Nevertheless, considering that USP15 maintains MDM2 protein level and negatively regulates p53 dependent gene transcription and apoptosis in cancer cells, USP15 may represent an excellent drug target for efficient cancer therapy [XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR]."
BARD1 affects USP15
2 | 7 35
2 | 7 35

sparser
"These results suggest that SART3 facilitates BARD1 deubiquitination via promoting USP15-BARD1 association, therefore leading to BRCA1/BARD1 retention, and eventually DNA end resection at DSBs."

reach
"Since USP15 interacts with BARD1 and this interaction is important for HR, we hypothesized that BARD1 is the prime target of USP15."

reach
"USP15 interacts with BARD1 via its C-terminal region."

reach
"As USP15 affects BARD1 recruitment to DSBs, we next examined whether USP15 could interact with BARD1."

reach
"Furthermore, the interaction between USP15 and BARD1 was confirmed by in vitro glutathione S-transferase (GST) pull-down assay."

reach
"USP15 deletion mutant (deletion residues 740-981) abolished the binding of USP15 with BARD1."

sparser
"Consistent with the previous study xref , CPT treatment enhanced the USP15-BARD1 association (Fig.  xref )."

sparser
"In addition, the YA1 mutant lost its ability to enhance the chromatin USP15-BARD1 interaction (Fig.  xref )."

sparser
"These data suggest that SART3 facilitates the USP15-BARD1 interaction and BRAD1 retention at DSBs."

sparser
"SART3 not only promotes DDX1 accumulation to facilitate timely removal of DNA‒RNA hybrids but also stimulates USP15-BARD1 interaction to enhance BARD1/BRCA1 retention at DSBs, thereby facilitating DNA end resection and HR (Fig.  xref )."
USP15 affects MDM2
1 1 | 23 5
USP15 binds MDM2.
1 | 3 5
1 | 3 3

sparser
"USP15 physically interacts with MDM2 and inhibits the ubiquitination and degradation of MDM2."

reach
"First, USP15 interacts with MDM2, inhibits ubiquitination, and stabilizes MDM2, an important E3 ligase that mediates the ubiquitination and proteolysis of NFATc2 members of the NFAT family and negatively regulates TCR signals."

sparser
"When co-expressed in HEK293 cells, USP15 interacted with MDM2, as detected by co-IP assays ( xref )."

sparser
"First, USP15 interacts with MDM2, inhibits ubiquitination, and stabilizes MDM2, an important E3 ligase that mediates the ubiquitination and proteolysis of NFATc2 members of the NFAT family and negatively regulates TCR signals."

reach
"When co-expressed in HEK293 cells, USP15 interacted with MDM2, as detected by co-IP assays (XREF_FIG)."

reach
"These results suggest that USP15 physically interacts with MDM2 in a p53 independent manner."

No evidence text available
USP15 binds TP53 and MDM2. 2 / 2
| 2

sparser
"These results suggest that USP15 physically interacts with MDM2 in a p53-independent manner."

sparser
"Although MDM2 and p53 interact with the different regions of USP15, USP15/p53/MDM2 cannot form a ternary complex."
USP15 activates MDM2.
| 7
USP15 activates MDM2. 7 / 10
| 7

reach
"We found that USP15 mediates the stability of MDM2 in both T cells and cancer cells."

reach
"Notably, USP15 enhances the protein stability of MDM2, which subsequently inhibits T cell activation by facilitating the degradation of the transcription factor NFATc2, thereby suppressing anti-tumor T cell responses (Zou et al., 2014)."

reach
"In both activated T cells and cancer cells, loss of USP15 caused MDM2 degradation."

reach
"The expression of TIFAB in HSCs allows the signaling of USP15 to different substrates, including MDM2 and KEAP1, leading to a decrease in TP53 expression, which may consequently promote leukemic transformation."

reach
"Because of the ubiquitin dependent degradation, together with TCR and CD28 stimulation, MDM2 can be transiently down-regulated, and the loss of USP15 greatly promotes the degradation of MDM2 in T cells."

reach
"We next examined whether USP15 directly targets MDM2."

reach
"These results suggest that USP15 prevents the ubiquitin dependent degradation of MDM2 in activated T cells."
USP15 deubiquitinates MDM2.
1 | 7
USP15 deubiquitinates MDM2. 8 / 8
1 | 7

reach
"Considering the USP15-MDM2 direct association and the role of USP15 in stabilizing MDM2 and inhibiting MDM2 ubiquitination in activated T cells (XREF_FIG), we examined whether USP15 directly deubiquitinates MDM2."

reach
"By specifically antagonizing MDM2 auto-ubiquitination, the DUB USP15 prevents NFATc2 dependent gene activation, including IFN-gamma production."

reach
"USP15 deubiquitylates MDM2, an E3 ligase that ubiquitylates and degrades P53 as well as NFATc2."

reach
"USP15 deficiency enhances NFATc2 activation in naive CD4 T cells, because USP15 deubiquitinates and stabilizes the E3 ubiquitin ligase MDM2, which negatively regulates NFATc2 activation and cytokine i[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"In melanoma and colorectal cell lines, deletion of USP15 induces MDM2 auto-ubiquitination and degradation and USP15 negatively regulates the T-cell transcription factor NFATc2 by decreasing MDM2 auto-ubiquitination and degradation, thereby inhibiting T-cell proliferation and activation (Fig. 2C).35However, MDM2 inhibits T cell apoptosis and promotes T cell proliferation and activation."

reach
"Under normal condition, a DUB, Usp15, deubiquitinates MDM2 to inhibit MDM2 degradation, thereby negatively regulating the generation of IFN-gamma-producing Th1 effector T cells."

reach
"Murine double minute 2 (MDM2), a well-known negative modulator of p53 [71], can be deubiquitinated by USP15 to degrade nuclear factor of activated T cells c2 (NFATc2), which is crucial for T-cell-related cytokine (e.g., IL-2 and IFN-γ) expression (Fig. 2)."
USP15 inhibits MDM2.
| 4
USP15 inhibits MDM2. 4 / 7
| 4

reach
"Such suicidal MDM2 auto-ubiquination can be blocked by USP15 deubiquitinase that prevents activation of NFATc2 mediated cytokine expression such as production of IFNgamma by Th1 effector T cells.Culli[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"USP15 negatively regulates T cell activation by stabilizing E3 ubiquitin ligase MDM2 that promotes ubiquitin dependent degradation of NFATc2."

reach
"In resting T cells, MDM2 was stable even in the absence of USP15; however, the TCR+CD 28 signals stimulated ubiquitin dependent degradation of MDM2, which was negatively regulated by USP15."

reach
"Conversely, whereas USP4 and USP15 target p53 inhibiting ligases ARF-BP1 [XREF_BIBR] and MDM2 [XREF_BIBR], respectively, USP11 stabilizes p53 [XREF_BIBR] as well as several other tumor suppressors including PML [XREF_BIBR], BRCA2 [XREF_BIBR] and Mre11 complex members MRE11 & RAD50 [XREF_BIBR]."
USP15 ubiquitinates MDM2.
| 2
Modified USP15 leads to the ubiquitination of MDM2. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"Loss of USP15 in melanoma and colorectal cell lines caused spontaneous ubiquitination and degradation of MDM2, suggesting that the amount of MDM2 in cancer cells is maintained by a dynamic balance between ubiquitination and deubiquitination."

reach
"In colorectal cell lines, loss of USP15 caused ubiquitination and degradation of MDM2, which indicated that the amount of MDM2 is maintained by the dynamic balance between ubiquitination and deubiquitination XREF_BIBR."
USP15 affects SMURF2
3 1 | 14 14
USP15 binds SMURF2.
3 | 7 14
3 | 7 5

sparser
"USP15 can bind SMURF2 to deubiquitinate the TGF-β type I receptor and thus affect tumor development ( xref )."

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

reach
"USP15 can bind SMURF2 to deubiquitinate the TGF-β type I receptor and thus affect tumor development (42)."

sparser
"USP15 binds to Smurf2 complex and deubiquitinates and stabilizes TRβ1, and that apparently leads to boosting of TGF-β-mediated signaling."

sparser
"USP15 binds to the SMURF2 complex and prevents ubiquitination of the TGF-β receptor resulting in elevated TGF-β signaling."

reach
"Using a functional genetic screen we have previously found that USP15 forms a complex with SMAD7 and SMURF2 and is recruited to the TGF-beta receptor complex, where it deubiquitinates and stabilizes TbetaRI XREF_BIBR."

reach
"Initially, we tested if mutated SMURF2 could form complexes with both SMAD7 and USP15."

sparser
"The antagonistic actions between ubiquitin ligases and DUBs are responsible for protein homeostasis as exemplified that USP13-FBXL14 regulated reversible ubiquitination of c-Myc in glioblastoma stem cells [ xref ], and USP15-SMURF2 cooperatively modulated TGF-β receptor in glioblastoma [ xref ]."

reach
"As shown in XREF_FIG, mutated SMURF2 bound to both USP15 and SMAD7 to the same degree as wild type SMURF2."
| 9

sparser
"Using a functional genetic screen we have previously found that USP15 forms a complex with SMAD7 and SMURF2 and is recruited to the TGF-β receptor complex, where it deubiquitinates and stabilizes TβRI xref ."

sparser
"USP15 binds to the Smad7SMURF2 complex, which recruits USP15 to TGFβ receptor I and stabilizes it without direct binding [ xref ]."

sparser
"USP15 binds to the SMAD7-SMAD specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2 (SMURF2) complex and deubiquitinates and stabilizes type I TGF-β receptor (TβR-I), leading to an enhanced TGF-β signal."

sparser
"USP15 forms a complex with SMAD7 and SMURF2 and opposes the SMURF2-mediated ubiquitination of TβRI when the level of active TGF-β is low [ xref ]."

sparser
"Initially, we tested if mutated SMURF2 could form complexes with both SMAD7 and USP15."

sparser
"On the contrary, when the level of TGF β in the body is too low, USP15 associates with smad7 and smurf2 to form a complex to deubiquitinate the type I TGF β receptor and further increase the expression level of the intracellular signaling of TGF β [ xref , xref ]."

sparser
"As shown in xref , mutated SMURF2 bound to both USP15 and SMAD7 to the same degree as wild type SMURF2."

sparser
"At the receptor level USP15 forms a complex with SMAD7 and SMURF2 with USP15 opposing the effects of the SMURF2 ligase on TβR stabilization ."

sparser
"USP15 binds to the Smad7-Smurf2 complex and, like USP4 and USP11, deubiquitinates the TGF-β type I receptor, thereby maintaining the stability of this receptor and enhancing TGF-β signalling."
USP15 deubiquitinates SMURF2.
1 | 7
USP15 deubiquitinates SMURF2. 8 / 8
1 | 7

reach
"Here, we demonstrate that apart from targeting the TbetaR complex directly, USP15 also deubiquitinates SMURF2 resulting in enhanced TbetaR stability and downstream pathway activation."

reach
"We now establish that USP15 also directly deubiquitinates the E3 ligase SMURF2, opposing the activity of SMURF2 towards the TbetaR complex."

reach
"In light of the data presented so far we reasoned that USP15 may also directly deubiquitinate SMURF2."

reach
"To see if USP15 deubiquitinated SMURF2 in vitro, we purified USP15 and Ub-SMURF2 from extracts of HEK293T cells and proteins were mixed under conditions supporting SMURF2 deubiquitination."

reach
"Our results indicate that USP15 directly deubiquitinates SMURF2 potentially resulting in the inhibition of SMURF2 catalytic activity."

reach
"Additionally, USP15 can deubiquitinate the E3 ligase SMURF2."

reach
"Eichhorn and co-workers found that USP15 not only targets the TGF-beta type I receptor complex but also deubiquitinates Smurf2."

"<span class="match term0">USP15</span> regulates <span class="match term1">SMURF2</span> kinetics through C-lobe mediated deubiquitination"
USP15 affects RIGI
2 1 | 18 6
USP15 binds RIGI.
2 | 5 6
2 | 5 6

reach
"We also examined the specificity of the association between USP15 and RIG-I."

sparser
"We also identified the domains of RIG-I responsible for the RIG-IUSP15 interaction."

reach
"Together, these results demonstrate that USP15 and RIG-I form a complex through the UCH domain of USP15, and that the N-terminal CARD domain and the C-terminal domain of RIG-I both bind to USP15."

sparser
"Together, these results demonstrate that USP15 and RIG-I form a complex through the UCH domain of USP15, and that the N-terminal CARD domain and the C-terminal domain of RIG-I both bind to USP15."

sparser
"We used a coimmunoprecipitation experiment to map the domain of USP15 that facilitates its interaction with RIG-I. As demonstrated in xref , RIG-I interacted with USP15-WT and the C-terminal UCH domain (USP15-C250), but not with the N-terminal DUSP domain (USP15-N249)."

sparser
"Our result showed that the presence of GST-RIG-I-N retained USP15 C250 ( xref ), indicating that the interaction of RIG-I with USP15 is due to a direct physical association."

reach
"We hypothesized that USP15 interacts with RIG-I and the interaction is independent of the DUB activity, and the coimmunoprecipitation assay proved the credibility."

reach
"Mechanistically, the interaction between RIG-I and USP15 suggests the model that USP15 prevents the access of a downstream target to the RIG-I complex."

reach
"The second possibility is that USP15 interacts with RIG-I to reduce IPS-1-RIG-I binding."

sparser
"We hypothesized that USP15 interacts with RIG-I and the interaction is independent of the DUB activity, and the coimmunoprecipitation assay proved the credibility."
USP15 activates RIGI.
| 4
USP15 activates RIGI. 4 / 7
| 4

reach
"In contrast, USP4 and USP15 enhance the stability of RIG-I by hydrolyzing the K48-linked ubiquitin chain and exerting a positive regulatory effect ."

reach
"On the other hand, USP4 and USP15 enhance the stability of RIG-I and TRIM25, respectively, by proteolytically cleaving K48 linked ubiquitylation from these molecules XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR."

reach
"Deubiquitinase USP4 and USP15 can increase the stability of RIG-I and TRIM25 by decreasing their K48-linked ubiquitination (Wang et al., 2013; Pauli et al., 2014)."

reach
"In contrast, USP4 and USP15 enhance the stability of RIG-I by reducing K48-linked ubiquitylation."
USP15 inhibits RIGI.
| 3
USP15 inhibits RIGI. 3 / 5
| 3

reach
"The knockdown of USP15 increases RIG-I K63 linked polyubiquitination, enhancing the IFN production, whereas the overexpression of USP15 decreases the type I IFN by blocking the transcription of IFN-beta in HEK293T infected with SeV."

reach
"USP21 and USP15 remove K63 linked polyubiquitin chains from RIG-I and block the ability of RIG-I to induce IFN-beta XREF_BIBR XREF_BIBR."

reach
"In particular, USP3, USP21, USP25 and USP15 have all been shown to directly inhibit RIG-I."
USP15 deubiquitinates RIGI.
1 | 4
USP15 deubiquitinates RIGI. 5 / 5
1 | 4

"<span class="match term0">USP15</span> specifically removed lysine 63-linked polyubiquitin chains from <span class="match term1">RIG-I</span> among the essential components in <span class="match term1">RIG-I</span>-like receptor-dependent pathway"

reach
"Along a similar research line, our study showed that miR-26a serves as a potent positive regulator of IFN responses, highlighting the potential that miR-26a or its mimics can be further explored as a broad antiviral agent.On the other hand, in our study, we found that USP15 suppressed the type I interferon signaling by removing K63-linked of RIG-I ubiquitination, which is consistent with one previous research (24) but contrary with the results described in Pauli’s paper (37)."

reach
"For example, TNFAIP3, CYLD, USP3, USP4, USP15, USP25, and OTUD5 deubiquitinate key components of the IFN production pathway, including RIG-I, TRAF2, TRAF3, TRAF6, RIP1, and TRIF (reviewed in [93,94])."

reach
"USP15 specifically deubiquitinates RIG-I by direct physical association and does not interact with other signaling mediators like interferon-beta promoter stimulator 1 (IPS-1), TRAF3, and TBK1 in HEK293 cells."

reach
"Coimmunoprecipitation analysis showed that compared with control siRNA transfected cells, knockdown of USP15 substantially increased RIG-I polyubiquitination in WT ubiquitin and mutant Lys63 transfected cells (XREF_FIG)."
USP15 ubiquitinates RIGI.
| 2
USP15 leads to the ubiquitination of RIGI. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"USP15 mediated GLTSCR2 removal of RIG-I ubiquitination."

reach
"Normally, USP15 deubiquitinates TRIM25 to maintain TRIM25 stability, enabling TRIM25 to effectively promote RIG-I ubiquitination and activation."
USP15 affects SMAD7
3 | 9 17
USP15 binds SMAD7.
3 | 7 17
3 | 6 7

sparser
"Thus, the intensity of TGF-β could directly influence the formation of the USP15-SMAD7 complex."

reach
"TGF-β activity in GBM is modulated by several deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs); first, it was described that TGF-β activity could be enhanced due to the amplification of a deubiquitinating enzyme, USP15, which binds to the SMAD7–SMURF2 complex and stabilizes type I TGF-β receptors, resulting in enhanced TGF-β signaling."

No evidence text available

sparser
"USP15 directly interacts with SMAD7 and other SMAD family members to deubiquitinate and stabilize type 1 TGF-β receptors, promoting TGF-β signaling ( xref , xref )."

sparser
"Similar to TGF-β type I receptor associated with USP15, rather than binding to the receptor directly, USP15 binds to the receptor by SMAD7, a scaffold that also recruits SMAD-specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2 (SMURF2)."

reach
"Moreover, Smad7 can simultaneously bind Smurf2 and the protein deubiquitinase USP15, recruiting both enzymes to the TGF-beta receptor complex for an integrated control of receptor polyubiquitination as a function of ligand concentration."

reach
"USP15 binds to the SMAD7–SMAD E3 ligase complex and deubiquitinates and stabilizes the type I TGF-β receptor (TGFβR-I), leading to an enhanced TGF-β signal."

reach
"Combined with the above results showing that USP15 forms a complex with SMAD7, we hypothesized that USP15 could be recruited to TBR1 by SMAD7."

sparser
"Combined with the above results showing that USP15 forms a complex with SMAD7, we hypothesized that USP15 could be recruited to TBR1 by SMAD7."

sparser
"USP15 also binds to SMAD7, forming a complex with SMURF2 that negatively regulates TGF-β."
| 9

sparser
"Using a functional genetic screen we have previously found that USP15 forms a complex with SMAD7 and SMURF2 and is recruited to the TGF-β receptor complex, where it deubiquitinates and stabilizes TβRI xref ."

sparser
"USP15 binds to the Smad7SMURF2 complex, which recruits USP15 to TGFβ receptor I and stabilizes it without direct binding [ xref ]."

sparser
"USP15 binds to the SMAD7-SMAD specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2 (SMURF2) complex and deubiquitinates and stabilizes type I TGF-β receptor (TβR-I), leading to an enhanced TGF-β signal."

sparser
"USP15 forms a complex with SMAD7 and SMURF2 and opposes the SMURF2-mediated ubiquitination of TβRI when the level of active TGF-β is low [ xref ]."

sparser
"Initially, we tested if mutated SMURF2 could form complexes with both SMAD7 and USP15."

sparser
"On the contrary, when the level of TGF β in the body is too low, USP15 associates with smad7 and smurf2 to form a complex to deubiquitinate the type I TGF β receptor and further increase the expression level of the intracellular signaling of TGF β [ xref , xref ]."

sparser
"As shown in xref , mutated SMURF2 bound to both USP15 and SMAD7 to the same degree as wild type SMURF2."

sparser
"At the receptor level USP15 forms a complex with SMAD7 and SMURF2 with USP15 opposing the effects of the SMURF2 ligase on TβR stabilization ."

sparser
"USP15 binds to the Smad7-Smurf2 complex and, like USP4 and USP11, deubiquitinates the TGF-β type I receptor, thereby maintaining the stability of this receptor and enhancing TGF-β signalling."
| 1 1

sparser
"For example, the binding of USP15 to the SMAD7-specific E3 ubiquitin ligase 2 (SMURF2) complex results in the deubiquitination and stabilization of TGF-β receptor 1 (TβRI) and promotes TGF-β activity."

reach
"USP15 binds to the SMAD7–SMAD-specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2 (SMURF2) complex, and deubiquitylates and stabilizes the type I TGFβ receptor, leading to enhanced TGFβ signalling."
USP15 deubiquitinates SMAD7.
| 2
USP15 deubiquitinates SMAD7. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"UCHL37, USP11, and USP15 de-ubiquitinate TbetaRI, XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR while USP15, CYLD, and USP9X target SMAD4 or SMAD7."

reach
"27 Previous studies have confirmed that USP15 can also deubiquitinate and stabilize TBR1 in an SMAD7-dependent manner."
USP15 affects E6
9 3 | 10 10
USP15 binds E6.
9 3 | 4 10
8 2 | 4 6

sparser
"This study did not identify any effects of the E6-USP15 interaction on p53 signaling pathway [ xref ]."

No evidence text available

sparser
"In addition, a recent study has found that the interaction between USP15 and E6 contributes to viral immune evasion by suppressing RIG-I-mediated immune activation ( xref ), suggesting a complex relationship between the viral oncoprotein and host factors."

sparser
"The Gaussia princeps luciferase protein complementation assay shows that USP15 interacts with the key oncoprotein human papillomavirus (HPV) E6, while USP29 and USP33 bind to E7 protein, suggesting that cellular DUBs impact HPV tumorigenesis by regulating the stability of the viral proteins [ xref ]."

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

sparser
"This study focuses on the functional consequences of the interaction of E6 with USP15."

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
E6 binds TRIM25 and USP15. 4 / 4
| 4

sparser
"Furthermore, HPV E6 protein forms a ternary complex with USP15 and TRIM25, resulting in the inhibition of immune surveillance and antiviral responses, thereby exhibiting a direct involvement in immune system regulation [ xref ]."

sparser
"Interestingly, it has been shown that HPV16 E6, but not E7, forms a complex with TRIM25 and its regulator ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 15 (USP15), inducing TRIM25 degradation [ xref ]."

sparser
"As TRIM25 protein stability is regulated by the balance between degradative K48-linked ubiquitination and USP15-mediated deubiquitination, the authors performed coimmunoprecipitation experiments in HEK 293T and cervical-carcinoma-derived C33a cells ectopically expressing FLAG-tagged E6 of HPV16, showing that E6 binds exogenous TRIM25 and USP15, giving rise to a ternary E6-TRIM25-USP15 complex."

sparser
"HPV E6 binds to both TRIM25 and USP15 when ectopically expressed or in natively HPV-infected cells."
1 1 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
USP15 increases the amount of E6.
| 4
USP15 increases the amount of E6. 4 / 4
| 4

reach
"Overexpression of USP15 resulted in increased levels of the E6 protein, and the small interfering RNA mediated knockdown of USP15 decreased E6 protein levels."

reach
"Moreover, siRNA-mediated knockdown of USP15 and USP11 independently reduced E6 and E7 protein levels, respectively, underscoring the therapeutic potential of targeting both viral and host-driven mechanisms."

reach
"Knockdown of USP15 by siRNA approach demonstrated that silencing of USP15 decreases the protein levels of E6 significantly."

reach
"Our results indicate that USP15 could increase the level of HPV16 E6 by inhibiting E6 degradation."
USP15 activates E6.
| 2
USP15 activates E6. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"In addition, HPV16 E6 mRNA was not induced by USP15; therefore, HPV16 E6 appears to be post-translationally regulated."

reach
"USP15 inhibited the degradation of HPV16 E6 in dose dependent manner."
SMAD7 affects USP15
3 | 7 17
3 | 6 7

sparser
"Thus, the intensity of TGF-β could directly influence the formation of the USP15-SMAD7 complex."

reach
"TGF-β activity in GBM is modulated by several deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs); first, it was described that TGF-β activity could be enhanced due to the amplification of a deubiquitinating enzyme, USP15, which binds to the SMAD7–SMURF2 complex and stabilizes type I TGF-β receptors, resulting in enhanced TGF-β signaling."

No evidence text available

sparser
"USP15 directly interacts with SMAD7 and other SMAD family members to deubiquitinate and stabilize type 1 TGF-β receptors, promoting TGF-β signaling ( xref , xref )."

sparser
"Similar to TGF-β type I receptor associated with USP15, rather than binding to the receptor directly, USP15 binds to the receptor by SMAD7, a scaffold that also recruits SMAD-specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2 (SMURF2)."

reach
"Moreover, Smad7 can simultaneously bind Smurf2 and the protein deubiquitinase USP15, recruiting both enzymes to the TGF-beta receptor complex for an integrated control of receptor polyubiquitination as a function of ligand concentration."

reach
"USP15 binds to the SMAD7–SMAD E3 ligase complex and deubiquitinates and stabilizes the type I TGF-β receptor (TGFβR-I), leading to an enhanced TGF-β signal."

reach
"Combined with the above results showing that USP15 forms a complex with SMAD7, we hypothesized that USP15 could be recruited to TBR1 by SMAD7."

sparser
"Combined with the above results showing that USP15 forms a complex with SMAD7, we hypothesized that USP15 could be recruited to TBR1 by SMAD7."

sparser
"USP15 also binds to SMAD7, forming a complex with SMURF2 that negatively regulates TGF-β."
| 9

sparser
"Using a functional genetic screen we have previously found that USP15 forms a complex with SMAD7 and SMURF2 and is recruited to the TGF-β receptor complex, where it deubiquitinates and stabilizes TβRI xref ."

sparser
"USP15 binds to the Smad7SMURF2 complex, which recruits USP15 to TGFβ receptor I and stabilizes it without direct binding [ xref ]."

sparser
"USP15 binds to the SMAD7-SMAD specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2 (SMURF2) complex and deubiquitinates and stabilizes type I TGF-β receptor (TβR-I), leading to an enhanced TGF-β signal."

sparser
"USP15 forms a complex with SMAD7 and SMURF2 and opposes the SMURF2-mediated ubiquitination of TβRI when the level of active TGF-β is low [ xref ]."

sparser
"Initially, we tested if mutated SMURF2 could form complexes with both SMAD7 and USP15."

sparser
"On the contrary, when the level of TGF β in the body is too low, USP15 associates with smad7 and smurf2 to form a complex to deubiquitinate the type I TGF β receptor and further increase the expression level of the intracellular signaling of TGF β [ xref , xref ]."

sparser
"As shown in xref , mutated SMURF2 bound to both USP15 and SMAD7 to the same degree as wild type SMURF2."

sparser
"At the receptor level USP15 forms a complex with SMAD7 and SMURF2 with USP15 opposing the effects of the SMURF2 ligase on TβR stabilization ."

sparser
"USP15 binds to the Smad7-Smurf2 complex and, like USP4 and USP11, deubiquitinates the TGF-β type I receptor, thereby maintaining the stability of this receptor and enhancing TGF-β signalling."
| 1 1

sparser
"For example, the binding of USP15 to the SMAD7-specific E3 ubiquitin ligase 2 (SMURF2) complex results in the deubiquitination and stabilization of TGF-β receptor 1 (TβRI) and promotes TGF-β activity."

reach
"USP15 binds to the SMAD7–SMAD-specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2 (SMURF2) complex, and deubiquitylates and stabilizes the type I TGFβ receptor, leading to enhanced TGFβ signalling."
USP15 affects PRKN
2 | 28
USP15 inhibits PRKN.
| 14
USP15 inhibits PRKN. 10 / 12
| 11

reach
"The OMM localized DUB ubiquitin specific processing proteases USP30 and USP15 antagonize PARKIN activity by cleaving ubiquitin chains on mitochondria."

reach
"Therefore, the activities of USP30 and USP15 in antagonizing Parkin would be expected to promote PD phenotypes [62]."

reach
"In contrast, a recent report demonstrated that in Drosophila the age dependent increase in mitophagy in both muscle and dopaminergic neurons is dependent on PINK1 and Parkin, and the knockdown of USP15 and USP30 rescues mitophagy in Parkin deficient organisms."

reach
"For example, USP15, USP30, and USP35 are known to eliminate the ubiquitin- and parkin-mediated signals, consequently delaying or disrupting mitophagy (5)."

reach
"In PD cases with diminished but non-zero Parkin activity, USP15 inhibition could enable residual Parkin to exert its neuroprotective function more effectively."

reach
"It was recently shown that knockdown of USP15 enhanced Parkin dependent mitophagy and global upregulation of mitochondrial ubiquitylation upon CCCP [XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"We wondered whether USP15 knockdown would promote Parkin function in PARK2 mutant PD patient cells with reduced but non-zero Parkin activity."

reach
"In this regard, USP15 and USP30 were found to antagonize Parkin activity by competing for the common substrates on OMM."

reach
"USP8, USP14, USP15, USP30, USP33, and USP35 have been shown to antagonize Parkin activity [[92], [93], [94], [95], [96], [97]]."

reach
"Notably, among them there are proteins, which are able to antagonise Parkin activity, such as the anti-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family Bcl-X L and Mcl-1, or the deubiquitinases USP30 ( Bingol et[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
USP15 inhibits mutated PRKN. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"These data were also confirmed in vivo in Drosophila, where silencing of Usp15 homolog rescued parkin mutant phenotype, thus showing a genetic interaction between the two genes [XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"USP15 knockdown rescues the mitophagy defect of PARK2 mutant PD patient fibroblasts."

reach
"Strikingly, knockdown of USP15 or USP30 causes enhanced degradation of depolarized mitochondria in cells expressing wild-type Parkin, and furthermore rescues mitophagy defects in cells expressing path[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
USP15 deubiquitinates PRKN.
| 10
USP15 deubiquitinates PRKN. 10 / 10
| 10

reach
"Moreover, both USP15 and USP30 function indirectly, deubiquitinating substrates of PARKIN."

reach
"It is confirmed that USP15 antagonistically regulates the parkin-mediated mitophagy, but further investigation is required to determine whether the substrates of parkin related to other MOM proteins, [MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"USP15 has been shown to deubiquitinate receptor-activated SMADs and TRIM25 and antagonize Parkin-mediated mitochondrial ubiquitination, and USP15 regulates the TGF-β pathway and is a key factor in glioblastoma pathogenesis (Eichhorn et al., 2012; Pauli et al., 2014; Inui et al., 2011)."

reach
"USP15 Deubiquitinates Parkin Substrates and Inhibits Mitophagy."

reach
"USP15 does not deubiquitylate Parkin under basal conditions or when cells are treated with mitochondrial depolarizing agents."

reach
"However, we found no evidence that USP15 deubiquitinates Parkin in basal conditions or after exposure to valinomycin (Fig. 5A and B)."

reach
"Similarly, the deubiquitinating enzymes USP15 [124], USP33 [63], and USP8 [125] have been shown to antagonize Parkin-mediated mitochondrial ubiquitination and mitophagy."

reach
"In contrast to USP8, USP15 was unable to deubiquitinate PARKIN; rather, USP15 exerts its effect by deubiquitinating mitochondrial substrates of PARKIN."

reach
"Thus, USP15 and USP30 both deubiquitinate substrates of PARKIN and oppose PARKIN function in mitophagy."

reach
"At present, the negative regulatory mechanisms against Parkin-mediated ubiquitination have been reported, with the discovery of several deubiquitinases including USP8, USP15 and USP30 that are able to cause the deubiquitination of Parkin and/or OMM proteins."
USP15 binds PRKN.
2 | 1
2 | 1

No evidence text available

reach
"As we were unable to coimmunoprecipitate USP15 with endogenous Parkin in HEK293 cells, we assumed that the binding of Parkin and USP15 is weak and not detectable at endogenous Parkin expression levels.We then asked if there was a functional interaction between Parkin and USP15."

No evidence text available
USP15 activates PRKN.
| 3
USP15 activates PRKN. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"We considered the possibility that USP15 might modulate Parkin function by deubiquitinating Parkin itself."

reach
"Knockdown of the Drosophila homologs of USP15 (CG8334, hereafter called dUSP15) and USP30 (CG3016, hereafter dUSP30) largely rescues the mitochondrial defects of parkin deficient fly muscle in vivo."

reach
"Furthermore, USP15 KD was able to rescue the mitophagy defect of Parkin and PINK1 mutant PD patient fibroblasts."
USP15 affects nef
| 19 11
USP15 binds nef.
| 9 11
| 9 11

sparser
"Our data showed that Nef was detected in lane 2 together with USP15, but not in lane 1 ( xref ), indicating that Nef associated with USP15 and suggesting that Nef could be important to UPS-mediated proteosomal degradation processes."

sparser
"Association of Nef with USP15 is critical for the reciprocal regulation of decays of the proteins."

sparser
"We next investigated whether direct interactions between Nef and USP15 are essential for the observed reciprocal decay of the proteins."

reach
"Direct interaction between Nef and USP15 was essential for the observed reciprocal decay of the proteins."

reach
"However, Gag did not degrade USP15, indicating that the Nef and USP15 complex, in distinction to other viral proteins, play an integral role in coordinating viral protein degradation and hence HIV-1 replication."

reach
"We next investigated whether direct interactions between Nef and USP15 are essential for the observed reciprocal decay of the proteins."

reach
"Immunoprecipitation of USP15 and its mutant proteins with anti-Myc antibody, followed by WB with anti-GFP antibody for the detection of Nef.GFP and GFP, showed that Nef.GFP, not GFP, was detected only in the cells transfected with wild type- or USPDeltaN-, but not with USPDeltaC expressing plasmids (XREF_FIG bottom panel), indicating that Nef binds USP15 through the encoded protein motif (s) from amino acid 385 to the end of the USP15 gene."

reach
"We then investigated whether the interaction between USP15 and Nef is required for the observed mutual degradation."

reach
"Similarly, the amount of Nef was least in the cells transfected with pUSP15, as well as less in the cells transfected with pUSP15DeltaN than in the cells transfected with pUSP15DeltaC (XREF_FIG), establishing that interaction of USP15 and Nef is essential for the reciprocal protein decay."

reach
"Alternatively, USP15 could activate other cellular protein (s) in the USP15 and Nef complex, and the activated protein (s) in turn degrades Nef protein."
USP15 inhibits nef.
| 10
USP15 inhibits nef. 10 / 10
| 10

reach
"Our co-immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated that Nef interacted with ubiquitin specific protease 15 (USP15), and that USP15, which is known to stabilize cellular proteins, degraded Nef."

reach
"Nef could also cause decay of USP15, although Nef mediated degradation of USP15 was weaker than USP15 mediated Nef degradation."

reach
"Further, USP15 degraded not only Nef but also HIV-1 structural protein, Gag, thereby substantially inhibiting HIV-1 replication."

reach
"These data indicate that Nef expressed from the wt-HIV-1-, but not from Deltanef-HIV-1-replicating cells, degraded USP15, lowering the amount of intracellular USP15, which in turn vitiated USP15 induced degradation of viral proteins and thereby HIV-1 replication, where Nef degrades USP15, but USP15 mediated Nef degradation is more potent (XREF_FIG)."

reach
"Our data indicated that USP15 clearly induced degradation of Nef and other viral structural protein, Gag, in the repeated experiments."

reach
"USP15 degraded not only Nef but also Gag, and the USP15 mediated inhibitory effect on wt-HIV-1 replication was more pronounced than on Deltanef-HIV-1 replication (XREF_FIG)."

reach
"These data collectively demonstrated that stability of Nef and USP15 is regulated reciprocally, and that USP15 mediated degradation of Nef was more pronounced than Nef mediated degradation of USP15."

reach
"The above data demonstrated that Nef and USP15 degraded reciprocally and that USP15 mediated degradation of Nef was very pronounced, compared with Nef mediated decay of USP15."

reach
"In parallel, replication of wt- and Deltanef-HIV-1 (XREF_FIG, below A and B, respectively) was significantly impaired by USP15, indicating that USP15 degraded not only Nef but also Gag and thus hampered HIV-1 replication."

reach
"Previous studies have shown that USP15 degrades HIV-1 Nef and Gag proteins, subsequently inhibiting HIV-1 replication [17]."
SMURF2 affects USP15
3 | 9 14
SMURF2 binds USP15.
3 | 7 14
3 | 7 5

sparser
"USP15 can bind SMURF2 to deubiquitinate the TGF-β type I receptor and thus affect tumor development ( xref )."

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

reach
"USP15 can bind SMURF2 to deubiquitinate the TGF-β type I receptor and thus affect tumor development (42)."

sparser
"USP15 binds to Smurf2 complex and deubiquitinates and stabilizes TRβ1, and that apparently leads to boosting of TGF-β-mediated signaling."

sparser
"USP15 binds to the SMURF2 complex and prevents ubiquitination of the TGF-β receptor resulting in elevated TGF-β signaling."

reach
"Using a functional genetic screen we have previously found that USP15 forms a complex with SMAD7 and SMURF2 and is recruited to the TGF-beta receptor complex, where it deubiquitinates and stabilizes TbetaRI XREF_BIBR."

reach
"Initially, we tested if mutated SMURF2 could form complexes with both SMAD7 and USP15."

sparser
"The antagonistic actions between ubiquitin ligases and DUBs are responsible for protein homeostasis as exemplified that USP13-FBXL14 regulated reversible ubiquitination of c-Myc in glioblastoma stem cells [ xref ], and USP15-SMURF2 cooperatively modulated TGF-β receptor in glioblastoma [ xref ]."

reach
"As shown in XREF_FIG, mutated SMURF2 bound to both USP15 and SMAD7 to the same degree as wild type SMURF2."
| 9

sparser
"Using a functional genetic screen we have previously found that USP15 forms a complex with SMAD7 and SMURF2 and is recruited to the TGF-β receptor complex, where it deubiquitinates and stabilizes TβRI xref ."

sparser
"USP15 binds to the Smad7SMURF2 complex, which recruits USP15 to TGFβ receptor I and stabilizes it without direct binding [ xref ]."

sparser
"USP15 binds to the SMAD7-SMAD specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2 (SMURF2) complex and deubiquitinates and stabilizes type I TGF-β receptor (TβR-I), leading to an enhanced TGF-β signal."

sparser
"USP15 forms a complex with SMAD7 and SMURF2 and opposes the SMURF2-mediated ubiquitination of TβRI when the level of active TGF-β is low [ xref ]."

sparser
"Initially, we tested if mutated SMURF2 could form complexes with both SMAD7 and USP15."

sparser
"On the contrary, when the level of TGF β in the body is too low, USP15 associates with smad7 and smurf2 to form a complex to deubiquitinate the type I TGF β receptor and further increase the expression level of the intracellular signaling of TGF β [ xref , xref ]."

sparser
"As shown in xref , mutated SMURF2 bound to both USP15 and SMAD7 to the same degree as wild type SMURF2."

sparser
"At the receptor level USP15 forms a complex with SMAD7 and SMURF2 with USP15 opposing the effects of the SMURF2 ligase on TβR stabilization ."

sparser
"USP15 binds to the Smad7-Smurf2 complex and, like USP4 and USP11, deubiquitinates the TGF-β type I receptor, thereby maintaining the stability of this receptor and enhancing TGF-β signalling."
SMURF2 activates USP15.
| 2
SMURF2 activates USP15. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"Our results show that SMURF2 is a critical target of USP15 in the TGF-beta pathway and may also explain how USP15 and SMURF2 target multiple complementary protein complexes in other pathways."

reach
"In cells, the UbVs inhibited the deubiquitination of two USP15 substrates, SMURF2 and TRIM25, and the diUbV inhibited the effects of USP15 on the transforming growth factor beta pathway."
E6 affects USP15
9 3 | 6 11
E6 binds USP15.
9 3 | 4 10
8 2 | 4 6

sparser
"This study did not identify any effects of the E6-USP15 interaction on p53 signaling pathway [ xref ]."

No evidence text available

sparser
"In addition, a recent study has found that the interaction between USP15 and E6 contributes to viral immune evasion by suppressing RIG-I-mediated immune activation ( xref ), suggesting a complex relationship between the viral oncoprotein and host factors."

sparser
"The Gaussia princeps luciferase protein complementation assay shows that USP15 interacts with the key oncoprotein human papillomavirus (HPV) E6, while USP29 and USP33 bind to E7 protein, suggesting that cellular DUBs impact HPV tumorigenesis by regulating the stability of the viral proteins [ xref ]."

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

sparser
"This study focuses on the functional consequences of the interaction of E6 with USP15."

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
E6 binds TRIM25 and USP15. 4 / 4
| 4

sparser
"Furthermore, HPV E6 protein forms a ternary complex with USP15 and TRIM25, resulting in the inhibition of immune surveillance and antiviral responses, thereby exhibiting a direct involvement in immune system regulation [ xref ]."

sparser
"Interestingly, it has been shown that HPV16 E6, but not E7, forms a complex with TRIM25 and its regulator ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 15 (USP15), inducing TRIM25 degradation [ xref ]."

sparser
"As TRIM25 protein stability is regulated by the balance between degradative K48-linked ubiquitination and USP15-mediated deubiquitination, the authors performed coimmunoprecipitation experiments in HEK 293T and cervical-carcinoma-derived C33a cells ectopically expressing FLAG-tagged E6 of HPV16, showing that E6 binds exogenous TRIM25 and USP15, giving rise to a ternary E6-TRIM25-USP15 complex."

sparser
"HPV E6 binds to both TRIM25 and USP15 when ectopically expressed or in natively HPV-infected cells."
1 1 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
E6 inhibits USP15.
| 2 1
E6 inhibits USP15. 3 / 3
| 2 1

sparser
"The E6 protein inhibits TRIM25 and USP15, which are essential for RIG-I activation via ubiquitination."

reach
"The human papillomavirus (HPV) E6 oncoprotein antagonizes the activation of DDX58 by targeting TRIM25 and USP15 [100]."

reach
"Through in vitro studies, Chiang et al. demonstrated that the HPV16 E6 protein inactivates two upstream activators of RIG-I, TRIM25 and USP15, and blocks the RIG-I-induced IFN response to Sendai virus infection [107]."
Nef affects USP15
| 17 11
Nef binds USP15.
| 9 11
| 9 11

sparser
"Our data showed that Nef was detected in lane 2 together with USP15, but not in lane 1 ( xref ), indicating that Nef associated with USP15 and suggesting that Nef could be important to UPS-mediated proteosomal degradation processes."

sparser
"Association of Nef with USP15 is critical for the reciprocal regulation of decays of the proteins."

sparser
"We next investigated whether direct interactions between Nef and USP15 are essential for the observed reciprocal decay of the proteins."

reach
"Direct interaction between Nef and USP15 was essential for the observed reciprocal decay of the proteins."

reach
"However, Gag did not degrade USP15, indicating that the Nef and USP15 complex, in distinction to other viral proteins, play an integral role in coordinating viral protein degradation and hence HIV-1 replication."

reach
"We next investigated whether direct interactions between Nef and USP15 are essential for the observed reciprocal decay of the proteins."

reach
"Immunoprecipitation of USP15 and its mutant proteins with anti-Myc antibody, followed by WB with anti-GFP antibody for the detection of Nef.GFP and GFP, showed that Nef.GFP, not GFP, was detected only in the cells transfected with wild type- or USPDeltaN-, but not with USPDeltaC expressing plasmids (XREF_FIG bottom panel), indicating that Nef binds USP15 through the encoded protein motif (s) from amino acid 385 to the end of the USP15 gene."

reach
"We then investigated whether the interaction between USP15 and Nef is required for the observed mutual degradation."

reach
"Similarly, the amount of Nef was least in the cells transfected with pUSP15, as well as less in the cells transfected with pUSP15DeltaN than in the cells transfected with pUSP15DeltaC (XREF_FIG), establishing that interaction of USP15 and Nef is essential for the reciprocal protein decay."

reach
"Alternatively, USP15 could activate other cellular protein (s) in the USP15 and Nef complex, and the activated protein (s) in turn degrades Nef protein."
Nef inhibits USP15.
| 5
Nef inhibits USP15. 5 / 5
| 5

reach
"Further, while the amount of intracellular Nef and USP15 was mutually regulated, USP15 mediated degradation of Nef was stronger than Nef mediated USP15 degradation, implying that USP15 could be employed to knock out Nef, a molecule essential to pathogenicity, within HIV-1 infected cells."

reach
"These data indicate that Nef expressed from the wt-HIV-1-, but not from Deltanef-HIV-1-replicating cells, degraded USP15, lowering the amount of intracellular USP15, which in turn vitiated USP15 induced degradation of viral proteins and thereby HIV-1 replication, where Nef degrades USP15, but USP15 mediated Nef degradation is more potent (XREF_FIG)."

reach
"These data collectively demonstrated that stability of Nef and USP15 is regulated reciprocally, and that USP15 mediated degradation of Nef was more pronounced than Nef mediated degradation of USP15."

reach
"Further, Nef, but not Gag, degraded USP15, suggesting that reciprocal degradation of Nef and USP15 could play a central role in coordinating decay of viral proteins and hence HIV-1 replication, underlining the dynamic competition between the molecular determinants of the infecting HIV-1 and the infected host cells."

reach
"Taken together, the results show that Nef and USP15 declines were due to expressed protein degradation, and USP15 mediated degradation of Nef was much stronger than Nef mediated USP15 degradation (XREF_FIG)."
Nef activates USP15.
| 3
Nef activates USP15. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"The above data demonstrated that Nef and USP15 degraded reciprocally and that USP15 mediated degradation of Nef was very pronounced, compared with Nef mediated decay of USP15."

reach
"Accordingly, USP15 degraded key intracellular viral proteins, such as Nef and Gag in the HIV-1-replicating cells and thereby significantly impaired HIV-1 replication, and Nef induced decay of USP15 which is known to stabilize cellular proteins."

reach
"Our data showed that as the amount of pHNef was increased from 0 to 4 mug, the USP15 levels gradually decreased in a dose dependent manner (XREF_FIG) without changes to the amount of beta-actin (XREF_FIG), indicating that Nef expression caused the intracellular USP15 diminution."
| 25 2
| 16 2

sparser
"USP15 inhibited MM cell apoptosis through activating a feedback loop with NF-κBp65."

reach
"Together, these findings suggest that USP15 inhibition may not only promote cancer cell apoptosis but also boost T cell mediated anti-tumor immunity."

sparser
"In conclusion, our results indicate that NF-κBp65 is involved in the regulation of USP15 in MM proliferation and apoptosis and that USP15 inhibits MM apoptosis through activating a feedback loop with NF-κBp65."

reach
"Recent studies have demonstrated that inhibiting USP15 prevents glutamate-induced oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis by activating the NRF2/heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) signaling pathway in HT22 cells [141]."

reach
"USP15 inhibits multiple myeloma cell apoptosis through activating a feedback loop with the transcription factor NF-kappaBp65."

reach
"USP15 inhibited MM cell apoptosis through activating a feedback loop with NF-kappaBp65."

reach
"It has been reported that the reduced RBM5 and USP15 expressions result in tumor cell proliferation [XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR] and induce tumor cell apoptosis [XREF_BIBR], respectively."

reach
"USP15 overexpression inhibits MM cell apoptosis."

reach
"In conclusion, our results indicate that NF-kappaBp65 is involved in the regulation of USP15 in MM proliferation and apoptosis and that USP15 inhibits MM apoptosis through activating a feedback loop with NF-kappaBp65."

reach
"These findings suggest that targeting USP15 may both induce tumor cell apoptosis and boost antitumor T cell responses."
| 9

reach
"The findings that USP15 deficiency promotes T cell activation and cancer cell apoptosis indicated that inhibition of USP15 might suppress tumor growth both via a tumor cell-intrinsic mechanism and by enhancing the anti-tumor host defense."

reach
"Recent studies have demonstrated that inhibiting USP15 prevents glutamate-induced oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis by activating the NRF2/heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) signaling pathway in HT22 cells [141]."

reach
"USP15 can stabilize MDM2 and negatively regulate the protein level of p53, and inactivation of USP15 can induce tumor apoptosis and improve the antitumor T-cell response[14]."

reach
"Targeting USP15 can induce apoptosis in tumor cells while enhancing anti-tumor T-cell responses."

reach
"In addition, apoptosis induction and proliferation inhibition can be caused by downregulation of USP15 expression."

reach
"Under these standard T cell differentiation conditions, USP15 deficient and wild-type T cells were similar in differentiation and proliferation, although the USP15 deficient T cells had moderately enhanced apoptosis compared to wild-type T cells (XREF_SUPPLEMENTARY)."

reach
"It was shown that when the XIAP gene was expressed in rat neonatal cardiomyocytes, it attenuated apoptosis induced by protein kinase C inhibition, hypoxia/ischemia, or isoproterenol stimulation.Ubiquitin-specific protease 15 (USP15), a member of cysteine protease deubiquitinases."

reach
"USP15 promotes the apoptosis of degenerative nucleus pulposus cells by suppressing the PI3K and AKT signalling pathway."

reach
"Crucially, ectopic expression of either p53 R175H or USP15 promoted p53 triggered apoptosis in human cervical cancer cells."
USP15 affects X
| 16 12
USP15 binds X.
| 9 12
| 9 12

sparser
"USP15 binds to HBx and stabilizes HBx through removal of Lys 48 -linked polyubiquitin moieties from HBx, thus extending its half-life and increasing its steady-state level."

sparser
"To determine whether there is a possible association between HBx and USP15, perhaps under more physiologic condition, the CytoTrap yeast two-hybrid system was employed, and the results demonstrated that HBx could interact with USP15, and the region between HBx amino acid residues 51 and 80 is required for the interaction with USP15."

sparser
"Furthermore, by using the GST pull-down assay, we demonstrated that HBx was able to bind to USP15 in the absence of a cellular context."

sparser
"Given the observations that USP15 binds to HBx, trims ubiquitin from HBx, and consequently increases HBx stability and protein level, we went on to explore whether the transcriptional transactivation function of HBx could be increased as a result of elevated HBx protein level due to the interaction between USP15 and HBx."

sparser
"This implied that the association of USP15 with HBx not only increases the stability of HBx but also augments HBx-mediated oncogenic signals."

sparser
"The physical and specific interaction between HBx and USP15 was confirmed from a series of comprehensive binding studies."

sparser
"These results clearly indicate that HBx and USP15 interact specifically both in vitro and in vivo ."

reach
"To further confirm the interaction between HBx and USP15 in vitro, the GST pull-down assay was performed."

reach
"As shown in XREF_FIG, GST and GST-HBx protein were well expressed, and 35 S labeled USP15 was retained on the GST-HBx-conjugated sepharose whereas GST alone was not, indicating that USP15 could interact with HBx directly in vitro."

reach
"To assess the functional consequence of the interaction between USP15 and HBx, we first examined the effects of HBx on USP15 protein level and peptidase activities."
USP15 activates X.
| 7
USP15 activates X. 7 / 7
| 7

reach
"There results clearly indicate that USP15 attenuates the degradation of HBx."

reach
"USP15 attenuates HBx degradation through deubiquitination of HBx."

reach
"USP15 enhances the transactivation activity and stability of HBx, potentially influencing HCV transmission in hepatocytes by modulating viral RNA translation and lipid metabolism (76–78)."

reach
"USP15 enhances the transactivation activity of HBx."

reach
"This implied that the association of USP15 with HBx not only increases the stability of HBx but also augments HBx mediated oncogenic signals."

reach
"Since we have shown that USP15 is essential for maintaining HBx stability and that USP15 augments HBx mediated oncogenic signals, one inference from our work is that compromising USP15 might be a novel approach to abrogate cellular transformation and serve as a target for anti-cancer therapy."

reach
"We found that USP15 mediated deubiquitylation protects HBx from proteasomal degradation thus increasing the stability and level of HBx protein as well as its transactivation activity."
USP15 affects REST
1 | 15
USP15 inhibits REST.
| 4
USP15 inhibits REST. 4 / 12
| 4

reach
"However, USP15 depletion does not destabilize pre-existing REST, but rather specifically impairs de novo REST synthesis."

reach
"Indeed, USP15 depletion impaired the normal periodic accumulation of REST in early G 1, suggesting that it plays an important role in cellular REST homeostasis."

reach
"We conclude that depletion of USP15 reduced the level of nuclear 220 kDa REST in both HEK-293T and A549 cells, not through accelerating its degradation, but rather through diminishing the supply of newly synthesized REST available to replenish its levels."

reach
"Although one USP15 targeting sequence did diminish the REST transcript, importantly this was not observed with another individual siRNA that also reduced REST protein abundance, or with the siRNA pool used in the initial screen."
USP15 activates REST.
| 8
USP15 activates REST. 8 / 11
| 8

reach
"Instead, the physiological role of USP15 is to promote new REST synthesis to restore its cellular level at mitotic exit."

reach
"Depletion of USP15 failed to accelerate the turnover of REST under conditions where translation was inhibited (XREF_FIG)."

reach
"We show that USP15 does not antagonize degradation of pre-existing REST or protect phosphorylated REST at mitosis."

reach
"To establish whether the deubiquitylase activity of USP15 could rescue REST, we employed HEK-293T cells, which, unlike A549 cells, are amenable to high efficiency plasmid transfection."

reach
"DUBs " found in translation " : USP15 controls stability of newly synthesized REST."

reach
"The other key observation was that in conditions where translation was inhibited, USP15 knockdown failed to accelerate REST degradation."

reach
"While USP15 does not antagonize beta-TrCP-mediated REST degradation, is required for the rapid replenishment of REST upon mitotic exit for the beginning of the new cell cycle."

reach
"Through reversing the ubiquitylation of newly synthesized REST, USP15 allows nuclear REST to be replenished in early G 1 after mitotic exit."
USP15 increases the amount of REST.
| 2
USP15 increases the amount of REST. 2 / 3
| 2

reach
"Inhibition of the proteasome with epoxomicin could rescue REST levels following USP15 depletion with two independent siRNAs (XREF_FIG, compare lane 5 with 6, and lane 7 with 8), suggesting this was indeed an effect on protein turnover."

reach
"However, we noticed that the level of 220 kDa REST was not restored by GFP-USP15, suggesting that the degradation of this mature form was not directly antagonized."
USP15 deubiquitinates REST.
1 | 1
USP15 deubiquitinates REST. 2 / 2
1 | 1

reach
"XREF_BIBR Changes in the efficiency with which USP15 deubiquitylates nascent REST, and in the cellular availability of REST during interphase, may influence expression of the broader palette of REST target genes."
USP15 affects BMPR1A
3 1 | 13 2
USP15 binds BMPR1A.
3 | 5 2
3 | 5 2

reach
"The strong interaction between USP15 and ALK3 and their co-localization at the plasma membrane suggested that USP15 could act as a DUB for ALK3."

reach
"We show that USP15 interacts with SMAD6 and ALK3 and enhances BMP signalling by deubiquitylating ALK3 and rescuing it from proteasomal destruction."

reach
"Next, we tested how SMAD6 affected the interaction between GFP-USP15 and FLAG-ALK3 (XREF_FIG b)."

No evidence text available

reach
"Here, we demonstrate that USP15 interacts with and deubiquitylates the type I BMP receptor ALK3."

reach
"It was shown that USP15 interacts with type I BMP receptors, including ALK3, co-localises with ALK3 at the membrane and deubiquitylates ALK3, thereby countering the inhibition of the BMP pathway caused by SMAD6 XREF_BIBR."

sparser
"The strong interaction between USP15 and ALK3 and their co-localization at the plasma membrane suggested that USP15 could act as a DUB for ALK3."

sparser
"SMAD6 overexpression disrupts the association of USP15 with ALK3 and potently inhibits BMP signalling."

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
USP15 deubiquitinates BMPR1A.
1 | 6
USP15 deubiquitinates BMPR1A. 7 / 7
1 | 6

reach
"Here, we demonstrate that USP15 interacts with and deubiquitylates the type I BMP receptor ALK3."

reach
"We hypothesized that USP15 deubiquitylates ALK3, thereby opposing the effect of SMAD6 and its associated E3 ubiquitin ligases."

reach
"USP15 deubiquitylates ALK3."

reach
"We next asked whether USP15 can deubiquitylate ALK3 in cells."

reach
"It was shown that USP15 interacts with type I BMP receptors, including ALK3, co-localises with ALK3 at the membrane and deubiquitylates ALK3, thereby countering the inhibition of the BMP pathway caused by SMAD6 XREF_BIBR."

reach
"Here, we demonstrate that USP15 enhances BMP signalling by associating with and deubiquitylating the BMP type I receptor ALK3."
USP15 activates BMPR1A.
| 2
USP15 activates BMPR1A. 2 / 7
| 2

reach
"USP15 targets ALK3 and BMPR1A for deubiquitylation to enhance bone morphogenetic protein signalling."

reach
"Further, USP15 has been shown to enhance bone morphogenetic protein signaling by targeting ALK3/BMPR1A [27]."
USP15 affects YAP1
4 | 15 7
USP15 binds YAP1.
4 | 3 7
4 | 3 7

sparser
"Coimmunoprecipitation assays indicated that USP15 could interact with YAP1, while TAZ bound to USP15 after hypoxia treatment."

sparser
"Further IF assay showed the co-localization of YAP and USP15 in MDA-MB-231 and BT549 cells (Figure xref F), suggesting that USP15-YAP interaction existed in TNBC cells."

sparser
"The HitPredict database () further predicts the interaction between USP15 and YAP1."

sparser
"As shown in Fig. xref , endogenous USP15 could interact with YAP1 in the control and hypoxic hPASMCs, while the interaction between USP15 and TAZ was observed upon hypoxia treatment."

reach
"The HitPredict database (http://www.hitpredict.org/) further predicts the interaction between USP15 and YAP1."

sparser
"As shown in Fig. xref , His-tagged USP15 interacted with Myc-tagged YAP1."

sparser
"Co-IP assay demonstrated that there was the interaction between YAP and USP15 (Figure xref E)."

sparser
"USP15 interacted with YAP1 in PASMCs exposed to normoxia or hypoxia."

reach
"To determine the functional association between USP15 and YAP1/TAZ, we performed coimmunoprecipitation analyses."

reach
"We thus investigated the functional association between USP15 and YAP1/TAZ."
USP15 activates YAP1.
| 12
USP15 activates YAP1. 10 / 12
| 12

reach
"Ubiquitin-specific protease 15 (USP15) was reported to promote pulmonary vascular remodeling in PAH by stabilizing YAP1 through the inhibition of the K48-linked ubiquitination of YAP1 ( Table 1 ) [ 16[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"USP15 deficiency inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and YAP1/TAZ signaling in hypoxia-induced hPASMCs."

reach
"Thus, we propose that USP15 might be a novel regulator of YAP1/TAZ signaling during PH progression.Our rescue assay determined that USP15 promoted the proliferation and migration of hypoxia-exposed PASMCs in a YAP1/TAZ-dependent manner."

reach
"USP15 overexpression promoted hPASMC proliferation and migration in a YAP1/TAZ-dependent manner."

reach
"USP15 promotes pulmonary vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension in a YAP1/TAZ-dependent manner."

reach
"To further explore whether USP15 mediated hPASMC proliferation and migration in a YAP1/TAZ-dependent manner, we achieved the depletion of YAP1 or TAZ in USP15-overexpressing hPASMCs by corresponding adenovirus infection."

reach
"We, therefore, explored whether USP15 contributes to PH development by deubiquitinating YAP1 and found that USP15 promoted the stability of YAP1 by inhibiting K48-linked ubiquitination of YAP1."

reach
"USP15 promoted YAP1 stability by inhibiting K48-linked ubiquitination of YAP1."

reach
"Human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (hPASMCs) were exposed to hypoxia to mimic PH in vitro, and USP15 knockdown significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and YAP1/TAZ signaling in hypoxic hPASMCs."

reach
"The CHX chase assay further determined that USP15 promoted the protein stability of YAP1 in normoxic hPASMCs (Fig. 8f)."
USP15 affects NFE2L2
| 25
USP15 inhibits NFE2L2.
| 14
| 14

reach
"USP15 inhibits the transcriptional activity of Nrf2 and the Nrf2 dependent antioxidant response."

reach
"Myc-USP15 inhibited the activity of Nrf2 in a concentration dependent manner (XREF_FIG)."

reach
"Moreover, USP15 stabilizes the KEAP1-NRF2 complex and promotes the degradation of NRF2."

reach
"USP15 negatively regulates Nrf2 through deubiquitination of Keap1."

reach
"Taken together, these results further demonstrate that USP15 negatively regulates the Nrf2 antioxidant response."

reach
"USP15 negatively regulates Nrf2 through deubiquitination of KEAP1 and affects paclitaxel resistance ."

reach
"In accordance, the deubiquitinating enzyme USP15 negatively regulates Nrf2 through deubiquitination of Keap1 [XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"Recent studies have demonstrated that inhibiting USP15 prevents glutamate-induced oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis by activating the NRF2/heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) signaling pathway in HT22 cells [141]."

reach
"Recently, USP15 has also been shown to increase the Nrf2 degradation, a master regulator of the antioxidant response, by stabilization of Keap1-Cul3 E3 ligase, which is a direct substrate for USP15 ( [MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"USP15 increases the degradation of Nrf2 by stabilizing the Cul3-Keap1-E3 ubiquitin ligase complex."
USP15 decreases the amount of NFE2L2.
| 8
USP15 decreases the amount of NFE2L2. 8 / 8
| 8

reach
"These results indicate that USP15 may inhibit Nrf2 protein expression and thus, its activity, by increasing Nrf2 protein degradation."

reach
"Conversely, when the Neh6 domain of Nrf2 is deleted, USP15 is still able to inhibit Nrf2 protein expression (XREF_FIG, lanes 7-8)."

reach
"USP15 inhibits Nrf2 protein levels and expression of its target genes."

reach
"Taken together these results demonstrate the mechanism by which USP15 leads to decreased Nrf2 protein levels : USP15 is able to stabilize the Cul3-Keap1-E3 ligase complex through deubiquitination of Keap1, resulting in increased E3 ligase activity and ubiquitination of Nrf2, which ultimately leads to degradation of the Nrf2 protein."

reach
"We found that USP15 is unable to inhibit Nrf2 protein levels in the absence of Keap1 (XREF_FIG, lanes 3-4)."

reach
"In addition, USP15 is unable to inhibit Nrf2 protein levels when the seven lysine residues in the Neh2 domain required for ubiquitination by the Keap1-Cul3-E3 ligase complex are mutated (Nrf2-K7) (XREF_FIG, lanes 3-4), or when the Neh2 domain is deleted (XREF_FIG, lanes 5-6)."

reach
"Further investigation showed that inhibition of USP15 enhanced the activation of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and expression of Nrf2 target genes in HG-simulated podocytes."

reach
"In agreement with this, USP15 deficiency also increased nuclear Nrf2 levels in conjunction with HOX1 and NQO1 expression [150]."
USP15 activates NFE2L2.
| 3
USP15 activates NFE2L2. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"circADAM9 targets miR-545-3p, which enhances the expression of the deubiquitinating enzyme USP15, activates the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway and leads to a more severe onset of fibrosis 171."

reach
"Inhibition of USP15 and subsequent activation of NRF2 leads to redox perturbations in AML cells, coincident with impaired leukemic cell function."

reach
"The absence of USP15 reduced oxidative stress in MCAO mice and attenuated ferroptosis by activating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)."
TRIM25 affects USP15
4 | 9 11
4 | 9 7

sparser
"USP15 binds to TRIM25 in viral infections, detaching the K48-linked ubiquitin chains assembled by LUBAC on TRIM25, thereby stabilizing the TRIM25 protein levels and promoting a sustained antiviral response (Figure xref )."

No evidence text available

reach
"USP15 bound to TRIM25 specifically late during infection, removing Lys48 linked ubiquitin chains from TRIM25 and thus stabilizing it XREF_BIBR."

sparser
"Torre et al. validated a functional interaction of a complex of USP15 with TRIM25 in neuroinflammation by showing ECM resistance in double heterozygous Usp15 L749R/+ Trim25 +/− mice."

sparser
"Interestingly, it has been shown that HPV16 E6, but not E7, forms a complex with TRIM25 and its regulator ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 15 (USP15), inducing TRIM25 degradation [ xref ]."

reach
"For instance, USP15 interacts with and deubiquitinates TRIM25 when it is ubiquitinated by the E3 complex LUBAC."

reach
"USP15 physically interacts with TRIM25."

reach
"We first confirmed the physical interaction between TRIM25 and USP15 with coimmunoprecipitation experiments."

reach
"In contrast, USP15 substantially interacted with TRIM25 at later time points during SeV infection."

reach
"Consistently, there was increased binding of USP15 to TRIM25 in infected primary normal human lung fibroblasts (NHLFs), whereas the interaction was minimal in uninfected cells (XREF_SUPPLEMENTARY)."
E6 binds TRIM25 and USP15. 4 / 4
| 4

sparser
"Furthermore, HPV E6 protein forms a ternary complex with USP15 and TRIM25, resulting in the inhibition of immune surveillance and antiviral responses, thereby exhibiting a direct involvement in immune system regulation [ xref ]."

sparser
"Interestingly, it has been shown that HPV16 E6, but not E7, forms a complex with TRIM25 and its regulator ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 15 (USP15), inducing TRIM25 degradation [ xref ]."

sparser
"As TRIM25 protein stability is regulated by the balance between degradative K48-linked ubiquitination and USP15-mediated deubiquitination, the authors performed coimmunoprecipitation experiments in HEK 293T and cervical-carcinoma-derived C33a cells ectopically expressing FLAG-tagged E6 of HPV16, showing that E6 binds exogenous TRIM25 and USP15, giving rise to a ternary E6-TRIM25-USP15 complex."

sparser
"HPV E6 binds to both TRIM25 and USP15 when ectopically expressed or in natively HPV-infected cells."
TP53 affects USP15
2 | 9 8
2 | 9 6

sparser
"In this study, we have demonstrated that USP15 binds to p53 ( xref )."

No evidence text available

reach
"In this study, we have demonstrated that USP15 binds to p53 (XREF_FIG)."

reach
"Recently, it has been demonstrated that USP15 binds to and stabilizes the transcription factor p53 [89]."

sparser
"PADI4 is a p53-binding protein which regulates the expression of p53 target genes. xref We wished to determine whether USP15 also binds to p53."

sparser
"The interaction between USP15 and p53 was verified by GST pull-down assays."

sparser
"The GST-USP15:His 6 -p53 complex co-precipitated by glutathione-Sepharose, suggesting that USP15 directly associates with p53 ( xref )."

sparser
"USP15 binding to p53 in cells was also confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation ( xref ), suggesting that USP15 forms a complex with p53."

sparser
"Taken together, the results suggest that USP15 can bind to p53 and regulate its stability."

reach
"In the current study, we identify that USP15 binds to and stabilizes p53 through deubiquitination in U2OS and HEK293 cells."
USP15 binds TP53 and MDM2. 2 / 2
| 2

sparser
"These results suggest that USP15 physically interacts with MDM2 in a p53-independent manner."

sparser
"Although MDM2 and p53 interact with the different regions of USP15, USP15/p53/MDM2 cannot form a ternary complex."
TGFB affects USP15
| 22
TGFB activates USP15.
| 20
TGFB activates USP15. 10 / 20
| 20

reach
"TGF-beta upregulates the translation of USP15 via the PI3K and AKT pathway to promote p53 stability."

reach
"TGF-beta promotes the translation of USP15 through activation of mammalian target of rapamycin by the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT pathway."

reach
"In the presence MG132 that inhibits proteasome activity, treatment with TGF-beta increases USP15 production (XREF_FIG)."

reach
"Taken together, TGF-beta enhanced USP15 production was due to upregulation of its translation and not by suppression of USP15 degradation."

reach
"TGF-beta upregulates the translation of USP15 through a non smad pathway."

reach
"It is known that TGFbeta upregulates the protein translation of USP15 in a PI3K and Akt dependent manner."

reach
"In U2OS and HEK293 cells, TGF-β promotes the translation of USP15."

reach
"Recently, it has been shown that TGFbeta upregulates the translation of USP15 suggesting a positive feedback loop, however, the extent of the TGFbeta activity also regulates the access of USP15 to the[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"For instance, Liu et al. demonstrated that TGF-β activates the PI3K/AKT pathway, enhancing USP15 translation through a non-Smad-dependent mechanism [41]."

reach
"Liu et al. have indicated that TGF-β up-regulates the translation of USP15 through the PI3K/AKT pathway in HEK293 cells."
TGFB increases the amount of USP15.
| 2
TGFB increases the amount of USP15. 2 / 3
| 2

reach
"Monoubiquitination of R-SMADs prevents the R, SMAD, and SMAD4 complex binding with the DNA, while USP15 reverses the modification and promotes TGFbeta dependent transcription."

reach
"In addition, in the presence of cycloheximide that blocks translation, the levels of USP15 increased by TGF-beta treatments were blocked (XREF_FIG)."
USP15 affects TUT1
6 | 1 9 6
USP15 binds TUT1.
6 | 1 6
6 | 1 6

reach
"Previously, we found that SART3 serves as a scaffold to strengthen the binding between USP15 and TUT1, and SART3 deletion mutant attenuates this binding [ 1 ]."

sparser
"Moreover, inhibition of the USP15-TUT1 cascade triggered mild and chronic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress."

sparser
"These findings provide a possibility that disturbance of the USP15-TUT1 cascade may induce chronic and mild ER stress, leading to an acceleration of neurodegenerative phenotype."

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

sparser
"Because the USP15-TUT1 axis is crucial for regulating U6-snRNA stabilization [ 1 ], we speculated that USP4 regulates TUT1 via deubiquitination, as does USP15 ( Fig. 2 B)."

sparser
"We presumed that SART3 regulates the binding of USP4 with TUT1 similar to the USP15-TUT1 interaction."

No evidence text available

sparser
"Because this mutant also suppresses the interaction of USP15 with TUT1 [ 1 ], we assumed that overexpression of SART3 affects endogenous USP15 rather than USP4."

No evidence text available
USP15 deubiquitinates TUT1.
| 1 8
USP15 deubiquitinates TUT1. 9 / 9
| 1 8

reach
"Observing USP4 and USP15 from various angles indicates similarities not only in the structure of each domain but also in the position and orientation of these domains, as well as in the arrangement of[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"Previously, we have reported that USP15 deubiquitinates U6 snRNA-specific terminal uridylyl transferase 1 (TUT1) and regulates the spliceosome cascade ."

reach
"Next, we investigated whether USP4 and USP15 additively deubiquitinate TUT1."

reach
"Consequently, both USP4 and USP15 decreased TUT1 ubiquitination levels."

reach
"Moreover, the co-expression of USP4 and USP15 led to an additive enhancement of deubiquitination, despite the effect not being dramatic ( Fig. 3 B), indicating that both enzymes control TUT1 deubiquit[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"Accordingly, USP15 facilitates cerebellar homeostasis by deubiquitinating TUT1 ."

reach
"USP15 deubiquitinates TUT1 associated with RNA metabolism and maintains cerebellar homeostasis."

trips
"USP15 deubiquitinates TUT1 associated with RNA metabolism and maintains cerebellar homeostasis."

reach
"Recently, we found that the USP15 deubiquitinates terminal uridylyl transferase 1 (TUT1), which uridylates the 3’ site of U6-snRNA."
USP15 affects TBX3
| 13 9
USP15 binds TBX3.
| 2 9
| 2 9

sparser
"Biochemical interaction partner screening and deubiquitylation analysis supports the USP15-TBX3 axis through different physiological and pathological contexts including PTC development."

sparser
"Translationally, the findings shed light on targeting strategies for USP15-TBX3 axis related developmental and oncogenic diseases and provide more thoughts for BRAF/MAPK related therapy designs."

sparser
"Dosage of USP15-TBX3 defines physiological differentiation and pathological de-differentiation."

sparser
"Interaction between TBX3 and USP15 was further confirmed by Co-IP experiments, where HA-tagged USP15 was efficiently pulled-down by Flag-tagged TBX3 in HEK293T cell extracts, and vice versa (Fig.  xref )."

reach
"USP15 interacts with and stabilizes TBX3."

reach
"Interaction between TBX3 and USP15 was further confirmed by Co-IP experiments, where HA-tagged USP15 was efficiently pulled-down by Flag-tagged TBX3 in HEK293T cell extracts, and vice versa (Fig. 1b)."

sparser
"Tissue specific knockout models of Erks will be ideal in the future to further testify the functional correlation between BRAF/MAPK activation and USP15-TBX3 axis in the future."

sparser
"Domain mapping experiments suggest that the activation domain is most important for the physical interaction with USP15, since its deletion [ΔA and Δ(A + R1) TBX3 variants] inhibited TBX3-USP15 interaction (Fig.  xref )."

sparser
"USP15-TBX3 axis mediates BRAF V600E -induced tumorigenesis."

sparser
"The USP15-TBX3 axis is reactivated during tumorigenesis, and Usp15 knockout prohibits BRAF V600E -driven tumor development in a Tbx3-dependent manner."
USP15 activates TBX3.
| 5
USP15 activates TBX3. 5 / 5
| 5

reach
"Consequently, USP15 deficiency inhibits melanoma tumor cell proliferation and xenografted tumor growth in the TBX3-dependent manner, which is consistent with reported USP15 function in melanoma development (Fig. 5h, Supplementary Fig. 4d, e)."

reach
"This stabilization of TBX3 depends on USP15’s DUB activity, since wild-type USP15, but not the USP15 mutant, restored TBX3 loss caused by USP15 depletion (Fig. 1g, h), and ectopic USP15 lost the function to prolong TBX3 half-life (Fig. 1i, Supplementary Fig. 1e, f)."

reach
"To further evaluate the clinical significance of USP15 mediated TBX3 homeostasis and understand their correlation in tumorigenesis, we performed immuno-histochemical (IHC) staining to examine the expression of these factors in patient samples."

reach
"Therefore, we asked whether USP15-mediated TBX3 stabilization could be a molecular signature-related event."

reach
"Activated BRAF/MAPK pathway functions partially through USP15-mediated TBX3 stabilization, thus genetic knockout of Usp15 leads to disrupted organ development and tumorigenesis comparable to Tbx3 mutants."
USP15 inhibits TBX3.
| 2
USP15 inhibits TBX3. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"MG132 treatment rescued TBX3 protein loss under BRAF or ERK1/2 inhibitor, indicating that USP15 loss caused TBX3 degradation acceleration accounts part of the overall TBX3 reduction (Fig. 4c and Supplementary Fig. 3b)."

reach
"MG132 treatment similarly restored TBX3 loss caused by USP15 knock-down (Fig. 1j)."
USP15 deubiquitinates TBX3.
| 2
USP15 deubiquitinates TBX3. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"Whether USP7 and USP15 deubiquitylate TBX3 at different sites or under different backgrounds needs to be carefully characterized."

reach
"As expected, ectopic expression of wild-type USP15 but not USP15 or USP11 reduced the poly-ubiquitylation of TBX3, while USP15 removal augmented TBX3 poly-ubiquitylation (Fig. 2a, b)."
USP15 decreases the amount of TBX3.
| 2
USP15 decreases the amount of TBX3. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"Taken together, reactivated Tbx3 by BRAF plays the same role as in embryonic development, which is to confine the differentiation state.Strikingly, Usp15 removal dramatically abrogated Tbx3 protein expression from E14.5 thyroid without affecting the mRNA level (Fig. 6c and Supplementary Fig. 5b), thus caused similar developmental defects in terms of disorganized folliculogenesis and elevated differentiation factors, such as Tpo, Tg, and Nis (Fig. 7d)."

reach
"Moreover, USP15 over-expression increased TBX3 levels in a dose-dependent manner, while USP15 knock-down decreased TBX3 expression, its mRNA levels remained relatively stable (Fig. 1e, f and Supplementary Fig. 1d)."
X affects USP15
| 9 12
| 9 12

sparser
"USP15 binds to HBx and stabilizes HBx through removal of Lys 48 -linked polyubiquitin moieties from HBx, thus extending its half-life and increasing its steady-state level."

sparser
"To determine whether there is a possible association between HBx and USP15, perhaps under more physiologic condition, the CytoTrap yeast two-hybrid system was employed, and the results demonstrated that HBx could interact with USP15, and the region between HBx amino acid residues 51 and 80 is required for the interaction with USP15."

sparser
"Furthermore, by using the GST pull-down assay, we demonstrated that HBx was able to bind to USP15 in the absence of a cellular context."

sparser
"Given the observations that USP15 binds to HBx, trims ubiquitin from HBx, and consequently increases HBx stability and protein level, we went on to explore whether the transcriptional transactivation function of HBx could be increased as a result of elevated HBx protein level due to the interaction between USP15 and HBx."

sparser
"This implied that the association of USP15 with HBx not only increases the stability of HBx but also augments HBx-mediated oncogenic signals."

sparser
"The physical and specific interaction between HBx and USP15 was confirmed from a series of comprehensive binding studies."

sparser
"These results clearly indicate that HBx and USP15 interact specifically both in vitro and in vivo ."

reach
"To further confirm the interaction between HBx and USP15 in vitro, the GST pull-down assay was performed."

reach
"As shown in XREF_FIG, GST and GST-HBx protein were well expressed, and 35 S labeled USP15 was retained on the GST-HBx-conjugated sepharose whereas GST alone was not, indicating that USP15 could interact with HBx directly in vitro."

reach
"To assess the functional consequence of the interaction between USP15 and HBx, we first examined the effects of HBx on USP15 protein level and peptidase activities."
USP15 affects TGFBR1
5 1 | 15
USP15 binds TGFBR1.
5 | 5
5 | 5

reach
"USP15 binds to the Smad7 and Smurf2 complex and, like USP4 and USP11, deubiquitinates the TGF-beta type I receptor, thereby maintaining the stability of this receptor and enhancing TGF-beta signalling[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 15 (USP15), a deubiquitinating enzyme, binds to the SMAD7-SMURF2 complex and deubiquitinates and stabilizes TGFBR1, resulting in enhanced TGF-β signaling ."

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

reach
"Moreover, we show that USP15 interacts with other type I BMP receptors ALK2 and ALK6, as well as TGFbeta receptor ALK5."

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

reach
"The interaction between USP15 and TbetaRI was detected by co-immunoprecipitation and ubiquitination assays."

reach
"Co-immunoprecipitation and ubiquitination assays revealed that USP15 interacted with TbetaRI and deubiquitinated TbetaRI."
USP15 deubiquitinates TGFBR1.
1 | 8
USP15 deubiquitinates TGFBR1. 9 / 9
1 | 8

reach
"For example, the closely related DUBs USP4, USP11 and USP15 have been reported to modulate TGFbeta signalling by deubiquitylating the type I TGFbeta receptor ALK5 [XREF_BIBR - XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"USP15 binds to the Smad7 and Smurf2 complex and, like USP4 and USP11, deubiquitinates the TGF-beta type I receptor, thereby maintaining the stability of this receptor and enhancing TGF-beta signalling[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"The authors hypothesized that USP15 was up-regulated and enhanced the proliferation, migration, invasion, and collagen deposition of hypertrophic scar-derived fibroblasts by deubiquitinating TGF-beta receptor I (TbetaRI) in vitro."

reach
"It has been revealed that the DUBs, UCH37, USP11, and USP15, de-ubiquitinate and stabilize TbetaRI."

reach
"Preliminary results by Ten Dijke and colleagues add weight to this theory whereby they identified that the ability of USP15 to deubiquitinate TbetaRI requires USP4, as USP15 was unable to perform this[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"Co-immunoprecipitation and ubiquitination assays revealed that USP15 interacted with TbetaRI and deubiquitinated TbetaRI."

reach
"UCHL37, USP11, and USP15 de-ubiquitinate TbetaRI, XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR while USP15, CYLD, and USP9X target SMAD4 or SMAD7."

reach
"Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 15 (USP15), a deubiquitinating enzyme, binds to the SMAD7-SMURF2 complex and deubiquitinates and stabilizes TGFBR1, resulting in enhanced TGF-β signaling ."
USP15 activates TGFBR1.
| 2
USP15 activates TGFBR1. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"Conversely, two DUBs, ubiquitin-specific protease (USP) 4 and USP15, catalyze deubiquitination and promote the stability of TGFBR1, thereby facilitating TGF-β-triggered signaling ( Eichhorn et al., 20[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"Moreover, Eichhorn et al. (2012) found that inhibition of USP15 decreased TGF-beta type I receptor and -phosphorylated Smad2 concentrations in these cells, thus corroborating the notion that USP15 sta[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
| 10

reach
"We previously revealed that USP15 promotes Th17 differentiation through removing a ubiquitin chain conjugated to Lys446 of RORγt which prevents the recruitment of SRC1 ."

reach
"30 Herein, for the first time, we reported that USP15 promoted the differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, which reconstructed the ECM in the wound area and activated cell motility, causin[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR Furthermore, deubiquitylating enzyme USP15 mediates K48 linked deubiquitylation of ALK3, to promote ALK3-smad1 signal and BMP induced osteoblast differentiation."

reach
"USP15 stimulates RORgammat activity and Th17 differentiation by enhancing SRC1 recruitment."

reach
"USP15 deficiency promotes the activation of naive CD4 + T cells and their subsequent differentiation into the IFN-gamma-producing Th1 cells."

reach
"USP4, USP15 and USP17 stabilize RORγt, and promote Th17 cell differentiation and function."

reach
"The mutation of Lys 446 to Arg or the deubiquitination of Lys 446 by USP15 promotes NCOA1 recruitment and Th17 differentiation."

reach
"Reduction of USP15 expression from C2C12 myoblast cells inhibited BMP induced osteoblastic differentiation, as judged by the reduction in alkaline phosphatase induction."

reach
"Loss of USP15 in mouse myoblast cells suppressed BMP induced osteoblast differentiation."

reach
"We also show that loss of USP15 expression from mouse myoblast cells inhibits BMP induced osteoblast differentiation."
| 7

reach
"The above researchers previously found that USP15 could negatively regulate naive CD4 T cell activation and differentiation into the IFN-γ-producing Th1 cells."

reach
"Knockdown of USP15 with two different shRNAs markedly inhibited Th17 differentiation (XREF_FIG, top panels and XREF_FIG) compared to knockdown of a close member of USP15, USP45 (XREF_FIG, bottom panels and XREF_FIG)."

reach
"USP15 inhibits Th1 differentiation in vitro and in vivo in a L. monocytogenes infection model through deconjugating MDM2-mediated ubiquitination of NFATc2 [107] ."

reach
"Knockdown of USP15 or expression of inactive USP15 attenuates Th17 differentiation, indicating a positive role for USP15-mediated deubiquitination of RORγt in Th17 differentiation."

reach
"Impaired Th17 differentiation by both inactive C298A and knockdown of USP15 supports the positive role of USP15 in Th17 differentiation."

reach
"Loss of USP15 promoted Th1 differentiation, but this phenomenon was not observed in CD8 T cells, as explained by the relatively low expression of MDM2 in CD8 T cells."

reach
"Collectively, these results suggest that USP15 negatively regulates naive CD4 + T cell activation and T H 1 differentiation."
USP15 affects Ubiquitin
| 16 2
USP15 inhibits Ubiquitin.
| 10
| 10

reach
"In accordance, the de-ubiquitination assay in LN-229 cells that were transfected with siUSP15, showed that knockdown of endogenous USP15 increased the incorporation of ubiquitin into HECTD1, as compared to the siRNA control cells."

reach
"For example, USP15, USP30, and USP35 are known to eliminate the ubiquitin- and parkin-mediated signals, consequently delaying or disrupting mitophagy (5)."

reach
"Downregulation of Ubiquitin-Specific Protease 15 (USP15) Does Not Provide Therapeutic Benefit in Experimental Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy."

reach
"In resting T cells, MDM2 was stable even in the absence of USP15; however, the TCR+CD 28 signals stimulated ubiquitin dependent degradation of MDM2, which was negatively regulated by USP15."

reach
"Although PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy has been well studied, no effective drug targeting this pathway has been employed for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.As a negative feedback mechan[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"Overexpression of USP15 reduced ubiquitin accumulation on mitochondria, while depletion rescued mitophagy defects in PD patient derived fibroblasts."

reach
"USP15, USP30 and USP35 inhibit mitophagy by removing the ubiquitin signal from Parkin targets [46–48]."

reach
"73 USP15 inhibits the NF‐κB pathway by removing K48‐Ub from IκBα and consequently prevent degradation it."

reach
"Similarly, ubiquitin activation on Ser65 was attenuated by USP15 and to a greater extent in USP30 overexpressing cells, whereas Parkin activation was lower in cells expressing either USP15 and USP30 (Figure 7A,C)."

reach
"The OMM localized DUB ubiquitin specific processing proteases USP30 and USP15 antagonize PARKIN activity by cleaving ubiquitin chains on mitochondria."
USP15 activates Ubiquitin.
| 5
| 5

reach
"We previously revealed that USP15 promotes Th17 differentiation through removing a ubiquitin chain conjugated to Lys446 of RORγt which prevents the recruitment of SRC1 ."

reach
"In contrast, USP15 readily accepts different types of ubiquitin chains (24) and a broader range of substrates (25)."

reach
"Depletion of USP15 with two independent siRNA oligos does not interfere with this basic ubiquitylation ladder but promotes the appearance of an additional higher molecular weight ubiquitin smear above the 116-kDa marker that is indicative of the accumulation of distinct polyubiquitylated species of BRAP in the absence of USP15."

reach
"These results suggest that USP15 prevents the ubiquitin dependent degradation of MDM2 in activated T cells."

reach
"The DUSP-Ubl portion of USP15 enhances ubiquitin exchange (Clerici et al, 2014), and DUSP is not found in any non-USP domain architectures."
USP15 binds Ubiquitin.
| 1 2
| 1 2

reach
"Since lower values of interaction energy indicate a more favourable interaction, the G75V mutation of Ub inhibits the binding of USP15 to Ub."

sparser
"Since lower values of interaction energy indicate a more favourable interaction, the G75V mutation of Ub inhibits the binding of USP15 to Ub."

sparser
"USP15 binds to Lys48-linked ubiquitin chains to achieve deubiquitination, inhibiting the degradation of TAB2 and TAB3, thus hindering the selective autophagy degradation mediated by autophagy cargo receptor 1 ( xref )."
USP15 affects PRPF31
3 1 | 13 3
USP15 deubiquitinates PRPF31.
1 | 10
USP15 deubiquitinates PRPF31. 10 / 11
1 | 10

reach
"For progression of the splicing cycle, ubiquitinated PRP3 and PRP31 get deubiquitinated by the ubiquitin-specific proteases USP4 and USP15, respectively [28,29] ( Figure 1 )."

reach
"USP15 in complex with SART3 and USP4 has been shown to play an important role in mRNA splicing by deubiquitinating PRP31, a component of U4 snRNP ( Das et al., 2017 )."

reach
"These findings suggest that USP15 deubiquitinates PRP3 as well as PRP31 when they are ubiquitinated by E3 ligase although USP15 may have more preference for PRP31."

reach
"Moreover, we found that USP15 and USP4 deubiquitinated substrates PRP31 and PRP3 simultaneously."

reach
"In the nucleus, USP15 regulates spliceosome dynamics and function in chromatin by deubiquitinating PRP31 and H2B, respectively [9,10] ."

reach
"As the splicing cycle progresses, PRPF3 and PRPF31 are deubiquitinated by USP4 and USP15, respectively (Song et al., 2010; Das et al., 2017)."

reach
"Moreover, it was reported that Sart3, Usp4 and Usp15 form a complex in order to de-ubiquitinate Prp3 and Prp31 simultaneously."
| PMC

reach
"In addition, purvalanol A treatment enhanced the deubiquitination of PRP31 by USP15 compared to the control or okadaic acid treated lysates ( Fig. 4 d)."

reach
"Deubiquitination of PRP31 and PRP3 by the USP15, SART3, and USP4 complex decreases the affinity towards PRP8 and this regulation is important for the proper splicing of chromosome segregation related genes such as Bub1 and alpha-tubulin."

reach
"We further confirmed that the modified forms of PRP31 represented a covalent modification of PRP31 with ubiquitin using the denaturing NiNTA-pull down assay and found that USP15 WT but not inactive USP15 C269A led to deubiquitination of PRP31 in the cell."
USP15 binds PRPF31.
3 | 3 3
3 | 3 3

sparser
"We then confirmed the interaction between PRP31 and USP15 with immunoprecipitation (Figure xref )."

sparser
"To examine whether PRP31 interacts directly with USP15, glutathione beads immobilized with a GST-tagged DUSP-UBL domain of USP15 was incubated with PRP31, which was synthesized with the in vitro transcription/translation (IVT/T) in the absence or presence of the SART3 HAT domains."

sparser
"However, the DUSP-UBL domain of USP15 interacted with PRP31 in the presence of SART3 (Figure xref ) indicating that the interaction between PRP31 and USP15 was indirect but mediated by SART3."

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

reach
"We then confirmed the interaction between PRP31 and USP15 with immunoprecipitation."

reach
"To examine whether PRP31 interacts directly with USP15, glutathione beads immobilized with a GST tagged DUSP-UBL domain of USP15 was incubated with PRP31, which was synthesized with the in vitro transcription and translation (IVT/T) in the absence or presence of the SART3 HAT domains."

reach
"However, the DUSP-UBL domain of USP15 interacted with PRP31 in the presence of SART3 indicating that the interaction between PRP31 and USP15 was indirect but mediated by SART3."
USP15 affects Interferon
| 1 16
USP15 inhibits Interferon.
| 1 8
| 1 8

reach
"These results together suggested that both USP15 constructed in two different expression plasmids inhibited the production of IFN."

reach
"However, when expressed alone, USP15 inhibited the IFN signaling pathway."

eidos
"Furthermore , USP15 can be recruited by ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBE2S ( E2 ) to deubiquitylates TBK1 , inhibiting type I IFN production ( Huang et al ., 2020 ) ."

reach
"To verify the specific mechanism of USP15 mediated IFN inhibition, we identified the DUB activity site His862 of USP15 in vivo and in vitro, and we presented evidence that USP15 functions as a RIG-I deubiquitinase and specifically removes Lys63 linked polyubiquitin chains."

reach
"In a study using HEK293T cells and Sendai virus (SeV), knockdown of the gene transcribing USP15 resulted in upregulation of type I IFN, while overexpression of USP15 decreased type I interferon as USP15 showed dose dependent inhibition of IFN-beta [XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"Reminding us USP15 may antagonize type I IFN induction independently of catalytic activity."

reach
"Although we can not rule out the possibility that USP15 exerts its effects in a third uncharacterized manner, the data in this study demonstrate that USP15 sequesters the interaction between RIG-I and IPS-1, shedding light on the mechanisms underlying the catalytic-activity-independent antagonism of IFN by USP15."

reach
"USP15 negatively regulates type I IFN signaling to promote virus replication."

reach
"Taken together, we showed that in contrast to miR-26a, USP15 negatively regulated the type I IFN response to facilitate virus replication."
USP15 activates Interferon.
| 6
| 6

reach
"Among identified candidates were known regulators of IFN signaling such as Usp25 ( Lin et al., 2015 ), Usp15 ( Pauli et al., 2014 ), and DUBA, which displayed reduced expression in H1N1-infected cells[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"In addition, we demonstrated that in contrast to USP15 de-ubiquitinating (DUB) activity, USP15 mediated inhibition of IFN signaling was not abolished by mutations eliminating the catalytic activity, indicating that a fraction of USP15 mediated IFN antagonism was independent of the DUB activity."

reach
"Knockdown of USP15 results in upregulation of type I IFN."

reach
"In addition, the ectopic expression of USP15 enhances the TRIM25- and RIG-I-mediated production of type I IFN and thus suppresses RNA virus replication, whereas the depletion of USP15 causes decreased IFN production and markedly enhanced viral replication (85)."

reach
"Furthermore, ectopic expression of USP15 enhanced the TRIM25- and RIG-I-dependent production of type I IFN and suppressed RNA virus replication."

reach
"Among these proteins, we found Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 15 (Usp15) which positively regulates type I interferon responses and thereby antiviral immune response."
USP15 increases the amount of Interferon.
| 2
USP15 increases the amount of Interferon. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"USP15 enhances the TRIM25- and RIG-I-mediated expression of type I IFN."

reach
"Several other DUBs have also been implicated in the regulation of RIG-I ubiquitination and virus induced type I IFN expression; these include A20, USP3, USP15, USP21, and USP25 XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR."
USP15 affects IFNB1
| 15
USP15 decreases the amount of IFNB1.
| 5
USP15 decreases the amount of IFNB1. 3 / 6
| 3

reach
"In contrast to miR-26a, overexpression of USP15 suppressed the expression of IFN-β (Fig. 4A) and the representative ISGs (Fig. 4B), thus promoting HEV replication (Fig. 4C)."

reach
"Correspondingly, USP15 knockdown stimulated the expression of IFN-β and ISGs in the presence of SeV (Fig. 7F, lane 1 and lane 3) or HEV (Fig. 7G, lane 1 and lane 3), whereas miR-26a failed to achieve further stimulation once USP15 was downregulated (Fig. 7F and G, lane 3 and lane 4)."

reach
"Through real-time RT-PCR, we also found that USP15-WT, USP15-C269A and USP15-H862A inhibit the transcription of endogenous IFNB1 gene and the SEV induced expression of ISGs."
Modified USP15 decreases the amount of IFNB1. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"The knockdown of USP15 increases RIG-I K63 linked polyubiquitination, enhancing the IFN production, whereas the overexpression of USP15 decreases the type I IFN by blocking the transcription of IFN-beta in HEK293T infected with SeV."

reach
"Overexpression of USP15 inhibited the transcription of IFN-beta."
USP15 inhibits IFNB1.
| 7
USP15 inhibits IFNB1. 7 / 7
| 7

reach
"The result showed that USP15 caused the dose dependent inhibition of IFN-beta promoter activity (XREF_FIG)."

reach
"We found both USP15-HA and USP15-Myc dose-dependently inhibited the SEV- and RIG-I-N-induced activation of IFN-beta."

reach
"As observed in HEK293T cells, ectopic expression of USP15 inhibits SEV induced IFN-beta promoter activation, while knockdown of USP15 by siRNA results in upregulation of the activation of IFN-beta, NF-kappaB and IRF3 promoters in A549 cells, as well as the production of IFNB1 and ISGs."

reach
"Depletion of endogenous USP15 reduced the extent of IFN-beta promoter activation stimulated by GST-RIG-I (2CARD) alone or together with TRIM25 (XREF_FIG)."

reach
"In addition, USP15 dose-dependently inhibited RIG-I-N-triggered IFN-beta-Luc, ISRE-Luc, NF-kappaB-Luc, and IRF3-Luc reporter activities."

reach
"Cellular ubiquitin-specific proteases, USP21 ( Fan et al., 2014 ), USP3 ( Cui et al., 2014 ) and USP15 ( Zhang et al., 2015 ), a subfamily of deubiqutinase ( Reyes-Turcu et al., 2009 ), remove K63-lin[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"Cellular ubiquitin specific proteases, USP21, USP3 and USP15, a subfamily of deubiqutinase, remove K63 linked polyubiquitin chains from RIG-I and block it to induce IFN-beta."
USP15 activates IFNB1.
| 3
USP15 activates IFNB1. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"However, we also found that co-expression of increasing amounts of USP15-HA and USP15-Myc further enhanced the IFN-beta promoter activation stimulated by RIG-I-N and TRIM25 as a function of the dose, in line with the result described by Pauli."

reach
"Coexpression of increasing amounts of Myc tagged USP15 further enhanced the IFN-beta and NF-kappaB promoter activation stimulated by GST-RIG-I (2CARD) and TRIM25 in a dose dependent manner (XREF_FIG)."

reach
"Through the comparison we found under the condition that co-expressed with TRIM25, USP15 enhanced the activation of IFN-beta."
ATM affects USP15
1 | 8 7 2
ATM phosphorylates USP15.
1 | 5 7 2
ATM phosphorylates USP15. 8 / 8
| 4 4

reach
"Here we found that ATM phosphorylates USP15 after DNA damage, affects USP15 recruitment to DNA damage sites, and BARD1-HP1gamma interaction, and therefore regulates BARD1 and BRCA1 retention at DNA damage sites."

reach
"USP15 Ser678 is phosphorylated by ATM, which is essential for USP15 recruitment to DSBs."

reach
"Another study revealed that USP15 can be phosphorylated by ATM and recruited to sites of DNA damage."

sparser
"Thus, ATM-dependent USP15 phosphorylation has two effects: (1) affecting the sub-cellular localization of USP15, and (2) affecting the recruitment of USP15 to DSBs."

reach
"Finally, USP15 is phosphorylated by ATR and ATM and is known to cleave ubiquitin from IkappaB, thus dampening the NF-kappaB response (see below)."

sparser
"As shown in Fig.  xref , USP15 was phosphorylated at ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) consensus Ser-Gln/Thr-Gln (SQ/TQ) sites after IR."

sparser
"Here we found that ATM phosphorylates USP15 after DNA damage, affects USP15 recruitment to DNA damage sites, and BARD1–HP1γ interaction, and therefore regulates BARD1/BRCA1 retention at DNA damage sites."

sparser
"USP15 is important for homologous recombination and is phosphorylated by ATM in response to DNA double-strand breaks ( xref )."
ATM phosphorylates USP15 on S678. 7 / 7
1 | 1 3 2

sparser
"USP15 Ser678 is phosphorylated by ATM, which is essential for USP15 recruitment to DSBs."

No evidence text available

sparser
"Previous large-scale proteomic studies also demonstrated that Ser678 of USP15 is phosphorylated by ATM following DNA damage xref ."

rlimsp
"The phosphorylated USP15 was recruited to DSBs (Fig. 4e and Supplementary Fig. 5e), while the S678A mutant, which abolished its phosphorylation by ATM, could not be recruited to DSBs (Fig. 4e)."

rlimsp
"USP15 Ser678 is phosphorylated by ATM, which is essential for USP15 recruitment to DSBs."

sparser
"Previous work used a phospho-specific antibody to observe ATM phosphorylation on USP15 S678 in response to double-strand breaks ( xref )."

reach
"Previous large-scale proteomic studies also demonstrated that Ser678 of USP15 is phosphorylated by ATM following DNA damage 61."
ATM binds USP15.
| 3
| 3

reach
"We subsequently confirmed that USP15 could bind to ATM both endogenously and exogenously via confocal microscopy, dual-link proximity ligation assay (PLA), and reciprocal coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP) experiments (Fig. 4b–e)."

reach
"Therefore, the direct binding between USP15 and ATM is deubiquitination independent."

reach
"Next, we tested which region of USP15 is responsible for its interaction with ATM by expressing ATM together with USP15 or its truncated mutants (Fig. 4h) and found that the USP15 D3 deletion mutant (deletion residues 740–981) abolished the binding of USP15 with ATM (Fig. 4i)."
| 17

reach
"In this study, IHC analyses showed that the high expression of USP15 was closely related to the depth of invasion, LNI, TNM stage, which indicated that USP15 acted as an oncogene, thereby promoting GC invasion, metastasis, and progression."

reach
"Subsequently, we further found that USP15 can significantly promote the migration and invasion of GC cells in vitro."

reach
"Knockdown of USP15 inhibits cell proliferation, invasion, and EMT progression of GC in vitro."

reach
"The above findings indicated that USP15 may promote cell proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT process to become an oncogene of GC."

reach
"As shown in Figure 2D and Figure 2E, USP15 silencing suppressed GC cell migration and invasion."

reach
"USP15 knockdown significantly inhibited cell proliferation, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of GC in vitro, while overexpression of USP15 promoted these processes."

reach
"USP15 promotes cell proliferation, invasion and EMT progression of GC via regulating the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway, which suggests that USP15 is a novel potential therapeutic target for GC."

reach
"Collectively, these data demonstrated that USP15 overexpression promoted GC proliferation, invasion, and EMT progression."

reach
"USP15 promoted cell proliferation, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of GC cells in vitro and tumor growth in vivo."

reach
"USP15 knockdown significantly inhibited cell proliferation, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of GC in vitro, while overexpression of USP15 promoted these processes."
USP15 affects NFkappaB
| 2 14 1
USP15 activates NFkappaB.
| 1 11 1
| 1 11 1

reach
"USP15 can activate NF-kappaB signaling pathway via BRCC3, thereby promoting the growth, migration and invasiveness of bladder cancer."

reach
"Similarly, we observed that increasing quantities of USP15 caused the inhibition of SEV induced activation of ISRE (XREF_FIG), NF-kappaB (XREF_FIG), and IRF3 (XREF_FIG) promoters, additionally, the expression of ISGs."

reach
"As shown in XREF_FIG, co-expression of USP15 enhanced the AP-1, AP-2, AP-3, SP-1 and NF-kappaB signal pathways transactivated by ectopically expressed HBx although these signal pathways were also affected to a lesser extent by USP15 overexpression alone (XREF_FIG)."

reach
"USP15 potentiates NF-kappaB activation by differentially stabilizing TAB2 and TAB3."

reach
"In contrary, another study found no interaction between USP15 and IkappaBalpha, and it was proposed that USP11 inhibits the ubiquitination and degradation of IkappaBalpha in the early stage while USP15 functions at a later time point in the TNFalpha induced NF-kappaB activation XREF_BIBR."

eidos
"USP15 is also reported to activate NF-kappaB signaling by deubiquitination and stabilization of the transcription factor NF-kappaB p65 , which inhibits apoptosis and induces cell proliferation in multiple myeloma [ 68 ] ."

sparser
"Another recent study showed that USP15 can effectively activate NF-κB by maintaining the stability of TAB2/3 differentially[ xref ]."

reach
"Zhou et al. noted that depletion of USP15 in multiple myeloma enhanced the NFkappaB transcriptional activity and reduced the rate of apoptosis."

reach
"Coexpression of increasing amounts of Myc tagged USP15 further enhanced the IFN-beta and NF-kappaB promoter activation stimulated by GST-RIG-I (2CARD) and TRIM25 in a dose dependent manner (XREF_FIG)."

reach
"Overexpression of USP15 potentiated TNFalpha- or IL-1beta-triggered NF-kappaB activation and downstream genes transcription, whereas knockdown of USP15 had opposite effects."
USP15 inhibits NFkappaB.
| 1 3
| 1 3

eidos
"Thus , USP15 inhibits NF-kB signaling and its downstream target genes by deubiquitination and stabilization of IkB in mammalian cells [ 33 ] , as illustrated in Figure 2 ( left ) ."

reach
"In addition, USP15 dose-dependently inhibited RIG-I-N-triggered IFN-beta-Luc, ISRE-Luc, NF-kappaB-Luc, and IRF3-Luc reporter activities."

reach
"NF-kappaB signaling is negatively regulated by USP11 or USP15 mediated removal of K48 linked ubiquitin chains from IkappaBalpha [XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"As shown in XREF_FIG e and XREF_FIG f, knockdown of USP15 increased the activation of NF-kappaB (5.9 vs 12.9, p = 1.92E-04) and IRF3 (15.6 vs 26.5, p = 1.04E-03) through reporter assays."
USP15 affects NFE2L1
1 1 | 15
USP15 activates NFE2L1.
| 6
USP15 activates NFE2L1. 6 / 6
| 6

reach
"Collectively, we concluded that endogenous USP15 enhances the NRF1 mediated gene expression for proteasome recovery.Finally, we examined the biological relationship between USP15 and other Cap'n ' Col[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"Hence, these results strongly suggest that USP15 mediates the transcriptional activities of Nrf1."

reach
"A cycloheximide chase experiment also revealed that USP15 increases the turnover time of Nrf1."

reach
"Moreover, the siRNA mediated knockdown of endogenous USP15 reduced the protein turnover time of endogenous NRF1."

reach
"These results clearly suggest that USP15 activates the transcriptional activity of Nrf1."

reach
"We also confirmed that other USP15 siRNAs can cause the mRNA induction of NRF1 (data not shown)."
USP15 deubiquitinates NFE2L1.
1 | 4
USP15 deubiquitinates NFE2L1. 5 / 5
1 | 4

"Here, we report that <span class="match term0">USP15</span> (Ubiquitin-Specific Protease 15) activates <span class="match term1">Nrf1</span> in the nucleus by stabilizing it through deubiquitination."

reach
"Levels of NFE2L1 are also regulated by several deubiquitinating enzymes, including USP7, USP19 (specifically in the ER), and USP15 (in the nucleus), that deubiquitinate NFE2L1 and increase its stability and transcriptional activity [136,137,138]."

reach
"As a result, these data strongly suggest that USP15 stabilizes endogenous NRF1.We further conducted a ubiquitination assay to examine whether USP15 deubiquitinates Nrf1."

reach
"Under these experimental conditions, USP15 significantly reduced the smear patterns of 3 x Flag-Nrf1, suggesting that USP15 promotes the deubiquitination of Nrf1."

reach
"Taken together, it is fully possible that USP15 deubiquitinates Nrf1 in the nucleus."
USP15 binds NFE2L1.
1 | 3
1 | 3

reach
"Consistently, 3 x Flag-Nrf1 was coprecipitated with V5-USP15, indicating that USP15 physically interacts with Nrf1 in cells.We next examined whether USP15 stabilizes Nrf1 through its deubiquitination."

reach
"Nevertheless, the coexpression of 3 x Flag-Nrf1 caused the nuclear translocation of V5-USP15, implying a physical interaction between USP15 and Nrf1 in cells (top panels)."

No evidence text available

reach
"To address this hypothesis, we first examined an association between USP15 and Nrf1 using immunoprecipitation."
USP15 increases the amount of NFE2L1.
| 2
USP15 increases the amount of NFE2L1. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"Unexpectedly, USP15 siRNA alone induced the mRNA expression of NRF1, thereby augmenting the expression of these proteasomal genes."

reach
"Furthermore, we observed that USP15 siRNAs significantly increased the protein expression levels of endogenous NRF1 in HeLa cells."
USP15 affects HMGB1
| 12 5
USP15 binds HMGB1.
| 3 5
| 3 5

sparser
"Co-IP results of the endogenous proteins from B-CPAP cells and KTC-1 cells showed that USP15 could interact with HMGB1, supporting the functional cooperation of USP15 and HMGB1 (Figure xref D)."

reach
"Therefore, the interaction between USP15 and HMGB1 was investigated in depth (Table S1)."

reach
"In Figure 2C, it is further demonstrated that USP15 can bind to HMGB1 in HEK-293T cells overexpressed with USP15 and HMGB1."

reach
"The interaction between USP15 and HMGB1 was identified by LC-ESL-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS and immunoprecipitation."

sparser
"The interaction between USP15 and HMGB1 was identified by LC-ESL-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS and immunoprecipitation."

sparser
"USP15 interacts with HMGB1."

sparser
"Therefore, the interaction between USP15 and HMGB1 was investigated in depth ( xref )."

sparser
"In Figure xref C, it is further demonstrated that USP15 can bind to HMGB1 in HEK-293T cells overexpressed with USP15 and HMGB1."
USP15 activates HMGB1.
| 5
USP15 activates HMGB1. 5 / 5
| 5

reach
"Co-IP results of the endogenous proteins from B-CPAP cells and KTC-1 cells showed that USP15 could interact with HMGB1, supporting the functional cooperation of USP15 and HMGB1 (Figure 2D)."

reach
"USP15 modulates HMGB1 stability in a DUB-dependent manner."

reach
"Above all results demonstrated that USP15 increased HMGB1 stability in a DUB-dependent manner."

reach
"USP15 promotes the progression of papillary thyroid cancer by regulating HMGB1 stability through its deubiquitination."

reach
"To determine whether the functions of USP15 in regulating cell proliferation, migration, and invasion through the effects of HMGB1, we performed rescue experiments by overexpressing HMGB1 in USP15 knockdown cells or by knockdown HMGB1 in USP15 overexpression cells."
USP15 deubiquitinates HMGB1.
| 4
USP15 deubiquitinates HMGB1. 4 / 4
| 4

reach
"USP15 was shown to interact with HMGB1 in a deubiquitination activity-dependent manner, deubiquitinating and stabilizing HMGB1."

reach
"USP15 deubiquitylates HMGB1."

reach
"As USP15 was a member of the USP family of DUBs family 25, 37, we went on to determine the possibility that USP15 deubiquitylates HMGB1."

reach
"Conversely, ectopic overexpression of USP15 reduced HMGB1 ubiquitylation in cells, while the C298A mutant of USP15 shut down this function without losing the ability to bind to HMGB1 (Figure 4B)."
YAP1 affects USP15
4 | 5 7
YAP1 binds USP15.
4 | 3 7
4 | 3 7

sparser
"Coimmunoprecipitation assays indicated that USP15 could interact with YAP1, while TAZ bound to USP15 after hypoxia treatment."

sparser
"Further IF assay showed the co-localization of YAP and USP15 in MDA-MB-231 and BT549 cells (Figure xref F), suggesting that USP15-YAP interaction existed in TNBC cells."

sparser
"The HitPredict database () further predicts the interaction between USP15 and YAP1."

sparser
"As shown in Fig. xref , endogenous USP15 could interact with YAP1 in the control and hypoxic hPASMCs, while the interaction between USP15 and TAZ was observed upon hypoxia treatment."

reach
"The HitPredict database (http://www.hitpredict.org/) further predicts the interaction between USP15 and YAP1."

sparser
"As shown in Fig. xref , His-tagged USP15 interacted with Myc-tagged YAP1."

sparser
"Co-IP assay demonstrated that there was the interaction between YAP and USP15 (Figure xref E)."

sparser
"USP15 interacted with YAP1 in PASMCs exposed to normoxia or hypoxia."

reach
"To determine the functional association between USP15 and YAP1/TAZ, we performed coimmunoprecipitation analyses."

reach
"We thus investigated the functional association between USP15 and YAP1/TAZ."
YAP1 inhibits USP15.
| 2
YAP1 inhibits USP15. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"We, therefore, explored whether USP15 contributes to PH development by deubiquitinating YAP1 and found that USP15 promoted the stability of YAP1 by inhibiting K48-linked ubiquitination of YAP1."

reach
"USP15 promoted YAP1 stability by inhibiting K48-linked ubiquitination of YAP1."
5 | 3 6
USP15 translocates.
| 3 6
USP15 translocates to the nucleus. 6 / 6
| 1 5

sparser
"Consistent with our recent study ( xref ) co-expression of SART3 with USP15 led to the nuclear translocation of USP15, which suggests that SART3 has a significant effect on USP15 localization."

reach
"Confocal microscopy analysis clearly demonstrates that the NLS is required for SART3 to relocate to the nucleus and both USP4 and USP15 are recruited to the nucleus in the presence of SART3."

sparser
"Additionally, the quantitative analysis clearly showed that the translocation of USP15 into the nucleus is dependent on SART3 (Figure xref , right graph)."

sparser
"Confocal microscopy analysis clearly demonstrates that the NLS is required for SART3 to relocate to the nucleus and both USP4 and USP15 are recruited to the nucleus in the presence of SART3."

sparser
"Furthermore, the overexpression of Nrf1 markedly promotes the nuclear translocation of USP15 ( Fig. 2 A), similar to the case of the nuclear protein Tip110 [24] ."

sparser
"USP15 was also recruited to the nucleus during KOS infection in the presence of the viral helicase/primase inhibitor ( xref )."
USP15 translocates from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. 3 / 3
| 2 1

reach
"Therefore, it is possible that under the pathophysiological condition, when the Tip110 level is elevated, USP15 is translocated from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and associated with Tip110."

sparser
"Therefore, it is possible that under the pathophysiological condition, when the Tip110 level is elevated, USP15 is translocated from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and associated with Tip110."

reach
"In earlier studies, we have shown that USP15 binding to squamous cell carcinoma antigen recognized by T cells 3 (SART3) has an important role in the translocation of USP15 from the cytoplasm to the nu[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
USP15 binds.
5 |
5 |

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USP15 affects UBC
16 |
16 |

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USP15 affects Neoplasms
| 16
USP15 activates Neoplasms.
| 13
| 13

reach
"In addition to promoting proliferation, migration, and invasion of ccRCC cells, USP15 accelerated tumor in situ growth and lung metastasis in experimental animals."

reach
"The deubiquitinating enzyme Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 15 (USP15) is upregulated in various cancers and promotes tumor progression by increasing the expression of several oncogenes."

reach
"USP15 can stabilize MDM2 and negatively regulate the protein level of p53, and inactivation of USP15 can induce tumor apoptosis and improve the antitumor T-cell response[14]."

reach
"USP15 knockdown inhibits tumor growth in vivo."

reach
"Knockdown of USP15 inhibited tumor growth in vivo."

reach
"In vivo, USP15 depletion indeed inhibited tumor growth, accompanied with elevated p21 , p57 , direct TBX3 repressing targets, thus restricted cell proliferation (Fig. 3c−e, Supplementary Fig. 2g)."

reach
"Thus, USP15 promotes tumor cell proliferation and tumor growth through maintaining TBX3 level and related downstream events.To understand how the proteostasis regulation fits in the in vivo highly spontaneous BRAF -induced tumorigenesis where Tbx3 is re-activated and critically required for tumor initiation and progression , we first collected tumor tissues from mPTC model generated by crossing thyroid peroxidase TPO-Cre with LSL-Braf (Supplementary Fig. 2h) ."

reach
"Employing colon orthotopic and metastatic tumor models, we performed loss- and gain-of-function assays for USP15, and revealed that over-expression of USP15 promotes tumor progression by increasing the abundance of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and decreasing the presence of CD8+T cells in the TME."

reach
"USP15 accelerated tumor growth and lung metastasis in vivo."

reach
"HOXA3 or USP15 knockdown suppressed tumor growth and M2-type macrophage infiltration in vivo ."
USP15 inhibits Neoplasms.
| 3
| 3

reach
"Interference with USP15 expression reversed tumor progression and distal colonization in vivo."

reach
"These proteins level changes revealed the mechanism by which USP15 represses tumor growth."

reach
"As such, Usp15 appears to function as a double-edged sword in pancreatic cancer, where the loss of Usp15 enhances tumor progression in the initial stages of tumorigenesis but sensitizes to certain treatment regimens in the later stages.Given the wide range of USP15 substrates and USP15-regulated pathways with well-known functions in cancer, we set out to elucidate USP15’s exact role in PDAC suppression."
USP15 affects FOXC1
| 12 4
USP15 binds FOXC1.
| 6 4
| 6 1

reach
"And then, the interaction between USP15 and FOXC1 was further determined by GST pull-down and Co-IP techniques."

sparser
"The interaction between forkhead box C1 (FOXC1) and USP15 was verified by Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) pull-down and Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) experiments."

reach
"The interaction between forkhead box C1 (FOXC1) and USP15 was verified by Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) pull-down and Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) experiments."

reach
"The Co-IP assay was utilized to demonstrate the interaction between USP15 and FOXC1 in THP1-M0 and C28/I2 cells."

reach
"USP15 interacted with and deubiquitinated FOXC1."

reach
"Is there an interaction between USP15 and FOXC1?"

reach
"Furthermore, Co-IP assay in THP1-M0 and C28/I2 cells were respectively conducted, confirming the genuine interaction between USP15 and FOXC1 (Fig. 4D-E)."
USP15 binds FOXC1. 3 / 3
| 3

sparser
"Is there an interaction between USP15 and FOXC1?"

sparser
"Furthermore, Co-IP assay in THP1-M0 and C28/I2 cells were respectively conducted, confirming the genuine interaction between USP15 and FOXC1 (Fig.  xref D-E)."

sparser
"And then, the interaction between USP15 and FOXC1 was further determined by GST pull-down and Co-IP techniques."
USP15 increases the amount of FOXC1.
| 4
USP15 increases the amount of FOXC1. 4 / 4
| 4

reach
"That is to say, the Exos of USP15 overexpressed achieved the repair effect on LPS-induced chondrocyte damage by expediting the level of FOXC1."

reach
"Besides, USP15 was validated to exert a deubiquitination effect by binding to FOXC1 and positively regulate FOXC1 expression."

reach
"In brief, USP15 positively regulated FOXC1 expression through deubiquitination."

reach
"In summary, this indicated that ADMSC-Exo overexpressing USP15 induced macrophages polarization from M1 to M2 by facilitating the expression of FOXC1 protein."
USP15 deubiquitinates FOXC1.
| 2
USP15 deubiquitinates FOXC1. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"USP15 interacted with and deubiquitinated FOXC1."

reach
"Additionally, the silencing of FOXC1 ameliorated the therapeutic effect of oe-USP15/Exo on LPS-injured chondrocytes.In summary, our research findings elucidates that USP15-modified ADMSCs-derived Exos induces macrophage polarization towards the M2 phenotype by promoting FOXC1 deubiquitination, thereby effectively reducing the degree of chondrocyte damage in OA."
UBC affects USP15
16 |
16 |

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RIGI affects USP15
2 | 5 6
2 | 5 6

reach
"We also examined the specificity of the association between USP15 and RIG-I."

sparser
"We also identified the domains of RIG-I responsible for the RIG-IUSP15 interaction."

reach
"Together, these results demonstrate that USP15 and RIG-I form a complex through the UCH domain of USP15, and that the N-terminal CARD domain and the C-terminal domain of RIG-I both bind to USP15."

sparser
"Together, these results demonstrate that USP15 and RIG-I form a complex through the UCH domain of USP15, and that the N-terminal CARD domain and the C-terminal domain of RIG-I both bind to USP15."

sparser
"We used a coimmunoprecipitation experiment to map the domain of USP15 that facilitates its interaction with RIG-I. As demonstrated in xref , RIG-I interacted with USP15-WT and the C-terminal UCH domain (USP15-C250), but not with the N-terminal DUSP domain (USP15-N249)."

sparser
"Our result showed that the presence of GST-RIG-I-N retained USP15 C250 ( xref ), indicating that the interaction of RIG-I with USP15 is due to a direct physical association."

reach
"We hypothesized that USP15 interacts with RIG-I and the interaction is independent of the DUB activity, and the coimmunoprecipitation assay proved the credibility."

reach
"Mechanistically, the interaction between RIG-I and USP15 suggests the model that USP15 prevents the access of a downstream target to the RIG-I complex."

reach
"The second possibility is that USP15 interacts with RIG-I to reduce IPS-1-RIG-I binding."

sparser
"We hypothesized that USP15 interacts with RIG-I and the interaction is independent of the DUB activity, and the coimmunoprecipitation assay proved the credibility."
| 1 8 6
Mitoxantrone inhibits USP15.
| 1 4 6
| 1 4 6

sparser
"Moreover, we report that USP15 is weakly inhibited by the antineoplastic agent mitoxantrone in vitro ."

reach
"XREF_BIBR - XREF_BIBR Recently, an anticancer chemotherapy drug, mitoxantrone, has been shown to inhibit USP15, but the potency of USP15 inhibition by this compound is low, and in vivo studies have not been performed."

sparser
"Crystal structure analysis by Ward et al. highlighted minute differences between the paralogs and noted that mitoxantrone binds and partially inhibits USP15, similar to USP11."

sparser
"We subsequently tested whether USP15 is inhibited by mitoxantrone using a diubiquitin gel shift cleavage assay, as this agent has previously been shown to inhibit the homolog USP11 ( xref )."

sparser
"We determined that USP15 is weakly inhibited by mitoxantrone with an IC 50 value of 33 ± 11 μ m ( xref A and)."

reach
"Later, Ward et al. determined that mitoxantrone could also weakly inhibit USP15 with IC 50 value of 33 ± 10 µM ( Ward et al., 2018 )."

sparser
"Furthermore, we show that mitoxantrone weakly inhibits USP15 and determined a mitoxantroneUSP15 complex structure."

reach
"Moreover, we report that USP15 is weakly inhibited by the antineoplastic agent mitoxantrone in vitro A USP15 and mitoxantrone complex structure disclosed that the anthracenedione interacts with the S1 ' binding site."

reach
"In addition, it was found that mitoxantrone weakly inhibits the activity of USP15."

sparser
"Later, Ward et al. determined that mitoxantrone could also weakly inhibit USP15 with IC 50 value of 33 ± 10 µM ( Ward et al., 2018 )."
| 4

reach
"Crystal structure analysis by Ward et al. highlighted minute differences between the paralogs and noted that mitoxantrone binds and partially inhibits USP15, similar to USP11."

reach
"The crystal structure of the USP15-mitoxantrone complex revealed predominantly hydrophobic interactions between mitoxantrone and USP15 residues Tyr855, Gly856, Gly860, and His862, which are located near the catalytic Cys269 [245].2-DGIn cancer, 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) interferes with D-glucose metabolism to decrease its proliferation [246]."

reach
"Moreover, we report that USP15 is weakly inhibited by the antineoplastic agent mitoxantrone in vitro A USP15 and mitoxantrone complex structure disclosed that the anthracenedione interacts with the S1 ' binding site."

reach
"Mitoxantrone was bound to USP15 as seen before in PDB: 6GH9 ( Ward et al., 2018 ) at the S1′ region near the catalytic histidine in one of the two USP15 monomers in the asymmetric unit ( Fig. 1 B)."
| 2 13
| 1 10

reach
"Herein, we first revealed that USP15 could promote wound healing by enhancing the proliferation and migration of HDFs and activating the TGF-β signaling pathway, thereby providing a novel therapeutic [MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"53 Upregulation of USP15 could activate the NF‐κB signaling pathway, which might be involved in CAA pathology."

reach
"USP15 induced bladder cancer progression through reducing the degradation of BRCC3, thereby regulating the classical NF-κB signaling pathway."

reach
"In summary, our study demonstrates that USP15 can activate the NF-κB signaling pathway through BRCC3, thus enhancing the proliferation, migration, and invasiveness of bladder cancer cells."

reach
"Furthermore, USP15 promoted cell proliferation, invasion, and EMT progression via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in vitro and promoted the growth of GC cells in vivo."

reach
"USP15 modulates various signal transduction pathways, including the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), NF-kappaB, and Wnt-beta-catenin pathways; however, a role for USP15 in the IFN mediated antiviral innate immune response has not yet been described."

eidos
"] In addition to preventing signaling proteins from degradation by removing K48-linked polyubiquitin chains , USP15 was shown to upregulate RLR signal transduction by indirectly attaching K63-linked polyubiquitin chains on RIG-I ."

reach
"USP15 can promote the proliferation and invasiveness of bladder cancer by mediating the NF-kappaB signaling pathway."

reach
"[180] In addition to preventing signaling proteins from degradation by removing K48 linked polyubiquitin chains, USP15 was shown to upregulate RLR signal transduction by indirectly attaching K63 linked polyubiquitin chains on RIG-I."

reach
"14 We demonstrate herein, for the first time, that USP15 can directly modulate wound healing by stabilizing TBR1 and maintaining the TGF-β signaling pathway, which represents a novel regulatory mechan[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
| 1 3

reach
"Conclusion: USP15 may suppress tumorigenesis of HCC by regulating pathway clusters of signal transduction for gene expression, cell cycle, and DNA repair."

eidos
"However , when expressed alone , USP15 inhibited the IFN signaling pathway ."

reach
"USP15 promotes the apoptosis of degenerative nucleus pulposus cells by suppressing the PI3K and AKT signalling pathway."

reach
"Recent studies have demonstrated that inhibiting USP15 prevents glutamate-induced oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis by activating the NRF2/heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) signaling pathway in HT22 cells [141]."

reach
"As shown in our results, knockdown of USP15 resulted in upregulation of E-cadherin and downregulation of N-cadherin and vimentin, while overexpression of USP15 had the opposite effects, suggesting that USP15 can induce EMT in GC cells."

reach
"Knockdown of USP15 inhibits cell proliferation, invasion, and EMT progression of GC in vitro."

reach
"The above findings indicated that USP15 may promote cell proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT process to become an oncogene of GC."

reach
"USP15 promotes cell proliferation, invasion, and EMT progression of GC via regulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway."

reach
"Herein, we found that USP-15 enhanced the cell stemness, migration, invasion, and EMT of CRC cells, and USP-15 knockdown led to the opposite results ( Figs."

reach
"USP15 knockdown significantly impeded cell proliferation, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and distal colonization in xenograft models, while enhancing oxaliplatin's antitumor effect."

reach
"USP15 knockdown significantly inhibited cell proliferation, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of GC in vitro, while overexpression of USP15 promoted these processes."

reach
"USP15 overexpression promotes cell proliferation, invasion, and EMT progression in GC."

reach
"USP15 promotes cell proliferation, invasion and EMT progression of GC via regulating the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway, which suggests that USP15 is a novel potential therapeutic target for GC."

reach
"Furthermore, USP15 promoted cell proliferation, invasion, and EMT progression via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in vitro and promoted the growth of GC cells in vivo."
USP15 affects TIFAB
| 5 10
| 5 10

sparser
"Deregulation of the TIFAB-USP15 complex, as observed in MDS-del(5q), modulates p53 activity and has critical functional consequences for HSCs under stress conditions [ xref ]."

reach
"Mass spectrometry analysis confirmed that TIFAB binds endogenous TRAF6 in a human del(5q) AML cell line, but these studies also revealed that TIFAB readily binds the ubiquitin-specific peptidase USP15[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

sparser
"In addition to regulating TRAF6, TIFAB also directly binds USP15."

reach
"In addition to regulating TRAF6, TIFAB also directly binds USP15."

sparser
"One of the key substrates regulated by the TIFAB-USP15 axis includes p53. xref Deletion of TIFAB sensitizes hematopoietic cells to a variety of cellular stressors, which are dependent on p53 activation. xref Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed that a p53-related gene signature was positively enriched inTifab -/- ;miR-146a -/- LSK cells treated with LPS compared to vehicle-treatedTifab -/- ;miR-146a -/- cells, while there was no significant enrichment of a p53-related signature in WT cells treated with LPS ( xref )."

sparser
"A number of these TIFAB-interacting proteins appeared to function in ubiquitin-dependent regulatory pathways, partly explained by the interaction of TIFAB with USP15."

reach
"A series of biochemical assays and co-immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed that TIFAB binds USP15, and this appears to be partly dependent on the deubiquitinating (DUB) activity of USP15."

reach
"Moreover, TIFAB likely binds the C-terminal hydrolase domain of USP15, thus placing the binding of TIFAB near the DUB active site."

sparser
"TIFAB forms a complex with USP15, increasing the rate of USP15 deubiquitination and regulating p53 signaling in malignant hematopoietic cells [ xref ]."

sparser
"A series of biochemical assays and co-immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed that TIFAB binds USP15, and this appears to be partly dependent on the deubiquitinating (DUB) activity of USP15."
USP15 affects TGFBR
| 13
USP15 deubiquitinates TGFBR.
| 8
USP15 deubiquitinates TGFBR. 8 / 8
| 8

reach
"USP15 binds to the SMURF2 complex and prevents ubiquitination of the TGF-β receptor resulting in elevated TGF-β signaling."

reach
"USP15 binds to the SMAD7–SMAD E3 ligase complex and deubiquitinates and stabilizes the type I TGF-β receptor (TGFβR-I), leading to an enhanced TGF-β signal."

reach
"USP15 in this trimeric complex deubiquitinates and stabilizes type 1 TGF-beta receptor, upregulating the TGF-beta signaling and providing a critically pathogenic factor for glioblastoma."

reach
"For example, they are involved in the TGF-beta signaling pathway; USP15 deubiquitinates and stabilizes TGF-beta receptor I or receptor activated SMADs, while USP4 regulates the signaling pathway of TGF-beta receptor I and is associated with a poor prognosis in breast cancer."

reach
"USP15 can deubiquitinate type I TGF-β receptor (TβR-I) and enhance TGF-β activity; and over-expression of USP15 is closely related to TGF-β activation as well as a poor prognosis for glioblastoma patients."

reach
"USP15 binds to the SMAD7-SMAD specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2 (SMURF2) complex and deubiquitinates and stabilizes type I TGF-beta receptor (TbetaR-I), leading to an enhanced TGF-beta signal."

reach
"We hypothesized that USP15 deubiquitinated TGF-β receptor I to enhances TGF-β/Smad signaling, which in turn up-regulated USP15, leading to enhancement of the proliferation, migration, invasion, and collagen deposition of hypertrophic scar–derived fibroblasts in vitro."

reach
"It has been known that the TGF-β receptors can be deubiquitinated and stabilized by USP4, USP15 and USP11 [[18], [19], [20]]."
USP15 activates TGFBR.
| 3
USP15 activates TGFBR. 3 / 5
| 3

reach
"USP15 is known to promote stabilization of the TGF-beta receptor and its downstream signal transducers, known as receptor activated SMADS (R-SMADS), thus empowering the TGF-beta signaling [XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"Both USP15 and USP4 stimulate TGF-beta signaling by deubiquitylating and stabilizing two key signaling molecules in this pathway, TGF-beta receptor I (TbetaRI) and R-SMADs, suggesting that these two closely related DUBs act in concert to modulate central signaling processes that are involved in oncogenesis and innate immunity."

reach
"For example, USP15 promotes the stabilization of TGF-β receptor and its downstream signal transducers, thereby resulting in enhanced TGF-β signaling[13,36]."
USP15 binds TGFBR.
| 2
| 2

reach
"USP15 binds to the SMAD7-SMAD specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2 (SMURF2) complex and deubiquitinates and stabilizes type I TGF-beta receptor (TbetaR-I), leading to an enhanced TGF-beta signal."

reach
"USP15 binds to the SMAD7–SMAD E3 ligase complex and deubiquitinates and stabilizes the type I TGF-β receptor (TGFβR-I), leading to an enhanced TGF-β signal."
USP15 affects KEAP1
1 1 | 11 2
USP15 deubiquitinates KEAP1.
1 | 8
USP15 deubiquitinates KEAP1. 9 / 9
1 | 8

reach
"45 In addition, USP15 mediates the deubiquitination of Keap1–Cul3, a E3-ligase of NRF2, which increases degradation of NRF2 and reverses the resistance of cancer cells to radiotherapy and chemotherapy[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"USP15 deubiquitinates Keap1."

reach
"Zhang et al.'s research demonstrated that USP15 deubiquitinates Keap1, enhancing its E3 ligase activity and prolonging Nrf2 ubiquitination, thus suppressing the Nrf2-dependent antioxidant response."

reach
"Here we report that the deubiquitinating enzyme, USP15, specifically deubiquitinates Keap1, which suppresses the Nrf2 pathway."

reach
"Keap1 is deubiquitinated by USP15, which also stabilizes and improves the E3 ligase activity of the Keap1–Cul3–E3 complex [39,45]."

reach
"For example, USP15 is able to deubiquitinate KEAP1 (that can be ubiquitinated by the same E3 ligase complex that ubiquitinates NRF2), resulting in lower protein levels of NRF2 [99]."

reach
"A previous study reported that KEAP1 could be deubiquitinated and stabilized by USP15 and thus promotes NRF2 degradation [38]."

reach
"USP15 activates ubiquitin ligase activity by deubiquitinating Keap1 as its adaptor, promoting the proteasomal degradation of Nrf2."
USP15 binds KEAP1.
1 | 2
1 | 2

sparser
"COP1, along with numerous other ubiquitin ligases, is regulated by the COP9 signalosome; this protein complex is associated with the oxidative stress sensor Keap1 and the deubiquitinase USP15."

sparser
"These findings suggest that AML cells rely on broken redox sensing, instigated by USP15-KEAP1 repression of NRF2-mediated antioxidant programming."

No evidence text available
USP15 activates KEAP1.
| 3
USP15 activates KEAP1. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"The authors also suggested that USP15 promotes adipogenesis because the overexpression of USP15 protects a CRL component, Keap1, from autoubiquitination [42,43]."

reach
"The expression of TIFAB in HSCs allows the signaling of USP15 to different substrates, including MDM2 and KEAP1, leading to a decrease in TP53 expression, which may consequently promote leukemic transformation."

reach
"circADAM9 targets miR-545-3p, which enhances the expression of the deubiquitinating enzyme USP15, activates the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway and leads to a more severe onset of fibrosis 171."
USP15 affects CARD9
3 1 | 1 2 8
USP15 binds CARD9.
3 | 1 8
3 | 1 8

No evidence text available

sparser
"We immunoprecipitated endogenous USP15 with endogenous CARD9, demonstrating that the USP15-CARD9 interaction occurs under physiological conditions."

sparser
"We next tested whether USP15 binds to CARD9 endogenously in primary murine BMDCs."

No evidence text available

sparser
"Importantly, we observed that USP15 binds to CARD9 in BMDCs in the absence of stimulation and that this interaction is largely unaffected by Dectin-1 ligand binding, indicating that USP15 constitutively interacts with CARD9 and may act to prevent aberrant CARD9 signaling at steady state."

sparser
"The negative regulation demonstrated in this study mediated by the USP15-CARD9 association could occur at multiple levels – deactivation of CARD9 after ubiquitination and modulation of CARD9-mediated signaling intensity, duration, or both – with the dynamic balance between TRIM62 and USP15 enzymatic activities likely critical in controlling the overall output of this pathway."

sparser
"More broadly, compounds that modulate the strength of CARD9-USP15 interactions may also represent an avenue for the specific regulation of this signaling pathway in fungal infections and inflammatory or autoimmune syndromes."

sparser
"Here, we identify the deubiquitinase USP15 as a novel regulator of CARD9, demonstrating that USP15 constitutively associates with CARD9 and removes TRIM62-deposited ubiquitin marks."

No evidence text available

sparser
"To validate the interaction between USP15 and CARD9, we overexpressed Flag-StrepII-tagged full length CARD9 as well as N-terminal and C-terminal fragments together with USP15 in HEK293T cells ( xref )."
USP15 deubiquitinates CARD9.
1 | 1 1
USP15 deubiquitinates CARD9. 3 / 3
1 | 1 1

"<span class="match term0">USP15</span> Deubiquitinates <span class="match term1">CARD9</span> to Downregulate C-Type Lectin Receptor-Mediated Signaling"

reach
"USP15 Deubiquitinates CARD9 to Downregulate C-Type Lectin Receptor Mediated Signaling."

trips
"USP15 Deubiquitinates CARD9 to Downregulate C-Type Lectin Receptor-Mediated Signaling."
USP15 affects BMP
| 15
USP15 activates BMP.
| 8
USP15 activates BMP. 8 / 8
| 8

reach
"USP11 targets the effectors of canonical TGFβ signaling, such as SMAD7 and ALK5 [37], while USP15 enhances TGFβ and BMP responses and regulates Wnt/β-catenin signaling [38]."

reach
"Although the mechanisms by which USP15 acts on TGFbeta and BMP signalling proposed in this study differ from those described above, the fundamental observations that USP15 enhances both TGFbeta and BMP signalling are consistent with studies described above XREF_BIBR."

reach
"We therefore asked whether siRNA mediated knockdown of SMAD6 was also able to rescue the inhibition of BMP signalling caused by USP15 depletion."

reach
"In addition, USP15 also promotes TGF-beta and BMP signaling by opposing monoubiquitylation of R-SMADs, thereby allowing activated R-SMAD-SMAD4 complexes to recognize target promoters [XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"Here, our findings show that USP15 DUB activity is essential for BMP signalling, and that loss of USP15 function inhibits BMP signalling in human and mouse cells, as well as during Xenopus embryogenesis."

reach
"Inhibition of USP15 might therefore be employed as a strategy to inhibit BMP signalling."

reach
"Furthermore, they found that USP15 modulates the BMP pathway during Xenopus embryogenesis (Herhaus et al., 2014)."

reach
"In this study USP15 was found to potentiate both the TGF-beta pathway and the related BMP pathway by targeting mono-ubiquitinated R-SMADs for deubiquitination."
USP15 decreases the amount of BMP.
| 4
USP15 decreases the amount of BMP. 4 / 4
| 4

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"They also showed that depletion of USP15 in Hela cells increased polyubiquitynation of BMP type I receptor, and inhibited BMP mediated Smad1 phosphorylation and BMP target gene transcription."

reach
"RNAi mediated depletion of USP15 increases ALK3 K48 linked polyubiquitylation, and reduces both BMP induced SMAD1 phosphorylation and transcription of BMP target genes."

reach
"Consistent with this, pretreatment of HEK293 cells with the proteasomal inhibitor bortezomib does indeed rescue BMP induced pSMAD1 levels reduced by USP15 depletion (XREF_FIG b)."

reach
"Depletion of USP15 reduces BMP induced phosphorylation of SMAD1 and the transcription of BMP-target genes, as well as inhibiting the differentiation of myoblasts into osteoblasts."
USP15 deubiquitinates BMP.
| 3
USP15 deubiquitinates BMP. 3 / 3
| 3

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"Herhaus and coworkers showed that USP15 can interact with and deubiquitinate BMP type I receptors, thereby promoting phosphorylation of Smad1 (Herhaus et al., 2014)."

reach
"Here, we demonstrate that USP15 interacts with and deubiquitylates the type I BMP receptor ALK3."

reach
"Here, we demonstrate that USP15 enhances BMP signalling by associating with and deubiquitylating the BMP type I receptor ALK3."
USP15 affects BECN1
2 | 13
2 | 13

sparser
"USP15 can interact with BECN1 and induce deubiquitination of BCEN1, thereby inhibiting the induction of autophagy (indicated as red dashed arrow)."

sparser
"USP15 interacts with BECN1 and induces deubiquitination of BECN1."

sparser
"Recently, Kim et al. found that USP15 interacted with BECN1 and induced deubiquitination of BECN1, thereby attenuating autophagy induction and negatively regulating lung cancer progression ( xref )."

No evidence text available

sparser
"Interestingly, USP15 interacted with BECN1 (Fig. xref , lane 4), whereas no significant interaction was observed between USP15 and TRAF6 (Fig. xref , lane 4)."

No evidence text available

sparser
"To confirm the interaction between USP15 and BECN1 1-127 mutant, IP assay was further performed."

sparser
"As shown in Fig. xref , FLAG-USP15 interacted with MYC-BECN1 WT and MYC-BECN1 1-127 mutant (Fig. xref , lanes 4 and 5), indicating that USP15 could interact with the N-terminal domain of BECN1 (Fig. xref )."

sparser
"To further verify the molecular interaction between USP15 and BECN1, we performed a semi-endogenous IP assay because the anti-USP15 antibody used in this study was not suitable for IP assay."

sparser
"FLAG-USP15 interacted with endogenous BECN1 in the absence of LPS stimulation, and the interaction was significantly enhanced in the presence of LPS stimulation (Fig. xref , lane 4 vs. lane 3), indicating that USP15 interacts with endogenous BECN1."
TIFAB affects USP15
| 5 10
| 5 10

sparser
"Deregulation of the TIFAB-USP15 complex, as observed in MDS-del(5q), modulates p53 activity and has critical functional consequences for HSCs under stress conditions [ xref ]."

reach
"Mass spectrometry analysis confirmed that TIFAB binds endogenous TRAF6 in a human del(5q) AML cell line, but these studies also revealed that TIFAB readily binds the ubiquitin-specific peptidase USP15[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

sparser
"In addition to regulating TRAF6, TIFAB also directly binds USP15."

reach
"In addition to regulating TRAF6, TIFAB also directly binds USP15."

sparser
"One of the key substrates regulated by the TIFAB-USP15 axis includes p53. xref Deletion of TIFAB sensitizes hematopoietic cells to a variety of cellular stressors, which are dependent on p53 activation. xref Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed that a p53-related gene signature was positively enriched inTifab -/- ;miR-146a -/- LSK cells treated with LPS compared to vehicle-treatedTifab -/- ;miR-146a -/- cells, while there was no significant enrichment of a p53-related signature in WT cells treated with LPS ( xref )."

sparser
"A number of these TIFAB-interacting proteins appeared to function in ubiquitin-dependent regulatory pathways, partly explained by the interaction of TIFAB with USP15."

reach
"A series of biochemical assays and co-immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed that TIFAB binds USP15, and this appears to be partly dependent on the deubiquitinating (DUB) activity of USP15."

reach
"Moreover, TIFAB likely binds the C-terminal hydrolase domain of USP15, thus placing the binding of TIFAB near the DUB active site."

sparser
"TIFAB forms a complex with USP15, increasing the rate of USP15 deubiquitination and regulating p53 signaling in malignant hematopoietic cells [ xref ]."

sparser
"A series of biochemical assays and co-immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed that TIFAB binds USP15, and this appears to be partly dependent on the deubiquitinating (DUB) activity of USP15."
BRAP affects USP15
1 3 1 | 7
BRAP binds USP15.
3 | 4
3 | 1

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

sparser
"Hayes et al. showed that the interaction of USP15 and IMP is mediated through DUSP-UBL domain of USP15 and coiled coil region of IMP."
USP4 binds USP15 and BRAP. 3 / 3
| 3

sparser
"This reinforces the notion that although both USP4 and USP15 can interact with BRAP under certain experimental conditions, the USP15:BRAP rather than USP4:BRAP interaction may be of most relevance within a physiological setting."

sparser
"In summary, USP4 and USP15 interact with the coiled-coil domain of BRAP through their N-terminal regions, requiring a combination of DUSP and UBL domains ( xref C )."

sparser
"We turned to expression of epitope-tagged proteins to confirm the interactions of USP4 and USP15 with BRAP in the context of a mammalian cell system."
BRAP ubiquitinates USP15.
1 1 | 3
BRAP ubiquitinates USP15. 5 / 5
1 1 | 3

sparser
"USP15 as well as USP4 oppose the autoubiquitylation of BRAP, whereas BRAP promotes the ubiquitylation of USP15."

"Here we report on a novel interaction between the E3 ligase BRAP (also referred to as IMP), a negative regulator of the MAPK scaffold protein KSR, and two closely related deubiquitylases, USP15 and USP4. USP15 as well as USP4 oppose the autoubiquitylation of BRAP, whereas BRAP promotes the ubiquitylation of USP15."

sparser
"In turn, BRAP can ubiquitylate USP15, which is opposed by its intrinsic catalytic activity."

sparser
"We have been able to show that USP4 and USP15 can oppose this BRAP ubiquitylation and that BRAP can promote ubiquitylation of catalytically inactive USP15."
BECN1 affects USP15
2 | 13
2 | 13

sparser
"USP15 can interact with BECN1 and induce deubiquitination of BCEN1, thereby inhibiting the induction of autophagy (indicated as red dashed arrow)."

sparser
"USP15 interacts with BECN1 and induces deubiquitination of BECN1."

sparser
"Recently, Kim et al. found that USP15 interacted with BECN1 and induced deubiquitination of BECN1, thereby attenuating autophagy induction and negatively regulating lung cancer progression ( xref )."

No evidence text available

sparser
"Interestingly, USP15 interacted with BECN1 (Fig. xref , lane 4), whereas no significant interaction was observed between USP15 and TRAF6 (Fig. xref , lane 4)."

No evidence text available

sparser
"To confirm the interaction between USP15 and BECN1 1-127 mutant, IP assay was further performed."

sparser
"As shown in Fig. xref , FLAG-USP15 interacted with MYC-BECN1 WT and MYC-BECN1 1-127 mutant (Fig. xref , lanes 4 and 5), indicating that USP15 could interact with the N-terminal domain of BECN1 (Fig. xref )."

sparser
"To further verify the molecular interaction between USP15 and BECN1, we performed a semi-endogenous IP assay because the anti-USP15 antibody used in this study was not suitable for IP assay."

sparser
"FLAG-USP15 interacted with endogenous BECN1 in the absence of LPS stimulation, and the interaction was significantly enhanced in the presence of LPS stimulation (Fig. xref , lane 4 vs. lane 3), indicating that USP15 interacts with endogenous BECN1."
USP15 affects TAFAZZIN
1 | 10 3
USP15 binds TAFAZZIN.
1 | 5 3
1 | 5 3

sparser
"Coimmunoprecipitation assays indicated that USP15 could interact with YAP1, while TAZ bound to USP15 after hypoxia treatment."

sparser
"As shown in Fig. xref , endogenous USP15 could interact with YAP1 in the control and hypoxic hPASMCs, while the interaction between USP15 and TAZ was observed upon hypoxia treatment."

reach
"Coimmunoprecipitation assays indicated that USP15 could interact with YAP1, while TAZ bound to USP15 after hypoxia treatment."

reach
"To determine the functional association between USP15 and YAP1/TAZ, we performed coimmunoprecipitation analyses."

sparser
"However, an interaction between USP15 and TAZ was observed under hypoxia."

reach
"As shown in Fig. 8a–c, endogenous USP15 could interact with YAP1 in the control and hypoxic hPASMCs, while the interaction between USP15 and TAZ was observed upon hypoxia treatment."

reach
"We thus investigated the functional association between USP15 and YAP1/TAZ."

reach
"However, an interaction between USP15 and TAZ was observed under hypoxia."

No evidence text available
USP15 activates TAFAZZIN.
| 5
| 5

reach
"USP15 deficiency inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and YAP1/TAZ signaling in hypoxia-induced hPASMCs."

reach
"USP15 overexpression promoted hPASMC proliferation and migration in a YAP1/TAZ-dependent manner."

reach
"To further explore whether USP15 mediated hPASMC proliferation and migration in a YAP1/TAZ-dependent manner, we achieved the depletion of YAP1 or TAZ in USP15-overexpressing hPASMCs by corresponding adenovirus infection."

reach
"Human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (hPASMCs) were exposed to hypoxia to mimic PH in vitro, and USP15 knockdown significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and YAP1/TAZ signaling in hypoxic hPASMCs."

reach
"Rescue assays further suggested that USP15 promoted hPASMC proliferation and migration in a YAP1/TAZ-dependent manner."
USP15 affects FF
| 14
| 14

sparser
"In contrast, inactive FF-USP15 CS redistributed primarily to intracellular punctate structures that were positive for HiBiT-CTLA4-FH ( xref )."

sparser
"Consistent with this hypothesis, inclusion of the lysosomal (v-ATPase) inhibitor concanamycin A resulted in a marked rescue in the FF-USP15 CS protein levels and signal intensity ( xref )."

sparser
"Lastly, we incubated cell lysates derived from FF-USP15 expressing cells with a reactive ubiquitin probe (Ubiquitin-Propargylamide, Ub-PA), which binds to WT but not CS mutant FF-USP15, producing a characteristic upshift in SDS–PAGE ( xref ) ( xref )."

sparser
"Using our optimised protocol, we observed a 1.5 to 2-fold increase in HA-FRB*-c-Myc levels only upon Dox induction in FF-USP15 WT but not in CS expressing cells and only if treated for 24 h with the heterodimeriser A/C ( xref )."

sparser
"We then transiently transfected this construct, CTLA4-FRB*-HA (CTLA4-FH), into FF-USP15 HEK293 cells (-Dox) and then inhibited translation with cycloheximide (CHX) to estimate protein half-life."

sparser
"Induction of FF-USP15 WT, but not the CS mutant, imparts >2-fold increase in CTLA4-FH levels that is contingent on the A/C heterodimeriser ( xref )."

sparser
"Reciprocal pulldown experiments of CTLA4-FH and FF-USP15 under these conditions demonstrate that ternary complex formation is comparable in WT and CS mutant cells ( xref ; note increased levels of CTLA4-FH in WT [+Dox, +A/C] input samples)."

sparser
"For RapTag experiments scheduled according to the protocol shown in xref , overexpression of FF-USP15 WT or CS reach ∼40 to 50-fold the levels of endogenous USP15 at the point of lysis ( xref )."

sparser
"Immunofluorescence microscopy confirmed that (i) most of the cells in the pool uniformly expressed the transgene after 24 h of induction and (ii) that FF-USP15 WT and CS mutant localise to both cytosolic and nucleoplasmic compartments as previously reported for endogenous USP15 ( xref ) ( xref )."

sparser
"In agreement with our Western blot results ( xref ), we noticed an overall decrease in signal intensity for FF-USP15 CS in cells treated with A/C. We reasoned that this may reflect bystander degradation because of complex formation with CTLA4 and subsequent rapid shuttling of ubiquitylated CTLA4-USP15 CS heterodimers to the lysosome."
USP15 affects EIF4A1
2 1 | 1 5 5
USP15 binds EIF4A1.
2 | 1 5
2 | 1 5

sparser
"Since USP15 could interact with EIF4A1, we then investigated whether EIF4A1 expression could be regulated by USP15."

sparser
"USP15 Interacted With EIF4A1."

sparser
"Together, these results suggest that the USP15-EIF4A1 axis is a key mediator of the reepithelialization process."

reach
"In prior studies, USP15 was shown to interact with EIF4A1 and to thereby accelerate wound healing [XREF_BIBR]."

No evidence text available

sparser
"Conclusively, the USP15-EIF4A1 complex significantly accelerated re-epithelialization in wound healing."

No evidence text available

sparser
"In addition, a western blot assay proved that the USP15 protein could be pulled down in the anti-EIF4A1 group, which indicated a direct interaction between EIF4A1 and USP15 ( xref )."
USP15 deubiquitinates EIF4A1.
1 | 1 4
USP15 leads to the deubiquitination of EIF4A1. 6 / 6
1 | 1 4

reach
"At the mechanistic level, USP15 enhances the functional properties of HaCaT cells by promoting EIF4A1 deubiquitination."

trips
"USP15 Enhances Re-epithelialization Through Deubiquitinating EIF4A1 During Cutaneous Wound Repair."

reach
"At a mechanistic level, USP15 enhanced the functional properties of HaCaT cells by promoting EIF4A1 deubiquitination."

reach
"USP15 Enhances HaCaT Cell Functionality by Promoting EIF4A1 Deubiquitination."

reach
"Together, these data suggested that USP15 can enhance the migration and proliferation of HaCaT cells by promoting EIF4A1 deubiquitination."

"Platelet-Rich Plasma-Derived Exosomal <span class="match term0">USP15</span> Promotes Cutaneous Wound Healing via Deubiquitinating <span class="match term1">EIF4A1</span>"
USP15 affects CTNNB1
3 1 | 9 1
USP15 binds CTNNB1.
3 | 1 1
3 | 1 1

No evidence text available

sparser
"Likewise, USP15 interacts with β-catenin and regulates osteoblasts via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway [ xref ]."

reach
"Both USP15 and USP47 form a complex with beta-catenin leading to its deubiquitination and stabilization [248,249]."

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
USP15 increases the amount of CTNNB1.
| 4
USP15 increases the amount of CTNNB1. 4 / 4
| 4

reach
"In our study, knockdown of USP15 significantly reduced the nuclear expression of β-catenin and downregulation of Wnt/β-catenin downstream genes in GC cells, while USP15 overexpression yielded opposite results, and there was no change in the USP15 C269S group (USP15 mutant), indicating that USP15 acted as a Wnt/β-catenin pathway activator."

reach
"Furthermore, silence of USP15 or PRPF19 in ABHD11-AS1-overexpressing HCC15 cells also reduced CD44, CD44v6, total and active β-catenin levels, and these effects were partially reversed by CD44v6 overexpression (Fig. 8d)."

reach
"In addition, knockdown of USP15 or PRPF19 drastically decreased CD44, CD44v6, total and active β-catenin levels in A549 cells."

reach
"In addition, USP15 knockdown significantly reduced the protein levels of β-catenin, c-myc, and cyclin D1 in tumor tissue of nude mouse, consistent with the in vitro results (Figure 6D)."
USP15 inhibits CTNNB1.
| 3
USP15 inhibits CTNNB1. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"USP4 negatively regulates Wnt signaling by interacting with Nemolike kinase [XREF_BIBR] and USP15 promotes beta-catenin degradation through the stabilization of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), a negative regulator of Wnt mediated transcription [XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"USP15 in turn prevents the basal turnover of beta-catenin by inhibiting its ubiquitin dependent proteasomal degradation, thereby enhancing WNT signaling."

reach
"Furthermore, USP15 promotes β-catenin degradation by stabilizing the tumor suppressor protein APC [ 30 ]."
USP15 deubiquitinates CTNNB1.
1 | 1
USP15 deubiquitinates CTNNB1. 2 / 2
1 | 1

"Additionally, DUBs USP14, <span class="match term0">USP15</span>, USP47, and Fam/USP9X have been reported to prevent <span class="match term1">BETA-CATENIN</span> turnover by inhibiting its Ub-proteasomal degradation"

reach
"In addition, β-catenin is deubiquitinated by USP15 and USP4 [ 38 , 39 ]."
SMAD6 affects USP15
3 | 5 2
SMAD6 binds USP15.
3 | 4 2
3 | 4 2

No evidence text available

reach
"Interestingly, the interaction between GFP-USP15 and HA-SMAD6 was completely abolished by FLAG-ALK3 overexpression (XREF_FIG b), suggesting that USP15 : SMAD6 and USP15 : ALK3 interactions could be mutually exclusive."

reach
"We show that USP15 interacts with SMAD6 and ALK3 and enhances BMP signalling by deubiquitylating ALK3 and rescuing it from proteasomal destruction."

No evidence text available

sparser
"FLAG-SMAD6, but none of the other FLAG-SMADs, was detected in USP15 IPs ( xref d ), indicating the selective nature of the interaction between SMAD6 and USP15."

No evidence text available

sparser
"The selective nature of the interaction between USP15 and SMAD6 prompted us to investigate a possible role for USP15 in BMP signalling."

reach
"FLAG-SMAD6, but none of the other FLAG-SMADs, was detected in USP15 IPs (XREF_FIG d), indicating the selective nature of the interaction between SMAD6 and USP15."

reach
"The selective nature of the interaction between USP15 and SMAD6 prompted us to investigate a possible role for USP15 in BMP signalling."
SMAD6 inhibits USP15.
| 1
SMAD6 inhibits USP15. 1 / 2
| 1

reach
"SMAD6 overexpression disrupts the association of USP15 with ALK3 and potently inhibits BMP signalling."
FF affects USP15
| 14
| 14

sparser
"In contrast, inactive FF-USP15 CS redistributed primarily to intracellular punctate structures that were positive for HiBiT-CTLA4-FH ( xref )."

sparser
"Consistent with this hypothesis, inclusion of the lysosomal (v-ATPase) inhibitor concanamycin A resulted in a marked rescue in the FF-USP15 CS protein levels and signal intensity ( xref )."

sparser
"Lastly, we incubated cell lysates derived from FF-USP15 expressing cells with a reactive ubiquitin probe (Ubiquitin-Propargylamide, Ub-PA), which binds to WT but not CS mutant FF-USP15, producing a characteristic upshift in SDS–PAGE ( xref ) ( xref )."

sparser
"Using our optimised protocol, we observed a 1.5 to 2-fold increase in HA-FRB*-c-Myc levels only upon Dox induction in FF-USP15 WT but not in CS expressing cells and only if treated for 24 h with the heterodimeriser A/C ( xref )."

sparser
"We then transiently transfected this construct, CTLA4-FRB*-HA (CTLA4-FH), into FF-USP15 HEK293 cells (-Dox) and then inhibited translation with cycloheximide (CHX) to estimate protein half-life."

sparser
"Induction of FF-USP15 WT, but not the CS mutant, imparts >2-fold increase in CTLA4-FH levels that is contingent on the A/C heterodimeriser ( xref )."

sparser
"Reciprocal pulldown experiments of CTLA4-FH and FF-USP15 under these conditions demonstrate that ternary complex formation is comparable in WT and CS mutant cells ( xref ; note increased levels of CTLA4-FH in WT [+Dox, +A/C] input samples)."

sparser
"For RapTag experiments scheduled according to the protocol shown in xref , overexpression of FF-USP15 WT or CS reach ∼40 to 50-fold the levels of endogenous USP15 at the point of lysis ( xref )."

sparser
"Immunofluorescence microscopy confirmed that (i) most of the cells in the pool uniformly expressed the transgene after 24 h of induction and (ii) that FF-USP15 WT and CS mutant localise to both cytosolic and nucleoplasmic compartments as previously reported for endogenous USP15 ( xref ) ( xref )."

sparser
"In agreement with our Western blot results ( xref ), we noticed an overall decrease in signal intensity for FF-USP15 CS in cells treated with A/C. We reasoned that this may reflect bystander degradation because of complex formation with CTLA4 and subsequent rapid shuttling of ubiquitylated CTLA4-USP15 CS heterodimers to the lysosome."
USP15 affects SHC1
1 | 12
1 | 12

sparser
"This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism of p66Shc in liver I/R and characterize the interaction between USP15 and p66Shc."

No evidence text available

sparser
"Strikingly, the clinical relevance of USP15 and p66Shc was observed in patients subjected to liver transplantation, indicating a potential interaction between USP15 and p66Shc in liver I/R injury."

sparser
"Thus, USP15 interacts with p66Shc and stabilizes p66Shc expression via its deubiquitinating activity."

sparser
"Considering the interaction between USP15 and p66Shc as well as the deubiquitinating activity of USP15, USP15 may exert an effect on p66Shc deubiquitination."

sparser
"The following study focused on the interaction between USP15 and p66Shc, and the interacting peptides between them were shown in Fig. xref ."

sparser
"We found that USP15 interacts with p66Shc in the SH2 domain that has been shown to be critical for protein-protein interactions [ xref ]."

sparser
"Thus, the interaction between USP15 and p66Shc mainly depends on the deubiquitylating activity of USP15."

sparser
"As shown in Fig. xref , USP15 and p66Shc efficiently interacted with each other."

sparser
"Specifically, USP15 interacted with the SH2 domain of p66Shc and maintained its stabilization by removing ubiquitin."
TUT1 affects USP15
6 | 1 6
6 | 1 6

reach
"Previously, we found that SART3 serves as a scaffold to strengthen the binding between USP15 and TUT1, and SART3 deletion mutant attenuates this binding [ 1 ]."

sparser
"Moreover, inhibition of the USP15-TUT1 cascade triggered mild and chronic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress."

sparser
"These findings provide a possibility that disturbance of the USP15-TUT1 cascade may induce chronic and mild ER stress, leading to an acceleration of neurodegenerative phenotype."

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

sparser
"Because the USP15-TUT1 axis is crucial for regulating U6-snRNA stabilization [ 1 ], we speculated that USP4 regulates TUT1 via deubiquitination, as does USP15 ( Fig. 2 B)."

sparser
"We presumed that SART3 regulates the binding of USP4 with TUT1 similar to the USP15-TUT1 interaction."

No evidence text available

sparser
"Because this mutant also suppresses the interaction of USP15 with TUT1 [ 1 ], we assumed that overexpression of SART3 affects endogenous USP15 rather than USP4."

No evidence text available
SHC1 affects USP15
1 | 12
1 | 12

sparser
"This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism of p66Shc in liver I/R and characterize the interaction between USP15 and p66Shc."

No evidence text available

sparser
"Strikingly, the clinical relevance of USP15 and p66Shc was observed in patients subjected to liver transplantation, indicating a potential interaction between USP15 and p66Shc in liver I/R injury."

sparser
"Thus, USP15 interacts with p66Shc and stabilizes p66Shc expression via its deubiquitinating activity."

sparser
"Considering the interaction between USP15 and p66Shc as well as the deubiquitinating activity of USP15, USP15 may exert an effect on p66Shc deubiquitination."

sparser
"The following study focused on the interaction between USP15 and p66Shc, and the interacting peptides between them were shown in Fig. xref ."

sparser
"We found that USP15 interacts with p66Shc in the SH2 domain that has been shown to be critical for protein-protein interactions [ xref ]."

sparser
"Thus, the interaction between USP15 and p66Shc mainly depends on the deubiquitylating activity of USP15."

sparser
"As shown in Fig. xref , USP15 and p66Shc efficiently interacted with each other."

sparser
"Specifically, USP15 interacted with the SH2 domain of p66Shc and maintained its stabilization by removing ubiquitin."
BMPR1A affects USP15
3 | 5 2
3 | 5 2

reach
"The strong interaction between USP15 and ALK3 and their co-localization at the plasma membrane suggested that USP15 could act as a DUB for ALK3."

reach
"We show that USP15 interacts with SMAD6 and ALK3 and enhances BMP signalling by deubiquitylating ALK3 and rescuing it from proteasomal destruction."

reach
"Next, we tested how SMAD6 affected the interaction between GFP-USP15 and FLAG-ALK3 (XREF_FIG b)."

No evidence text available

reach
"Here, we demonstrate that USP15 interacts with and deubiquitylates the type I BMP receptor ALK3."

reach
"It was shown that USP15 interacts with type I BMP receptors, including ALK3, co-localises with ALK3 at the membrane and deubiquitylates ALK3, thereby countering the inhibition of the BMP pathway caused by SMAD6 XREF_BIBR."

sparser
"The strong interaction between USP15 and ALK3 and their co-localization at the plasma membrane suggested that USP15 could act as a DUB for ALK3."

sparser
"SMAD6 overexpression disrupts the association of USP15 with ALK3 and potently inhibits BMP signalling."

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
USP7 affects USP15
2 | 3 7
2 | 3 7

sparser
"Therefore, our results demonstrate for the first time the activation of the USP7-USP15 axis in MDS, indicating its role in controlling genomic instability in this disease."

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

reach
"In order to disturb specific interactions between the Ub structure and USP7 and USP15, we incorporated mutations in the sequence of this mutant, (M6)."

sparser
"In addition to USP15, USP7 was also found to deubiquitinate MDM2 [ xref ]; furthermore, a previous study demonstrated the physical interaction between USP7 and USP15 [ xref ]."

sparser
"These findings suggest that the differential expression of the USP15-USP7 axis and UBE2T may play an important role in controlling genomic instability and the chromosomal abnormalities that are a striking characteristic of MDS."

sparser
"The USP15-USP7 Axis Is Downregulated in De Novo Brazilian MDS Patients."

reach
"In addition to USP15, USP7 was also found to deubiquitinate MDM2 [73]; furthermore, a previous study demonstrated the physical interaction between USP7 and USP15 [74]."

sparser
"Our results highlight that the differential gene expression of the USP15-USP7 axis and UBE2T can play a crucial role in the control of genomic instability, which is one of the most significant features of MDS, particularly chromosomal abnormalities."

sparser
"In myelodysplastic neoplasm, the differential expression of USP15-USP7 axis and UBE2T may predict pathogenesis and poor prognosis of patients ( xref )."
USP15 affects SMAD6
3 | 4 2
3 | 4 2

No evidence text available

reach
"Interestingly, the interaction between GFP-USP15 and HA-SMAD6 was completely abolished by FLAG-ALK3 overexpression (XREF_FIG b), suggesting that USP15 : SMAD6 and USP15 : ALK3 interactions could be mutually exclusive."

reach
"We show that USP15 interacts with SMAD6 and ALK3 and enhances BMP signalling by deubiquitylating ALK3 and rescuing it from proteasomal destruction."

No evidence text available

sparser
"FLAG-SMAD6, but none of the other FLAG-SMADs, was detected in USP15 IPs ( xref d ), indicating the selective nature of the interaction between SMAD6 and USP15."

No evidence text available

sparser
"The selective nature of the interaction between USP15 and SMAD6 prompted us to investigate a possible role for USP15 in BMP signalling."

reach
"FLAG-SMAD6, but none of the other FLAG-SMADs, was detected in USP15 IPs (XREF_FIG d), indicating the selective nature of the interaction between SMAD6 and USP15."

reach
"The selective nature of the interaction between USP15 and SMAD6 prompted us to investigate a possible role for USP15 in BMP signalling."
USP15 affects Proteasome
| 7 1
USP15 activates Proteasome.
| 3
| 3

reach
"USP15 protein enhances the proteasome-mediated degradation of proteins."

reach
"Furthermore, we examined whether USP15 can activate the NRF1 induced endogenous proteasome activity."

reach
"Thus, we concluded that USP15 activates proteasome activity through regulating Nrf1 function.We next examined whether the knockdown of endogenous USP15 reduces the NRF1 mediated expression of the prot[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
USP15 increases the amount of Proteasome.
| 2
USP15 increases the amount of Proteasome. 2 / 3
| 2

reach
"We surmise that Nrf1 activating stresses facilitate the USP15 mediated deubiquitination rather than the beta-TrCP-mediated ubiquitination, thereby promoting the expression of Nrf1 target genes.The dat[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"Consequently, USP15 siRNA activated the expression of proteasome genes, such as PSMC4 and PSMA4."
USP15 inhibits Proteasome.
| 1
| 1

reach
"Nevertheless, USP15 siRNA significantly reduced the induction of proteasome genes by the proteasome inhibitors."
USP15 binds Proteasome.
| 1 1
| 1 1

reach
"Ubp6/USP15 is tightly bound to the proteasome at high (close-to stoichiometric) abundance and participates in recycling of Ubiquitin [54,71,74] ."

sparser
"Although there is a report revealing that USP15 may be associated with the 26S proteasome during substrate degradation [ xref ], the functional details need further study."
USP15 affects PRPF3
3 | 9
USP15 deubiquitinates PRPF3.
| 9
USP15 deubiquitinates PRPF3. 9 / 9
| 9

reach
"Moreover, we found that USP15 and USP4 deubiquitinated substrates PRP31 and PRP3 simultaneously."

reach
"PRP3 was deubiquitinated by USP4 consistent with a previous report but not by USP15."

reach
"PRP3 was deubiquitinated by USP15 in the presence of PRP19."

reach
"These findings suggest that USP15 deubiquitinates PRP3 as well as PRP31 when they are ubiquitinated by E3 ligase although USP15 may have more preference for PRP31."

reach
"However, USP15 deubiquitinated PRP3 in the presence of E3 ligase."

reach
"Moreover, it was reported that Sart3, Usp4 and Usp15 form a complex in order to de-ubiquitinate Prp3 and Prp31 simultaneously."
| PMC

reach
"As the splicing cycle progresses, PRPF3 and PRPF31 are deubiquitinated by USP4 and USP15, respectively (Song et al., 2010; Das et al., 2017)."

reach
"Deubiquitination of PRP31 and PRP3 by the USP15, SART3, and USP4 complex decreases the affinity towards PRP8 and this regulation is important for the proper splicing of chromosome segregation related genes such as Bub1 and alpha-tubulin."

reach
"In addition, the other study reports that USP4, the USP15 homolog, binds to Tip110 and deubiquitinates Prp3, component of the U4 snRNP, during the spilceosome cycle ( Song et al., 2010 )."
USP15 binds PRPF3.
3 |
3 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
USP15 affects PARP1
5 | 2 5
5 | 2 5

sparser
"Two PARP1 mutations found in individuals with breast cancer (E90K and S104R) enhanced the PARP1-USP15 interaction and suppressed PARP1 ubiquitination, thereby elevating the protein level of PARP1."

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

reach
"Here, we demonstrated that the deubiquitinase USP15 interacts with and deubiquitinates PARP1 to promote its stability, thereby stimulating DNA repair, genomic stability and TNBC cell proliferation."

sparser
"ER binds to the USP15 promoter to suppress its expression, PR inhibits the deubiquitinating enzyme activity of USP15, and HER2 disrupts the PARP1USP15 interaction (Figure  xref )."

No evidence text available

reach
"For example, the deubiquitinase USP15 interacts with and deubiquitinates PARP1, promoting its stability and thereby stimulating DNA repair, genomic stability, and the proliferation of triple‐negative breast cancer cells."

sparser
"Additionally, a previous study has shown that USP15 can interact with PARP1 [ xref ]."
USP15 affects MAPK1
| 4 8
USP15 binds MAPK1.
| 2 8
| 2 8

sparser
"Immunoprecipitation and deubiquitination assays were used to examine whether USP15 could bind to ERK2 and affect the deubiquitination of ERK2."

sparser
"And USP15 can form a complex with ERK2 to regulate ubiquitination of ERK2."

sparser
"USP15 can form a complex with ERK2."

sparser
"Indeed, endogenous USP15 can form a complex with endogenous ERK2 in rat articular chondrocytes (Fig. xref a and Supplementary Fig.  xref a, b)."

reach
"Immunoprecipitation and deubiquitination assays were used to examine whether USP15 could bind to ERK2 and affect the deubiquitination of ERK2."

reach
"And USP15 can form a complex with ERK2 to regulate ubiquitination of ERK2."

sparser
"Since USP15 can interact with ERK2, we hypothesized that USP15 deubiquitinates ERK2."

sparser
"Mechanistically, USP15 interacted with ERK2 and form a complex to govern the ubiquitination of ERK2."

sparser
"These results indicated that although USP15 can bind to and deubiquitinate ERK2, USP15 was not resistant to degradation by the ERK2 ubiquitination hydrolase."

sparser
"Co-immunocoprecipitation assays in our current studies showed that USP15 could bind to ERK2."
USP15 deubiquitinates MAPK1.
| 2
USP15 deubiquitinates MAPK1. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"USP15 also inhibits OA progression by deubiquitinating ERK2 and enhancing ERK2-induced TGF-β/SMAD2 signaling."

reach
"ERK2 is deubiquitinated by USP15, but the stability of the protein is not affected."
USP15 affects BRAP
1 3 1 | 4
USP15 binds BRAP.
3 | 4
3 | 1

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

sparser
"Hayes et al. showed that the interaction of USP15 and IMP is mediated through DUSP-UBL domain of USP15 and coiled coil region of IMP."
USP4 binds USP15 and BRAP. 3 / 3
| 3

sparser
"This reinforces the notion that although both USP4 and USP15 can interact with BRAP under certain experimental conditions, the USP15:BRAP rather than USP4:BRAP interaction may be of most relevance within a physiological setting."

sparser
"In summary, USP4 and USP15 interact with the coiled-coil domain of BRAP through their N-terminal regions, requiring a combination of DUSP and UBL domains ( xref C )."

sparser
"We turned to expression of epitope-tagged proteins to confirm the interactions of USP4 and USP15 with BRAP in the context of a mammalian cell system."
USP15 deubiquitinates BRAP.
1 1 |
USP15 deubiquitinates BRAP. 2 / 2
1 1 |

"Here we report on a novel interaction between the E3 ligase BRAP (also referred to as IMP), a negative regulator of the MAPK scaffold protein KSR, and two closely related deubiquitylases, USP15 and USP4. USP15 as well as USP4 oppose the autoubiquitylation of BRAP, whereas BRAP promotes the ubiquitylation of USP15."
PARP1 affects USP15
5 | 2 5
5 | 2 5

sparser
"Two PARP1 mutations found in individuals with breast cancer (E90K and S104R) enhanced the PARP1-USP15 interaction and suppressed PARP1 ubiquitination, thereby elevating the protein level of PARP1."

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

reach
"Here, we demonstrated that the deubiquitinase USP15 interacts with and deubiquitinates PARP1 to promote its stability, thereby stimulating DNA repair, genomic stability and TNBC cell proliferation."

sparser
"ER binds to the USP15 promoter to suppress its expression, PR inhibits the deubiquitinating enzyme activity of USP15, and HER2 disrupts the PARP1USP15 interaction (Figure  xref )."

No evidence text available

reach
"For example, the deubiquitinase USP15 interacts with and deubiquitinates PARP1, promoting its stability and thereby stimulating DNA repair, genomic stability, and the proliferation of triple‐negative breast cancer cells."

sparser
"Additionally, a previous study has shown that USP15 can interact with PARP1 [ xref ]."
CARD9 affects USP15
3 | 1 8
3 | 1 8

No evidence text available

sparser
"We immunoprecipitated endogenous USP15 with endogenous CARD9, demonstrating that the USP15-CARD9 interaction occurs under physiological conditions."

sparser
"We next tested whether USP15 binds to CARD9 endogenously in primary murine BMDCs."

No evidence text available

sparser
"Importantly, we observed that USP15 binds to CARD9 in BMDCs in the absence of stimulation and that this interaction is largely unaffected by Dectin-1 ligand binding, indicating that USP15 constitutively interacts with CARD9 and may act to prevent aberrant CARD9 signaling at steady state."

sparser
"The negative regulation demonstrated in this study mediated by the USP15-CARD9 association could occur at multiple levels – deactivation of CARD9 after ubiquitination and modulation of CARD9-mediated signaling intensity, duration, or both – with the dynamic balance between TRIM62 and USP15 enzymatic activities likely critical in controlling the overall output of this pathway."

sparser
"More broadly, compounds that modulate the strength of CARD9-USP15 interactions may also represent an avenue for the specific regulation of this signaling pathway in fungal infections and inflammatory or autoimmune syndromes."

sparser
"Here, we identify the deubiquitinase USP15 as a novel regulator of CARD9, demonstrating that USP15 constitutively associates with CARD9 and removes TRIM62-deposited ubiquitin marks."

No evidence text available

sparser
"To validate the interaction between USP15 and CARD9, we overexpressed Flag-StrepII-tagged full length CARD9 as well as N-terminal and C-terminal fragments together with USP15 in HEK293T cells ( xref )."
CGAS affects USP15
| 11
USP15 binds cGAS. 10 / 11
| 11

sparser
"Although the direct interaction between cGAS and USP15 was abolished in the GST pull-down assay, their interaction remained to some extent after the IDR of USP15 was deleted in the co-IP assay, indicating the indirect interaction between cGAS and USP15 in cells, which might be responsible for the process of cGAS deubiquitylation by USP15 ( xref )."

sparser
"In the resting state, USP15 interacts with cGAS, promoting its dimerization and phase separation through multivalent interactions."

sparser
"Consistently, the interaction between cGAS and USP15 became weaker after the IDR of USP15 was deleted ( xref )."

sparser
"USP15 interacts with cGAS."

sparser
"To confirm that USP15 interacts with cGAS, we overexpressed Flag-epitope tagged USP15 and Myc epitope-tagged cGAS and performed co-IP experiments."

sparser
"To confirm a direct interaction between cGAS and USP15, we performed GST pull-down experiments using recombinant GST-tagged cGAS and USP15 ( xref )."

sparser
"Consistently, GST-tagged USP15 (521–981) pulled down recombinant cGAS (Figure xref ), indicating a direct interaction between USP15 and cGAS."

sparser
"To identify the domains that are essential in the cGASUSP15 interaction."

sparser
"We found that the two DUB domains and the linker region were necessary for USP15 interaction with cGAS (Figure xref , xref )."

sparser
"We also conducted a GST pull-down assay and found that deletion of the IDR completely abolished the interaction between cGAS and USP15, indicating that the IDR of USP15 was important for its direct binding with cGAS ( xref )."
USP15 affects SQSTM1
2 1 | 6 2
USP15 deubiquitinates SQSTM1.
1 1 | 4
USP15 deubiquitinates SQSTM1. 6 / 6
1 1 | 4

reach
"USP15 and USP17 promote lysosomal exocytosis of lysosomal proteins, including cathepsin D and LGMN, by deubiquitinating p62."

reach
"At one point, endosomes leave the cloud, which involves the deubiquitination of SQSTM1 and p62 by the deubiquitinating enzyme USP15, and start their fast bidirectional microtubule based journey in the periphery along microtubules and finally the cortical actin cytoskeleton before reaching the cell surface."

"SQSTM1 Is a Substrate for RNF26 and the DUB USP15. Catalytically competent RNF26 (light red) recruits SQSTM1 (blue) and mediates ubiquitin ligation (red), which serves to attract UBDs of specific vesicle-associated adaptors. Dissociation of the RNF26/SQSTM1 complex, promoted by the DUB USP15 (yellow), releases target vesicles for (4) fast transport into the cell periphery."

reach
"Similarly, USP15 can also deubiquitinate p62, opposing RFN26 and allowing vesicle release into the cell’s periphery (35)."

No evidence text available

reach
"At one point, endosomes leave the cloud, which involves the deubiquitination of SQSTM1 and p62 by the deubiquitinating enzyme USP15, and start their fast bidirectional microtubule based journey in the periphery along microtubules and finally the cortical actin cytoskeleton before reaching the cell surface."
USP15 binds SQSTM1.
| 1 2
| 1 2

sparser
"Also, the interaction between deubiquitinated enzyme USP15 and SQSTM1, and ubiquitinated level of SQSTM1 were determined by Co-IP assay."

reach
"Also, the interaction between deubiquitinated enzyme USP15 and SQSTM1, and ubiquitinated level of SQSTM1 were determined by Co-IP assay."

sparser
"For example, USP15 can deubiquitinate and stabilize the murine double minute 2 (MDM2) protein to hinder cancer cell survival, xref and it can deubiquitinate and suppress the activation of the ten-eleven translocation 2 (TET2) protein, thereby diminishing tumor immunogenicity. xref Additionally, USP15 can interact with sequestosome−1 (SQSTM1) to abolish the activation of ring finger protein 26 (RNF26), facilitating the release of diverse vesicles for fast transport and utilization of intracellular substances. xref A recent study has indicated an elevated expression of USP15 in HCC tumor tissues, revealing a close association with metastasis and poor prognosis. xref Thus, gaining a thorough understanding of this crucial modification implicated in the regulation of HCC progression could offer novel perspectives for cancer therapeutics."
USP15 inhibits SQSTM1.
1 | 1
USP15 inhibits SQSTM1. 2 / 2
1 | 1

reach
"Indeed, overexpression of wild-type USP15 dramatically decreased short-chain modification of SQSTM1 with ubiquitin in a manner dependent on its catalytic Cys 269 residue (XREF_FIG A and 6B)."

"SQSTM1 Is a Substrate for RNF26 and the DUB USP15. Catalytically competent RNF26 (light red) recruits SQSTM1 (blue) and mediates ubiquitin ligation (red), which serves to attract UBDs of specific vesicle-associated adaptors. Dissociation of the RNF26/SQSTM1 complex, promoted by the DUB USP15 (yellow), releases target vesicles for (4) fast transport into the cell periphery."
USP15 affects SMAD3
6 1 | 4
USP15 binds SMAD3.
6 |
6 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
USP15 deubiquitinates SMAD3.
1 | 2
USP15 deubiquitinates SMAD3. 3 / 3
1 | 2

reach
"USP15 and USP7 were found to resist the mono-ubiquitination of Smad3, enhancing the TGF-β/Smads signal but not regulating the protein level of Smad3 [ 65 ]."

reach
"Smad3 mono-ubiquitination can be reversed by USP15 [116] ."

"Multiple mono-ubiquitination of <span class="match term1">SMAD3</span> can be removed by <span class="match term0">USP15</span> and mono-ubiquitination of SMAD4 seems to be removed by FAM/USP9X"
USP15 increases the amount of SMAD3.
| 2
USP15 increases the amount of SMAD3. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"Results:. The authors demonstrated that USP15 knockdown significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of hypertrophic scar-derived fibroblasts in vitro and down-regulated the expression of TbetaRI, Smad2, Smad3, alpha-SMA, COL1, and COL3; in addition, USP15 overexpression showed the opposite trends (p < 0.05)."

reach
"Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis indicated that USP15 knockdown significantly reduced the mRNA and protein expression levels of TβRI, Smad2, and Smad3 and the fibrosis markers α-SMA, COL1, and COL3; USP15 overexpression showed the opposite trends."
USP15 affects RELA
| 11
USP15 increases the amount of RELA.
| 9
USP15 increases the amount of RELA. 5 / 5
| 5

reach
"USP15 silencing induced MM cell proliferation inhibition, apoptosis, and the expression of nuclear and cytoplasmic NF-kappaBp65, while USP15 overexpression exhibited an inverse effect."

reach
"USP15 promoted NF-kappaBp65 expression through inhibiting ubiquitination."

reach
"Moreover, in vivo experiments indicated that USP15 silencing inhibited MM tumor growth and NF-kappaBp65 expression."

reach
"Also, USP15 up-regulation can increase RelA levels by inhibiting its ubiquitination [23,50] ."

reach
"These results suggest that USP15 promotes NF-kappaBp65 expression through deubiquitination."
Modified USP15 increases the amount of RELA. 4 / 4
| 4

reach
"USP15 overexpression promotes the expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Survivin, and NF-kappaBp65."

reach
"USP15 overexpression promoted NF-kappaBp65 expression through inhibition of its ubiquitination, whereas NF-kappaBp65 promoted USP15 expression as a positive regulator."

reach
"NF-kappaBp65 positively regulated USP15 expression, whereas USP15 overexpression promoted NF-kappaBp65 expression through deubiquitination of NF-kappaBp65 in MM cells."

reach
"PDTC treatment significantly inhibited USP15 overexpression induced cell proliferation, apoptosis inhibition, and NF-kappaBp65 expression."
USP15 activates RELA.
| 2
USP15 activates RELA. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"Our findings suggest that miR-181a-5p-containing MSC-EVs can influence neurodegeneration and inflammation in EAE by inhibiting microglial pyroptosis through the USP15-mediated RelA/NEK7 axis, providin[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"Further, CSN-associated USP15 directs deubiquitylation and stabilization of CRL-substrate IκBα, whereas CSN-associated USP48 stabilizes the nuclear pool of RelA, thereby facilitating timely induction and shutoff of NF-κB target genes."
USP15 affects NFKBIA
1 | 8 1
USP15 deubiquitinates NFKBIA.
1 | 6
USP15 deubiquitinates NFKBIA. 7 / 7
1 | 6

reach
"Schweitzer et al. reported that COP9 signalosome (CSN)-associated USP15 can deubiquitinate IkappaBalpha and regulates the activation of NF-kappaB XREF_BIBR."

reach
"CSN associated USP15 can deubiquitinate IkappaBalpha after TNFalpha mediated stimulation of the NF-kappaB pathway XREF_BIBR."

reach
"Another report reveals that USP15 deubiquitinates IkappaBalpha and increases its re-accumulation, leading to reduced NF-kappaB activity [XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"USP15 deubiquitinates IkappaBalpha and promotes its re-accumulation after TNF-alpha-induced degradation, leading to reduced NF-kappaB activity."

reach
"The Cylindroma tumour suppressor protein (CYLD) de-ubiquitinates NEMO and TRAF2 [XREF_BIBR - XREF_BIBR], while USP15 reverses betaTRCP mediated ubiquitination of IkappaBalpha [XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"In this report, it was postulated that a CSN associated deubiquitinylase (USP15) causes a deubiquitination of IkappaBalpha representing a negative feedback mechanism of IkappaBalpha degradation and NF-kappaB activation."

No evidence text available
USP15 binds NFKBIA.
| 1
| 1

sparser
"In contrary, another study found no interaction between USP15 and IκBα, and it was proposed that USP11 inhibits the ubiquitination and degradation of IκBα in the early stage while USP15 functions at a later time point in the TNFα-induced NF-κB activation xref ."
USP15 activates NFKBIA.
| 2
USP15 activates NFKBIA. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"Interestingly, knockdown of both USP15 and USP11 expression leads to an increased basal protein level of IkappaBalpha, suggesting that USP11 and USP15 cooperatively modulate IkappaBalpha turnover."

reach
"An in vitro ubiquitination assay revealed that IkappaBalpha ubiquitination was markedly inhibited by overexpression of CHMP5 or USP15 (XREF_FIG), which is accompanied with pulse-chase labeling experiments showing that IkappaBalpha stability was increased by overexpression of CHMP5 or USP15 (XREF_FIG)."
USP15 affects NFATC2
| 9
USP15 activates NFATC2.
| 4
USP15 activates NFATC2. 4 / 5
| 4

reach
"NFATc2 also plays a crucial role peripherally, as the loss of the deubiquitinating enzyme USP15 indirectly inhibits NFATc2 degradation, promoting T cell activation [51]."

reach
"USP15 deficiency did not enhance Nfatc2 mRNA induction, as revealed by a qRT-PCR assay (XREF_SUPPLEMENTARY)."

reach
"Therefore, USP15 deficiency promotes NFATc2 activation, causes increased T cell responses and function in antitumor immunity."

reach
"USP15 deficiency enhances NFATc2 activation in naive CD4 + T cells."
USP15 inhibits NFATC2.
| 3
USP15 inhibits NFATC2. 3 / 4
| 3

reach
"Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 15 (USP15) can stabilize MDM2, as well as degrade transcription factor NFATc2, to regulate T-cell activation."

reach
"Particularly, USP15 promotes the degradation of NFATC2, which negatively regulates T cell activation."

reach
"Through its deubiquitinase function, USP15 stabilizes MDM2, mediates the ubiquitin-dependent degradation of NFATc2, restrains T-cell viability, and negatively regulates the production of T-cell cytokines [66]."
USP15 deubiquitinates NFATC2.
| 2
USP15 leads to the deubiquitination of NFATC2. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"These data suggest that USP15 promotes the ubiquitination and degradation of activated NFATc2."

reach
"A parallel HEK293 transfection experiment revealed that USP15 did not inhibit the ubiquitination of NFATc2 (XREF_SUPPLEMENTARY)."
USP15 affects FHL1
2 | 3 6
2 | 3 6

sparser
"In an effort to find novel protein–protein interactions by computational prediction (to be reported elsewhere) and its biochemical confirmation, we have identified a novel interaction of USP15 with SL[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

sparser
"In the present study, we have shown that USP15 interacts with SLIM1 and deubiquitinates SLIM1, leading to the stabilization of SLIM1."

sparser
"As shown in Fig. 1 B, purified recombinant USP15 and SLIM1 were also bound to each other under cell-free conditions, indicating that the interaction is direct."

reach
"In the present study, we have shown that USP15 interacts with SLIM1 and deubiquitinates SLIM1, leading to the stabilization of SLIM1."

reach
"Thus, the protein levels of SLIM1 are regulated by the Ub-proteasomal system, and USP15 interacts physically and functionally with SLIM1 in mammalian cells.The above results suggest that USP15 may hav[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"We have shown that USP15 interacts physically and functionally with SLIM1, and stabilizes SLIM1 by deubiquitination in the transient expression system in HEK293T cells."

sparser
"Furthermore, USP15C269S, a catalytic-inactive USP15 mutant [16] was unable to bind with SLIM1, suggesting that the region around C269, the core enzymatic domain, was critical for the interaction."

sparser
"Thus, the protein levels of SLIM1 are regulated by the Ub-proteasomal system, and USP15 interacts physically and functionally with SLIM1 in mammalian cells."

sparser
"We have shown that USP15 interacts physically and functionally with SLIM1, and stabilizes SLIM1 by deubiquitination in the transient expression system in HEK293T cells."

No evidence text available
USP15 affects DUSP
| 11
| 11

sparser
"One of five UbVs selected for binding to USP11-DUSP exhibited slight cross-reactivity to USP15-DUSP (11D."

sparser
"The DUSP domain of USP15 is formed from approximately 120 amino acid residues, with a defined α1-β1-α2-β2-α3-β3 secondary structure."

sparser
"We were successful in producing the USP4-DUSP, USP11-DUSP, USP15-DUSP, USP20-DUSP2 and USP33-DUSP2 recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli and purified them to near homogeneity from the soluble fract[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

sparser
"DNA sequences encoding the following residues from each USP were cloned into a pET-21b vector using Gibson Assembly 45 : USP4-DUSP, 8–129; USP15-DUSP, 1–125; USP11-DUSP, 71–191; USP20-DUSP1, 687–780; [MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

sparser
"WT*), with two USP15-DUSPs (DUSP and DUSP*) bound at asymmetrical positions along this dimer ( Figure 2 (A))."

sparser
"As expected, sequence analysis revealed that UbVs selected for binding to USP15-DUSP closely resembled the parental UbV."

sparser
"For USP15-DUSP, seven UbVs appeared to be absolutely specific (15D."

sparser
"For USP15-DUSP and USP33-DUSP2, the best UbVs exhibited affinities in the low nanomolar range (K D ∼ 10 nM), whereas for USP11-DUSP and USP20-DUSP2, affinities were in the mid-nanomolar range (K D ∼ 1[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

sparser
"1 to explore whether binding to the USP15-DUSP could serve as an alternative means to inhibit catalytic activity."

sparser
"Although the affinity of USP15-DUSP UbVs were high for the USP15-DUSP, UbVs for the four other DUSPs showed lower affinities for their cognate DUSPs suggesting that N-terminal substitutions in UbVs ma[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
USP15 affects APC
1 1 | 6 3
USP15 binds APC.
1 | 4 3
1 | 4 3

sparser
"In addition, NKD1 can promote the ubiquitination degradation of APC by inhibiting the binding of APC to the deubiquitinating enzyme USP15."

reach
"Thus, the CSN controls the Wnt and beta-catenin signalling by assisting the assembly of beta-catenin-degrading supercomplexes by deneddylation and, simultaneously, by stabilising APC via CSN associated USP15."

sparser
"NKD1 promotes the ubiquitination degradation of APC by prohibiting the expression of USP15 and blocking binding of the deubiquitinating enzyme USP15 to APC and leads to the entry of β‐catenin into the nucleus to promote colon cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, while let‐7b‐5p inhibits this process by targeting NKD1 (Figure  xref )."

reach
"CSN controls Wnt and beta-catenin signaling by assisting with the assembly of beta-catenin-degrading supercomplexes by deneddylation and, simultaneously, by stabilizing APC via CSN associated USP15."

reach
"A model is provided that proposes a role of CSN mediated deneddylation in the formation of the beta-catenin-degrading supercomplex and the protection of complex bound APC via CSN associated USP15."

No evidence text available

reach
"In addition, immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that the binding of USP15 to APC was remarkably blocked by the NKD1 overexpression, while the combination between APC and USP15 was notably enhanced through knocking down NKD1 (Figure 9D)."

sparser
"In addition, immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that the binding of USP15 to APC was remarkably blocked by the NKD1 overexpression, while the combination between APC and USP15 was notably enhanced through knocking down NKD1 (Figure  xref )."
USP15 deubiquitinates APC.
1 | 2
USP15 deubiquitinates APC. 3 / 3
1 | 2

reach
"However, it has been reported that the assembly of beta-catenin destruction complex is attributed to CSN mediated deneddylation and also reliant on CSN associated USP15, which catalyzes deubiquitination of APC [XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"APC is ubiquitinated by HectD1 and RNF61 and deubiquitinated by Trabid and USP15 (Tran et al. 2008; Huang et al. 2009; Tran et al. 2013; Lee et al. 2018)."
TBX3 affects USP15
| 2 9
| 2 9

sparser
"Biochemical interaction partner screening and deubiquitylation analysis supports the USP15-TBX3 axis through different physiological and pathological contexts including PTC development."

sparser
"Translationally, the findings shed light on targeting strategies for USP15-TBX3 axis related developmental and oncogenic diseases and provide more thoughts for BRAF/MAPK related therapy designs."

sparser
"Dosage of USP15-TBX3 defines physiological differentiation and pathological de-differentiation."

sparser
"Interaction between TBX3 and USP15 was further confirmed by Co-IP experiments, where HA-tagged USP15 was efficiently pulled-down by Flag-tagged TBX3 in HEK293T cell extracts, and vice versa (Fig.  xref )."

reach
"USP15 interacts with and stabilizes TBX3."

reach
"Interaction between TBX3 and USP15 was further confirmed by Co-IP experiments, where HA-tagged USP15 was efficiently pulled-down by Flag-tagged TBX3 in HEK293T cell extracts, and vice versa (Fig. 1b)."

sparser
"Tissue specific knockout models of Erks will be ideal in the future to further testify the functional correlation between BRAF/MAPK activation and USP15-TBX3 axis in the future."

sparser
"Domain mapping experiments suggest that the activation domain is most important for the physical interaction with USP15, since its deletion [ΔA and Δ(A + R1) TBX3 variants] inhibited TBX3-USP15 interaction (Fig.  xref )."

sparser
"USP15-TBX3 axis mediates BRAF V600E -induced tumorigenesis."

sparser
"The USP15-TBX3 axis is reactivated during tumorigenesis, and Usp15 knockout prohibits BRAF V600E -driven tumor development in a Tbx3-dependent manner."
MDM2 affects USP15
1 | 3 5
1 | 3 3

sparser
"USP15 physically interacts with MDM2 and inhibits the ubiquitination and degradation of MDM2."

reach
"First, USP15 interacts with MDM2, inhibits ubiquitination, and stabilizes MDM2, an important E3 ligase that mediates the ubiquitination and proteolysis of NFATc2 members of the NFAT family and negatively regulates TCR signals."

sparser
"When co-expressed in HEK293 cells, USP15 interacted with MDM2, as detected by co-IP assays ( xref )."

sparser
"First, USP15 interacts with MDM2, inhibits ubiquitination, and stabilizes MDM2, an important E3 ligase that mediates the ubiquitination and proteolysis of NFATc2 members of the NFAT family and negatively regulates TCR signals."

reach
"When co-expressed in HEK293 cells, USP15 interacted with MDM2, as detected by co-IP assays (XREF_FIG)."

reach
"These results suggest that USP15 physically interacts with MDM2 in a p53 independent manner."

No evidence text available
USP15 binds TP53 and MDM2. 2 / 2
| 2

sparser
"These results suggest that USP15 physically interacts with MDM2 in a p53-independent manner."

sparser
"Although MDM2 and p53 interact with the different regions of USP15, USP15/p53/MDM2 cannot form a ternary complex."
FHL1 affects USP15
2 | 3 6
2 | 3 6

sparser
"In an effort to find novel protein–protein interactions by computational prediction (to be reported elsewhere) and its biochemical confirmation, we have identified a novel interaction of USP15 with SL[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

sparser
"In the present study, we have shown that USP15 interacts with SLIM1 and deubiquitinates SLIM1, leading to the stabilization of SLIM1."

sparser
"As shown in Fig. 1 B, purified recombinant USP15 and SLIM1 were also bound to each other under cell-free conditions, indicating that the interaction is direct."

reach
"In the present study, we have shown that USP15 interacts with SLIM1 and deubiquitinates SLIM1, leading to the stabilization of SLIM1."

reach
"Thus, the protein levels of SLIM1 are regulated by the Ub-proteasomal system, and USP15 interacts physically and functionally with SLIM1 in mammalian cells.The above results suggest that USP15 may hav[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"We have shown that USP15 interacts physically and functionally with SLIM1, and stabilizes SLIM1 by deubiquitination in the transient expression system in HEK293T cells."

sparser
"Furthermore, USP15C269S, a catalytic-inactive USP15 mutant [16] was unable to bind with SLIM1, suggesting that the region around C269, the core enzymatic domain, was critical for the interaction."

sparser
"Thus, the protein levels of SLIM1 are regulated by the Ub-proteasomal system, and USP15 interacts physically and functionally with SLIM1 in mammalian cells."

sparser
"We have shown that USP15 interacts physically and functionally with SLIM1, and stabilizes SLIM1 by deubiquitination in the transient expression system in HEK293T cells."

No evidence text available
DUSP affects USP15
| 11
| 11

sparser
"One of five UbVs selected for binding to USP11-DUSP exhibited slight cross-reactivity to USP15-DUSP (11D."

sparser
"The DUSP domain of USP15 is formed from approximately 120 amino acid residues, with a defined α1-β1-α2-β2-α3-β3 secondary structure."

sparser
"We were successful in producing the USP4-DUSP, USP11-DUSP, USP15-DUSP, USP20-DUSP2 and USP33-DUSP2 recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli and purified them to near homogeneity from the soluble fract[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

sparser
"DNA sequences encoding the following residues from each USP were cloned into a pET-21b vector using Gibson Assembly 45 : USP4-DUSP, 8–129; USP15-DUSP, 1–125; USP11-DUSP, 71–191; USP20-DUSP1, 687–780; [MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

sparser
"WT*), with two USP15-DUSPs (DUSP and DUSP*) bound at asymmetrical positions along this dimer ( Figure 2 (A))."

sparser
"As expected, sequence analysis revealed that UbVs selected for binding to USP15-DUSP closely resembled the parental UbV."

sparser
"For USP15-DUSP, seven UbVs appeared to be absolutely specific (15D."

sparser
"For USP15-DUSP and USP33-DUSP2, the best UbVs exhibited affinities in the low nanomolar range (K D ∼ 10 nM), whereas for USP11-DUSP and USP20-DUSP2, affinities were in the mid-nanomolar range (K D ∼ 1[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

sparser
"1 to explore whether binding to the USP15-DUSP could serve as an alternative means to inhibit catalytic activity."

sparser
"Although the affinity of USP15-DUSP UbVs were high for the USP15-DUSP, UbVs for the four other DUSPs showed lower affinities for their cognate DUSPs suggesting that N-terminal substitutions in UbVs ma[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
USP15 affects ptc
| 10
USP15 activates ptc. 10 / 10
| 10

reach
"Furthermore, the knockdown of USP15 could also reduce the migration and invasion capacity of PTC cells as evaluated by transwell invasion assays (Figures 5C and 5D) (PTC cell VS Ctrl, P<0.001) and wound healing (Figures 5E and 5F) (PTC cell VS Ctrl, P<0.001), whereas this phenomenon was reversed in USP15 overexpressed B-CPAP cells (Figures 5G and 5H) (PTC cell VS Vector P<0.001)."

reach
"In the current study, our results found that MFSD4A-AS1 functioned as ceRNA to sequester miR-30c-2-3p, miR-145-3p and miR-139-5p to disrupt the miRNA-mediated inhibition of VEGFA and VEGFC on the one hand; on the other hand, MFSD4A-AS1 further activated TGF-β signaling by sponging miR-30c-2-3p to relieve the repressive effect of miR-30c-2-3p on TGFBR2 and USP15, which synergistically promoted lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis of PTC."

reach
"Mechanistic dissection further revealed that MFSD4A-AS1 functioned as competing endogenous RNA to sequester miR-30c-2-3p, miR-145-3p and miR-139-5p to disrupt the miRNA-mediated inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factors A and C, and further activated transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta signaling by sponging miR-30c-2-3p that targeted TGFBR2 and USP15, both of which synergistically promoted lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis of PTC."

reach
"It was not difficult to find that USP15 was a potent DUB responsible for HMGB1 and USP15 promoted PTC progression by K48-linked deubiquitinating and stabilizing HMGB1."

reach
"USP15 promotes PTC progression via HMGB1."

reach
"USP15 depletion significantly decreased cell proliferation rate (Figure 5A) (PTC cell VS Ctrl and Vector, P<0.001)."

reach
"USP15 depletion significantly decreased PTC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion."

reach
"In contrast, overexpression of USP15 promoted cell proliferation (Figure 5B) (PTC cell VS Ctrl and Vector, P<0.001)."

reach
"Taken together, these results indicated that USP15 promoted PTC progression through HMGB1."

reach
"Recently, a study indicated that MFSD4A-AS1 activated transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling by sponging miR-30c-2-3p that targeted TGFBR2 and USP15, which promoted lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis of PTC 31."

reach
"Moreover, USP15 inhibition can promote mitophagy and alleviate mitochondrial defects in a Parkinson’s disease model ."

reach
"Interestingly, RNAi-mediated knockdown of USP15 in these fibroblasts strongly enhanced mitophagy, so that mitophagy already became demonstrable after 24 h exposure to CCCP or valinomycin (Fig. 2H–K)."

reach
"What could be the mechanism for the inhibitory effect of USP15 on Parkin-mediated mitophagy?"

reach
"Although PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy has been well studied, no effective drug targeting this pathway has been employed for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.As a negative feedback mechan[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"USP15, USP30 and USP35 inhibit mitophagy by removing the ubiquitin signal from Parkin targets [46–48]."

reach
"The C269A mutation abolished the inhibitory effect of USP15 on Parkin-mediated mitophagy, indicating that this effect of USP15 required its deubiquitinating activity (Fig. 1; Supplementary Data)."

reach
"Furthermore, depleting endogenous USP15 enhanced mitophagy in HeLa cells, in a human dopaminergic neuronal cell line and in primary fibroblasts from human patients ."

reach
"Knockdown of USP15 enhances mitophagy."

reach
"USP15, another member of the USP family, counteracts parkin‐mediated mitophagy."

reach
"The USP15 catalytic activity has also been linked to Parkin-mediated mitophagy, as its overexpression or knockdown leads to decreased or increased mitophagy, respectively (Cornelissen et al., 2014; Jacomin et al., 2018)."
USP15 affects VGLL4
| 8 2
USP15 binds VGLL4.
| 2 2
| 2 2

sparser
"Results revealed that USP15 did bind to VGLL4 ( Fig. 2 a)."

sparser
"To identify the domains responsible for the interaction between USP15 and VGLL4, a series of truncation mutants were constructed."

reach
"To identify the domains responsible for the interaction between USP15 and VGLL4, a series of truncation mutants were constructed."

reach
"Results revealed that USP15 did bind to VGLL4 ( Fig. 2 a)."
USP15 deubiquitinates VGLL4.
| 3
USP15 deubiquitinates VGLL4. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"Wild-type USP15, as opposed to the C298A mutant, was shown to reduce the polyubiquitination of VGLL4 ( Fig. 3 g)."

reach
"Interference with SART3 significantly decreased the regulatory ability of K48-linked deubiquitination of VGLL4 by USP15 ( Fig. 5 g)."

reach
"We found that interference with SART3 lead to a notable reduction in the regulatory capacity of K48-linked deubiquitination of VGLL4 by USP15."
USP15 activates VGLL4.
| 3
USP15 activates VGLL4. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"Subsequent experiments were designed to establish that USP15 enhances the stability of VGLL4."

reach
"USP15 depletion led to the destabilization of VGLL4 protein ( Fig. 3 h–k), whereas USP15 overexpression increased the stability of endogenous VGLL4 protein ( Fig. 3 l-o)."

reach
"In contrast, overexpression of USP15 in TNBC cells resulted in a significant upregulation of VGLL4 ( Fig. 3 d–f)."
USP15 affects TET2
| 3 7
USP15 binds TET2.
| 6
| 6

sparser
"To confirm the interaction of TET2 with USP15, we examined the binding of their association in cells when both proteins were ectopically expressed by IP–Western blot analysis."
| PMC

sparser
"Using antibodies that recognize TET2 or USP15, we detected endogenous interaction between USP15 and TET2 by reciprocal IP-Western assay in both human U2OS cells and mouse B16–ovalbumin (OVA) cells ( xref )."
| PMC

sparser
"Collectively, these data demonstrate that USP15 and TET2 physically interact with each other, and the CD domain of TET2 is responsible for their association."
| PMC

sparser
"To determine the functional significance of USP15-TET2 interaction, we first performed a dot blot experiment to determine 5hmC levels in cells ectopically expressing USP15."
| PMC

sparser
"First, USP15 directly interacts with TET2 ( xref ) and catalyzes the TET2 deubiquitylation."
| PMC

sparser
"USP15 binds to TET2."
| PMC
USP15 inhibits TET2.
| 3 1
USP15 inhibits TET2. 4 / 4
| 3 1

reach
"USP15 catalyzes the removal of K1299 linked monoubiquitin and negatively regulates TET2 activity."

reach
"Deletion of Usp15 in melanoma stimulates chemokine expression and TILs in a TET2 dependent manner, leading to increased response to immunotherapy and extended life span of tumor bearing mice."

reach
"USP15 suppresses tumor immunity via deubiquitylation and inactivation of TET2."

sparser
"USP15 inactivates TET2 and inhibits TET2 binding to substrate DNA."
| PMC
USP15 affects RI
| 10
USP15 deubiquitinates RI.
| 8
USP15 deubiquitinates RI. 8 / 8
| 8

reach
"Eichhorn et al. have reported that USP15 is highly expressed in glioma and deubiquitinates and stabilizes TβRI, leading to an enhanced TGFβ1/Smad signaling."

reach
"Similarly, Inui et al. revealed that USP15 could directly bind to R-Smads and deubiquitinate TβRI, thereby promoting its stability and up-regulating the activity of TGFβ1/Smad signaling."

reach
"USP15 is an important member of the deubiquitinating enzyme family; we further verified whether USP15 could deubiquitinate TβRI in hypertrophic scar–derived fibroblasts."

reach
"The ubiquitination assay showed that USP15 knockdown significantly increased the TβRI ubiquitination levels in hypertrophic scar–derived fibroblasts, whereas USP15 overexpression significantly reduced the TβRI ubiquitination levels in hypertrophic scar–derived fibroblasts."

reach
"(See Figure, Supplemental Digital Content 6, which shows a schematic depiction of USP15 enhancing TGFβ1/Smad signaling by deubiquitinating TβRI in hypertrophic scar, http://links.lww.com/PRS/E649."

reach
"Co-immunoprecipitation and ubiquitination assays showed that USP15 knockdown significantly increased the TβRI ubiquitination levels in hypertrophic scar–derived fibroblasts, whereas USP15 overexpression significantly reduced the TβRI ubiquitination levels in hypertrophic scar–derived fibroblasts."

reach
"These data demonstrated that USP15 increased the activity of TGFβ1/Smad signaling by deubiquitinating TβRI in hypertrophic scar–derived fibroblasts."

reach
"Several of these, specifically ubiquitin specific protease (USP)4, USP11, USP15, and ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase (UCH)37, were shown to deubiquitylate TβRI, either through direct association with t[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
USP15 increases the amount of RI.
| 2
USP15 increases the amount of RI. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis indicated that USP15 knockdown significantly reduced the mRNA and protein expression levels of TβRI, Smad2, Smad3, α-SMA, COL1, and COL3 (0.51 ± 0.01-fold versus 1.68 ± 0.06-fold, 0.58 ± 0.01-fold versus 1.30 ± 0.03-fold, 0.25 ± 0.03-fold versus 1.23 ± 0.04-fold, 0.44 ± 0.06-fold versus 0.88 ± 0.06-fold, 0.83 ± 0.09-fold versus 1.61 ± 0.07-fold, and 0.42 ± 0.03-fold versus 1.03 ± 0.03-fold; p < 0.05)."

reach
"Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis indicated that USP15 knockdown significantly reduced the mRNA and protein expression levels of TβRI, Smad2, and Smad3 and the fibrosis markers α-SMA, COL1, and COL3; USP15 overexpression showed the opposite trends."
| 8

reach
"USP15 Promotes the Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Hypertrophic Scar-Derived Fibroblasts."

reach
"Cell Counting Kit-8 assays showed that USP15 knockdown significantly inhibited the proliferation of hypertrophic scar–derived fibroblasts (62.06 ± 10.46 percent; p < 0.05), whereas USP15 overexpression significantly promoted the proliferation of hypertrophic scar–derived fibroblasts (147.97 ± 10.49 percent; p < 0.05."

reach
"(Center, right) The migration of hypertrophic scar fibroblasts in blank, vector, and USP15 groups was detected by scratch assays (*p < 0.05), http://links.lww.com/PRS/E645.] Scratch assays showed that USP15 knockdown significantly inhibited the migration of hypertrophic scar–derived fibroblasts (79.25 ± 0.71 percent; p < 0.05), whereas USP15 overexpression significantly promoted the migration of hypertrophic scar–derived fibroblasts (163.84 ± 0.21 percent; p < 0.05) (see Figure, Supplemental Digital Content 2, http://links.lww.com/PRS/E645)."

reach
"Matrigel invasion assays showed that USP15 knockdown significantly inhibited the invasion of hypertrophic scar–derived fibroblasts (0.37 ± 0.03-fold; p < 0.05), whereas USP15 overexpression significantly promoted the invasion of hypertrophic scar–derived fibroblasts (2.17 ± 0.11-fold; p < 0.05)."

reach
"(Right) The invasion of hypertrophic scar fibroblasts in blank, vector, and USP15 groups was detected by Matrigel invasion assays (*p < 0.05), http://links.lww.com/PRS/E646.] These results suggest that USP15 promotes the proliferation, migration, and invasion of hypertrophic scar–derived fibroblasts."

reach
"The Cell Counting Kit-8, scratch, and invasion assays showed that USP15 knockdown significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of the hypertrophic scar–derived fibroblasts, and USP15 overexpression showed the opposite trends."

reach
"In conclusion, USP15 enhances the proliferation, migration, and collagen deposition of hypertrophic scar–derived fibroblasts by deubiquitinating TβRI in vitro."

reach
"Conclusion:. USP15 enhances the proliferation, migration, invasion, and collagen deposition of hypertrophic scar-derived fibroblasts by deubiquitinating TbetaRI in vitro."

reach
"Co-immunoprecipitation and ubiquitination assays showed that USP15 knockdown significantly increased the TβRI ubiquitination levels in hypertrophic scar–derived fibroblasts, whereas USP15 overexpression significantly reduced the TβRI ubiquitination levels in hypertrophic scar–derived fibroblasts."

reach
"The ubiquitination assay showed that USP15 knockdown significantly increased the TβRI ubiquitination levels in hypertrophic scar–derived fibroblasts, whereas USP15 overexpression significantly reduced the TβRI ubiquitination levels in hypertrophic scar–derived fibroblasts."
USP15 affects CHMP5
| 7 3
| 7 3

sparser
"Accordingly, mutations in VCP/p97 that cause IBMPFD (R155H and A232E) disrupt both the physical and functional interaction with CHMP5 and USP15."

reach
"Collectively, these data suggest that the CHMP5 and USP15 complex suppresses RANK mediated NF-kappaB activation via IkappaBalpha stabilization in osteoclasts, in which mechanism it prevents proteasomal degradation of IkappaBalpha leading to the retention of NF-kappaB in an inactive cytosolic complex."

reach
"To confirm the observation that the CHMP5 complex in osteoclasts contains the deubiquitinating enzyme USP15 and VCP and p97 (XREF_FIG), the physical interactions between CHMP5, USP15, and VCP and p97 were studied using cell-free immunoprecipitation analysis (XREF_FIG)."

reach
"Furthermore, immunoprecipitation analysis confirmed that both endogenous and overexpressed CHMP5 interact with USP15, VCP and p97, and beta-Trcp in an osteoclast line and HEK293 cells, respectively (XREF_FIG and unpublished data)."

reach
"Intriguingly, CHMP5 interacts directly with both USP15 and VCP and p97, whereas there was no direct interaction between USP15 and VCP and p97."

sparser
"To confirm the observation that the CHMP5 complex in osteoclasts contains the deubiquitinating enzyme USP15 and VCP/p97 ( xref ), the physical interactions between CHMP5, USP15, and VCP/p97 were studied using cell-free immunoprecipitation analysis ( xref )."

sparser
"Intriguingly, CHMP5 interacts directly with both USP15 and VCP/p97, whereas there was no direct interaction between USP15 and VCP/p97."

reach
"This also raises the possibility that VCP and p97 serves an important function to select the substrates targeted by the CHMP5 and USP15 complex for deubiquitination."

reach
"Therefore, we speculated whether CHMP5 regulates OA progression by binding to USP15 and NF-κB signaling pathway."

reach
"As expected, our current investigation showed that CHMP5 was capable of binding USP15 to inhibit IκBα ubiquitination, thereby suppressing enhanced apoptosis and ECM degradation induced by IL-1β through NF-κB signaling pathway in OA chondrocytes.Taken together, CHMP5 alleviates OA development by decreasing OA chondrocyte apoptosis and ECM degradation caused by IL-1β via NF-κB signaling pathway (Fig. 8)."
USP15 affects CD274
| 10
USP15 decreases the amount of CD274.
| 6
USP15 decreases the amount of CD274. 6 / 6
| 6

reach
"On the one hand, as a key DUB of VGLL4, USP15 inhibits PD-L1 transcription by stabilizing VGLL4 and suppressing STAT3 activation."

reach
"Conversely, USP15 overexpression decreased mRNA and protein levels of PDL1 ( Fig. 4 f–j)."

reach
"For example, USP15-deficient T cells have been demonstrated to induce PD-L1 and CXCL2 expression through the production of IFN-γ and facilitate infiltration of T-bet + regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), thus leading to tumor progression [75]."

reach
"Excessive IFN-γ production in USP15-deficient mice promotes expression of PD-L1 and CXCL12, causing accumulation of T -bet + regulatory T cells and CD11b + Gr-1 + myeloid-derived suppressor cells, the[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"To establish that USP15 suppresses PD-L1 expression through the VGLL4-STAT3 axis, VGLL4 was silenced in USP15 knocked down and overexpressed TNBC cells, nullifying the negative regulatory effect of US[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"Additionally, the overexpression of USP15 was found to reverse the decrease in VGLL4 protein levels and the increase in p-STAT3 and PD-L1 protein levels induced by interference with SART3 ( Fig. 5 j-l[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
USP15 increases the amount of CD274.
| 4
USP15 increases the amount of CD274. 4 / 4
| 4

reach
"On the one hand, as a key DUB of VGLL4, USP15 inhibits PD-L1 transcription by stabilizing VGLL4 and suppressing STAT3 activation."

reach
"The tumor of the Usp15 -/- chimeric mice had upregulated expression of PD-L1 and CXCL12 (XREF_FIG)."

reach
"Excessive IFN-gamma production in USP15 deficient mice promotes expression of the immunosuppressive molecule PD-L1 and the chemokine CXCL12, causing accumulation of T-bet + regulatory T cells and CD11b + Gr-1 + myeloid derived suppressor cells at tumor site."

reach
"USP15 enhanced the efficacy of immunotherapy against TNBC by inhibiting PD-L1 transcription and inducing increased CD8 + T-cell infiltration."
TGFBR1 affects USP15
5 | 5
5 | 5

reach
"USP15 binds to the Smad7 and Smurf2 complex and, like USP4 and USP11, deubiquitinates the TGF-beta type I receptor, thereby maintaining the stability of this receptor and enhancing TGF-beta signalling[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 15 (USP15), a deubiquitinating enzyme, binds to the SMAD7-SMURF2 complex and deubiquitinates and stabilizes TGFBR1, resulting in enhanced TGF-β signaling ."

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

reach
"Moreover, we show that USP15 interacts with other type I BMP receptors ALK2 and ALK6, as well as TGFbeta receptor ALK5."

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

reach
"The interaction between USP15 and TbetaRI was detected by co-immunoprecipitation and ubiquitination assays."

reach
"Co-immunoprecipitation and ubiquitination assays revealed that USP15 interacted with TbetaRI and deubiquitinated TbetaRI."
MAPK1 affects USP15
| 2 8
| 2 8

sparser
"Immunoprecipitation and deubiquitination assays were used to examine whether USP15 could bind to ERK2 and affect the deubiquitination of ERK2."

sparser
"And USP15 can form a complex with ERK2 to regulate ubiquitination of ERK2."

sparser
"USP15 can form a complex with ERK2."

sparser
"Indeed, endogenous USP15 can form a complex with endogenous ERK2 in rat articular chondrocytes (Fig. xref a and Supplementary Fig.  xref a, b)."

reach
"Immunoprecipitation and deubiquitination assays were used to examine whether USP15 could bind to ERK2 and affect the deubiquitination of ERK2."

reach
"And USP15 can form a complex with ERK2 to regulate ubiquitination of ERK2."

sparser
"Since USP15 can interact with ERK2, we hypothesized that USP15 deubiquitinates ERK2."

sparser
"Mechanistically, USP15 interacted with ERK2 and form a complex to govern the ubiquitination of ERK2."

sparser
"These results indicated that although USP15 can bind to and deubiquitinate ERK2, USP15 was not resistant to degradation by the ERK2 ubiquitination hydrolase."

sparser
"Co-immunocoprecipitation assays in our current studies showed that USP15 could bind to ERK2."
FOXC1 affects USP15
| 6 4
| 6 1

reach
"And then, the interaction between USP15 and FOXC1 was further determined by GST pull-down and Co-IP techniques."

sparser
"The interaction between forkhead box C1 (FOXC1) and USP15 was verified by Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) pull-down and Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) experiments."

reach
"The interaction between forkhead box C1 (FOXC1) and USP15 was verified by Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) pull-down and Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) experiments."

reach
"The Co-IP assay was utilized to demonstrate the interaction between USP15 and FOXC1 in THP1-M0 and C28/I2 cells."

reach
"USP15 interacted with and deubiquitinated FOXC1."

reach
"Is there an interaction between USP15 and FOXC1?"

reach
"Furthermore, Co-IP assay in THP1-M0 and C28/I2 cells were respectively conducted, confirming the genuine interaction between USP15 and FOXC1 (Fig. 4D-E)."
USP15 binds FOXC1. 3 / 3
| 3

sparser
"Is there an interaction between USP15 and FOXC1?"

sparser
"Furthermore, Co-IP assay in THP1-M0 and C28/I2 cells were respectively conducted, confirming the genuine interaction between USP15 and FOXC1 (Fig.  xref D-E)."

sparser
"And then, the interaction between USP15 and FOXC1 was further determined by GST pull-down and Co-IP techniques."
CHMP5 affects USP15
| 7 3
| 7 3

sparser
"Accordingly, mutations in VCP/p97 that cause IBMPFD (R155H and A232E) disrupt both the physical and functional interaction with CHMP5 and USP15."

reach
"Collectively, these data suggest that the CHMP5 and USP15 complex suppresses RANK mediated NF-kappaB activation via IkappaBalpha stabilization in osteoclasts, in which mechanism it prevents proteasomal degradation of IkappaBalpha leading to the retention of NF-kappaB in an inactive cytosolic complex."

reach
"To confirm the observation that the CHMP5 complex in osteoclasts contains the deubiquitinating enzyme USP15 and VCP and p97 (XREF_FIG), the physical interactions between CHMP5, USP15, and VCP and p97 were studied using cell-free immunoprecipitation analysis (XREF_FIG)."

reach
"Furthermore, immunoprecipitation analysis confirmed that both endogenous and overexpressed CHMP5 interact with USP15, VCP and p97, and beta-Trcp in an osteoclast line and HEK293 cells, respectively (XREF_FIG and unpublished data)."

reach
"Intriguingly, CHMP5 interacts directly with both USP15 and VCP and p97, whereas there was no direct interaction between USP15 and VCP and p97."

sparser
"To confirm the observation that the CHMP5 complex in osteoclasts contains the deubiquitinating enzyme USP15 and VCP/p97 ( xref ), the physical interactions between CHMP5, USP15, and VCP/p97 were studied using cell-free immunoprecipitation analysis ( xref )."

sparser
"Intriguingly, CHMP5 interacts directly with both USP15 and VCP/p97, whereas there was no direct interaction between USP15 and VCP/p97."

reach
"This also raises the possibility that VCP and p97 serves an important function to select the substrates targeted by the CHMP5 and USP15 complex for deubiquitination."

reach
"Therefore, we speculated whether CHMP5 regulates OA progression by binding to USP15 and NF-κB signaling pathway."

reach
"As expected, our current investigation showed that CHMP5 was capable of binding USP15 to inhibit IκBα ubiquitination, thereby suppressing enhanced apoptosis and ECM degradation induced by IL-1β through NF-κB signaling pathway in OA chondrocytes.Taken together, CHMP5 alleviates OA development by decreasing OA chondrocyte apoptosis and ECM degradation caused by IL-1β via NF-κB signaling pathway (Fig. 8)."
Csn affects USP15
| 9
| 9

sparser
"In addition to direct deneddylation, and steric hindrance, the CSN can associate with the de-ubiquitylating enzyme USP15."

sparser
"USP15 is bound to the CSN complex, and a recent study showed that the Cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase (CRL), as a CSN-binding partner, is associated with USP15 [34, 35]."
| PMC

sparser
"Moreover, the CSN is associated with the Ub-specific protease USP15, a de-ubiquitinating enzyme that protects proteins from auto-ubiquitination and degradation."

sparser
"Interestingly, CSN is also associated with USP15, thereby promoting IκBα deubiquitination and allowing precise regulation of NF-κB signaling [ xref ]."

sparser
"However, in human cells, the interaction of CSN with USP15 is mediated by diverse mechanisms, but the specific subunits or variants involved in this interaction are still unknown."

sparser
"The CSN supercomplex regulates the balance between β-catenin and APC: while it stimulates β-catenin degradation, USP15 associated with the CSN stabilizes APC."

sparser
"The stabilizing effect of CSN5 toward IκB-α in stimulated cells was explained both by CSN5-mediated deNEDDylation of cullins, controlling CRL activity, and the association of the CSN with the deubiquitinase USP15 [ xref , xref , xref , xref ]."

sparser
"The CSN is associated with USP15 protecting BTB3 protein against destabilization as shown in S. pombe ( xref )."

sparser
"Binding of USP15 to the CSN seems to be conserved."
USP15 affects TBK1
2 1 | 3 3
USP15 binds TBK1.
2 | 1 3
2 | 1 3

sparser
"To explore whether UBE2S acts together with USP15 to deubiquitinate the K63-linked ubiquitination of TBK1, we tested whether USP15 interacts with TBK1."

reach
"Interestingly, overexpressed SRA promoted the interaction between TBK1 and USP15 (Fig. 7C)."

sparser
"As shown in Figure 7 A, USP15 did not directly interact with TBK1, and it only interacted with TBK1 in the presence of UBE2S. Consistent with these results, endogenous USP15 could only be immunoprecip[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

sparser
"In addition, USP15 interacts with TBK1 and inhibits its activity only in the presence of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBE2C."
USP15 deubiquitinates TBK1.
1 | 2
USP15 deubiquitinates TBK1. 3 / 3
1 | 2

reach
"Moreover, we demonstrated that SRA negatively regulates the activity of TBK1 by promoting the recruitment of ubiquitin-specific protease 15 (USP15) to deubiquitinate TBK1."

reach
"On the other hand, USP15 and Papain-like protease domain 2 (PLP2) deubiquitinate TBK1 and maintain its stability (10, 11)."

"Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzyme 2S Enhances Viral Replication by Inhibiting Type I IFN Production through Recruiting <span class="match term0">USP15</span> to Deubiquitinate <span class="match term1">TBK1</span>"
USP15 affects SMAD2
4 | 5
USP15 binds SMAD2.
4 |
4 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
USP15 increases the amount of SMAD2.
| 3
USP15 increases the amount of SMAD2. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"Similarly, ectopic expression of USP15 and SMURF2 C/A did not enhance p-SMAD2 levels compared with either construct alone (XREF_FIG)."

reach
"Results:. The authors demonstrated that USP15 knockdown significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of hypertrophic scar-derived fibroblasts in vitro and down-regulated the expression of TbetaRI, Smad2, Smad3, alpha-SMA, COL1, and COL3; in addition, USP15 overexpression showed the opposite trends (p < 0.05)."

reach
"Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis indicated that USP15 knockdown significantly reduced the mRNA and protein expression levels of TβRI, Smad2, and Smad3 and the fibrosis markers α-SMA, COL1, and COL3; USP15 overexpression showed the opposite trends."
USP15 activates SMAD2.
| 2
USP15 activates SMAD2. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"Our results indicated that USP15 stimulated TGF-beta and SMAD2 signaling and the cartilage phenotype."

reach
"Moreover, Eichhorn et al. (2012) found that inhibition of USP15 decreased TGF-beta type I receptor and -phosphorylated Smad2 concentrations in these cells, thus corroborating the notion that USP15 sta[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
USP15 affects SMAD
| 2 4
USP15 binds SMAD.
| 1 4
| 1 4

reach
"Recent studies in mammals have further confirmed that Usp15 (1 of the 4 DUBs that we have reported) binds with Smad and is involved in the Tgf and Bmp signaling pathways [36,37] ."

sparser
"Despite reports that USP15 interacts with SMADs 2 and 3 [ xref , xref ], we failed to detect USP15 interacting with any of the SMAD proteins (see the electronic supplementary material, figure S2)."

sparser
"To detect interactions between USP15 and FLAG-tagged SMADs, endogenous USP15 was immunoprecipitated from HEK293 cell extracts transfected with either empty vector control or FLAG-tagged SMADs 1, 3, 4, 6 and 7 ( xref b )."

sparser
"A previous study has shown that USP15 interacts with receptor-phosphorylated SMAD proteins (R-SMADs) and deubiquitinates transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) receptor 1 (TBR1), thereby promoting protein stability ( xref )."

sparser
"Recent studies in mammals have further confirmed that Usp15 (1 of the 4 DUBs that we have reported) binds with Smad and is involved in the Tgf and Bmp signaling pathways [36,37] ."
USP15 inhibits SMAD.
| 1
USP15 inhibits SMAD. 1 / 4
| 1

reach
"Consequently, silencing USP15 expression abolishes the recruitment of TGF-beta-activated Smad complexes to regulatory DNA sequences."
USP15 affects RNF26
3 | 3 2
USP15 binds RNF26.
3 | 1 2
3 | 1 2

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

reach
"Weshow that RNF26 interacts with the DUB USP15, which influences occupancy of RNF26 by their common substrate, SQSTM1."

sparser
"This function could be served by USP15, which preferentially associates with catalytically competent RNF26 ( xref A and 5D)."

sparser
"We show that RNF26 interacts with the DUB USP15, which influences occupancy of RNF26 by their common substrate, SQSTM1."
USP15 inhibits RNF26.
| 2
USP15 inhibits RNF26. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"Furthermore, expression of wild-type (but not inactive) USP15 reduced the degree of colocalization of RNF26 with SQSTM1 (XREF_FIG C, 6D, and XREF_FIG B), indicating that USP15 activity modulates occupancy of ligase positive sites."

reach
"However, RNF26 effects on LE positioning can be reversed by USP15, allowing LE movement along microtubules."
USP15 affects IRS2
2 | 5 1
USP15 binds IRS2.
2 | 1 1
2 | 1 1

No evidence text available

sparser
"USP15 does not bind to IRS-2 itself, but binds to IRS-2 conjugated with an ubiquitin molecule ( Fig. 1 )."

No evidence text available

reach
"Importantly, quantitative MS analysis indicated that USP15 preferentially binds more to IRS-2-Ub than IRS-2-Ub I44A , whereas USP7 does not show such a preference ( Fig. 1 b)."
USP15 deubiquitinates IRS2.
| 4
USP15 deubiquitinates IRS2. 4 / 4
| 4

reach
"Thus, IRS-2 deubiquitination by USP15 may also be induced/suppressed by some hormone(s), enabling the fine-tuning of IGF growth promoting action."

reach
"Co-expression of USP15 decreased Nedd4-induced IRS-2 ubiquitination, whereas co-expression of USP15 CS (inactive form of USP15 by substitution of the catalytic core cysteine residue at position 298 to[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"USP15 knockdown increased Nedd4-induced IRS-2 ubiquitination ( Fig. 2 b)."

reach
"In this study, we found that USP15 antagonizes the effects of Nedd4; USP15 decreases Nedd4-dependent IRS-2 ubiquitination, and suppresses IRS-2 tyrosine phosphorylation and downstream IGF-I signaling.[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
USP15 affects FKBP5
2 | 2 5
2 | 2 3

reach
"USP15 loss/gain-of-function variant in HEK293 cells was performed by cell transfection, and the interaction between USP15 and FKBP5 was examined using immunoprecipitation and ubiquitination assays."

reach
"USP15 bound to FKBP5 and protected FKBP5 against ubiquitination."

sparser
"USP15 loss/gain-of-function variant in HEK293 cells was performed by cell transfection, and the interaction between USP15 and FKBP5 was examined using immunoprecipitation and ubiquitination assays."

sparser
"USP15 bound to FKBP5 and protected FKBP5 against ubiquitination."

sparser
"USP15 interacted with FKBP5 and inhibited its ubiquitination in degenerative NP cells."

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

sparser
"Finally, the co‐immunoprecipitation (Co‐IP) assay was performed to determine the interaction between FKBP5 and USP15 in degenerative NP cells."

sparser
"Our results demonstrated that there was a stronger interaction between FKBP5 and USP15 in degenerative NP cells (Figure  xref )."
USP15 affects CBX5
| 6 3
USP15 binds CBX5.
| 2 3
| 2 3

sparser
"To determine whether USP15 regulates CBX5 ubiquitination and, thus, affects its expression, we first used an anti-CBX5 antibody to precipitate CBX5 in control and hypoxic PASMCs and found USP15 in those immune precipitates ( xref ), indicating that USP15 can bind to CBX5 in PASMCs."

sparser
"The influence of the RUNX1/USP15 axis on the PASMC function may result from USP15’s interaction with CBX5."

sparser
"USP15 bound to CBX5 and reduced CBX5 ubiquitination, thereby promoting CBX5 expression."

reach
"USP15 bound to CBX5 and reduced CBX5 ubiquitination, thereby promoting CBX5 expression."

reach
"To determine whether USP15 regulates CBX5 ubiquitination and, thus, affects its expression, we first used an anti-CBX5 antibody to precipitate CBX5 in control and hypoxic PASMCs and found USP15 in those immune precipitates (Figure 5B), indicating that USP15 can bind to CBX5 in PASMCs."
USP15 deubiquitinates CBX5.
| 4
USP15 leads to the deubiquitination of CBX5. 4 / 4
| 4

reach
"More importantly, USP15 reduced the ubiquitination of CBX5 protein and promoted its expression in PASMCs.CBX5 is a chromobox protein of the HP1 family and a methyl reader that interprets H3K9me2/3 marks mediated by H3K9 methyltransferases (i.e., SUV39H1 and SUV39H2) [33]."

reach
"Co-IP experiments further showed that USP15 overexpression reduced the ubiquitination of CBX5, whereas USP15 knockdown promoted the ubiquitination of CBX5 (Figure 5D)."

reach
"Taken together, these results indicate that USP15 can reduce the ubiquitination of CBX5 protein, thereby enhancing its stability."

reach
"This study investigated PH-related molecular interactions in PASMCs and found: 1) RUNX1 promotes hypoxia-induced PASMC dysfunction and PH; 2) RUNX1 transcriptionally activates the expression of USP15; 3) USP15 reduces CBX5 ubiquitination and promotes CBX5 expression; and 4) RUNX1 regulates PASMC function through the USP15/CBX5 axis.RUNX1 is a master developmental regulator essential for hematopoietic cell differentiation and normal hematopoiesis [21]."
TAFAZZIN affects USP15
1 | 5 3
1 | 5 3

sparser
"Coimmunoprecipitation assays indicated that USP15 could interact with YAP1, while TAZ bound to USP15 after hypoxia treatment."

sparser
"As shown in Fig. xref , endogenous USP15 could interact with YAP1 in the control and hypoxic hPASMCs, while the interaction between USP15 and TAZ was observed upon hypoxia treatment."

reach
"Coimmunoprecipitation assays indicated that USP15 could interact with YAP1, while TAZ bound to USP15 after hypoxia treatment."

reach
"To determine the functional association between USP15 and YAP1/TAZ, we performed coimmunoprecipitation analyses."

sparser
"However, an interaction between USP15 and TAZ was observed under hypoxia."

reach
"As shown in Fig. 8a–c, endogenous USP15 could interact with YAP1 in the control and hypoxic hPASMCs, while the interaction between USP15 and TAZ was observed upon hypoxia treatment."

reach
"We thus investigated the functional association between USP15 and YAP1/TAZ."

reach
"However, an interaction between USP15 and TAZ was observed under hypoxia."

No evidence text available
SMURF2 affects SMAD7
| 9
| 9

sparser
"Using a functional genetic screen we have previously found that USP15 forms a complex with SMAD7 and SMURF2 and is recruited to the TGF-β receptor complex, where it deubiquitinates and stabilizes TβRI xref ."

sparser
"USP15 binds to the Smad7SMURF2 complex, which recruits USP15 to TGFβ receptor I and stabilizes it without direct binding [ xref ]."

sparser
"USP15 binds to the SMAD7-SMAD specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2 (SMURF2) complex and deubiquitinates and stabilizes type I TGF-β receptor (TβR-I), leading to an enhanced TGF-β signal."

sparser
"USP15 forms a complex with SMAD7 and SMURF2 and opposes the SMURF2-mediated ubiquitination of TβRI when the level of active TGF-β is low [ xref ]."

sparser
"Initially, we tested if mutated SMURF2 could form complexes with both SMAD7 and USP15."

sparser
"On the contrary, when the level of TGF β in the body is too low, USP15 associates with smad7 and smurf2 to form a complex to deubiquitinate the type I TGF β receptor and further increase the expression level of the intracellular signaling of TGF β [ xref , xref ]."

sparser
"As shown in xref , mutated SMURF2 bound to both USP15 and SMAD7 to the same degree as wild type SMURF2."

sparser
"At the receptor level USP15 forms a complex with SMAD7 and SMURF2 with USP15 opposing the effects of the SMURF2 ligase on TβR stabilization ."

sparser
"USP15 binds to the Smad7-Smurf2 complex and, like USP4 and USP11, deubiquitinates the TGF-β type I receptor, thereby maintaining the stability of this receptor and enhancing TGF-β signalling."
PRPF31 affects USP15
3 | 3 3
3 | 3 3

sparser
"We then confirmed the interaction between PRP31 and USP15 with immunoprecipitation (Figure xref )."

sparser
"To examine whether PRP31 interacts directly with USP15, glutathione beads immobilized with a GST-tagged DUSP-UBL domain of USP15 was incubated with PRP31, which was synthesized with the in vitro transcription/translation (IVT/T) in the absence or presence of the SART3 HAT domains."

sparser
"However, the DUSP-UBL domain of USP15 interacted with PRP31 in the presence of SART3 (Figure xref ) indicating that the interaction between PRP31 and USP15 was indirect but mediated by SART3."

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

reach
"We then confirmed the interaction between PRP31 and USP15 with immunoprecipitation."

reach
"To examine whether PRP31 interacts directly with USP15, glutathione beads immobilized with a GST tagged DUSP-UBL domain of USP15 was incubated with PRP31, which was synthesized with the in vitro transcription and translation (IVT/T) in the absence or presence of the SART3 HAT domains."

reach
"However, the DUSP-UBL domain of USP15 interacted with PRP31 in the presence of SART3 indicating that the interaction between PRP31 and USP15 was indirect but mediated by SART3."
FKBP5 affects USP15
2 | 2 5
2 | 2 3

reach
"USP15 loss/gain-of-function variant in HEK293 cells was performed by cell transfection, and the interaction between USP15 and FKBP5 was examined using immunoprecipitation and ubiquitination assays."

reach
"USP15 bound to FKBP5 and protected FKBP5 against ubiquitination."

sparser
"USP15 loss/gain-of-function variant in HEK293 cells was performed by cell transfection, and the interaction between USP15 and FKBP5 was examined using immunoprecipitation and ubiquitination assays."

sparser
"USP15 bound to FKBP5 and protected FKBP5 against ubiquitination."

sparser
"USP15 interacted with FKBP5 and inhibited its ubiquitination in degenerative NP cells."

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

sparser
"Finally, the co‐immunoprecipitation (Co‐IP) assay was performed to determine the interaction between FKBP5 and USP15 in degenerative NP cells."

sparser
"Our results demonstrated that there was a stronger interaction between FKBP5 and USP15 in degenerative NP cells (Figure  xref )."
| 8
| 4

reach
"Together, these findings suggest that USP15 inhibition may not only promote cancer cell apoptosis but also boost T cell mediated anti-tumor immunity."

reach
"For example, USP3, USP25, and USP18 played a positive regulation of the antiviral immune response [ 5–8 ], while USP5, USP4, USP13, USP15, USP14, USP2b, and USP19 negatively regulated antiviral immune[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"USP15 suppresses tumor immunity via deubiquitylation and inactivation of TET2."

reach
"It is thus possible that inhibition of USP15, along with targeting immunosuppressive regulators of the tumor microenvironment, may induce strong antitumor immunity."
USP15 activates immune response.
| 4

reach
"Our previous work demonstrates that USP15 deficiency promotes antitumor immunity in a transplantable B16 melanoma tumor model, which differs from the present findings obtained using the MCA induced primary tumor model."

reach
"These findings indicate that USP15 ablation promotes immunity against transplantable MCA-205, as well as B16, tumors."

reach
"Among these proteins, we found Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 15 (Usp15) which positively regulates type I interferon responses and thereby antiviral immune response."

reach
"USP15 deficiency promotes immunity against transplanted MCA tumors."
USP15 affects YY1
| 8
USP15 increases the amount of YY1.
| 3
USP15 increases the amount of YY1. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"To determine if ectopic USP15 and UbV expression could also alter YY1 transcription and subsequently contribute to changes in YY1 protein expression, we transfected 293T with pNL4-3 and with or without pUSP15-Myc or pFlag-UbV15.1, isolated total RNA, and performed qRT-PCR for the YY1 mRNA level."

reach
"The results showed that neither ectopic USP15 expression nor UbV expression resulted in any apparent changes in YY1 mRNA expression when compared to the control or to each other ( Figure 7 ), indicating that changes of YY1 protein expression by ectopic USP15 and UbV expression are unlikely to occur at the transcription level, and rather at the post-translational level.3.6 Ectopic USP15 and UbV expression altered YY1 ubiquitination."

reach
"Direct WB of whole cell lysates confirmed USP15, UbV expression, and increased YY1 protein expression by exogenous USP15 and decreased YY1 protein expression by UbV15.1 even in the presence of Carfilzomib treatment ( Figure 8A )."
USP15 binds YY1.
| 3
| 3

reach
"USP15 interaction with YY1 would be imperative for YY1 to serve as a substrate of USP15 to be deubiquitinated."

reach
"These results also suggest that USP15 may target other cellular proteins in addition to YY1.3.7 USP15 interaction with YY1."

reach
"Thus, we next determined if there would be any interaction between endogenous USP15 and YY1."
USP15 activates YY1.
| 2
USP15 activates YY1. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"These results support the possibility that USP15 forms a complex with YY1.3.8 YY1 knockdown rescued the inhibitory effects of USP15 on HIV-1 gene expression and virus production, while USP15 knockdown led to decreased YY1 and increased HIV-1 gene expression and virus production."

reach
"In the meantime, we confirmed YY1 and USP15 expression and the changes in YY1 induced by USP15 expression ( Figures 10C–F )."
USP15 affects USP15
| 5
USP15 decreases the amount of USP15.
| 2
USP15 decreases the amount of USP15. 2 / 3
| 2

reach
"Collectively, we demonstrated that miR-26a targeted 3′UTR of USP15 mRNA to inhibit USP15 expression.To further explore the relationship between miR-26a and USP15, the mRNA levels of both miR-26a and USP15 were detected in the presence of multiple viruses."

reach
"Three distinct siRNAs targeting USP15 and a control siRNA targeting FoxO4 were transfected in HEK293 cells (XREF_FIG a), in which all three USP15 siRNAs caused an approximately 80-90% reduction in USP15 protein levels compared with the FoxO4 control (XREF_FIG a)."
USP15 activates USP15.
| 1
USP15 activates USP15. 1 / 3
| 1

reach
"Additionally, our results suggest the need to examine whether blockage of endogenous expression of USP15 reverses USP15 mediated degradation of viral proteins and thus the impairment of HIV-1 replication."
USP15 increases the amount of USP15.
| 2
USP15 increases the amount of USP15. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"Quite interestingly, USP15 expression in BRAF -positive samples is significantly higher than that in BRAF group (Fig. 5e, f), causing 82.1% of USP15 expression in BRAF samples in comparison to 48.6% in BRAF samples (Fig. 5g)."

reach
"In contrast, USP15 + EVs-mimic NC treatment elevated the expression of USP15 without influencing miR-181a-5p levels."
USP15 affects USP11
4 | 4
4 | 1

No evidence text available

sparser
"For example, USP7 inhibitors FT671 and FT827 (ref. xref ) and the cross-reactive USP11USP15 inhibitor mitoxantrone xref , xref misalign active-site residues."

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
USP4 binds USP11 and USP15. 3 / 3
| 3

sparser
"USP15 forms a subfamily with USP4 and USP11 related through a shared presence of N-terminal &quot;domain present in ubiquitin specific proteases&quot; (DUSP) and &quot;ubiquitin-like&quot; (UBL) domains (DU subfamily)."

sparser
"Human deubiquitinase Usp15 forms a small subfamily with its close relatives Usp11 and Usp4, which all share a common domain architecture."

sparser
"USP4 can form stable homodimers and can also interact with USP11 and USP15 ( Fig. 4 )."
USP15 affects PLOD2
1 | 1 6
1 | 1 6

sparser
"Studies by Tong et al. revealed that in breast cancer EMT, PLOD2 is associated with increased cytoplasmic succinate, driving mesenchymal transformations and enhancing cancer cell stemness while reducing 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) levels in chromatin upon silencing of PLOD2. xref Additionally, Lan et al. uncovered a critical interaction between PLOD2 and USP15, a deubiquitinating enzyme, that stabilizes and activates the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, consequently fostering the progression of colorectal cancer. xref This interaction underscores the emerging complexities of PLOD2ʼs role in cancer signaling networks."

sparser
"In addition, PLOD2 interacted with USP15 by stabilizing it in the cytoplasm and then activated the phosphorylation of AKT/mTOR, thereby promoting CRC progression."

sparser
"PLOD2 interacts with USP15 by inhibiting protein degradation of ubiquitination in the cytoplasm."

sparser
"PLOD2 interacted with USP15 in colorectal carcinoma cells."

sparser
"Co‐immunoprecipitation (Co‐IP) was performed to examine the interaction between PLOD2 and USP15, and the results indicated that PLOD2 probably precipitated with USP15 (Figure  xref )."

reach
"48 Additionally, Lan et al. uncovered a critical interaction between PLOD2 and USP15, a deubiquitinating enzyme, that stabilizes and activates the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, consequently fostering the progression of colorectal cancer."

No evidence text available

sparser
"Lan et al. demonstrated that USP15 interacts with PLOD2 via immunoprecipitation."
| 8
USP15 activates Multiple Myeloma.
| 5

reach
"To investigate the role of NF-kappaBp65 signaling in USP15 mediated MM cell proliferation and apoptosis, the NF-kappaBp65 signaling inhibitor PDTC was added to MM cell cultures."

reach
"USP15 knockdown inhibits MM tumor growth and protein expression in vivo."

reach
"Silencing USP15 inhibited MM cell growth both in vitro and in vivo."

reach
"PDTC treatment inhibits USP15 overexpression induced MM cell proliferation and apoptosis inhibition."

reach
"USP15 overexpression promotes MM cell proliferation."
| 3

reach
"USP15 inhibited MM cell apoptosis through activating a feedback loop with NF-kappaBp65."

reach
"USP15 overexpression inhibits MM cell apoptosis."

reach
"In conclusion, our results indicate that NF-kappaBp65 is involved in the regulation of USP15 in MM proliferation and apoptosis and that USP15 inhibits MM apoptosis through activating a feedback loop with NF-kappaBp65."
USP15 affects IL1R2
2 | 3 3
2 | 3 3

reach
"The initial screening identified a number of protein candidates in the SUM159‐IL1R2/‐sIL1R2 and MB231‐IL1R2/‐sIL1R2 cells (Table S5, Supporting Information), among them, we did not find the previous reported ubiquitin Ligases or deubiquitinase of BMI1 such as βTrCP,19 RING1B,20 or USP22,21 but we found that IL1R2 could bind to USP15 (Figure 4 A)."

sparser
"The initial screening identified a number of protein candidates in the SUM159‐IL1R2/‐sIL1R2 and MB231‐IL1R2/‐sIL1R2 cells (Table S5, Supporting Information), among them, we did not find the previous reported ubiquitin Ligases or deubiquitinase of BMI1 such as βTrCP, xref RING1B, xref or USP22, xref but we found that IL1R2 could bind to USP15 ( Figure xref A)."

No evidence text available

reach
"IL1R2 binds and increases the activity of the ubiquitin-specific protease 15 (USP15) in breast cancer cells."

reach
"These results indicated that IL1R2 could bind to USP15 and increases the deubiquitination and stability of BMI1 protein, which then promotes BTIC enrichment and BC progression.2."

sparser
"These results indicated that IL1R2 could bind to USP15 and increases the deubiquitination and stability of BMI1 protein, which then promotes BTIC enrichment and BC progression."

sparser
"Here, we found that IL1R2 intracellular domain (icd‐IL1R2) could bind to the deubiquitinase USP15 at the UBL2 domain and promoted USP15 deubiquitinase activity on BMI1 protein deubiquitination at K81 and finally increased BMI1 stability in BC cellular nucleus."

No evidence text available
USP15 affects IFNG
| 8
USP15 activates IFNG. 8 / 8
| 8

reach
"T cell intrinsic USP15 deficiency promotes excessive IFN-gamma production and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in MCA induced fibrosarcoma."

reach
"These findings suggest that T cell intrinsic USP15 deficiency causes excessive production of IFN-gamma, which promotes an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, during MCA induced primary tumorigenesis."

reach
"Moreover, excessive IFN-gamma production by USP15 deficient CD4 + T cells promoted the expression of CXCL12 leading to an accumulation of T-bet + Treg cells and CD11b + Gr-1 + MDSC, therefore promoting MCA induced tumorigenesis [XREF_BIBR]."

reach
"Our present study revealed that in the MCA induced fibrosarcoma model, USP15 deficiency caused hyper-activation of IFN-gamma + T cells, which was associated with formation of a more immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment characterized by upregulated expression of PD-L1 and CXCL12 and enhanced recruitment of Treg cells and MDSCs."

reach
"However, since the development of primary tumors involves a long period of interplays between tumors and the immune system, it has remained unclear how the excessive and chronic production of IFN-gamma by USP15 deficient T cells impacts the development of primary tumors."

reach
"However, the USP15 deficiency promoted the TCR+CD 28 stimulated production of cytokines, such as interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), in naive CD4 + T cells, as assessed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) (XREF_FIG), intracellular cytokine staining (XREF_FIG) and ELISA (XREF_FIG)."

reach
"found that USP15 was abundantly expressed in immune cells, and the USP15 deficiency promoted the TCR + CD28 - stimulated production of cytokines, such as interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma in naive CD4 + T cells."

reach
"To determine the source of the aberrantly higher level of serum IFN-gamma in Usp15 -/- mice, we examined whether the USP15 deficiency promoted IFN-gamma production in T cells or innate immune cells at the tumor site."

reach
"Ectopic USP15 expression deubiquitinates and stabilizes endogenous YY1 and thus suppresses HIV-1 transcription, while USP15-specific UbV inhibitors prevent endogenous USP15 from deubiquitinating YY1, thus promoting YY1 degradation and relieving USP15-induced inhibition of HIV-1 transcription."

reach
"Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 15 (USP15) can stabilize MDM2, as well as degrade transcription factor NFATc2, to regulate T-cell activation."

reach
"These findings together demonstrate that stabilization of YY1 protein by USP15 deubiquitinating activity contributes to USP15-mediated inhibition of HIV-1 transcription and may help the development of USP15-specific UbV inhibitors as an anti-HIV strategy."

reach
"These results collectively demonstrated the inhibitory effects of USP15 on HIV-1 gene expression and virus production and suggest the important roles of USP15 in HIV infection and pathogenesis.3.2 Ectopic USP15 expression repressed HIV-1 transcription, whereas UbV expression increased HIV-1 transcription."

reach
"Using the USP15 UbV inhibitors, we demonstrated that ectopic USP15 expression inhibited HIV-1 transcription, contributing to decreased HIV-1 gene expression and virus production, whereas expression of UbV, USP15 inhibitors, had opposite effects on HIV-1 transcription, gene expression and virus production."

reach
"Additionally, the transcription activator TFAP4 contributes to higher USP15 levels in ccRCC, providing a preclinical basis for ccRCC management."

reach
"Overexpression of USP15 potentiated TNFalpha- or IL-1beta-triggered NF-kappaB activation and downstream genes transcription, whereas knockdown of USP15 had opposite effects."

reach
"USP15 stabilizes hepatitis B virus X protein, increases its transcription activity (Su et al., 2017), and stabilizes human papillomavirus type 16 E6 protein through direct interaction (Vos et al., 2009; Yaginuma et al., 2018)."
| 2 6
USP15 activates Carcinogenesis.
| 1 4
| 1 4

reach
"Activated BRAF/MAPK pathway functions partially through USP15-mediated TBX3 stabilization, thus genetic knockout of Usp15 leads to disrupted organ development and tumorigenesis comparable to Tbx3 mutants."

reach
"By enhancing TGF-β signaling, USP15 promotes oncogenesis (27)."

reach
"USP15 stabilized TGFβ receptor I and promoted oncogenesis in glioblastoma [51]."

reach
"Eichhorn et al. demonstrated that USP15 stabilized TGF-β receptor I and promoted oncogenesis through the activation of TGF-β signaling (39)."

eidos
"By enhancing TGF-beta signaling , USP15 promotes oncogenesis ( 27 ) ."
USP15 inhibits Carcinogenesis.
| 1 2
| 1 2

eidos
"USP15 may suppress tumorigenesis of HCC by regulating pathway clusters of signal transduction for gene expression , cell cycle , and DNA repair ."

reach
"Conclusion: USP15 may suppress tumorigenesis of HCC by regulating pathway clusters of signal transduction for gene expression, cell cycle, and DNA repair."

reach
"Overexpression of USP15 increased VGLL4 protein level by inhibiting protein degradation, whereas the depletion of USP15 resulted in VGLL4 degradation and thus enhanced tumorigenesis and progression of[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
USP15 affects COPS7A
3 | 1 4
3 | 1 4

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

sparser
"In targeting CSN CSN7A -CRL3 to LD, RAB18 also transfers USP15 to the LD membrane as CSN CSN7A-USP15 -CRL3 BTB ."

No evidence text available

sparser
"We speculate that the function and stability of PLIN2 on LDs are controlled by the CSN CSN7A-USP15 -CRL3 BTB complex."

sparser
"The proteome of CULs includes DUBs like USP15 which specifically interacts with CSN7A [ xref ]."

sparser
"While, in human cells, USP15 specifically binds to CSN7A [ xref ] and consequently to the CSN CSN7A-USP15 -CRL3 BTB complex [ xref ], USP48 is associated with CSN1 [ xref ] but interacts mostly with CSN CSN7B-USP48 -CRL4A/B [ xref ]."

reach
"While, in human cells, USP15 specifically binds to CSN7A [28] and consequently to the CSN -CRL3 complex [1], USP48 is associated with CSN1 [29] but interacts mostly with CSN -CRL4A/B [1]."
USP11 affects USP15
4 | 4
4 | 1

No evidence text available

sparser
"For example, USP7 inhibitors FT671 and FT827 (ref. xref ) and the cross-reactive USP11USP15 inhibitor mitoxantrone xref , xref misalign active-site residues."

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
USP4 binds USP11 and USP15. 3 / 3
| 3

sparser
"USP15 forms a subfamily with USP4 and USP11 related through a shared presence of N-terminal &quot;domain present in ubiquitin specific proteases&quot; (DUSP) and &quot;ubiquitin-like&quot; (UBL) domains (DU subfamily)."

sparser
"Human deubiquitinase Usp15 forms a small subfamily with its close relatives Usp11 and Usp4, which all share a common domain architecture."

sparser
"USP4 can form stable homodimers and can also interact with USP11 and USP15 ( Fig. 4 )."
TFAP4 affects USP15
1 | 6 1
TFAP4 activates USP15.
| 4 1
TFAP4 activates USP15. 5 / 5
| 4 1

reach
"Moreover, the activation of USP15 by TFAP4 as a transcription factor was validated by the following ChIP and pull‐down assay, which would provide a novel theoretical basis for a deeper understanding of renal carcinogenesis.Collectively, our study demonstrated that USP15 upregulation accelerates ccRCC malignant behavior, which may attributed to increased SHC1 stabilization via deubiquitination."

sparser
"Moreover, the activation of USP15 by TFAP4 as a transcription factor was validated by the following ChIP and pull‐down assay, which would provide a novel theoretical basis for a deeper understanding of renal carcinogenesis."

reach
"We concluded that USP-15 promoted the malignant phenotypes of CRC cells by the deubiquitination of TFAP4 upon the transcriptionally activation of PCGF1."

reach
"These data implied that TFAP4 transcriptionally upregulated the PCGF1 expression.We further investigate whether TFAP4 mediated the pro-tumor effects of USP-15."

reach
"USP15, activated by TFAP4 transcriptionally, stabilizes SHC1 via deubiquitination and deteriorates renal cell carcinoma."
TFAP4 binds USP15.
1 | 2
1 | 2

reach
"The physical interaction between TFAP4 and USP-15 was confirmed by Co-IP ( Fig. 6 c)."

No evidence text available

reach
"The interaction between USP-15 and TFAP4 was further confirmed by iFrag platform ( https://sbi.imim.es/iFrag )."
PLOD2 affects USP15
1 | 1 6
1 | 1 6

sparser
"Studies by Tong et al. revealed that in breast cancer EMT, PLOD2 is associated with increased cytoplasmic succinate, driving mesenchymal transformations and enhancing cancer cell stemness while reducing 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) levels in chromatin upon silencing of PLOD2. xref Additionally, Lan et al. uncovered a critical interaction between PLOD2 and USP15, a deubiquitinating enzyme, that stabilizes and activates the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, consequently fostering the progression of colorectal cancer. xref This interaction underscores the emerging complexities of PLOD2ʼs role in cancer signaling networks."

sparser
"In addition, PLOD2 interacted with USP15 by stabilizing it in the cytoplasm and then activated the phosphorylation of AKT/mTOR, thereby promoting CRC progression."

sparser
"PLOD2 interacts with USP15 by inhibiting protein degradation of ubiquitination in the cytoplasm."

sparser
"PLOD2 interacted with USP15 in colorectal carcinoma cells."

sparser
"Co‐immunoprecipitation (Co‐IP) was performed to examine the interaction between PLOD2 and USP15, and the results indicated that PLOD2 probably precipitated with USP15 (Figure  xref )."

reach
"48 Additionally, Lan et al. uncovered a critical interaction between PLOD2 and USP15, a deubiquitinating enzyme, that stabilizes and activates the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, consequently fostering the progression of colorectal cancer."

No evidence text available

sparser
"Lan et al. demonstrated that USP15 interacts with PLOD2 via immunoprecipitation."
NOP53 affects USP15
1 | 5 2
NOP53 binds USP15.
1 | 3 2
1 | 3 2

reach
"These results taken together indicated that GLTSCR2 interacted with RIG-I and USP15 in a complex to support the activity of USP15 to remove K63 linked polyubiquitin chains from RIG-I, leading to inactivation of RIG-I and blockage of IFN-beta induction."

reach
"The result showed that USP15 can interact with GLTSCR2 upon viral infection (XREF_FIG)."

sparser
"The result showed that USP15 can interact with GLTSCR2 upon viral infection ( xref )."

sparser
"These results indicated that USP15 interacted with GLTSCR2, via binding to the range of residues 330–432 (G3)."

reach
"These results indicated that USP15 interacted with GLTSCR2, via binding to the range of residues 330-432 (G3)."

No evidence text available
NOP53 inhibits USP15.
| 2
NOP53 inhibits USP15. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"Interestingly, we detected that reduction of endogenous GLTSCR2 resulted in increased USP15 activity in removing K48 linked ubiquitination of RIG-I-N in GLTSCR2 knockdown cells (XREF_FIG, lane 6), whereas GLTSCR2 presence reduced the activity of USP15 in removing K48 linked ubiquitination of RIG-I-N in HEK293T cells (lane 3)."

reach
"It appeared that GLTSCR2 supported and inhibited the ability of USP15, respectively, to remove K63 linked and K48 linked ubiquitination of RIG-I."
MYC affects USP15
5 | 3
MYC decreases the amount of USP15.
5 |
MYC decreases the amount of USP15. 5 / 5
5 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
MYC binds USP15.
| 3
| 3

sparser
"Ectopically expressed Myc-USP15 was readily detected in Flag-TET2 immune complex ( xref )."
| PMC

sparser
"The ubiquitination of BECN1 appeared in the absence of MYC-USP15 (Fig. xref , lane 2 vs. lane 1), whereas it was markedly attenuated in the presence of MYC-USP15 (Fig. xref , lane 3 vs. lane 2)."

sparser
"FLAG-BECN1 and HA-Ub were transfected in the presence or absence of MYC-USP15."
IL1R2 affects USP15
2 | 3 3
2 | 3 3

reach
"The initial screening identified a number of protein candidates in the SUM159‐IL1R2/‐sIL1R2 and MB231‐IL1R2/‐sIL1R2 cells (Table S5, Supporting Information), among them, we did not find the previous reported ubiquitin Ligases or deubiquitinase of BMI1 such as βTrCP,19 RING1B,20 or USP22,21 but we found that IL1R2 could bind to USP15 (Figure 4 A)."

sparser
"The initial screening identified a number of protein candidates in the SUM159‐IL1R2/‐sIL1R2 and MB231‐IL1R2/‐sIL1R2 cells (Table S5, Supporting Information), among them, we did not find the previous reported ubiquitin Ligases or deubiquitinase of BMI1 such as βTrCP, xref RING1B, xref or USP22, xref but we found that IL1R2 could bind to USP15 ( Figure xref A)."

No evidence text available

reach
"IL1R2 binds and increases the activity of the ubiquitin-specific protease 15 (USP15) in breast cancer cells."

reach
"These results indicated that IL1R2 could bind to USP15 and increases the deubiquitination and stability of BMI1 protein, which then promotes BTIC enrichment and BC progression.2."

sparser
"These results indicated that IL1R2 could bind to USP15 and increases the deubiquitination and stability of BMI1 protein, which then promotes BTIC enrichment and BC progression."

sparser
"Here, we found that IL1R2 intracellular domain (icd‐IL1R2) could bind to the deubiquitinase USP15 at the UBL2 domain and promoted USP15 deubiquitinase activity on BMI1 protein deubiquitination at K81 and finally increased BMI1 stability in BC cellular nucleus."

No evidence text available
HMGB1 affects USP15
| 3 5
| 3 5

sparser
"Co-IP results of the endogenous proteins from B-CPAP cells and KTC-1 cells showed that USP15 could interact with HMGB1, supporting the functional cooperation of USP15 and HMGB1 (Figure xref D)."

reach
"Therefore, the interaction between USP15 and HMGB1 was investigated in depth (Table S1)."

reach
"In Figure 2C, it is further demonstrated that USP15 can bind to HMGB1 in HEK-293T cells overexpressed with USP15 and HMGB1."

reach
"The interaction between USP15 and HMGB1 was identified by LC-ESL-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS and immunoprecipitation."

sparser
"The interaction between USP15 and HMGB1 was identified by LC-ESL-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS and immunoprecipitation."

sparser
"USP15 interacts with HMGB1."

sparser
"Therefore, the interaction between USP15 and HMGB1 was investigated in depth ( xref )."

sparser
"In Figure xref C, it is further demonstrated that USP15 can bind to HMGB1 in HEK-293T cells overexpressed with USP15 and HMGB1."
EIF4A1 affects USP15
2 | 1 5
2 | 1 5

sparser
"Since USP15 could interact with EIF4A1, we then investigated whether EIF4A1 expression could be regulated by USP15."

sparser
"USP15 Interacted With EIF4A1."

sparser
"Together, these results suggest that the USP15-EIF4A1 axis is a key mediator of the reepithelialization process."

reach
"In prior studies, USP15 was shown to interact with EIF4A1 and to thereby accelerate wound healing [XREF_BIBR]."

No evidence text available

sparser
"Conclusively, the USP15-EIF4A1 complex significantly accelerated re-epithelialization in wound healing."

No evidence text available

sparser
"In addition, a western blot assay proved that the USP15 protein could be pulled down in the anti-EIF4A1 group, which indicated a direct interaction between EIF4A1 and USP15 ( xref )."
COPS7A affects USP15
3 | 1 4
3 | 1 4

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

sparser
"In targeting CSN CSN7A -CRL3 to LD, RAB18 also transfers USP15 to the LD membrane as CSN CSN7A-USP15 -CRL3 BTB ."

No evidence text available

sparser
"We speculate that the function and stability of PLIN2 on LDs are controlled by the CSN CSN7A-USP15 -CRL3 BTB complex."

sparser
"The proteome of CULs includes DUBs like USP15 which specifically interacts with CSN7A [ xref ]."

sparser
"While, in human cells, USP15 specifically binds to CSN7A [ xref ] and consequently to the CSN CSN7A-USP15 -CRL3 BTB complex [ xref ], USP48 is associated with CSN1 [ xref ] but interacts mostly with CSN CSN7B-USP48 -CRL4A/B [ xref ]."

reach
"While, in human cells, USP15 specifically binds to CSN7A [28] and consequently to the CSN -CRL3 complex [1], USP48 is associated with CSN1 [29] but interacts mostly with CSN -CRL4A/B [1]."
C6orf89 affects USP15
| 5 3
C6orf89 ubiquitinates USP15.
| 2 3
C6orf89 ubiquitinates USP15. 5 / 5
| 2 3

sparser
"We have been able to show that USP4 and USP15 can oppose this BRAP ubiquitylation and that BRAP can promote ubiquitylation of catalytically inactive USP15."

reach
"In turn, BRAP can ubiquitylate USP15, which is opposed by its intrinsic catalytic activity."

sparser
"USP15 as well as USP4 oppose the autoubiquitylation of BRAP, whereas BRAP promotes the ubiquitylation of USP15."

reach
"We have been able to show that USP4 and USP15 can oppose this BRAP ubiquitylation and that BRAP can promote ubiquitylation of catalytically inactive USP15."

sparser
"In turn, BRAP can ubiquitylate USP15, which is opposed by its intrinsic catalytic activity."
C6orf89 binds USP15.
| 3
| 3

reach
"Indeed, we were able to detect a constitutive interaction between endogenous USP15 and BRAP in (both stimulated and unstimulated) HEK293T cells (XREF_FIG B)."

reach
"In this study we show that CRAF expression levels are controlled by the BRAP binding partner USP15, which therefore acts as a positive regulator of MAPK signaling."

reach
"This reinforces the notion that although both USP4 and USP15 can interact with BRAP under certain experimental conditions, the USP15 : BRAP rather than USP4 : BRAP interaction may be of most relevance within a physiological setting."
APC affects USP15
1 | 4 3
1 | 4 3

sparser
"In addition, NKD1 can promote the ubiquitination degradation of APC by inhibiting the binding of APC to the deubiquitinating enzyme USP15."

reach
"Thus, the CSN controls the Wnt and beta-catenin signalling by assisting the assembly of beta-catenin-degrading supercomplexes by deneddylation and, simultaneously, by stabilising APC via CSN associated USP15."

sparser
"NKD1 promotes the ubiquitination degradation of APC by prohibiting the expression of USP15 and blocking binding of the deubiquitinating enzyme USP15 to APC and leads to the entry of β‐catenin into the nucleus to promote colon cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, while let‐7b‐5p inhibits this process by targeting NKD1 (Figure  xref )."

reach
"CSN controls Wnt and beta-catenin signaling by assisting with the assembly of beta-catenin-degrading supercomplexes by deneddylation and, simultaneously, by stabilizing APC via CSN associated USP15."

reach
"A model is provided that proposes a role of CSN mediated deneddylation in the formation of the beta-catenin-degrading supercomplex and the protection of complex bound APC via CSN associated USP15."

No evidence text available

reach
"In addition, immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that the binding of USP15 to APC was remarkably blocked by the NKD1 overexpression, while the combination between APC and USP15 was notably enhanced through knocking down NKD1 (Figure 9D)."

sparser
"In addition, immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that the binding of USP15 to APC was remarkably blocked by the NKD1 overexpression, while the combination between APC and USP15 was notably enhanced through knocking down NKD1 (Figure  xref )."
7 |
Valproic acid increases the amount of USP15. 7 / 7
7 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
XDH affects USP15
3 | 1 3
3 | 1 3

sparser
"Mechanistically, XOR physically interacts with USP15, thereby promoting deubiquitination of Kelch Like ECH Associated Protein 1 (KEAP1) to stabilize its expression, which leads to degradation of Nrf2 via ubiquitination and subsequently reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in liver CSCs."

sparser
"In addition, xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) can interact with USP15 to enhance the stability of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1), which ultimately promotes the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and liver cancer stem cells (CSCs) ( xref )."

reach
"Mechanistically, XOR physically interacts with USP15, thereby promoting deubiquitination of Kelch Like ECH Associated Protein 1 (KEAP1) to stabilize its expression, which leads to degradation of Nrf2 via ubiquitination and subsequently reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in liver CSCs."

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

sparser
"USP15 physically interacts with XOR and stabilizes Kelch-like ECH, which is attributed to ROS accumulation in hepatocellular carcinoma [ xref ]."
USP15 affects pathway
| 7
USP15 activates pathway.
| 4
USP15 activates pathway. 4 / 4
| 4

sparser
"BRCA1 is a crucial component of the BRCC3 complex, leading to our conjecture that USP15 may activate the NF-κB pathway by deubiquitinating BRCC3, thereby augmenting its expression and ultimately influencing bladder cancer progression."

sparser
"USP15 activates the TGF-β pathway, while its inhibition reduces TGF-β activity, suppressing Glioblastoma cell proliferation."

sparser
"These results demonstrate that USP15 can activate the NF-κB pathway by modulating the levels of BRCC3."

sparser
"PLOD2 has been shown to play an oncogenic role in colorectal carcinoma by upregulating USP15, which subsequently activates the AKT/mTOR pathway [ xref ]."
USP15 inhibits pathway.
| 3
USP15 inhibits pathway. 3 / 3
| 3

sparser
"Meanwhile, studies have confirmed that USP15 can inhibit the NF-κB pathway, thereby suppressing the pro-inflammatory phenotype of macrophages."

sparser
"It has been reported in that USP15 is highly expressed in gastric cancer, promoting malignant progression by activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway [ xref ], however, other studies have found that USP15 can inhibit the NF-κB pathway by deubiquitinating IκB-α, thereby inhibiting the proliferation and invasion of gastric cancer [ xref ]."

sparser
"The NF‐kB signalling pathway plays critical role in regulation of innate and adaptive immunity, inflammation, apoptosis, cancer and tumour development. xref NF‐kB is a transcription factor, consists of five related proteins, p105/p50 (NF‐κB1) and p100/p52 (NF‐κB2), p65 (RelA), RelB and c‐Rel (Rel), which in resting state remain in the cytoplasm as dimers associated with the IκB inhibitor. xref There are eight IκB proteins, IκBα, IκBβ, IκBε, IκBζ, BCL‐3, IκBns and the precursor proteins NF‐κB2 and NF‐κB1, which are characterized by the presence of six to seven ankyrin repeat motifs (ANK) which have binding ability to NF‐κB dimers. xref , xref Therefore, in unstimulated cells, NF‐κB dimers bind to IκB inhibitor proteins in the cytoplasm because all NF‐κB proteins are characterized by the presence of a highly conserved Rel homology domain (RHD) in their N‐terminus, which contains a nuclear localization signal (NLS) and is responsible interaction with IκBs. xref Upon stimulation, IκB is phosphorylated in serine residues by the IκB kinase (IKK) complex, which consists of two catalytic subunits, IKKα (IKK1 or CHUK) and IKKβ (IKK2) and an NF‐κB essential modifier (NEMO, also known as IKKγ, IKKAP1 or Fip‐3). xref , xref Phosphorylated IκB creates a destruction motif recognized by the ubiquitin ligase complex and degraded by 26S proteasome, then NF‐κB complexes translocate to the nucleus and regulates the expression of its target genes. xref , xref Ubiquitination plays a crucial role in control of NF‐κB pathway as a major regulator of the immune response. xref USP15 inhibits the NF‐κB pathway by removing K48‐Ub from IκBα and consequently prevent degradation it."
USP15 affects XDH
3 | 1 3
3 | 1 3

sparser
"Mechanistically, XOR physically interacts with USP15, thereby promoting deubiquitination of Kelch Like ECH Associated Protein 1 (KEAP1) to stabilize its expression, which leads to degradation of Nrf2 via ubiquitination and subsequently reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in liver CSCs."

sparser
"In addition, xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) can interact with USP15 to enhance the stability of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1), which ultimately promotes the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and liver cancer stem cells (CSCs) ( xref )."

reach
"Mechanistically, XOR physically interacts with USP15, thereby promoting deubiquitination of Kelch Like ECH Associated Protein 1 (KEAP1) to stabilize its expression, which leads to degradation of Nrf2 via ubiquitination and subsequently reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in liver CSCs."

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

sparser
"USP15 physically interacts with XOR and stabilizes Kelch-like ECH, which is attributed to ROS accumulation in hepatocellular carcinoma [ xref ]."
USP15 affects SYVN1
3 | 1 3
3 | 1 3

sparser
"USP15 interacts with Hrd1, an E3 ligase, in microphages to regulate IkBα degradation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production in the TLR4-mediated signalling pathway [ xref ]."

No evidence text available

sparser
"SYVN1 directly interacts with the deubiquitinating enzyme Usp15."

sparser
"Hrd1 interacts directly with the deubiquitinating enzyme Usp15."

reach
"Hrd1 interacts directly with the deubiquitinating enzyme Usp15."

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
USP15 affects SRSF1
| 7
USP15 activates SRSF1.
| 5
USP15 activates SRSF1. 5 / 5
| 5

reach
"On the other hand, SRSF1 is upregulated by high USP15 and USP4 that enhance cell proliferation and invasion (Fig. 7D)."

reach
"Depletion of USP15 and USP4 impair SRSF1 splicing characterized by the replacement of exon 4 with non-coding intron sequences retained at its C-terminus, resulting in an alternative isoform SRSF1-3."

reach
"Deubiquitination enzyme USP15 and its similar parallel gene USP4 were overexpressed and promoted the proliferation of lung cancer cells by regulating SRSF1 alternative splicing (67)."

reach
"Overexpression of USP15 and USP4 upregulated SRSF1 (Fig. 3A), while the knockdown caused its downregulation (Fig. 3B)."

reach
"Additionally, the depletion of SRSF1 by USP15 and USP4 knockdown got restored by ectopically overexpressed USP15 or USP4 wild-type, but not by their respective active site mutants (Fig. 3C, D), suggesting that USP15 and USP4 activity is required for SRSF1 regulation."
USP15 increases the amount of SRSF1.
| 2
USP15 increases the amount of SRSF1. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"Collectively, our current study demonstrates USP15 and USP4 mediated lung cancer cell proliferation and migration by increasing the expression of functional full-length SRSF1 protein."

reach
"Also, the subsequent overexpression of SRSF1 restored the decreased invasion by USP15 (Fig. 5C, D) and USP4 (Fig. 5F, G) knockdown in H157 cells, as well as in A549 cells (Supplementary Fig. 5A, B)."
USP15 affects HECTD1
2 | 2 3
2 | 2 3

No evidence text available

sparser
"Interaction of USP15 with HECTD1."

No evidence text available

sparser
"Then we assessed the nature of the interaction between USP15 and HECTD1."

sparser
"To better understand the USP15-HECTD1 interaction we performed a de-ubiquitination assay."

reach
"First we confirmed the interaction between USP15 and HECTD1 in two additional GBM cell lines, LN-428 and LN-18 after immunoprecipitation of the endogenous USP15 by Western blot."

reach
"Then we assessed the nature of the interaction between USP15 and HECTD1."
USP15 affects DEK
1 1 | 5
USP15 deubiquitinates DEK.
1 | 2
USP15 leads to the deubiquitination of DEK. 3 / 3
1 | 2

"KIF15 upregulation promotes leiomyosarcoma cell growth via promoting <span class="match term0">USP15</span>-mediated <span class="match term1">DEK</span> deubiquitylation"

reach
"Ubiquitination assays showed that USP15 overexpression reduced DEK polyubiquitination and largely abrogated polyubiquitination induced by KIF15 knockdown ( Fig. 3 K)."

reach
"USP15 knockdown increased DEK polyubiquitination and canceled the effect of KIF15 overexpression on reducing DEK polyubiquitination (Figure 3L)."
USP15 binds DEK.
1 | 1
1 | 1

No evidence text available

reach
"Additionally, KIF15 recruits and promoted the binding between USP15 and DEK, facilitating the proliferation of leiomyosarcoma cells by preventing DEK degradation [46]."
USP15 activates DEK.
| 2
USP15 activates DEK. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"USP15 overexpression increased DEK protein concentration, while USP15 knockdown decreased DEK protein concentration ( Fig. 3 E)."

reach
"However, KIF15 knockdown partly weakened USP15-mediated DEK stabilization ( Fig. 3 H and J)."
USP15 affects CGAS
| 3 4
USP15 activates CGAS. 5 / 5
| 3 2

sparser
"USP15 activates cGAS in the presence of DNA by two parallel pathways: facilitating cGAS deubiquitination and enhancing its phase separation, which contrasts with conventional cGAS deubiquitination mechanisms, such as those mediated by USP14 ( xref , xref )."

reach
"Ubiquitin-Specific-Processing Protease 15 (USP15), a protease involved in protein deubiquitination, promotes the cGAS–STING signaling through two independent mechanisms."

reach
"On the other hand, USP15, through its IDR region, can promote the condensate formation of cGAS [33]."

sparser
"In innate immunity, the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes(cGAS-STING)pathway, a core DNA sensing mechanism, undergoes multi-level regulation by USP15 deubiquitination: USP15 activates cGAS via deubiquitination and feeds back positively to promote its dimerization and phase separation."

reach
"USP15 activates cGAS in the presence of DNA by two parallel pathways: facilitating cGAS deubiquitination and enhancing its phase separation, which contrasts with conventional cGAS deubiquitination mechanisms, such as those mediated by USP14 (18, 23)."
USP15 activates CGAS. 2 / 2
| 2

sparser
"USP15 activates cGAS in the presence of DNA by two parallel pathways: facilitating cGAS deubiquitination and enhancing its phase separation, which contrasts with conventional cGAS deubiquitination mechanisms, such as those mediated by USP14 ( xref , xref )."

sparser
"In innate immunity, the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes(cGAS-STING)pathway, a core DNA sensing mechanism, undergoes multi-level regulation by USP15 deubiquitination: USP15 activates cGAS via deubiquitination and feeds back positively to promote its dimerization and phase separation."
USP15 affects BMI1
2 | 4 1
USP15 deubiquitinates BMI1.
| 4
USP15 deubiquitinates BMI1 at position 81. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"Further analysis showed that USP15 deubiquitinated BMI1 at lysine 81 (Figure 4F), which could also be confirmed by an in vitro deubiquitination assay (Figure 4G)."

reach
"Finally, USP15 induces BMI1 deubiquitination at lysine 81 and stabilizes BMI1 protein [ 32 ]."
USP15 deubiquitinates BMI1 on lysine. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"Finally, USP15 induces BMI1 deubiquitination at lysine 81 and stabilizes BMI1 protein [ 32 ]."

reach
"Further analysis showed that USP15 deubiquitinated BMI1 at lysine 81 (Figure 4F), which could also be confirmed by an in vitro deubiquitination assay (Figure 4G)."
USP15 binds BMI1.
2 | 1
2 | 1

sparser
"Co‐IP analysis also showed that BMI1 could interact with USP15 in BC cells (Figure xref C)."

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
SYVN1 affects USP15
3 | 1 3
3 | 1 3

sparser
"USP15 interacts with Hrd1, an E3 ligase, in microphages to regulate IkBα degradation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production in the TLR4-mediated signalling pathway [ xref ]."

No evidence text available

sparser
"SYVN1 directly interacts with the deubiquitinating enzyme Usp15."

sparser
"Hrd1 interacts directly with the deubiquitinating enzyme Usp15."

reach
"Hrd1 interacts directly with the deubiquitinating enzyme Usp15."

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
RUNX1 affects USP15
| 6 1
RUNX1 increases the amount of USP15.
| 3
RUNX1 increases the amount of USP15. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"This study investigated PH-related molecular interactions in PASMCs and found: 1) RUNX1 promotes hypoxia-induced PASMC dysfunction and PH; 2) RUNX1 transcriptionally activates the expression of USP15; 3) USP15 reduces CBX5 ubiquitination and promotes CBX5 expression; and 4) RUNX1 regulates PASMC function through the USP15/CBX5 axis.RUNX1 is a master developmental regulator essential for hematopoietic cell differentiation and normal hematopoiesis [21]."

reach
"By binding to the USP15 promoter, RUNX1 increased USP15 transcription and promoted USP15 expression in PASMCs.USP15 belongs to the USP family of deubiquitinating enzymes that mediate the reverse process of ubiquitination, called deubiquitination."

reach
"In summary, RUNX1 stimulates hypoxia-induced PASMC dysfunction by increasing USP15 transcription to promote the deubiquitination and expression of CBX5."
RUNX1 binds USP15.
| 1 1
| 1 1

sparser
"ChIP experiments demonstrated that RUNX1 strongly binds to the promoter of USP15 ( xref , P < 0.01 vs IgG)."

reach
"The JASPAR database (https://jaspar.elixir.no/) shows that RUNX1, as a transcription factor, can directly bind to USP15, and the binding motif is displayed in Figure 4C."
RUNX1 activates USP15.
| 2
RUNX1 activates USP15. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"In PASMCs, RUNX1 knockdown significantly inhibited the luciferase activity of the USP15 promoter construct (Figure 4E, P < 0.01)."

reach
"RUNX1 enhanced ubiquitin-specific protease 15 (USP15) promoter activity."
RNF26 affects USP15
3 | 1 2
3 | 1 2

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

reach
"Weshow that RNF26 interacts with the DUB USP15, which influences occupancy of RNF26 by their common substrate, SQSTM1."

sparser
"This function could be served by USP15, which preferentially associates with catalytically competent RNF26 ( xref A and 5D)."

sparser
"We show that RNF26 interacts with the DUB USP15, which influences occupancy of RNF26 by their common substrate, SQSTM1."
HECTD1 affects USP15
2 | 2 3
2 | 2 3

No evidence text available

sparser
"Interaction of USP15 with HECTD1."

No evidence text available

sparser
"Then we assessed the nature of the interaction between USP15 and HECTD1."

sparser
"To better understand the USP15-HECTD1 interaction we performed a de-ubiquitination assay."

reach
"First we confirmed the interaction between USP15 and HECTD1 in two additional GBM cell lines, LN-428 and LN-18 after immunoprecipitation of the endogenous USP15 by Western blot."

reach
"Then we assessed the nature of the interaction between USP15 and HECTD1."
Rep affects USP15
6 |
6 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
| DOI

No evidence text available
| DOI

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
USP4 affects SART3
| 1 5
USP15 binds SART3 and USP4. 6 / 6
| 1 5

sparser
"Consistent with our prediction, SART3 interacted with endogenous USP4 and USP15 (Figure xref )."

sparser
"We next examined whether SART3 forms a complex with USP15 and USP4 simultaneously using sequential immunoprecipitation."

reach
"Deubiquitination of PRP31 and PRP3 by the USP15, SART3, and USP4 complex decreases the affinity towards PRP8 and this regulation is important for the proper splicing of chromosome segregation related genes such as Bub1 and alpha-tubulin."

sparser
"Drugs interfering with the interaction between USP4 and USP15 and SART3 may selectively inhibit the DUB functions in the nucleus."
| PMC

sparser
"Moreover, as a substrate recruiting factor of USP15 either ( xref ; xref ), SART3 can simultaneously bind USP4 and USP15, serving as a platform to deubiquitinate PRP31 and PRP3 ( xref )."

sparser
"PRP31, a component of the U4 snRNP, is modified with K63-linked ubiquitin chains by the PRP19 complex and is deubiquitinated by the ternary complex of USP15, SART3, and USP4."
| 1 5
| 1 5

reach
"Herein, we first revealed that USP15 could promote wound healing by enhancing the proliferation and migration of HDFs and activating the TGF-β signaling pathway, thereby providing a novel therapeutic [MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"Retracted: Platelet-Rich Plasma-Derived Exosomal USP15 Promotes Cutaneous Wound Healing via Deubiquitinating EIF4A1."

reach
"USP15 is an important driver of PRP-EVs-mediated wound healing."

reach
"These results showed that wound recovery is delayed in USP15 -deficient mice, demonstrating that silencing USP15 attenuates wound healing in vivo ."

eidos
"Our group previously demonstrated that USP15 could directly accelerate wound healing by stabilizing TBR1 and maintaining the TGF-beta signaling pathway in fibroblasts ( Zhao et al ., 2019 ) ."

reach
"14 We demonstrate herein, for the first time, that USP15 can directly modulate wound healing by stabilizing TBR1 and maintaining the TGF-β signaling pathway, which represents a novel regulatory mechan[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
USP15 affects rep
6 |
6 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
| DOI

No evidence text available
| DOI

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
USP15 affects activity
| 6
USP15 activates activity.
| 4
USP15 activates activity. 4 / 4
| 4

sparser
"Furthermore, we examined whether USP15 can activate the NRF1-induced endogenous proteasome activity ( Fig. 3 B)."

sparser
"Thus, we concluded that USP15 activates proteasome activity through regulating Nrf1 function."

sparser
"USP15 activates ubiquitin ligase activity by deubiquitinating Keap1 as its adaptor, promoting the proteasomal degradation of Nrf2."

sparser
"These results clearly suggest that USP15 activates the transcriptional activity of Nrf1."
USP15 inhibits activity.
| 2
USP15 inhibits activity. 2 / 2
| 2

sparser
"Myc-USP15 inhibited the activity of Nrf2 in a concentration-dependent manner ( xref )."

sparser
"Moreover, high alkaline phosphatase activity is linked to poor prognosis in patients with prostatic bone metastases [ xref ], and we found that loss of USP15 inhibited BMP-induced alkaline phosphatase activity in C2C12 cells."
USP15 affects TRAF4
2 | 3 1
2 | 3 1

sparser
"TRAF4 also interacts with deubiquitinating enzyme USP15, which deubiquitinates TβRI upon SMURF2-mediated ubiquitination of TβRI, stabilizing this signaling pathway."

reach
"Moreover, USP15, a recently reported deubiquitinating enzyme for TbetaRI (Eichhorn et al., 2012), also associates with TRAF4."

No evidence text available

reach
"TRAF4 binds to SMURF2 and USP15."

reach
"TRAF4 also interacts with deubiquitinating enzyme USP15, which deubiquitinates TbetaRI upon SMURF2 mediated ubiquitination of TbetaRI, stabilizing this signaling pathway."

No evidence text available
USP15 affects TOP2A
2 | 4
USP15 deubiquitinates TOP2A.
| 3
USP15 leads to the deubiquitination of TOP2A. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"Accordingly, in the presence or absence of MG132, silencing endogenous USP15 promoted TOP2A ubiquitination (Figures 6I and 6J)."

reach
"USP15 overexpression significantly reduced the endogenous ubiquitination of TOP2A, and silencing endogenous USP15 promoted TOP2A ubiquitination."

reach
"The results revealed that USP15 significantly diminished TOP2A ubiquitination, suggesting that USP15 might be a potential TOP2A deubiquitinase (Figure 6B)."
USP15 binds TOP2A.
2 | 1
2 | 1

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

reach
"We further investigated the interaction between USP15 and TOP2A."
USP15 affects SMAD2_3
| 2 4
USP15 binds SMAD2_3.
| 4
| 4

sparser
"Finally, we provide evidence that this type of control might operate more widely by showing that interactions between USP15 with SMAD2/3 ( xref ) are subject to USP15 auto-regulation."

sparser
"In light of our USP4 findings, we tested whether catalytically dead USP15 was still able to interact with one of its established substrates, SMAD2/3 ( xref ), and if this interaction was influenced by C451A mutagenesis."

sparser
"Similar to USP4, the interactions between USP15 and its protein target, SMAD2/3 [ xref ], are governed via USP15 self-regulation, while catalytically inactive USP15 lacks the ability to bind to SMAD2/3 protein [ xref ]."

sparser
"Studies have shown that the substrate SMAD2/3 can interact with WT USP15, and not with a catalytically dead USP15 mutant, implying that there may be an auto-deubiquitination-dependent interaction as well ( xref ; xref )."
USP15 deubiquitinates SMAD2_3.
| 2
USP15 deubiquitinates SMAD2_3. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"USP15 has been reported to reverse SMAD2/3 monoubiquitylation, which targets the DNA binding domains of SMAD2/3 and inhibits promoter recognition."

reach
"Upon TGFbeta signaling, Usp15 deubiquitinates Smad2/3, which would lead to p97 dissociation and transcription activation."
USP15 affects SELENBP1
1 | 3 2
USP15 binds SELENBP1.
1 | 1 2
1 | 1 2

reach
"After GeneMANIA prediction, the interaction between USP15 and SELENBP1 was verified using Co-immunoprecipitation (CoIP) assay."

No evidence text available

sparser
"After GeneMANIA prediction, the interaction between USP15 and SELENBP1 was verified using Co-immunoprecipitation (CoIP) assay."

sparser
"In mechanism, USP15 interacted with SELENBP1 and maintained its stabilization by removing ubiquitin."
USP15 deubiquitinates SELENBP1.
| 2
USP15 deubiquitinates SELENBP1. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"USP15 transcriptionally mediated by PRDM1 might boost TC cell malignant behaviors through deubiquitinating SELENBP1, providing a promising therapeutic target for TC treatment."

reach
"PRDM1 has been shown to promote ferroptosis in thyroid cancer by regulating the ubiquitin-specific peptidase 15 -mediated deubiquitination of selenium-binding protein 1."
USP15 affects RORC
1 | 5
1 | 5

sparser
"Interestingly, a catalytically inactive USP15 with a cysteine 298 to alanine mutation (C298A) ( xref ), had reduced interaction with RORγt ( xref ), suggesting important function of enzyme activity in RORγt-USP15 interaction."

No evidence text available

sparser
"USP15 interacts with RORγt and removes ubiquitin from K446, and stimulates RORγt activity by enhancing coactivator SRC1 recruitment."

sparser
"USP15 interacts with RORγt, removes ubiquitin from K446, and enhances RORγt activity by promoting coactivator SRC1 recruitment."

sparser
"USP15 interacts with RORγt and deubiquitinates K446."

sparser
"We also confirmed the RORγt-USP15 interaction in differentiated Th17 cells ( xref )."
USP15 affects RIPK1
1 | 4 1
USP15 binds RIPK1.
1 | 2 1
1 | 2 1

reach
"For example, deubiquitinase USP15 interacts with and deubiquitinates kinase RIPK1, leading to its stabilization and activation of downstream signaling pathways [47]."

reach
"This interaction between USP15 and RIPK1 is regulated by phosphorylation of specific sites on USP15, which enhances its binding to RIPK1 and promotes the stabilization of RIPK1."

sparser
"This interaction between USP15 and RIPK1 is regulated by phosphorylation of specific sites on USP15, which enhances its binding to RIPK1 and promotes the stabilization of RIPK1."

No evidence text available
USP15 deubiquitinates RIPK1.
| 2
USP15 deubiquitinates RIPK1. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"For example, deubiquitinase USP15 interacts with and deubiquitinates kinase RIPK1, leading to its stabilization and activation of downstream signaling pathways [47]."

reach
"For example, TNFAIP3, CYLD, USP3, USP4, USP15, USP25, and OTUD5 deubiquitinate key components of the IFN production pathway, including RIG-I, TRAF2, TRAF3, TRAF6, RIP1, and TRIF (reviewed in [93,94])."
USP15 affects RAF1
| 5
USP15 decreases the amount of RAF1.
| 3
USP15 decreases the amount of RAF1. 3 / 4
| 3

reach
"Concordantly, depletion of USP15 in these cells caused a reduction of CRAF expression levels but did not affect the MEK or ERK phosphorylation status (XREF_FIG C)."

reach
"RT-PCR analysis of mRNA levels showed that USP15 depletion with two independent oligos causes a reduction of CRAF transcript levels (XREF_FIG A)."

reach
"Although, USP15 depletion reduced the level of C-RAF, it had no effect on the level of B-RAF and p-MEK in B-RAFV600E harbouring melanoma cells [155]."
USP15 increases the amount of RAF1.
| 2
USP15 increases the amount of RAF1. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"Furthermore we are able to demonstrate that USP15 also contributes to the regulation of sustained MAP kinase signaling after acute stimulation by modulating the expression level of the upstream kinase CRAF."

reach
"Rather we found a specific and significant impact of USP15 depletion on a luciferase reporter cloned upstream of the CRAF 3 '-UTR, suggesting that USP15 may modulate CRAF protein levels via an as yet identified mechanism involving its 3 '-UTR."
USP15 affects NRF1
| 6
USP15 binds NRF1.
| 4
| 4

sparser
"In addition, USP15 physically interacts with Nrf1 and also markedly stabilizes the CNC-bZIP protein by removing its ubiquitin moieties, so that this transcription factor is activated to promote expres[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

sparser
"Nevertheless, the coexpression of 3 × Flag-Nrf1 caused the nuclear translocation of V5-USP15, implying a physical interaction between USP15 and Nrf1 in cells (top panels)."

sparser
"In contrast, USP15 physically interacts with Nrf1 and also stabilizes Nrf1 by removing its ubiquitin moieties, such that this transcription factor is activated to promote the expression of Nrf1-target proteasomal genes [ xref ]."

sparser
"Consistently, 3 × Flag-Nrf1 was coprecipitated with V5-USP15, indicating that USP15 physically interacts with Nrf1 in cells."
USP15 activates NRF1.
| 2
USP15 activates NRF1. 2 / 2
| 2

sparser
"Fukagai et al. xref had shown that USP15 could stabilize and activate Nrf1 in the nucleus through deubiquitination, and knockdown of USP15 reduced the expression of NRF1-induced proteasome, to participate in maintaining protein homeostasis at the transcriptional level."

sparser
"This study demonstrates a new molecular mechanism of Nrf1 activation by the deubiquitination enzyme USP15 ( Fig. 4 B)."
USP15 affects NOP53
1 | 3 2
1 | 3 2

reach
"These results taken together indicated that GLTSCR2 interacted with RIG-I and USP15 in a complex to support the activity of USP15 to remove K63 linked polyubiquitin chains from RIG-I, leading to inactivation of RIG-I and blockage of IFN-beta induction."

reach
"The result showed that USP15 can interact with GLTSCR2 upon viral infection (XREF_FIG)."

sparser
"The result showed that USP15 can interact with GLTSCR2 upon viral infection ( xref )."

sparser
"These results indicated that USP15 interacted with GLTSCR2, via binding to the range of residues 330–432 (G3)."

reach
"These results indicated that USP15 interacted with GLTSCR2, via binding to the range of residues 330-432 (G3)."

No evidence text available
USP15 affects Flag
| 6
| 6

sparser
"Flag-USP15 significantly reduced p66Shc ubiquitin conjugation (Fig. xref )."

sparser
"HA-Ub, Myc-p66Shc, and Flag-USP15 plasmids were co-transfected to HEK-293 cells."

sparser
"This indicated that either the upregulation of USP15 and p66Shc, or their increased interaction or both contribute to liver I/R. Furthermore, Myc-p66Shc and Flag-USP15 plasmids were co-transfected to HEK293 cells in order to verify the physical association between USP15 and p66Shc."

sparser
"HeLa cells overexpressed with Flag-USP15 were harvested by trypsinization after 36 h of transfection."

sparser
"In addition, Flag-USP15 was co-precipitated efficiently by pS/pT antibody affinity purification ( Fig. 1 c), which further confirms the phosphorylation of USP15 in cells."

sparser
"Labelling experiments were performed with HeLa cells lysate overexpressing Flag-USP5, Flag-USP7, Flag-USP15 or Flag-USP16 and their catalytically inactive versions ( xref )."
USP15 affects FKBP*
| 6
USP15 binds FKBP*. 6 / 6
| 6

sparser
"Similarly, mutant FKBP*-USP15(C298A) levels were about 19% of that in vehicle-treated cells, compared to 65 % for the wild-type construct."

sparser
"For FKBP*-USP15 and FKBP*-UCHL1, protein levels of dTAG-13-treated cells were about 65 % and 47 % that of vehicle-treated cells respectively ( xref and xref )."

sparser
"For FKBP*-USP15(C298A), protein levels were about 27 % of that in vehicle-treated cells compared to about 85 % for wild-type FKBP*-USP15."

sparser
"Both FKBP*-USP4 and FKBP*-USP15 levels were greater than 80 % that of vehicle-treated cells after two hours, in stark contrast to the rapid degradation of FKBP*-USP11."

sparser
"After 24 hours, FKBP*-USP4, FKBP*-USP15 and FKBP*-UCHL1 levels had dropped to around 9 %, 23 % and 28 %, respectively, of that observed in vehicle-treated cells ( xref – xref )."

sparser
"To investigate whether the less robust degradation of USP4, USP15 and UCHL1 was due to auto-deubiquitylation, we made mutant constructs in which the catalytic cysteine was replaced with a serine or alanine residue (FKBP*-USP4(C311S), FKBP*-USP15(C298A) and FKBP*-UCHL1(C90A))."
| 4 2
| 2 2
| 1 1

sparser
"For example, the binding of USP15 to the SMAD7-specific E3 ubiquitin ligase 2 (SMURF2) complex results in the deubiquitination and stabilization of TGF-β receptor 1 (TβRI) and promotes TGF-β activity."

reach
"USP15 binds to the SMAD7–SMAD-specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2 (SMURF2) complex, and deubiquitylates and stabilizes the type I TGFβ receptor, leading to enhanced TGFβ signalling."

sparser
"In the nucleus, Usp15 indirectly associates with the ubH2B E3 ligase, RNF20/RNF40, and directly associates with a component of the splicing machinery, SART3 (also known as TIP110 or p110)."

reach
"For example, glioblastomas can overexpress USP15, which binds to the SMAD7-SMAD specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2 (SMURF2) complex to deubiquitinate and stabilize the type I TGF-β receptor (TβR-I), enhancing TGF-β signaling ."
USP15 deubiquitinates E3_Ub_ligase.
| 2
USP15 deubiquitinates E3_Ub_ligase. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"Additionally, USP15 can deubiquitinate the E3 ligase SMURF2."

reach
"USP15 deficiency enhances NFATc2 activation in naive CD4 T cells, because USP15 deubiquitinates and stabilizes the E3 ubiquitin ligase MDM2, which negatively regulates NFATc2 activation and cytokine i[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
TRAF4 affects USP15
2 | 3 1
2 | 3 1

sparser
"TRAF4 also interacts with deubiquitinating enzyme USP15, which deubiquitinates TβRI upon SMURF2-mediated ubiquitination of TβRI, stabilizing this signaling pathway."

reach
"Moreover, USP15, a recently reported deubiquitinating enzyme for TbetaRI (Eichhorn et al., 2012), also associates with TRAF4."

No evidence text available

reach
"TRAF4 binds to SMURF2 and USP15."

reach
"TRAF4 also interacts with deubiquitinating enzyme USP15, which deubiquitinates TbetaRI upon SMURF2 mediated ubiquitination of TbetaRI, stabilizing this signaling pathway."

No evidence text available
TET2 affects USP15
| 6
| 6

sparser
"To confirm the interaction of TET2 with USP15, we examined the binding of their association in cells when both proteins were ectopically expressed by IP–Western blot analysis."
| PMC

sparser
"Using antibodies that recognize TET2 or USP15, we detected endogenous interaction between USP15 and TET2 by reciprocal IP-Western assay in both human U2OS cells and mouse B16–ovalbumin (OVA) cells ( xref )."
| PMC

sparser
"Collectively, these data demonstrate that USP15 and TET2 physically interact with each other, and the CD domain of TET2 is responsible for their association."
| PMC

sparser
"To determine the functional significance of USP15-TET2 interaction, we first performed a dot blot experiment to determine 5hmC levels in cells ectopically expressing USP15."
| PMC

sparser
"First, USP15 directly interacts with TET2 ( xref ) and catalyzes the TET2 deubiquitylation."
| PMC

sparser
"USP15 binds to TET2."
| PMC
TBK1 affects USP15
2 | 1 3
2 | 1 3

sparser
"To explore whether UBE2S acts together with USP15 to deubiquitinate the K63-linked ubiquitination of TBK1, we tested whether USP15 interacts with TBK1."

reach
"Interestingly, overexpressed SRA promoted the interaction between TBK1 and USP15 (Fig. 7C)."

sparser
"As shown in Figure 7 A, USP15 did not directly interact with TBK1, and it only interacted with TBK1 in the presence of UBE2S. Consistent with these results, endogenous USP15 could only be immunoprecip[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

sparser
"In addition, USP15 interacts with TBK1 and inhibits its activity only in the presence of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBE2C."
SMAD3 affects USP15
6 |
6 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
SART3 affects USP4
| 1 5
USP15 binds SART3 and USP4. 6 / 6
| 1 5

sparser
"Consistent with our prediction, SART3 interacted with endogenous USP4 and USP15 (Figure xref )."

sparser
"We next examined whether SART3 forms a complex with USP15 and USP4 simultaneously using sequential immunoprecipitation."

reach
"Deubiquitination of PRP31 and PRP3 by the USP15, SART3, and USP4 complex decreases the affinity towards PRP8 and this regulation is important for the proper splicing of chromosome segregation related genes such as Bub1 and alpha-tubulin."

sparser
"Drugs interfering with the interaction between USP4 and USP15 and SART3 may selectively inhibit the DUB functions in the nucleus."
| PMC

sparser
"Moreover, as a substrate recruiting factor of USP15 either ( xref ; xref ), SART3 can simultaneously bind USP4 and USP15, serving as a platform to deubiquitinate PRP31 and PRP3 ( xref )."

sparser
"PRP31, a component of the U4 snRNP, is modified with K63-linked ubiquitin chains by the PRP19 complex and is deubiquitinated by the ternary complex of USP15, SART3, and USP4."
RORC affects USP15
1 | 5
1 | 5

sparser
"Interestingly, a catalytically inactive USP15 with a cysteine 298 to alanine mutation (C298A) ( xref ), had reduced interaction with RORγt ( xref ), suggesting important function of enzyme activity in RORγt-USP15 interaction."

No evidence text available

sparser
"USP15 interacts with RORγt and removes ubiquitin from K446, and stimulates RORγt activity by enhancing coactivator SRC1 recruitment."

sparser
"USP15 interacts with RORγt, removes ubiquitin from K446, and enhances RORγt activity by promoting coactivator SRC1 recruitment."

sparser
"USP15 interacts with RORγt and deubiquitinates K446."

sparser
"We also confirmed the RORγt-USP15 interaction in differentiated Th17 cells ( xref )."
Flag affects USP15
| 6
| 6

sparser
"Flag-USP15 significantly reduced p66Shc ubiquitin conjugation (Fig. xref )."

sparser
"HA-Ub, Myc-p66Shc, and Flag-USP15 plasmids were co-transfected to HEK-293 cells."

sparser
"This indicated that either the upregulation of USP15 and p66Shc, or their increased interaction or both contribute to liver I/R. Furthermore, Myc-p66Shc and Flag-USP15 plasmids were co-transfected to HEK293 cells in order to verify the physical association between USP15 and p66Shc."

sparser
"HeLa cells overexpressed with Flag-USP15 were harvested by trypsinization after 36 h of transfection."

sparser
"In addition, Flag-USP15 was co-precipitated efficiently by pS/pT antibody affinity purification ( Fig. 1 c), which further confirms the phosphorylation of USP15 in cells."

sparser
"Labelling experiments were performed with HeLa cells lysate overexpressing Flag-USP5, Flag-USP7, Flag-USP15 or Flag-USP16 and their catalytically inactive versions ( xref )."
FKBP* affects USP15
| 6
USP15 binds FKBP*. 6 / 6
| 6

sparser
"Similarly, mutant FKBP*-USP15(C298A) levels were about 19% of that in vehicle-treated cells, compared to 65 % for the wild-type construct."

sparser
"For FKBP*-USP15 and FKBP*-UCHL1, protein levels of dTAG-13-treated cells were about 65 % and 47 % that of vehicle-treated cells respectively ( xref and xref )."

sparser
"For FKBP*-USP15(C298A), protein levels were about 27 % of that in vehicle-treated cells compared to about 85 % for wild-type FKBP*-USP15."

sparser
"Both FKBP*-USP4 and FKBP*-USP15 levels were greater than 80 % that of vehicle-treated cells after two hours, in stark contrast to the rapid degradation of FKBP*-USP11."

sparser
"After 24 hours, FKBP*-USP4, FKBP*-USP15 and FKBP*-UCHL1 levels had dropped to around 9 %, 23 % and 28 %, respectively, of that observed in vehicle-treated cells ( xref – xref )."

sparser
"To investigate whether the less robust degradation of USP4, USP15 and UCHL1 was due to auto-deubiquitylation, we made mutant constructs in which the catalytic cysteine was replaced with a serine or alanine residue (FKBP*-USP4(C311S), FKBP*-USP15(C298A) and FKBP*-UCHL1(C90A))."
YY1 affects USP15
| 5
YY1 binds USP15.
| 3
| 3

reach
"USP15 interaction with YY1 would be imperative for YY1 to serve as a substrate of USP15 to be deubiquitinated."

reach
"These results also suggest that USP15 may target other cellular proteins in addition to YY1.3.7 USP15 interaction with YY1."

reach
"Thus, we next determined if there would be any interaction between endogenous USP15 and YY1."
YY1 activates USP15.
| 2
YY1 activates USP15. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"Lastly, we demonstrated that YY1 siRNA knockdown significantly diminished the inhibition of USP15 on HIV-1 gene expression and virus production."

reach
"To ascertain the involvement of YY1 in USP15-mediated HIV-1 inhibition, we used the siRNA knockdown strategy and determined if the reduction in YY1 expression would rescue the inhibitory effect of USP15 on HIV-1 gene expression and replication."
USP15 affects proteolysis
| 5
| 5

reach
"We found that Nef binds to ubiquitin protein ligase E3A (UBE3A and E6AP) which induces protein degradation by attaching Ub to substrates, i.e. Nef associated with two functionally antagonistic proteins in the UPS mediated protein degradation processes, suggesting that UBE3A could be a major cellular component in regulating USP15 mediated viral protein degradation by interacting with Nef and USP15 simultaneously or independently."

reach
"To investigate Nef role in protein degradation, we seek to identify cellular proteins involved in the UPS mediated protein degradation through association with Nef and found ubiquitin specific protease 15 (USP15) which stabilizes proteins by deubiquitylation and by preventing autoubiquitylation of substrates."

reach
"Further investigation demonstrated the significance of Nef- and USP15 mediated viral and cellular protein degradation with respect to the regulation of the virus life cycle and HIV-1 and host cell competition that is essential for AIDS progression."

reach
"Overexpression of USP15 increased VGLL4 protein level by inhibiting protein degradation, whereas the depletion of USP15 resulted in VGLL4 degradation and thus enhanced tumorigenesis and progression of[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"Mechanistic investigations further indicated that the reduced expression of ACSL4 in GIST is attributed to excessive protein degradation mediated by the E3 ligase TRIM21 and the deubiquitinase USP15."
USP15 affects mitophagy
| 5
| 5

eidos
"Overexpression of USP15 inhibits mitophagy dependently of its catalytic activity , while depletion of USP15 enhances mitophagy ."

eidos
"Interestingly , USP15 strongly inhibited Parkin-mediated mitophagy , while the other DUBs had no effect ( Fig. 1A and B ) ."

eidos
"USP15 knockdown rescues the mitophagy defect of PARK2 mutant PD patient fibroblasts As demonstrated above in HeLa cells ( Fig. 2A ) , USP15 knockdown does not enhance mitophagy in the complete absence of Parkin ."

eidos
"USP15 , a deubiquitinase specifically counteracts the parkin-mediated ubiquitination of mitochondria and thus prevents mitophagy , while USP15 knockdown stimulates mitochondrial ubiquitination and age-dependent mitophagy defects in Parkin-deficient muscles and dopaminergic neurons [ 91,106 ] ."

eidos
"Thus , USP15 knockdown enhanced mitophagy but only in the presence of Parkin ."

reach
"Hepatocyte deletion of USP15 suppresses liver steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in mouse models of NASH."

reach
"Here we described that USP15 promotes proliferation and inflammation in keratinocytes by stabilizing squamous cell carcinoma antigen 2 (SCCA2)."

reach
"In addition, USP15 is necessary for the metastasis and inflammatory response in MDA-MB-231 BC cells induced by TGFβ-signaling [149]."

reach
"Researchers discovered that The expression of the deubiquitinating enzyme USP15 is upregulated in the livers of HFD-fed mice and in liver biopsy tissues from patients with NAFLD or NASH, whereas hepatocyte deletion of USP15 suppresses hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in a mouse model of NASH (133)."

eidos
"Here we described that USP15 promotes proliferation and inflammation in keratinocytes by stabilizing squamous cell carcinoma antigen 2 ( SCCA2 ) ."
USP15 affects UBE2S
2 | 3
2 | 3

sparser
"Meanwhile, we observed that the interaction between the two proteins become stronger in the cells infected with VSV ( Figure 6 B) and HSV-1 ( Figure 6 C) than in the uninfected cells, indicating that [MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

sparser
"Here, we found that UBE2S interacted with USP15 D1-D2 domains, which are necessary for the catalytic activity of USP15 ( Figure S7 A)."

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

sparser
"Subsequently, we found that ectopically expressed UBE2S interacted with FLAG-tagged USP15 in HEK293T cells ( Figure 6 A), while that endogenous UBE2S also interacted with USP15 in mouse peritoneal mac[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
USP15 affects TFAP4
1 | 4
USP15 binds TFAP4.
1 | 2
1 | 2

reach
"The physical interaction between TFAP4 and USP-15 was confirmed by Co-IP ( Fig. 6 c)."

No evidence text available

reach
"The interaction between USP-15 and TFAP4 was further confirmed by iFrag platform ( https://sbi.imim.es/iFrag )."
USP15 deubiquitinates TFAP4.
| 2
USP15 leads to the deubiquitination of TFAP4. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"USP-15 knockdown enhanced the ubiquitination of TFAP4, and overexpression of USP-15 led to the opposite results ( Fig. 6 )."

reach
"The results showed that loss of USP-15 enhanced the ubiquitination of TFAP4, while the opposite results were obtained from the USP-15-overexpressed HT29 cells in the presence of MG132 ( Fig. 6 e)."
USP15 affects TBR1
1 | 3 1
USP15 binds TBR1.
1 | 1 1
1 | 1 1

reach
"Conclusively, our results illustrate that USP15 binds to SMAD7 and deubiquitinates TBR1, stabilizing the TBR1 structure."

sparser
"A Co-IP assay demonstrated that USP15 interacted with TBR1 and that endogenous USP15 coimmunoprecipitated with endogenous TBR1 under physiological conditions."

No evidence text available
USP15 deubiquitinates TBR1.
| 2
USP15 deubiquitinates TBR1. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"Conclusively, our results illustrate that USP15 binds to SMAD7 and deubiquitinates TBR1, stabilizing the TBR1 structure."

reach
"27 Previous studies have confirmed that USP15 can also deubiquitinate and stabilize TBR1 in an SMAD7-dependent manner."
USP15 affects SMAD1
2 | 1 2
USP15 phosphorylates SMAD1.
| 1 2
USP15 leads to the phosphorylation of SMAD1. 3 / 3
| 1 2

reach
"Herhaus and coworkers showed that USP15 can interact with and deubiquitinate BMP type I receptors, thereby promoting phosphorylation of Smad1 (Herhaus et al., 2014)."

sparser
"We show that USP15 enhances BMP-induced phosphorylation of SMAD1 by interacting with and deubiquitylating ALK3."

sparser
"Further characterisation of the role of USP15 in the BMP pathway established that USP15 enhances BMP-induced phosphorylation of SMAD1 and transcription."
USP15 binds SMAD1.
2 |
2 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
USP15 affects RNF40
4 | 1
4 | 1

No evidence text available

reach
"In the nucleus, Usp15 indirectly associates with the ubH2B E3 ligase, RNF20 and RNF40, and directly associates with a component of the splicing machinery, SART3 (also known as TIP110 or p110)."

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
USP15 affects PAH
| 5
USP15 activates PAH. 5 / 5
| 5

reach
"Taken together, our findings indicate that USP15 might promote PH progression in a YAP1/TAZ-dependent manner (Supplementary Fig. 3)."

reach
"We then investigated the preventative/reversal effect of USP15 knockdown in rats with MCT-induced PH."

reach
"Significantly less vascular muscularization was found after USP15 knockdown in both the preventative/reversal models of MCT-induced PH."

reach
"Collectively, these results demonstrated that downregulation of FUNDC1 induced by TNF-α led to the increased expression of USP15, which further stabilized and upregulated the protein level of Drp1.Cha[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"Therefore, our study aims to investigate whether USP15 promotes pulmonary vascular remodeling in PH via YAP1/TAZ signaling."
USP15 affects NASP
1 | 4
1 | 4

sparser
"NASP interacted with USP15 and facilitated its activity, which resulted in the deubiquitylation and stabilization of YAP by erasing K48-linked polyubiquitination."

sparser
"Serine and arginine rich splicing factor 1 (SRSF1)-mediated NASP formed a complex with USP15 and facilitated USP15 to deubiquitinate and stabilize yes-associated protein (YAP), thereby promoting TNBC metastasis."

sparser
"To validate that NASP regulate the deubiquitylation of YAP in the USP15-dependent way, whether there was NASP-USP15 interaction in TNBC was first detected."

sparser
"Co-IP assay indicated that NASP could form complex with USP15 (Figure xref A)."

No evidence text available
USP15 affects GST
| 1 4
| 1 4

sparser
"To test whether the binding between UL12 and USP15 is direct, we purified UL12 from 293T cells to near homogeneity and combined it with bacterially expressed GST-USP15."

sparser
"UL12 only bound GST-USP15 and not GST alone, suggesting that the interaction is specific and does not require any additional proteins ( xref )."

reach
"In this study, we determined that USP15 and ATM could bind mass spectrometry analysis and Co-IP and GST pull-down assays, respectively."

sparser
"Simultaneously, the GST-USP15 fusion protein was also precipitated by the action of the FOXC1 antibody (Fig.  xref C)."

sparser
"The smaller bands seen in the GST-USP15 purification likely represent degradation products and are frequently observed in one-step purifications ( xref )."
USP15 affects GPX2
2 | 1 2
2 | 1 2

reach
"But when ACVRL1 was knocked down, the interaction between USP15 and GPX2 was significantly weakened (Fig. 4G), indicating that the interaction between GPX2 and USP15 is indirect which depends on the expression of ACVRL1."

sparser
"Additionally, the upstream molecule ACVRL1 was found to regulate the interaction between USP15 and GPX2 [ xref ]."

sparser
"But when ACVRL1 was knocked down, the interaction between USP15 and GPX2 was significantly weakened (Fig. xref G), indicating that the interaction between GPX2 and USP15 is indirect which depends on the expression of ACVRL1."

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
USP15 affects ESR1
| 5
| 5

sparser
"USP15 interacts with ERα."

sparser
"Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) with antibodies against ERα followed by immunoblot (IB) with antibodies against USP15 showed that endogenous USP15 notably interacted with ERα, and vice versa (Fig. xref )."

sparser
"The results of Co-IP assay confirmed the efficient interaction between USP15 and ERα protein (Fig. xref ), which is consistent with the previous results."

sparser
"Moreover, the results of Co-IP assay show that USP15 interacts with ERα."

sparser
"These findings not only provide a novel treatment for overcoming resistance to endocrine therapy, but also represent a therapeutic strategy on ERα degradation by targeting USP15-ERα axis."
USP15 affects DNM1L
1 | 4
USP15 binds DNM1L.
1 | 2
1 | 2

No evidence text available

reach
"We conducted co-IP assays to verify the association between USP15 and Drp1 with and without FUNDC1 overexpression."

reach
"We found that in PAECs, in the absence of FUNDC1, USP15 directly binds to Drp1 and inhibits its degradation via ubiquitination."
USP15 increases the amount of DNM1L.
| 2
USP15 increases the amount of DNM1L. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"USP15 knockdown using siRNA further increased the ubiquitination level of Drp1 ( Fig. 6 G), indicating that USP15 modifies Drp1 via deubiquitination in PAECs and stabilizes Drp-1 protein levels."

reach
"Finally, USP15 knockdown significantly reduced the levels of Drp1 and PCNA compared to those in the TNF-α group ( Fig. 6 H)."
USP15 affects DNA Damage
| 5
| 5

reach
"Whether USP15 also modulates MDMX stability, how the activity of USP15 is regulated, and whether DNA damage impacts USP15 activity toward MDM2 remain to be elucidated."

reach
"To further clarify the mechanism by which USP15 regulates radiation-induced intestinal DNA damage and injury, mass spectrometry was used to identify proteins to which USP15 potentially binds."

reach
"In summary, these data suggest that USP15 regulates radiation-induced DNA damage and intestinal injury in an ATM-dependent manner."

reach
"Moreover, we demonstrated that ATM is essential for USP15 -mediated regulation of radiation-induced DNA damage and intestinal injury."

reach
"USP15 regulates radiation-induced DNA damage and intestinal injury through K48-linked deubiquitination and stabilisation of ATM."
USP15 affects CD4
| 5
USP15 activates CD4.
| 3
USP15 activates CD4. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"However, the USP15 deficiency promoted the TCR+CD 28 stimulated production of cytokines, such as interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), in naive CD4 + T cells, as assessed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) (XREF_FIG), intracellular cytokine staining (XREF_FIG) and ELISA (XREF_FIG)."

reach
"USP15 deficiency promotes the activation of naive CD4 + T cells and their subsequent differentiation into the IFN-gamma-producing Th1 cells."

reach
"found that USP15 was abundantly expressed in immune cells, and the USP15 deficiency promoted the TCR + CD28 - stimulated production of cytokines, such as interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma in naive CD4 + T cells."
USP15 inhibits CD4.
| 2
USP15 inhibits CD4. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"Collectively, these results suggest that USP15 negatively regulates naive CD4 + T cell activation and T H 1 differentiation."

reach
"The above researchers previously found that USP15 could negatively regulate naive CD4 T cell activation and differentiation into the IFN-γ-producing Th1 cells."
USP15 affects C6orf89
| 5
USP15 binds C6orf89.
| 3
| 3

reach
"Indeed, we were able to detect a constitutive interaction between endogenous USP15 and BRAP in (both stimulated and unstimulated) HEK293T cells (XREF_FIG B)."

reach
"In this study we show that CRAF expression levels are controlled by the BRAP binding partner USP15, which therefore acts as a positive regulator of MAPK signaling."

reach
"This reinforces the notion that although both USP4 and USP15 can interact with BRAP under certain experimental conditions, the USP15 : BRAP rather than USP4 : BRAP interaction may be of most relevance within a physiological setting."
USP15 activates C6orf89.
| 2
USP15 activates C6orf89. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"Endogenous BRAP appears to be constitutively poly- or multiply monoubiquitylated in our system; however, depletion of USP15 promotes the appearance of additional high molecular weight ubiquitylated species of BRAP."

reach
"Our results lead to the prediction that USP15 knockdown may recapitulate the effect of BRAP knockdown by destabilizing and thereby reducing the pool of BRAP that is able to sequester key components of the MAPK module, such as KSR1."
USP15 affects ACVRL1
2 | 1 2
2 | 1 2

reach
"On further exploration, we found that knockdown of USP15 did not affect the interaction between ACVRL1 and GPX2 (Additional file 1: Figure S3C); similarly, knockdown of GPX2 also did not affect the interaction between ACVRL1 and USP15 (Additional file 1: Figure S3D), which indicated that ACVRL1 can directly interact with both GPX2 and USP15 independently."

sparser
"On further exploration, we found that knockdown of USP15 did not affect the interaction between ACVRL1 and GPX2 (Additional file xref : Figure S3C); similarly, knockdown of GPX2 also did not affect the interaction between ACVRL1 and USP15 (Additional file xref : Figure S3D), which indicated that ACVRL1 can directly interact with both GPX2 and USP15 independently."

sparser
"Our previous research demonstrated that USP15 interacts with ACVRL1 to deubiquitinate GPX2 at the K187 site, leading to GPX2 accumulation and enhanced resistance of colorectal cancer cells to multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as regorafenib and sorafenib ( xref )."

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
UBE2S affects USP15
2 | 3
2 | 3

sparser
"Meanwhile, we observed that the interaction between the two proteins become stronger in the cells infected with VSV ( Figure 6 B) and HSV-1 ( Figure 6 C) than in the uninfected cells, indicating that [MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

sparser
"Here, we found that UBE2S interacted with USP15 D1-D2 domains, which are necessary for the catalytic activity of USP15 ( Figure S7 A)."

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

sparser
"Subsequently, we found that ectopically expressed UBE2S interacted with FLAG-tagged USP15 in HEK293T cells ( Figure 6 A), while that endogenous UBE2S also interacted with USP15 in mouse peritoneal mac[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
SMAD affects USP15
| 1 4
| 1 4

reach
"Recent studies in mammals have further confirmed that Usp15 (1 of the 4 DUBs that we have reported) binds with Smad and is involved in the Tgf and Bmp signaling pathways [36,37] ."

sparser
"Despite reports that USP15 interacts with SMADs 2 and 3 [ xref , xref ], we failed to detect USP15 interacting with any of the SMAD proteins (see the electronic supplementary material, figure S2)."

sparser
"To detect interactions between USP15 and FLAG-tagged SMADs, endogenous USP15 was immunoprecipitated from HEK293 cell extracts transfected with either empty vector control or FLAG-tagged SMADs 1, 3, 4, 6 and 7 ( xref b )."

sparser
"A previous study has shown that USP15 interacts with receptor-phosphorylated SMAD proteins (R-SMADs) and deubiquitinates transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) receptor 1 (TBR1), thereby promoting protein stability ( xref )."

sparser
"Recent studies in mammals have further confirmed that Usp15 (1 of the 4 DUBs that we have reported) binds with Smad and is involved in the Tgf and Bmp signaling pathways [36,37] ."
RNF40 affects USP15
4 | 1
4 | 1

No evidence text available

reach
"In the nucleus, Usp15 indirectly associates with the ubH2B E3 ligase, RNF20 and RNF40, and directly associates with a component of the splicing machinery, SART3 (also known as TIP110 or p110)."

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
RELA affects USP15
| 5
RELA activates USP15.
| 3
RELA activates USP15. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"Conversely, NF-kappaBp65 also enhanced the promoter activity of USP15 and its protein expression."

reach
"USP15 enhances NF-κB p65 activation in a TNFα-induced, IκB-α-dependent or independent manner, while NF-κB p65, in turn, upregulates USP15 promoter activity and protein expression [48]."

reach
"Whereas PDTC treatment significantly decreased the luciferase Firefly and Renilla ratio, LPS treatment significantly increased that ratio when compared to untreated cells, suggesting that NF-kappaBp65 enhances the promoter activity of USP15."
RELA increases the amount of USP15.
| 2
RELA increases the amount of USP15. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"NF-kappaBp65 positively regulated USP15 expression, whereas USP15 overexpression promoted NF-kappaBp65 expression through deubiquitination of NF-kappaBp65 in MM cells."

reach
"USP15 overexpression promoted NF-kappaBp65 expression through inhibition of its ubiquitination, whereas NF-kappaBp65 promoted USP15 expression as a positive regulator."
NASP affects USP15
1 | 4
1 | 4

sparser
"NASP interacted with USP15 and facilitated its activity, which resulted in the deubiquitylation and stabilization of YAP by erasing K48-linked polyubiquitination."

sparser
"Serine and arginine rich splicing factor 1 (SRSF1)-mediated NASP formed a complex with USP15 and facilitated USP15 to deubiquitinate and stabilize yes-associated protein (YAP), thereby promoting TNBC metastasis."

sparser
"To validate that NASP regulate the deubiquitylation of YAP in the USP15-dependent way, whether there was NASP-USP15 interaction in TNBC was first detected."

sparser
"Co-IP assay indicated that NASP could form complex with USP15 (Figure xref A)."

No evidence text available
KEAP1 affects USP15
1 | 2 2
KEAP1 binds USP15.
1 | 2
1 | 2

sparser
"COP1, along with numerous other ubiquitin ligases, is regulated by the COP9 signalosome; this protein complex is associated with the oxidative stress sensor Keap1 and the deubiquitinase USP15."

sparser
"These findings suggest that AML cells rely on broken redox sensing, instigated by USP15-KEAP1 repression of NRF2-mediated antioxidant programming."

No evidence text available
KEAP1 inhibits USP15.
| 2
KEAP1 inhibits USP15. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"Given that Nrf2 exerts gene regulation in the oxidative stress response, it is quite reasonable that oxidative stress could repress the Keap1 mediated proteasomal degradation of Nrf2 by suppressing US[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"Moreover, depletion of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) diminished the regulatory effect of USP15 inhibition on Nrf2 activation."
IRS2 affects USP15
2 | 1 1
2 | 1 1

No evidence text available

sparser
"USP15 does not bind to IRS-2 itself, but binds to IRS-2 conjugated with an ubiquitin molecule ( Fig. 1 )."

No evidence text available

reach
"Importantly, quantitative MS analysis indicated that USP15 preferentially binds more to IRS-2-Ub than IRS-2-Ub I44A , whereas USP7 does not show such a preference ( Fig. 1 b)."
GST affects USP15
| 1 4
| 1 4

sparser
"To test whether the binding between UL12 and USP15 is direct, we purified UL12 from 293T cells to near homogeneity and combined it with bacterially expressed GST-USP15."

sparser
"UL12 only bound GST-USP15 and not GST alone, suggesting that the interaction is specific and does not require any additional proteins ( xref )."

reach
"In this study, we determined that USP15 and ATM could bind mass spectrometry analysis and Co-IP and GST pull-down assays, respectively."

sparser
"Simultaneously, the GST-USP15 fusion protein was also precipitated by the action of the FOXC1 antibody (Fig.  xref C)."

sparser
"The smaller bands seen in the GST-USP15 purification likely represent degradation products and are frequently observed in one-step purifications ( xref )."
GPX2 affects USP15
2 | 1 2
2 | 1 2

reach
"But when ACVRL1 was knocked down, the interaction between USP15 and GPX2 was significantly weakened (Fig. 4G), indicating that the interaction between GPX2 and USP15 is indirect which depends on the expression of ACVRL1."

sparser
"Additionally, the upstream molecule ACVRL1 was found to regulate the interaction between USP15 and GPX2 [ xref ]."

sparser
"But when ACVRL1 was knocked down, the interaction between USP15 and GPX2 was significantly weakened (Fig. xref G), indicating that the interaction between GPX2 and USP15 is indirect which depends on the expression of ACVRL1."

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
ESR1 affects USP15
| 5
| 5

sparser
"USP15 interacts with ERα."

sparser
"Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) with antibodies against ERα followed by immunoblot (IB) with antibodies against USP15 showed that endogenous USP15 notably interacted with ERα, and vice versa (Fig. xref )."

sparser
"The results of Co-IP assay confirmed the efficient interaction between USP15 and ERα protein (Fig. xref ), which is consistent with the previous results."

sparser
"Moreover, the results of Co-IP assay show that USP15 interacts with ERα."

sparser
"These findings not only provide a novel treatment for overcoming resistance to endocrine therapy, but also represent a therapeutic strategy on ERα degradation by targeting USP15-ERα axis."
CTNNB1 affects USP15
3 | 1 1
3 | 1 1

No evidence text available

sparser
"Likewise, USP15 interacts with β-catenin and regulates osteoblasts via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway [ xref ]."

reach
"Both USP15 and USP47 form a complex with beta-catenin leading to its deubiquitination and stabilization [248,249]."

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
CBX5 affects USP15
| 2 3
| 2 3

sparser
"To determine whether USP15 regulates CBX5 ubiquitination and, thus, affects its expression, we first used an anti-CBX5 antibody to precipitate CBX5 in control and hypoxic PASMCs and found USP15 in those immune precipitates ( xref ), indicating that USP15 can bind to CBX5 in PASMCs."

sparser
"The influence of the RUNX1/USP15 axis on the PASMC function may result from USP15’s interaction with CBX5."

sparser
"USP15 bound to CBX5 and reduced CBX5 ubiquitination, thereby promoting CBX5 expression."

reach
"USP15 bound to CBX5 and reduced CBX5 ubiquitination, thereby promoting CBX5 expression."

reach
"To determine whether USP15 regulates CBX5 ubiquitination and, thus, affects its expression, we first used an anti-CBX5 antibody to precipitate CBX5 in control and hypoxic PASMCs and found USP15 in those immune precipitates (Figure 5B), indicating that USP15 can bind to CBX5 in PASMCs."
ACVRL1 affects USP15
2 | 1 2
2 | 1 2

reach
"On further exploration, we found that knockdown of USP15 did not affect the interaction between ACVRL1 and GPX2 (Additional file 1: Figure S3C); similarly, knockdown of GPX2 also did not affect the interaction between ACVRL1 and USP15 (Additional file 1: Figure S3D), which indicated that ACVRL1 can directly interact with both GPX2 and USP15 independently."

sparser
"On further exploration, we found that knockdown of USP15 did not affect the interaction between ACVRL1 and GPX2 (Additional file xref : Figure S3C); similarly, knockdown of GPX2 also did not affect the interaction between ACVRL1 and USP15 (Additional file xref : Figure S3D), which indicated that ACVRL1 can directly interact with both GPX2 and USP15 independently."

sparser
"Our previous research demonstrated that USP15 interacts with ACVRL1 to deubiquitinate GPX2 at the K187 site, leading to GPX2 accumulation and enhanced resistance of colorectal cancer cells to multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as regorafenib and sorafenib ( xref )."

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
Bisphenol A affects USP15
4 |
Bisphenol A increases the amount of USP15.
2 |
Bisphenol A increases the amount of USP15. 2 / 2
2 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
Bisphenol A decreases the amount of USP15.
2 |
Bisphenol A decreases the amount of USP15. 2 / 2
2 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
VGLL4 affects USP15
| 2 2
| 2 2

sparser
"Results revealed that USP15 did bind to VGLL4 ( Fig. 2 a)."

sparser
"To identify the domains responsible for the interaction between USP15 and VGLL4, a series of truncation mutants were constructed."

reach
"To identify the domains responsible for the interaction between USP15 and VGLL4, a series of truncation mutants were constructed."

reach
"Results revealed that USP15 did bind to VGLL4 ( Fig. 2 a)."
VCP affects USP15
2 | 2
2 | 2

No evidence text available

reach
"To confirm the observation that the CHMP5 complex in osteoclasts contains the deubiquitinating enzyme USP15 and VCP and p97 (XREF_FIG), the physical interactions between CHMP5, USP15, and VCP and p97 were studied using cell-free immunoprecipitation analysis (XREF_FIG)."

No evidence text available

reach
"Likewise, in osteoclasts the interaction of USP15 with VCP and p97 was markedly decreased in the absence of CHMP5 (XREF_FIG), suggesting that CHMP5 mediates the interaction between USP15 and VCP and p97."
| 4

reach
"Crystal structure analysis by Ward et al. highlighted minute differences between the paralogs and noted that mitoxantrone binds and partially inhibits USP15, similar to USP11."

reach
"The crystal structure of the USP15-mitoxantrone complex revealed predominantly hydrophobic interactions between mitoxantrone and USP15 residues Tyr855, Gly856, Gly860, and His862, which are located near the catalytic Cys269 [245].2-DGIn cancer, 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) interferes with D-glucose metabolism to decrease its proliferation [246]."

reach
"Moreover, we report that USP15 is weakly inhibited by the antineoplastic agent mitoxantrone in vitro A USP15 and mitoxantrone complex structure disclosed that the anthracenedione interacts with the S1 ' binding site."

reach
"Mitoxantrone was bound to USP15 as seen before in PDB: 6GH9 ( Ward et al., 2018 ) at the S1′ region near the catalytic histidine in one of the two USP15 monomers in the asymmetric unit ( Fig. 1 B)."
| 4

reach
"Overexpression of USP15 promoted GC cell migration and invasion, while USP15-C269S did not (Figure 3D and E)."

reach
"USP15 enhances the tumorigenic effects of TGF-β in glioblastoma (80), while USP4 promotes TGF-β-induced EMT and cell migration in breast cancer."

reach
"As revealed in Fig. 8 a, loss of TFAP4 repressed the USP-15 overexpression-induced promotion of cell migration and invasion."

reach
"As shown in Figure 2D and Figure 2E, USP15 silencing suppressed GC cell migration and invasion."
USP15 affects cell growth
| 3 1
| 3 1

reach
"Ubiquitin Specific Peptidase 15 (USP15) suppresses glioblastoma cell growth via stabilization of HECTD1 E3 ligase attenuating WNT pathway activity."

sparser
"Silencing USP15 inhibited MM cell growth both in vitro and in vivo."

reach
"USP15 has been shown to suppress glioblastoma cell growth through stabilizing the E3 ubiquitin protein ligase HECTD1 [17]."

reach
"Zheng et al. suggested that the ectopic expression of USP15 could suppress GC cell growth, migration, and invasion through the deubiquitination of IκBα by the COP9 signalosome (CSN) complex, thereby hindering NF-κB activity [40,142]."
USP15 affects autophagy
| 4
USP15 inhibits autophagy.
| 2
| 2

reach
"Taken together, our data demonstrate that USP15 can negatively regulate the TRAF6-BECN1 signaling axis for autophagy induction."

reach
"miR-26a also modifies the activity of the downstream target Usp15, which can inhibit mitochondrial autophagy by activating the PINK1 and PRKN pathway."
USP15 activates autophagy.
| 2
| 2

reach
"USP15 enhances autophagy via the TRAF6-BECN1 axis, promoting lung cancer migration and invasion (9)."

reach
"Previous studies have shown that USP15 may induce autophagy to negatively regulate lung cancer progression."
USP15 affects Wnt
| 2 1
USP15 activates Wnt. 3 / 4
| 2 1

eidos
"Finally , rescue experiments showed that the effect of USP15 on gastric cancer progression was dependent on Wnt / beta-catenin pathway ."

eidos
"USP15 stabilizes beta-catenin and enhances Wnt signaling ."

reach
"USP15 stabilizes β-catenin and enhances Wnt signaling."
USP15 affects VCP
2 | 2
2 | 2

No evidence text available

reach
"To confirm the observation that the CHMP5 complex in osteoclasts contains the deubiquitinating enzyme USP15 and VCP and p97 (XREF_FIG), the physical interactions between CHMP5, USP15, and VCP and p97 were studied using cell-free immunoprecipitation analysis (XREF_FIG)."

No evidence text available

reach
"Likewise, in osteoclasts the interaction of USP15 with VCP and p97 was markedly decreased in the absence of CHMP5 (XREF_FIG), suggesting that CHMP5 mediates the interaction between USP15 and VCP and p97."
USP15 affects USP14
4 |
4 |

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USP15 affects UL12
| 4
UL12 binds USP15. 4 / 4
| 4

sparser
"We demonstrate that USP15 directly interacts with UL12 and that in the absence of USP15, less UL12 is observed."

sparser
"We propose that UL12 binds USP15 and recruits it to the nucleus, where it becomes phosphorylated and then subsequently facilitates viral DNA replication and recombination."

sparser
"This study, however, does not exclude the possibility that the UL12-USP15 interaction modulates other aspects of the DNA damage response to cause the increase in homology-directed repair."

sparser
"We demonstrated that UL12 interacts directly with USP15, and that UL12 is necessary and sufficient for USP15 localization to the nucleus and sites of DNA replication during infection."

reach
"The USP15 deficient T cells, likely via excessive production of IFN-gamma, promoted an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment that suppressed antitumor immunity."

reach
"USP15 deficient T cells contribute to immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment."

reach
"T cell intrinsic USP15 deficiency promotes excessive IFN-gamma production and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in MCA induced fibrosarcoma."

reach
"On the other hand, the aberrant activation of the USP15 deficient T cells appears to promote an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment that facilitates tumor development during the long period of tumor-immune system interplay."
USP15 affects TRAF3
| 1 3
| 1 3

sparser
"This was evidenced by: (i) our co-immunoprecipitation experiments showed that USP15 directly interacted with TRAF3; (ii) stably expressing the antisense RNA of ABHD11-AS1 reduced TRAF3 protein ubiquit[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

sparser
"These results along with the results presented in Fig. 3 G and H indicated that the interaction between the deubiquitinase USP15 and TRAF3 can stabilize TRAF3 protein by reducing TRAF3 protein ubiquit[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"These results along with the results presented in Fig. 3 G and H indicated that the interaction between the deubiquitinase USP15 and TRAF3 can stabilize TRAF3 protein by reducing TRAF3 protein ubiquit[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

sparser
"We next further determined whether there is a direct interaction between USP15 and TRAF3 proteins."
USP15 affects TPPP
| 4
USP15 inhibits TPPP. 4 / 4
| 4

reach
"Remarkably, the band intensity of p24 degraded by USP15 was visibly weaker (XREF_FIG vs A), when the cells were treated with Bafilomycin A1."

reach
"These data establish that USP15 mediated p24 degradation is achieved via both endosomal and proteosomal degradation."

reach
"However, the observed degradation of p24 by USP15 was effectively abrogated, when the transfected cells were treated with MG132 (XREF_FIG), indicating that the proteosomal degradation pathway plays a key role in USP15- mediated degradation of Gag protein."

reach
"In corroboration, the observed degradation of p24 by USP15 (XREF_FIG) was thoroughly abrogated, when the transfected cells were treated with MG132 (XREF_FIG), indicating that the proteosomal degradation pathway acts on the USP15 mediated degradation of Gag protein."
USP15 affects TNF
| 4
USP15 activates TNF. 4 / 4
| 4

reach
"In addition, USP15 increases TNF-α− or IL-Iβ-induced NF-κB activity, which results in enhanced inflammatory responses by stabilizing the TGF-β activated kinase 1 binding proteins TAB2/3 ."

reach
"Overexpression of USP15 potentiated TNFalpha- or IL-1beta-triggered NF-kappaB activation and downstream genes transcription, whereas knockdown of USP15 had opposite effects."

reach
"Mechanistically, we find that USP15 functions in a haploinsufficient manner and that loss of USP15 or SCAF1 leads to reduced inflammatory TNFalpha, TGF-beta and IL6 responses and increased sensitivity to PARP inhibition and Gemcitabine."

reach
"Collectively, USP15 positively regulates TNFalpha- and IL-1beta-triggered NF-kappaB activation by distinct mechanisms, which reflects the potential nonredundant roles of TAB2 and TAB3."
USP15 affects TAB3
2 | 2
USP15 binds TAB3.
2 |
2 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
USP15 activates TAB3.
| 2
USP15 activates TAB3. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"USP15 potentiates NF-kappaB activation by differentially stabilizing TAB2 and TAB3."

reach
"For TAB3, USP15 inhibited NBR1 mediated selective autophagic TAB3 degradation independent of its deubiquitinating activity."
| 4

reach
"NFATc2 also plays a crucial role peripherally, as the loss of the deubiquitinating enzyme USP15 indirectly inhibits NFATc2 degradation, promoting T cell activation [51]."

reach
"USP15 negatively regulates T cell activation by stabilizing E3 ubiquitin ligase MDM2 that promotes ubiquitin dependent degradation of NFATc2."

reach
"Additionally, Qiang Zou et al. reported that USP15 negatively regulated T cell activation by targeting the degradation of NFATC2 [ 15 ]."

reach
"The above researchers previously found that USP15 could negatively regulate naive CD4 T cell activation and differentiation into the IFN-γ-producing Th1 cells."
USP15 affects SMAD4
4 |
4 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
USP15 affects RNF213
3 | 1
3 | 1

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

reach
"Biochemical evaluation of the association between USP15 and mysterin revealed that mysterin is predominantly recognized by the long isoform of USP15."
USP15 affects PSMD7
3 | 1
3 | 1

reach
"For example, USP11 has been found to interact with USP4, USP7 and USP15; and PSMD7 interacts with USP15 and PSMD14 [XREF_BIBR]."

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
USP15 affects PRPF19
| 4
| 4

sparser
"Nuclear localized USP15 interacts with pre-mRNA processing factor 19 (PRPF19) to increase CD44 RNA alternative splicing activating β-catenin and enhancing cancer stemness."

sparser
"Our co-IP data showed that stably overexpressing ABHD11-AS1 in non-transformed human bronchial epithelial cells drastically increased the interaction of USP15 with splicing factor PRPF19 (Pre-mRNA Processing Factor 19) ( xref )."

sparser
"Since manipulating ABHD11-AS1 or SART3 displayed dramatic and consistent effects on the interaction between USP15 and PRPF19 ( xref to xref ), we further determined nuclear level of PRPF19 and the effects of manipulating ABHD11-AS1, SART3 or USP15 expression on nuclear PRPF19 levels."

sparser
"ABHD11-AS1 and SART3 increase the interaction of USP15 with RNA splicing factor PRPF19."

reach
"In this study, IHC analyses showed that the high expression of USP15 was closely related to the depth of invasion, LNI, TNM stage, which indicated that USP15 acted as an oncogene, thereby promoting GC invasion, metastasis, and progression."

reach
"USP15 accelerated tumor growth and lung metastasis in vivo."

reach
"Procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 2 (PLOD2) serves as a lysyl hydroxylase, which has been found to interact with USP15, which promotes CRC invasion and metastasis via activating the AKT/mTOR pathway [120] (Figure 6)."

reach
"In addition to promoting proliferation, migration, and invasion of ccRCC cells, USP15 accelerated tumor in situ growth and lung metastasis in experimental animals."
USP15 affects MDC1
2 | 1 1
2 | 1 1

No evidence text available

reach
"Mechanistically, USP15 colocalized with MDC1 upon DNA damage and depletion of MDC1 impaired USP15 recruitment to DSBs."

sparser
"More importantly, USP15 was associated with MDC1 and this interaction was increased after DNA damage (Fig.  xref )."

No evidence text available
USP15 affects KIF15
3 | 1
3 | 1

No evidence text available

sparser
"IP-LC/MS data and bioinformatic prediction showed that KIF15 might also interact with USP15, another deubiquitinase ( Fig. 2 A)."

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
USP15 affects K48-
| 4
USP15 inhibits K48-.
| 2
USP15 inhibits K48-. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"We show that USP15 antagonizes the Parkin-mediated accumulation of K48- and K63-linked chains on mitochondria."

reach
"Overexpression of USP15 antagonized Parkin-mediated clustering of both K48- and K63-linked ubiquitin chains on depolarized mitochondria (Fig. 6B, C, E, F)."
USP15 activates K48-.
| 2
USP15 activates K48-. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"We show that USP15 antagonizes the Parkin-mediated accumulation of K48- and K63-linked chains on mitochondria."

reach
"Overexpression of USP15 antagonized Parkin-mediated clustering of both K48- and K63-linked ubiquitin chains on depolarized mitochondria (Fig. 6B, C, E, F)."
USP15 affects IRF3
| 4
USP15 inhibits IRF3.
| 2
USP15 inhibits IRF3. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"In addition, USP15 dose-dependently inhibited RIG-I-N-triggered IFN-beta-Luc, ISRE-Luc, NF-kappaB-Luc, and IRF3-Luc reporter activities."

reach
"As shown in XREF_FIG e and XREF_FIG f, knockdown of USP15 increased the activation of NF-kappaB (5.9 vs 12.9, p = 1.92E-04) and IRF3 (15.6 vs 26.5, p = 1.04E-03) through reporter assays."
USP15 dephosphorylates IRF3.
| 2
USP15 leads to the dephosphorylation of IRF3. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"To further confirm the results, SEV induced phosphorylation of NF-kappaB subunit p65 and IRF3 were enhanced by the knockdown of USP15 (XREF_FIG)."

reach
"Moreover, knockdown of USP15 increased the levels of K63-lined ubiquitinated RIG-I (Fig. 7D, lane 1 and lane 3) and phosphorylated IRF-3 (Fig. 8E, lane 1 and lane 3), whereas miR-26a induced K63-RIG-I and phosphorylated IRF-3 was largely abrogated in the setting of USP15 knockdown (Fig. 7D and E, lane 3 and lane 4)."
USP15 affects HCC
| 4
| 4

sparser
"A pathway hierarchy with all associated genes being differentially expressed and simultaneously, being an HCC-USP15 gene, e.g., with, would reach the theoretical upper bound of s = 10 4 ."

sparser
"We identified 143 of the liver cancer genes as members of the human USP PPI network (HCC-USP15 genes, xref , xref A)."

sparser
"We mapped the 143 HCC-USP15 genes to the network of human pathway hierarchies."

sparser
"The number of HCC-USP15 genes per node varied betweenand(median 2, mean 3.56 ± 2.82)."
USP15 affects GLUL
4 |
4 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
USP15 affects FlaG
| 4
| 4

sparser
"As shown in Fig. xref , FLAG-USP15 interacted with MYC-BECN1 WT and MYC-BECN1 1-127 mutant (Fig. xref , lanes 4 and 5), indicating that USP15 could interact with the N-terminal domain of BECN1 (Fig. xref )."

sparser
"FLAG-USP15 was transiently expressed in A549 and H1299 lung cancer cells, and then the interaction with endogenous BECN1 was evaluated (Fig. xref , A549; Fig. xref , H1299)."

sparser
"FLAG-USP15 interacted with endogenous BECN1 in the absence of LPS stimulation, and the interaction was significantly enhanced in the presence of LPS stimulation (Fig. xref , lane 4 vs. lane 3), indicating that USP15 interacts with endogenous BECN1."

sparser
"FLAG-USP15 interacted with MYC-BECN1 wild-type (WT) and MYC-BECN1 1-269 mutant (Fig. xref , lanes 6 and 7), whereas it showed a weak interaction with MYC-BECN1 1-127 (Fig. xref , lane 8)."
USP15 affects FUS
3 | 1
3 | 1

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

reach
"In leukemia cells, USP15 interacts with and stabilizes FUS (fused in sarcoma), a known DNA repair factor, directly linking USP15 to the DNA damage response (DDR)."

No evidence text available
| 3
| 3

reach
"Furthermore, we observed that USP15 knockdown partially rescues HCT116 cells from ZNNT1 knockdown-induced reduction in cell viability."

reach
"Moreover, USP15 knockdown partially rescued HCT116 cells from the reduction in cell viability caused by ZNNT1 knockdown (Fig. 5D)."

reach
"In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that PRP-Exo-derived USP15 is a key mediator of HaCaT cell survival and migratory activity, with EIF4A1 playing an important role in the process of USP15 induced epithelialization (XREF_FIG)."
USP15 affects COPS5
1 | 2 1
1 | 2 1

No evidence text available

reach
"A distinct cross-talk between NF-kappaB pathway and CSN-signalosome was then confirmed by the fact that Jab1 and COPS5 controls NF-kB activity through CSN associated deubiquitinase USP15, which causes deubiquitination of IkappaBalpha, a negative feedback between degradation of IkappaBalpha and activation of NF-kappaB."

reach
"This is, for example, the case for CSN5, which, in addition to its own isopeptidase activity, is associated with USP15, both being required for proper processing of polyubiquitinated substrates bound to p97 and VCP XREF_BIBR - XREF_BIBR."

sparser
"In addition, TUB increased the binding of p97/VCP to UFD1 and NPL4, but attenuated the binding of p97/VCP to USP15 and CSN5 ( Fig. 5 D and Supplementary Fig. S1V, S1W, S1X ) compared with the control [MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
USP15 affects CASP6
3 | 1
3 | 1

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

sparser
"Furthermore, a co-immunoprecipitation assay showed that there existed interaction between endogenous Caspase-6 and USP15 (Fig. xref b)."

No evidence text available
USP15 affects ACVR1
1 | 2
1 | 2

reach
"Moreover, we show that USP15 interacts with other type I BMP receptors ALK2 and ALK6, as well as TGFbeta receptor ALK5."

reach
"Under these conditions, the association between USP15 and ALK2 appeared to be the strongest (XREF_FIG a)."

No evidence text available
USP14 affects USP15
4 |
4 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
UL12 affects USP15
| 4
UL12 binds USP15. 4 / 4
| 4

sparser
"We demonstrate that USP15 directly interacts with UL12 and that in the absence of USP15, less UL12 is observed."

sparser
"We propose that UL12 binds USP15 and recruits it to the nucleus, where it becomes phosphorylated and then subsequently facilitates viral DNA replication and recombination."

sparser
"This study, however, does not exclude the possibility that the UL12-USP15 interaction modulates other aspects of the DNA damage response to cause the increase in homology-directed repair."

sparser
"We demonstrated that UL12 interacts directly with USP15, and that UL12 is necessary and sufficient for USP15 localization to the nucleus and sites of DNA replication during infection."
TRIM25 affects E6
| 4
E6 binds TRIM25 and USP15. 4 / 4
| 4

sparser
"Furthermore, HPV E6 protein forms a ternary complex with USP15 and TRIM25, resulting in the inhibition of immune surveillance and antiviral responses, thereby exhibiting a direct involvement in immune system regulation [ xref ]."

sparser
"Interestingly, it has been shown that HPV16 E6, but not E7, forms a complex with TRIM25 and its regulator ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 15 (USP15), inducing TRIM25 degradation [ xref ]."

sparser
"As TRIM25 protein stability is regulated by the balance between degradative K48-linked ubiquitination and USP15-mediated deubiquitination, the authors performed coimmunoprecipitation experiments in HEK 293T and cervical-carcinoma-derived C33a cells ectopically expressing FLAG-tagged E6 of HPV16, showing that E6 binds exogenous TRIM25 and USP15, giving rise to a ternary E6-TRIM25-USP15 complex."

sparser
"HPV E6 binds to both TRIM25 and USP15 when ectopically expressed or in natively HPV-infected cells."
TRAF3 affects USP15
| 1 3
| 1 3

sparser
"This was evidenced by: (i) our co-immunoprecipitation experiments showed that USP15 directly interacted with TRAF3; (ii) stably expressing the antisense RNA of ABHD11-AS1 reduced TRAF3 protein ubiquit[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

sparser
"These results along with the results presented in Fig. 3 G and H indicated that the interaction between the deubiquitinase USP15 and TRAF3 can stabilize TRAF3 protein by reducing TRAF3 protein ubiquit[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"These results along with the results presented in Fig. 3 G and H indicated that the interaction between the deubiquitinase USP15 and TRAF3 can stabilize TRAF3 protein by reducing TRAF3 protein ubiquit[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

sparser
"We next further determined whether there is a direct interaction between USP15 and TRAF3 proteins."
SMAD4 affects USP15
4 |
4 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
SMAD2_3 affects USP15
| 4
| 4

sparser
"Finally, we provide evidence that this type of control might operate more widely by showing that interactions between USP15 with SMAD2/3 ( xref ) are subject to USP15 auto-regulation."

sparser
"In light of our USP4 findings, we tested whether catalytically dead USP15 was still able to interact with one of its established substrates, SMAD2/3 ( xref ), and if this interaction was influenced by C451A mutagenesis."

sparser
"Similar to USP4, the interactions between USP15 and its protein target, SMAD2/3 [ xref ], are governed via USP15 self-regulation, while catalytically inactive USP15 lacks the ability to bind to SMAD2/3 protein [ xref ]."

sparser
"Studies have shown that the substrate SMAD2/3 can interact with WT USP15, and not with a catalytically dead USP15 mutant, implying that there may be an auto-deubiquitination-dependent interaction as well ( xref ; xref )."
SMAD2 affects USP15
4 |
4 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
SELENBP1 affects USP15
1 | 1 2
1 | 1 2

reach
"After GeneMANIA prediction, the interaction between USP15 and SELENBP1 was verified using Co-immunoprecipitation (CoIP) assay."

No evidence text available

sparser
"After GeneMANIA prediction, the interaction between USP15 and SELENBP1 was verified using Co-immunoprecipitation (CoIP) assay."

sparser
"In mechanism, USP15 interacted with SELENBP1 and maintained its stabilization by removing ubiquitin."
RNF213 affects USP15
3 | 1
3 | 1

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

reach
"Biochemical evaluation of the association between USP15 and mysterin revealed that mysterin is predominantly recognized by the long isoform of USP15."
RIPK1 affects USP15
1 | 2 1
1 | 2 1

reach
"For example, deubiquitinase USP15 interacts with and deubiquitinates kinase RIPK1, leading to its stabilization and activation of downstream signaling pathways [47]."

reach
"This interaction between USP15 and RIPK1 is regulated by phosphorylation of specific sites on USP15, which enhances its binding to RIPK1 and promotes the stabilization of RIPK1."

sparser
"This interaction between USP15 and RIPK1 is regulated by phosphorylation of specific sites on USP15, which enhances its binding to RIPK1 and promotes the stabilization of RIPK1."

No evidence text available
PSMD7 affects USP15
3 | 1
3 | 1

reach
"For example, USP11 has been found to interact with USP4, USP7 and USP15; and PSMD7 interacts with USP15 and PSMD14 [XREF_BIBR]."

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
PRPF19 affects USP15
| 4
| 4

sparser
"Nuclear localized USP15 interacts with pre-mRNA processing factor 19 (PRPF19) to increase CD44 RNA alternative splicing activating β-catenin and enhancing cancer stemness."

sparser
"Our co-IP data showed that stably overexpressing ABHD11-AS1 in non-transformed human bronchial epithelial cells drastically increased the interaction of USP15 with splicing factor PRPF19 (Pre-mRNA Processing Factor 19) ( xref )."

sparser
"Since manipulating ABHD11-AS1 or SART3 displayed dramatic and consistent effects on the interaction between USP15 and PRPF19 ( xref to xref ), we further determined nuclear level of PRPF19 and the effects of manipulating ABHD11-AS1, SART3 or USP15 expression on nuclear PRPF19 levels."

sparser
"ABHD11-AS1 and SART3 increase the interaction of USP15 with RNA splicing factor PRPF19."
NRF1 affects USP15
| 4
| 4

sparser
"In addition, USP15 physically interacts with Nrf1 and also markedly stabilizes the CNC-bZIP protein by removing its ubiquitin moieties, so that this transcription factor is activated to promote expres[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

sparser
"Nevertheless, the coexpression of 3 × Flag-Nrf1 caused the nuclear translocation of V5-USP15, implying a physical interaction between USP15 and Nrf1 in cells (top panels)."

sparser
"In contrast, USP15 physically interacts with Nrf1 and also stabilizes Nrf1 by removing its ubiquitin moieties, such that this transcription factor is activated to promote the expression of Nrf1-target proteasomal genes [ xref ]."

sparser
"Consistently, 3 × Flag-Nrf1 was coprecipitated with V5-USP15, indicating that USP15 physically interacts with Nrf1 in cells."
NFE2L1 affects USP15
1 | 3
1 | 3

reach
"Consistently, 3 x Flag-Nrf1 was coprecipitated with V5-USP15, indicating that USP15 physically interacts with Nrf1 in cells.We next examined whether USP15 stabilizes Nrf1 through its deubiquitination."

reach
"Nevertheless, the coexpression of 3 x Flag-Nrf1 caused the nuclear translocation of V5-USP15, implying a physical interaction between USP15 and Nrf1 in cells (top panels)."

No evidence text available

reach
"To address this hypothesis, we first examined an association between USP15 and Nrf1 using immunoprecipitation."
MDC1 affects USP15
2 | 1 1
2 | 1 1

No evidence text available

reach
"Mechanistically, USP15 colocalized with MDC1 upon DNA damage and depletion of MDC1 impaired USP15 recruitment to DSBs."

sparser
"More importantly, USP15 was associated with MDC1 and this interaction was increased after DNA damage (Fig.  xref )."

No evidence text available
MAX affects USP15
4 |
MAX decreases the amount of USP15. 4 / 4
4 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
KIF15 affects USP15
3 | 1
3 | 1

No evidence text available

sparser
"IP-LC/MS data and bioinformatic prediction showed that KIF15 might also interact with USP15, another deubiquitinase ( Fig. 2 A)."

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
HCC affects USP15
| 4
| 4

sparser
"A pathway hierarchy with all associated genes being differentially expressed and simultaneously, being an HCC-USP15 gene, e.g., with, would reach the theoretical upper bound of s = 10 4 ."

sparser
"We identified 143 of the liver cancer genes as members of the human USP PPI network (HCC-USP15 genes, xref , xref A)."

sparser
"We mapped the 143 HCC-USP15 genes to the network of human pathway hierarchies."

sparser
"The number of HCC-USP15 genes per node varied betweenand(median 2, mean 3.56 ± 2.82)."
GLUL affects USP15
4 |
4 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
FlaG affects USP15
| 4
| 4

sparser
"As shown in Fig. xref , FLAG-USP15 interacted with MYC-BECN1 WT and MYC-BECN1 1-127 mutant (Fig. xref , lanes 4 and 5), indicating that USP15 could interact with the N-terminal domain of BECN1 (Fig. xref )."

sparser
"FLAG-USP15 was transiently expressed in A549 and H1299 lung cancer cells, and then the interaction with endogenous BECN1 was evaluated (Fig. xref , A549; Fig. xref , H1299)."

sparser
"FLAG-USP15 interacted with endogenous BECN1 in the absence of LPS stimulation, and the interaction was significantly enhanced in the presence of LPS stimulation (Fig. xref , lane 4 vs. lane 3), indicating that USP15 interacts with endogenous BECN1."

sparser
"FLAG-USP15 interacted with MYC-BECN1 wild-type (WT) and MYC-BECN1 1-269 mutant (Fig. xref , lanes 6 and 7), whereas it showed a weak interaction with MYC-BECN1 1-127 (Fig. xref , lane 8)."
FUS affects USP15
3 | 1
3 | 1

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

reach
"In leukemia cells, USP15 interacts with and stabilizes FUS (fused in sarcoma), a known DNA repair factor, directly linking USP15 to the DNA damage response (DDR)."

No evidence text available
E6 affects TRIM25, and USP15
| 4
E6 binds TRIM25 and USP15. 4 / 4
| 4

sparser
"Furthermore, HPV E6 protein forms a ternary complex with USP15 and TRIM25, resulting in the inhibition of immune surveillance and antiviral responses, thereby exhibiting a direct involvement in immune system regulation [ xref ]."

sparser
"Interestingly, it has been shown that HPV16 E6, but not E7, forms a complex with TRIM25 and its regulator ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 15 (USP15), inducing TRIM25 degradation [ xref ]."

sparser
"As TRIM25 protein stability is regulated by the balance between degradative K48-linked ubiquitination and USP15-mediated deubiquitination, the authors performed coimmunoprecipitation experiments in HEK 293T and cervical-carcinoma-derived C33a cells ectopically expressing FLAG-tagged E6 of HPV16, showing that E6 binds exogenous TRIM25 and USP15, giving rise to a ternary E6-TRIM25-USP15 complex."

sparser
"HPV E6 binds to both TRIM25 and USP15 when ectopically expressed or in natively HPV-infected cells."
| 2 2
| 1 1

sparser
"For example, the binding of USP15 to the SMAD7-specific E3 ubiquitin ligase 2 (SMURF2) complex results in the deubiquitination and stabilization of TGF-β receptor 1 (TβRI) and promotes TGF-β activity."

reach
"USP15 binds to the SMAD7–SMAD-specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2 (SMURF2) complex, and deubiquitylates and stabilizes the type I TGFβ receptor, leading to enhanced TGFβ signalling."

sparser
"In the nucleus, Usp15 indirectly associates with the ubH2B E3 ligase, RNF20/RNF40, and directly associates with a component of the splicing machinery, SART3 (also known as TIP110 or p110)."

reach
"For example, glioblastomas can overexpress USP15, which binds to the SMAD7-SMAD specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2 (SMURF2) complex to deubiquitinate and stabilize the type I TGF-β receptor (TβR-I), enhancing TGF-β signaling ."
COPS5 affects USP15
1 | 2 1
1 | 2 1

No evidence text available

reach
"A distinct cross-talk between NF-kappaB pathway and CSN-signalosome was then confirmed by the fact that Jab1 and COPS5 controls NF-kB activity through CSN associated deubiquitinase USP15, which causes deubiquitination of IkappaBalpha, a negative feedback between degradation of IkappaBalpha and activation of NF-kappaB."

reach
"This is, for example, the case for CSN5, which, in addition to its own isopeptidase activity, is associated with USP15, both being required for proper processing of polyubiquitinated substrates bound to p97 and VCP XREF_BIBR - XREF_BIBR."

sparser
"In addition, TUB increased the binding of p97/VCP to UFD1 and NPL4, but attenuated the binding of p97/VCP to USP15 and CSN5 ( Fig. 5 D and Supplementary Fig. S1V, S1W, S1X ) compared with the control [MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
CASP6 affects USP15
3 | 1
3 | 1

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

sparser
"Furthermore, a co-immunoprecipitation assay showed that there existed interaction between endogenous Caspase-6 and USP15 (Fig. xref b)."

No evidence text available
ACVR1 affects USP15
1 | 2
1 | 2

reach
"Moreover, we show that USP15 interacts with other type I BMP receptors ALK2 and ALK6, as well as TGFbeta receptor ALK5."

reach
"Under these conditions, the association between USP15 and ALK2 appeared to be the strongest (XREF_FIG a)."

No evidence text available
ABHD11-AS1 affects USP15
| 4
ABHD11-AS1 activates USP15. 4 / 4
| 4

reach
"ABHD11-AS1 and SART3 increase the interaction of USP15 with RNA splicing factor PRPF19."

reach
"Our recent study showed that chronic Cr(VI) exposure up-regulated the expression of ABHD11-AS1, which interacted with SART3 to promote USP15 nuclear localization and regulate RNA alternative splicing [MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"ABHD11-AS1 over-expression in non-transformed human bronchial epithelial cells also greatly increased the interaction of USP15 with CDC5L (Fig. 5a)."

reach
"The interaction of ABHD11-AS1 with SART3 promotes USP15 (ubiquitin specific peptidase 15) nuclear localization."
Folic acid affects USP15
3 |
Folic acid decreases the amount of USP15. 3 / 3
3 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
ChvG affects USP15
| 3
ChvG activates USP15. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"The WB and RT-qPCR results all confirmed the successful isolation of Exos overexpressing USP15 from ADMSC.Macrophages, as an important component of the human immune system, are subdivided into M1 and M2 types based on their functional characteristics and surface markers."

reach
"Using the Annexin V-FITC/PI Apoptosis Detection Kit (Yeasen, Shanghai, China), the effect of USP15-overexpressing Exos on the apoptosis of LPS-treated C28/I2 cells were evaluated by flow cytometry."

reach
"Finally, flow cytometry analysis was performed with FITC as the x-axis and PI (PE-A) as the y-axis.To investigate the specific role of USP15-overexpressing Exos on LPS-induced polarization of THP1-M0 cells, the following experimental procedures were conducted: Firstly, the USP15-overexpressing Exos were co-cultured with LPS-treated THP1-M0 cells to induce their polarization."
YBX3 affects USP15
| 3
| 3

sparser
"YBX3 protein interacts with USP15 mRNA to enhance its translation."

sparser
"The subsequent dual-luciferase assay demonstrated that the luciferase activity of the chimeric luciferase gene was augmented by the YBX3 binding site sequences ( xref ), further suggesting that YBX3 can bind to USP15 mRNA to enhance translation."

sparser
"Taken together, these results demonstrated that YBX3 protein could interact with USP15 mRNA to enhance translation, playing a critical role in HCC progression."
Ubiquitin affects USP15
| 1 2
| 1 2

reach
"Since lower values of interaction energy indicate a more favourable interaction, the G75V mutation of Ub inhibits the binding of USP15 to Ub."

sparser
"Since lower values of interaction energy indicate a more favourable interaction, the G75V mutation of Ub inhibits the binding of USP15 to Ub."

sparser
"USP15 binds to Lys48-linked ubiquitin chains to achieve deubiquitination, inhibiting the degradation of TAB2 and TAB3, thus hindering the selective autophagy degradation mediated by autophagy cargo receptor 1 ( xref )."
USP4 affects USP11
| 3
USP4 binds USP11 and USP15. 3 / 3
| 3

sparser
"USP15 forms a subfamily with USP4 and USP11 related through a shared presence of N-terminal &quot;domain present in ubiquitin specific proteases&quot; (DUSP) and &quot;ubiquitin-like&quot; (UBL) domains (DU subfamily)."

sparser
"Human deubiquitinase Usp15 forms a small subfamily with its close relatives Usp11 and Usp4, which all share a common domain architecture."

sparser
"USP4 can form stable homodimers and can also interact with USP11 and USP15 ( Fig. 4 )."
USP4 affects BRAP
| 3
USP4 binds USP15 and BRAP. 3 / 3
| 3

sparser
"This reinforces the notion that although both USP4 and USP15 can interact with BRAP under certain experimental conditions, the USP15:BRAP rather than USP4:BRAP interaction may be of most relevance within a physiological setting."

sparser
"In summary, USP4 and USP15 interact with the coiled-coil domain of BRAP through their N-terminal regions, requiring a combination of DUSP and UBL domains ( xref C )."

sparser
"We turned to expression of epitope-tagged proteins to confirm the interactions of USP4 and USP15 with BRAP in the context of a mammalian cell system."
| 3

reach
"Recently, a study indicated that MFSD4A-AS1 activated transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling by sponging miR-30c-2-3p that targeted TGFBR2 and USP15, which promoted lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis of PTC 31."

reach
"In the current study, our results found that MFSD4A-AS1 functioned as ceRNA to sequester miR-30c-2-3p, miR-145-3p and miR-139-5p to disrupt the miRNA-mediated inhibition of VEGFA and VEGFC on the one hand; on the other hand, MFSD4A-AS1 further activated TGF-β signaling by sponging miR-30c-2-3p to relieve the repressive effect of miR-30c-2-3p on TGFBR2 and USP15, which synergistically promoted lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis of PTC."

reach
"Mechanistic dissection further revealed that MFSD4A-AS1 functioned as competing endogenous RNA to sequester miR-30c-2-3p, miR-145-3p and miR-139-5p to disrupt the miRNA-mediated inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factors A and C, and further activated transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta signaling by sponging miR-30c-2-3p that targeted TGFBR2 and USP15, both of which synergistically promoted lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis of PTC."
| 3

reach
"Using the USP15 UbV inhibitors, we first confirmed the specificity of USP15-mediated HIV-1 gene expression and virus production."

reach
"We first confirmed the specificity of USP15-mediated HIV-1 gene expression and virus production."

reach
"These results support the possibility that USP15 forms a complex with YY1.3.8 YY1 knockdown rescued the inhibitory effects of USP15 on HIV-1 gene expression and virus production, while USP15 knockdown led to decreased YY1 and increased HIV-1 gene expression and virus production."
USP15 affects degradation
| 3
USP15 inhibits degradation. 3 / 3
| 3

sparser
"USP15 inhibited the degradation of HPV16 E6 in dose-dependent manner."

sparser
"The linear ubiquitin ligase assembly complex (LUBAC) was shown to inhibit IFN-responses by targeting TRIM25 for proteasomal degradation [ xref ], which is inhibited by the cellular ubiquitin deconjugase USP15 [ xref ]."

sparser
"For TAB3, USP15 inhibited NBR1-mediated selective autophagic TAB3 degradation independent of its deubiquitinating activity."
USP15 affects YBX3
| 3
| 3

sparser
"YBX3 protein interacts with USP15 mRNA to enhance its translation."

sparser
"The subsequent dual-luciferase assay demonstrated that the luciferase activity of the chimeric luciferase gene was augmented by the YBX3 binding site sequences ( xref ), further suggesting that YBX3 can bind to USP15 mRNA to enhance translation."

sparser
"Taken together, these results demonstrated that YBX3 protein could interact with USP15 mRNA to enhance translation, playing a critical role in HCC progression."

reach
"Ubiquitin-specific protease 15 (USP15) was reported to promote pulmonary vascular remodeling in PAH by stabilizing YAP1 through the inhibition of the K48-linked ubiquitination of YAP1 ( Table 1 ) [ 16[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"USP15 promotes pulmonary vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension in a YAP1/TAZ-dependent manner."

reach
"Therefore, our study aims to investigate whether USP15 promotes pulmonary vascular remodeling in PH via YAP1/TAZ signaling."
USP15 affects TRAF6-BECN1
| 3
USP15 inhibits TRAF6-BECN1. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"The TRAF6-BECN1 signaling axis was negatively regulated by USP15 for induction of autophagy in LUAD (Kim et al. 2022)."

reach
"Previous evidence suggested that USP15 may negatively regulate lung cancer progression by modulating the TRAF6-BECN1 signaling axis to induce autophagy ."

reach
"Taken together, our data demonstrate that USP15 can negatively regulate the TRAF6-BECN1 signaling axis for autophagy induction."
USP15 affects STN1
3 |
3 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
USP15 affects SERPINB4
2 | 1
2 | 1

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

reach
"USP15 was able to bind, deubiquitinate, and stabilize SCCA2."
USP15 affects SARS2
3 |
3 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
USP15 affects RORgammat
| 3
USP15 activates RORgammat. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"USP15 stimulates RORgammat activity and Th17 differentiation by enhancing SRC1 recruitment."

reach
"This suggests that USP15 stimulates RORgammat activity via enhancing SRC1 recruitment."

reach
"Altogether, our results indicate that USP15 stimulates RORgammat activity via enhancing SRC1 recruitment, ultimately leading to promoting Th17 differentiation."
USP15 affects RNF20
2 | 1
2 | 1

No evidence text available

reach
"In the nucleus, Usp15 indirectly associates with the ubH2B E3 ligase, RNF20 and RNF40, and directly associates with a component of the splicing machinery, SART3 (also known as TIP110 or p110)."

No evidence text available
| 3

eidos
"USP15 , an important DUB , removes ubiquitin chains from target proteins and promotes protein stability ( Padmanabhan et al ., 2018 ) ."

eidos
"Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 15 ( USP15 ) , an important member of deubiquitinating enzymes ( DUBs ) , removes ubiquitin chains from target proteins and promotes protein stability ( Villeneuve et al ., 2013 ) ."

eidos
"A previous study has shown that USP15 interacts with receptor-phosphorylated SMAD proteins ( R-SMADs ) and deubiquitinates transforming growth factor-beta ( TGF-beta ) receptor 1 ( TBR1 ) , thereby promoting protein stability ( Inui et al ., 2011 ) ."
| 3

reach
"Therefore, the activities of USP30 and USP15 in antagonizing Parkin would be expected to promote PD phenotypes [62]."

reach
"Furthermore, USP15 KD was able to rescue the mitophagy defect of Parkin and PINK1 mutant PD patient fibroblasts."

reach
"Previous research has reported that ubiquitin-specific protease 15 (USP15) antagonizes parkin-mediated mitochondrial ubiquitination and that USP15 knockout can rescue mitophagy impairment in PD patient brains with PARK2 mutation [131]."
USP15 affects PSMD14
3 |
3 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
USP15 affects PSMB9
3 |
3 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
USP15 affects PRPF4
3 |
3 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
USP15 affects NEDD4
| 2
USP15 inhibits NEDD4. 2 / 3
| 2

reach
"In this study, we identified USP15 as a novel deubiquitination enzyme for IRS-2, and found that USP15 antagonizes the effect of Nedd4 on IRS-2, thereby attenuating IGF-I signaling.An anti-IRS-2 antibo[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"Nedd4 overexpression enhanced IRS-2 tyrosine phosphorylation as reported [16] , whereas USP15 co-expression suppressed the effects of Nedd4 ( Fig. 3 a and b)."
USP15 affects MYC
| 3
| 3

sparser
"Ectopically expressed Myc-USP15 was readily detected in Flag-TET2 immune complex ( xref )."
| PMC

sparser
"The ubiquitination of BECN1 appeared in the absence of MYC-USP15 (Fig. xref , lane 2 vs. lane 1), whereas it was markedly attenuated in the presence of MYC-USP15 (Fig. xref , lane 3 vs. lane 2)."

sparser
"FLAG-BECN1 and HA-Ub were transfected in the presence or absence of MYC-USP15."
USP15 affects MMP9
| 3
USP15 increases the amount of MMP9. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"Consistently, USP15 shRNA impaired the protein levels of MMP9, N-cadherin, and Vimentin, but recovered E-cadherin expression in GINS1-overexpressing A172 cells, while the USP15 plasmid restored the protein levels of MMP9, N-cadherin, and Vimentin, but attenuated E-cadherin expression in GINS1-silenced U251 cells (Figure 6Q)."

reach
"USP15 knockdown significantly reduced the proliferation and invasion of NSCLC cells by downregulating the expression of MMP3 and MMP9."

reach
"Western blotting results showed that the knockdown of USP15 significantly decreased the expression of MMP3 and MMP9 in NSCLC cells compared to negative control ( Fig. 4 A and 4 B)."

reach
"Recently, a study indicated that MFSD4A-AS1 activated transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling by sponging miR-30c-2-3p that targeted TGFBR2 and USP15, which promoted lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis of PTC 31."

reach
"Mechanistic dissection further revealed that MFSD4A-AS1 functioned as competing endogenous RNA to sequester miR-30c-2-3p, miR-145-3p and miR-139-5p to disrupt the miRNA-mediated inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factors A and C, and further activated transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta signaling by sponging miR-30c-2-3p that targeted TGFBR2 and USP15, both of which synergistically promoted lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis of PTC."

reach
"In the current study, our results found that MFSD4A-AS1 functioned as ceRNA to sequester miR-30c-2-3p, miR-145-3p and miR-139-5p to disrupt the miRNA-mediated inhibition of VEGFA and VEGFC on the one hand; on the other hand, MFSD4A-AS1 further activated TGF-β signaling by sponging miR-30c-2-3p to relieve the repressive effect of miR-30c-2-3p on TGFBR2 and USP15, which synergistically promoted lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis of PTC."
USP15 affects LGALS3
| 3
| 3

sparser
"We then performed Co-IP experiments and found that USP15 and LGALS3 could physically interact (Fig. xref )."

sparser
"In previous experiments, we found that USP15 and LGALS3 can interact, and that both are up-regulated in HCC."

sparser
"In our study, we found that USP15 can interact with LGALS3 and activate the AKT/mTOR pathway by phosphorylating the AKT and mTOR proteins to exert cancer-promoting functions."
| 2
| 2

reach
"USP15 stabilized TGFβ receptor I and promoted oncogenesis in glioblastoma [51]."

reach
"USP15 enhances the tumorigenic effects of TGF-β in glioblastoma (80), while USP4 promotes TGF-β-induced EMT and cell migration in breast cancer."
USP15 affects GEMIN4
1 | 2
1 | 2

reach
"To confirm the observation that the CHMP5 complex in osteoclasts contains the deubiquitinating enzyme USP15 and VCP and p97 (XREF_FIG), the physical interactions between CHMP5, USP15, and VCP and p97 were studied using cell-free immunoprecipitation analysis (XREF_FIG)."

reach
"Likewise, in osteoclasts the interaction of USP15 with VCP and p97 was markedly decreased in the absence of CHMP5 (XREF_FIG), suggesting that CHMP5 mediates the interaction between USP15 and VCP and p97."

No evidence text available
USP15 affects FABPs
| 3
USP15 deubiquitinates FABPs. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"It is also strongly supposed that FABPs and perilipins are deubiquitinated by USP15 and that their enhanced stability synergistically contributes to increased lipid accumulation and inflammation in the development of NAFLD/NASH.An FPC diet is used to induce features of metabolic and hepatic NASH characteristics."

reach
"To further confirm the deubiquitination of FABPs and perilipins mediated by USP15, we used TUBE-agarose beads (tandem ubiquitin-binding entities) to identify and isolate total ubiquitinated proteins."

reach
"USP15 can deubiquitinate FABPs and Perilipin proteins, thereby increasing their stability and boosting lipid accumulation (133).5 Conclusion and prospects."
USP15 affects FABP4
1 | 1 1
1 | 1 1

sparser
"We also performed an in vitro GST pulldown assay to detect direct interactions between USP15 and FABP4 and Perilipin1 (Fig. xref )."

No evidence text available

reach
"We also performed an in vitro GST pulldown assay to detect direct interactions between USP15 and FABP4 and Perilipin1 (Fig. 2d)."
USP15 affects CDH1
| 3
USP15 inhibits CDH1. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"In addition, knockdown of USP15 upregulated E-cadherin and downregulated N-cadherin and vimentin (Figure 2F)."

reach
"Western blotting analysis showed that overexpression of USP15 upregulated vimentin and N-cadherin but downregulated E-cadherin (Figure 3F)."

reach
"As shown in our results, knockdown of USP15 resulted in upregulation of E-cadherin and downregulation of N-cadherin and vimentin, while overexpression of USP15 had the opposite effects, suggesting that USP15 can induce EMT in GC cells."
USP15 affects CD44v6
| 3
USP15 increases the amount of CD44v6. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"USP15 and PRPF19 mediate the effect of ABHD11-AS1 on CD44 alternative splicing to increase the expression of CD44v6."

reach
"Furthermore, silence of USP15 or PRPF19 in ABHD11-AS1-overexpressing HCC15 cells also reduced CD44, CD44v6, total and active β-catenin levels, and these effects were partially reversed by CD44v6 overexpression (Fig. 8d)."

reach
"In addition, knockdown of USP15 or PRPF19 drastically decreased CD44, CD44v6, total and active β-catenin levels in A549 cells."
USP15 affects CASP3
1 | 2
USP15 deubiquitinates CASP3. 3 / 3
1 | 2

reach
"The activity of the SCF complex can be counteracted by ubiquitin-specific protease 15 (USP15), which deubiquitinates caspase-3 directly at the SCF complex."

reach
"A recent study reported that SCF (Skp1–Cullin–F-box protein) promotes degradation of caspase-3 via ubiquitination [ 60 ] and its activity is counteracted by USP15 (ubiquitin-specific protease 15) that[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
USP15 affects ATM
| 3
| 3

reach
"We subsequently confirmed that USP15 could bind to ATM both endogenously and exogenously via confocal microscopy, dual-link proximity ligation assay (PLA), and reciprocal coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP) experiments (Fig. 4b–e)."

reach
"Therefore, the direct binding between USP15 and ATM is deubiquitination independent."

reach
"Next, we tested which region of USP15 is responsible for its interaction with ATM by expressing ATM together with USP15 or its truncated mutants (Fig. 4h) and found that the USP15 D3 deletion mutant (deletion residues 740–981) abolished the binding of USP15 with ATM (Fig. 4i)."
USP11 affects USP4
| 3
USP4 binds USP11 and USP15. 3 / 3
| 3

sparser
"USP15 forms a subfamily with USP4 and USP11 related through a shared presence of N-terminal &quot;domain present in ubiquitin specific proteases&quot; (DUSP) and &quot;ubiquitin-like&quot; (UBL) domains (DU subfamily)."

sparser
"Human deubiquitinase Usp15 forms a small subfamily with its close relatives Usp11 and Usp4, which all share a common domain architecture."

sparser
"USP4 can form stable homodimers and can also interact with USP11 and USP15 ( Fig. 4 )."
TOP2A affects USP15
2 | 1
2 | 1

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

reach
"We further investigated the interaction between USP15 and TOP2A."
TBR1 affects USP15
1 | 1 1
1 | 1 1

reach
"Conclusively, our results illustrate that USP15 binds to SMAD7 and deubiquitinates TBR1, stabilizing the TBR1 structure."

sparser
"A Co-IP assay demonstrated that USP15 interacted with TBR1 and that endogenous USP15 coimmunoprecipitated with endogenous TBR1 under physiological conditions."

No evidence text available
STN1 affects USP15
3 |
3 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
SQSTM1 affects USP15
| 1 2
| 1 2

sparser
"Also, the interaction between deubiquitinated enzyme USP15 and SQSTM1, and ubiquitinated level of SQSTM1 were determined by Co-IP assay."

reach
"Also, the interaction between deubiquitinated enzyme USP15 and SQSTM1, and ubiquitinated level of SQSTM1 were determined by Co-IP assay."

sparser
"For example, USP15 can deubiquitinate and stabilize the murine double minute 2 (MDM2) protein to hinder cancer cell survival, xref and it can deubiquitinate and suppress the activation of the ten-eleven translocation 2 (TET2) protein, thereby diminishing tumor immunogenicity. xref Additionally, USP15 can interact with sequestosome−1 (SQSTM1) to abolish the activation of ring finger protein 26 (RNF26), facilitating the release of diverse vesicles for fast transport and utilization of intracellular substances. xref A recent study has indicated an elevated expression of USP15 in HCC tumor tissues, revealing a close association with metastasis and poor prognosis. xref Thus, gaining a thorough understanding of this crucial modification implicated in the regulation of HCC progression could offer novel perspectives for cancer therapeutics."
SERPINB4 affects USP15
2 | 1
2 | 1

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

reach
"USP15 was able to bind, deubiquitinate, and stabilize SCCA2."
SARS2 affects USP15
3 |
3 |

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No evidence text available
RNF20 affects USP15
2 | 1
2 | 1

No evidence text available

reach
"In the nucleus, Usp15 indirectly associates with the ubH2B E3 ligase, RNF20 and RNF40, and directly associates with a component of the splicing machinery, SART3 (also known as TIP110 or p110)."

No evidence text available
PSMD14 affects USP15
3 |
3 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
PSMB9 affects USP15
3 |
3 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

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PRPF4 affects USP15
3 |
3 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
PRPF3 affects USP15
3 |
3 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
PRKN affects USP15
2 | 1
2 | 1

No evidence text available

reach
"As we were unable to coimmunoprecipitate USP15 with endogenous Parkin in HEK293 cells, we assumed that the binding of Parkin and USP15 is weak and not detectable at endogenous Parkin expression levels.We then asked if there was a functional interaction between Parkin and USP15."

No evidence text available
NKD1 affects USP15
| 3
NKD1 decreases the amount of USP15. 3 / 3
| 3

reach
"4 , 33 Regarding the mechanism of NKD1 promoting the ubiquitination and degradation of APC, we found that NKD1 promoted the ubiquitination and degradation of APC by inhibiting the expression of deubiquitination enzyme USP15 and blocking the interaction between SUP15 and APC."

reach
"Furthermore, Western blot demonstrated that overexpression of NKD1 in colon cancer HCT116 cells significantly reduced the expression of USP15, while knockdown of NKD1 in RKO cells evidently increased USP15 expression (Figure 9C), which implied that NKD1 prohibited the expression of USP15 in colon cancer cells."

reach
"Altogether, these results present that NKD1 not only represses the expression of the USP15 protein but also blocks the binding between USP15 and APC.3.10 NKD1 promoted colon cancer cell proliferation and migration by inhibiting APC ."
LGALS3 affects USP15
| 3
| 3

sparser
"We then performed Co-IP experiments and found that USP15 and LGALS3 could physically interact (Fig. xref )."

sparser
"In previous experiments, we found that USP15 and LGALS3 can interact, and that both are up-regulated in HCC."

sparser
"In our study, we found that USP15 can interact with LGALS3 and activate the AKT/mTOR pathway by phosphorylating the AKT and mTOR proteins to exert cancer-promoting functions."
GEMIN4 affects USP15
1 | 2
1 | 2

reach
"To confirm the observation that the CHMP5 complex in osteoclasts contains the deubiquitinating enzyme USP15 and VCP and p97 (XREF_FIG), the physical interactions between CHMP5, USP15, and VCP and p97 were studied using cell-free immunoprecipitation analysis (XREF_FIG)."

reach
"Likewise, in osteoclasts the interaction of USP15 with VCP and p97 was markedly decreased in the absence of CHMP5 (XREF_FIG), suggesting that CHMP5 mediates the interaction between USP15 and VCP and p97."

No evidence text available
FABP4 affects USP15
1 | 1 1
1 | 1 1

sparser
"We also performed an in vitro GST pulldown assay to detect direct interactions between USP15 and FABP4 and Perilipin1 (Fig. xref )."

No evidence text available

reach
"We also performed an in vitro GST pulldown assay to detect direct interactions between USP15 and FABP4 and Perilipin1 (Fig. 2d)."
DNM1L affects USP15
1 | 2
1 | 2

No evidence text available

reach
"We conducted co-IP assays to verify the association between USP15 and Drp1 with and without FUNDC1 overexpression."

reach
"We found that in PAECs, in the absence of FUNDC1, USP15 directly binds to Drp1 and inhibits its degradation via ubiquitination."
CK2 affects USP15
| 2 1
CK2 phosphorylates USP15. 3 / 3
| 2 1

sparser
"In this context, USP15 also is phosphorylated by CSN-associated CK2 [ xref ]."

reach
"In this context, USP15 also is phosphorylated by CSN-associated CK2 [61]."

reach
"Because USP15 is phosphorylated by the CSN and by recombinant CK2, the impact of curcumin on the deubiquitinating activity of the CSN and USP15 was tested."
BRAP affects USP4
| 3
USP4 binds USP15 and BRAP. 3 / 3
| 3

sparser
"This reinforces the notion that although both USP4 and USP15 can interact with BRAP under certain experimental conditions, the USP15:BRAP rather than USP4:BRAP interaction may be of most relevance within a physiological setting."

sparser
"In summary, USP4 and USP15 interact with the coiled-coil domain of BRAP through their N-terminal regions, requiring a combination of DUSP and UBL domains ( xref C )."

sparser
"We turned to expression of epitope-tagged proteins to confirm the interactions of USP4 and USP15 with BRAP in the context of a mammalian cell system."
BMI1 affects USP15
2 | 1
2 | 1

sparser
"Co‐IP analysis also showed that BMI1 could interact with USP15 in BC cells (Figure xref C)."

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
SiUSP15#1 affects USP15
| 2
SiUSP15#1 decreases the amount of USP15. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"XREF_FIG, siUSP15 # 1 and siUSP15 # 2 transfection in RPMI 8226 cells significantly reduced USP15 protein expression by 61.7% and 66.9% compared to siNC, respectively."

reach
"siUSP15 # 1 and siUSP15 # 2 transfection in U266 cells significantly reduced USP15 protein expression by 55.2% and 72.2% compared to siNC, respectively."

sparser
"Mechanistically, Usp15 interacts with R-Smads of the TGF–β (i.e. Smad2/3) and BMP (i.e. Smad1/5/8) branches and opposes their ubiquitylation."

sparser
"However, we were not able to detect an interaction between USP15 and R-SMADs and, consistent with this, depletion or overexpression of USP15 from human and mouse cells as well as Xenopus embryos did not cause significant changes in the levels of endogenous SMAD1."
Phenylmercury acetate increases the amount of USP15. 2 / 2
2 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
Foci affects USP15
| 2
USP15 binds foci. 2 / 2
| 2

sparser
"WT MDC1 could restore USP15 foci formation, while both deletion mutants could not (Fig.  xref )."

sparser
"Of note, MDC1 BRCT domain is essential for itself recruitment to DSBs xref , xref , which explains why BRCT deletion mutant could not restore USP15 foci formation."
Dioxygen affects USP15
2 |
Dioxygen decreases the amount of USP15. 2 / 2
2 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
2 |
Deoxynivalenol increases the amount of USP15. 2 / 2
2 |

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2 |
Cobalt dichloride increases the amount of USP15. 2 / 2
2 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
Associated deubiquitinating enzyme Ubp12p affects USP15
| 2
Associated deubiquitinating enzyme Ubp12p deubiquitinates USP15. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"Indeed, the CSN associated deubiquitinating enzyme Ubp12p and USP15 has been shown to play an important role in reversing autoubiquitination and degradation of cullin based E3 ligase subunits [13,14]."

reach
"The CSN associated deubiquitinating enzyme Ubp12p and USP15 has been shown to also contribute to the CSN dependent protective effect [13,14]."
VHL affects USP15
| 1 1
| 1 1

sparser
"As VHL targets hypoxia‐inducible transcription factor (HIF‐α) for degradation, VHL inactivation and HIF‐α activation were associated with the oncogenic driver. xref USP15 is a component of the COP9 signalosome complex (CSN), which is associated with VHL. xref , xref Therefore the interaction between USP15 and VHL requires intensive study in the future."

reach
"25 , 26 Therefore the interaction between USP15 and VHL requires intensive study in the future.It has been well established that dysregulated transcriptional programs are closely related to the occurrence and development of various neoplasias, including ccRCC."
USP15 affects tumor immunity
| 2
USP15 inhibits tumor immunity. 2 / 2
| 2

eidos
"USP15 suppresses tumor immunity via deubiquitylation and inactivation of TET2 USP15 deubiquitinase inactivates TET2 to suppress tumor immunity and is a potential therapeutic target of immunotherapy ."
| PMC

eidos
"USP15 suppresses tumor immunity via deubiquitylation and inactivation of TET2 ."
USP15 affects removal K1299-linked monoubiquitin
| 2
USP15 activates removal K1299-linked monoubiquitin. 2 / 2
| 2

eidos
"USP15 catalyzes the removal of K1299-linked monoubiquitin and negatively regulates TET2 activity ."
| PMC

eidos
"USP15 catalyzes the removal of K1299-linked monoubiquitin and negatively regulates TET2 activity ."

sparser
"Mechanistically, Usp15 interacts with R-Smads of the TGF–β (i.e. Smad2/3) and BMP (i.e. Smad1/5/8) branches and opposes their ubiquitylation."

sparser
"However, we were not able to detect an interaction between USP15 and R-SMADs and, consistent with this, depletion or overexpression of USP15 from human and mouse cells as well as Xenopus embryos did not cause significant changes in the levels of endogenous SMAD1."
USP15 affects perilipins
| 2
USP15 deubiquitinates perilipins. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"It is also strongly supposed that FABPs and perilipins are deubiquitinated by USP15 and that their enhanced stability synergistically contributes to increased lipid accumulation and inflammation in the development of NAFLD/NASH.An FPC diet is used to induce features of metabolic and hepatic NASH characteristics."

reach
"To further confirm the deubiquitination of FABPs and perilipins mediated by USP15, we used TUBE-agarose beads (tandem ubiquitin-binding entities) to identify and isolate total ubiquitinated proteins."
USP15 affects interaction
| 2
USP15 inhibits interaction. 2 / 2
| 2

eidos
"Although we cannot rule out the possibility that USP15 exerts its effects in a third uncharacterized manner , the data in this study demonstrate that USP15 sequesters the interaction between RIG-I and IPS-1 , shedding light on the mechanisms underlying the catalytic-activity-independent antagonism of IFN by USP15 ."

eidos
"( f ) USP15 sequestered the interaction between RIG-I and IPS-1 ."
USP15 affects foci
| 2
USP15 binds foci. 2 / 2
| 2

sparser
"WT MDC1 could restore USP15 foci formation, while both deletion mutants could not (Fig.  xref )."

sparser
"Of note, MDC1 BRCT domain is essential for itself recruitment to DSBs xref , xref , which explains why BRCT deletion mutant could not restore USP15 foci formation."
USP15 affects cell death
| 2
| 2

reach
"In this report, we found that PdPT is an inhibitor of multiple DUBs including USP7, USP10, USP14, USP15, USP25 and UCHL5, which contributes to the accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins and subsequent cell death in NSCLC cell lines.Regulated cell death requires activation of various regulators and effectors (23)."

reach
"Depletion of USP15 in ovarian cancer cells causes decrease in p53-R175H protein levels and induces cell death in cancer cells expressing this mutant form of p53 [XREF_BIBR]."
USP15 affects VIM
| 2
USP15 activates VIM. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"In addition, knockdown of USP15 upregulated E-cadherin and downregulated N-cadherin and vimentin (Figure 2F)."

reach
"Western blotting analysis showed that overexpression of USP15 upregulated vimentin and N-cadherin but downregulated E-cadherin (Figure 3F)."
USP15 affects VHL
| 1 1
| 1 1

sparser
"As VHL targets hypoxia‐inducible transcription factor (HIF‐α) for degradation, VHL inactivation and HIF‐α activation were associated with the oncogenic driver. xref USP15 is a component of the COP9 signalosome complex (CSN), which is associated with VHL. xref , xref Therefore the interaction between USP15 and VHL requires intensive study in the future."

reach
"25 , 26 Therefore the interaction between USP15 and VHL requires intensive study in the future.It has been well established that dysregulated transcriptional programs are closely related to the occurrence and development of various neoplasias, including ccRCC."
USP15 affects USP13
| 1 1
| 1 1

sparser
"Furthermore, CRAF protein stability is maintained by physical interaction with USP13, USP15 and inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) at the post-translational level [ xref – xref ]."

reach
"We next evaluated protein–protein interactions between USP13, USP15 and USP30 and ubiquitin/Parkin."
USP15 affects UBE2E3
2 |
2 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
USP15 affects UBE2E2
2 |
2 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
USP15 affects U4 snRNP
| 2
USP15 deubiquitinates U4 snRNP. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"USP15 in complex with SART3 and USP4 has been shown to play an important role in mRNA splicing by deubiquitinating PRP31, a component of U4 snRNP ( Das et al., 2017 )."

reach
"In addition, the other study reports that USP4, the USP15 homolog, binds to Tip110 and deubiquitinates Prp3, component of the U4 snRNP, during the spilceosome cycle ( Song et al., 2010 )."
USP15 affects Th17 differentiation
| 1
USP15 activates Th17 differentiation. 1 / 2
| 1

eidos
"We previously revealed that USP15 promotes Th17 differentiation through removing a ubiquitin chain conjugated to Lys446 of RORgammat which prevents the recruitment of SRC116 ."
USP15 affects Th1 Cells
| 2
| 2

reach
"Loss of USP15 promoted Th1 differentiation, but this phenomenon was not observed in CD8 T cells, as explained by the relatively low expression of MDM2 in CD8 T cells."

reach
"USP15 inhibits Th1 differentiation in vitro and in vivo in a L. monocytogenes infection model through deconjugating MDM2-mediated ubiquitination of NFATc2 [107] ."
USP15 affects TRIM27
2 |
2 |

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USP15 affects TRAF6
2 |
2 |

No evidence text available

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USP15 affects TNBC
| 2
USP15 inhibits TNBC. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"As shown in Fig. 8 j-l, USP15 enhanced the inhibition of TNBC progression by the anti-PD-1 antibody."

reach
"Overexpression of USP15 increased VGLL4 protein level by inhibiting protein degradation, whereas the depletion of USP15 resulted in VGLL4 degradation and thus enhanced tumorigenesis and progression of[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
USP15 affects TGFB1
| 1
USP15 activates TGFB1. 1 / 2
| 1

reach
"Three examples of deubiquitinating enzymes for TbetaR-I are ubiquitin specific peptidase-4 (USP4), -11 (USP11) and -15 (USP15), all of which antagonize the effect of SMAD7 and strongly induce TGF-beta1 signalling [XREF_BIBR]."
USP15 affects TGF-β/Smad
| 2
USP15 activates TGF-β/Smad. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"In addition, there is a fundamental difference in wound healing between mice and humans, as contraction is the primary mechanism for murine skin repair, 33 and further studies could explore the clinic[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"We hypothesized that USP15 deubiquitinated TGF-β receptor I to enhances TGF-β/Smad signaling, which in turn up-regulated USP15, leading to enhancement of the proliferation, migration, invasion, and collagen deposition of hypertrophic scar–derived fibroblasts in vitro."
USP15 affects TGF-β/SMAD2
| 2
USP15 inhibits TGF-β/SMAD2. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"It is noteworthy that we have reviewed the literature and found that USP15 inhibits the progression of OA by stimulating TGF-β/SMAD2 signaling and chondrocyte phenotype [18]."

reach
"Overall, USP15 suppressed osteoarthritis progression via targeting ERK and TGF-β/SMAD2 signaling (104)."
USP15 affects TAB2
2 |
2 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
USP15 affects STK33
2 |
2 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
USP15 affects SPDL1
2 |
2 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
USP15 affects SPAG9
2 |
2 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
USP15 affects SMYD3
| 2
| 2

sparser
"We demonstrated that USP15 interacts with SMYD3 and upregulates its expression through deubiquitination."

sparser
"Co-immunoprecipitation assays confirmed the interaction between endogenously expressed USP15 and SMYD3 in HCT15 and CMT93 cells ( xref and xref ), with IF staining showing predominant cytoplasmic co-localization ( xref )."
USP15 affects SEV-induced phosphorylation NF-kappaB subunit p65 IRF3
| 2
USP15 inhibits SEV-induced phosphorylation NF-kappaB subunit p65 IRF3. 2 / 2
| 2

eidos
"( f ) USP15 inhibited SEV-induced phosphorylation of NF-kappaB subunit p65 and IRF3 ."

eidos
"To further confirm the results , SEV-induced phosphorylation of NF-kappaB subunit p65 and IRF3 were enhanced by the knockdown of USP15 ( Fig. 1g ) ."
USP15 affects SEM1
2 |
2 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
USP15 affects RUNX1
| 1 1
| 1 1

sparser
"ChIP experiments demonstrated that RUNX1 strongly binds to the promoter of USP15 ( xref , P < 0.01 vs IgG)."

reach
"The JASPAR database (https://jaspar.elixir.no/) shows that RUNX1, as a transcription factor, can directly bind to USP15, and the binding motif is displayed in Figure 4C."
USP15 affects RPL10A
2 |
2 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
USP15 affects RNF19B
2 |
2 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
USP15 affects RMDN3
2 |
2 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
USP15 affects RHPN1
2 |
2 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
USP15 affects PSMD6
2 |
2 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
USP15 affects PSMD12
1 | 1
1 | 1

sparser
"Modeling of the USP15-Rpn5 complex shows that USP15 saddles onto the N-terminal helical repeats of Rpn5 PCI domain, supporting the observed cross-link between residue K363 in the D1 section of Usp15 and residue K98 in Rpn5."

No evidence text available
USP15 affects PPIH
2 |
2 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
USP15 affects PLIN1
| 2
USP15 increases the amount of PLIN1. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"An increase in USP15 increased the level of FABP4 or Perilipin1 in a dose-dependent manner (Fig. 3a and Supplementary Fig. 5)."

reach
"In concert with the USP15-mediated deubiquitination assays, the overexpression of USP15 WT significantly increased the total protein levels of FABP4 or Perilipin1, whereas USP15 C298A exhibited a severe reduction in the protein levels (Fig. 4d, e and Supplementary Fig. 10)."
USP15 affects PHB2
2 |
2 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
| 2

sparser
"Finally, the co‐immunoprecipitation (Co‐IP) assay was performed to determine the interaction between FKBP5 and USP15 in degenerative NP cells."

sparser
"Our results demonstrated that there was a stronger interaction between FKBP5 and USP15 in degenerative NP cells (Figure  xref )."
USP15 affects NASH
| 2
USP15 activates NASH. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"These data may be direct evidence that the deubiquitinating function of USP15 on FABPs and perilipins could enhance NAFLD/NASH."

reach
"Hepatocyte deletion of USP15 suppresses liver steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in mouse models of NASH."
USP15 affects MYH10
2 |
2 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
USP15 affects MMP3
| 2
USP15 increases the amount of MMP3. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"USP15 knockdown significantly reduced the proliferation and invasion of NSCLC cells by downregulating the expression of MMP3 and MMP9."

reach
"Western blotting results showed that the knockdown of USP15 significantly decreased the expression of MMP3 and MMP9 in NSCLC cells compared to negative control ( Fig. 4 A and 4 B)."
USP15 affects MEK
| 1
USP15 inhibits MEK. 1 / 2
| 1

reach
"In summary, despite markedly reducing BRAP protein levels, USP15 depletion does not promote but rather inhibits MEK activation in response to EGF."
USP15 affects MAVS
| 1
USP15 inhibits MAVS. 1 / 2
| 1

reach
"During human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, the E6 oncoprotein interacts with TRIM25 and ubiquitin-specific peptidase 15 (USP15), which enhances TRIM25 degradation and subsequently inhibits RLR/MAVS signaling."
USP15 affects MAP3K7
2 |
2 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
USP15 affects LUBAC-dependent TRIM25
| 2
USP15 inhibits LUBAC-dependent TRIM25. 2 / 2
| 2

eidos
"Ubiquitin specific protease 15 ( USP15 ) prevents LUBAC-dependent degradation of TRIM25 which also promotes RIG-I signaling pathways [ 151 ] ."
| PMC

eidos
"In contrast , USP15 deubiquitylates TRIM25 , preventing the LUBAC-dependent degradation of TRIM25 [ 77 ] ."
USP15 affects LSM8
2 |
2 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
USP15 affects LSM2
2 |
2 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
USP15 affects L-glutamine
| 2
| 2

reach
"However, changes in expression of Usp15 did not modulate toxicity of a model polyglutamine protein in cell culture."

reach
"Despite increasing aggregation, overexpression of Usp15 did not increase toxicity of the expanded polyglutamine protein."
USP15 affects KPNA2
2 |
2 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
USP15 affects Imatinib resistance cells
| 2
USP15 inhibits Imatinib resistance cells. 2 / 2
| 2

eidos
"Downregulation of USP15 contributes to Imatinib resistance of CML cells Because previously studies have reported that dysregulation of USP15 could result in paclitaxel resistance in HeLa cells [ 9 ] , we wanted to investigate whether USP15 downregulation is associated with CML Imatinib resistance ."

eidos
"Downregulation of USP15 contributes to Imatinib resistance of CML cells ."
USP15 affects ISRE-Luc
| 1 1
USP15 inhibits ISRE-Luc. 2 / 2
| 1 1

reach
"In addition, USP15 dose-dependently inhibited RIG-I-N-triggered IFN-beta-Luc, ISRE-Luc, NF-kappaB-Luc, and IRF3-Luc reporter activities."

eidos
"In addition , USP15 dose-dependently inhibited RIG-I-N-triggered IFN-beta-Luc , ISRE-Luc , NF-kappaB-Luc , and IRF3-Luc reporter activities ( Supplementary Fig. S3 ) ."
USP15 affects ISG
| 2
USP15 decreases the amount of ISG. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"Similarly, overexpression of USP15 also repressed the type I IFN responses (Fig. 4D and E) and ISG expression (Fig. 4F) in the presence of SeV."

reach
"As expected, knockdown of USP15 enhanced the type I IFN responses (Fig. 4I) and ISG expression (Fig. 4J), thereby inhibiting HEV replication (Fig. 4K)."
USP15 affects INA
| 2
USP15 inhibits INA. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"These data indicated that the molecular control of USP15-mediated degradation of NEFL and INA was a posttranslational mechanism and that USP15 may control their ubiquitylation status and subsequent degradation by the proteasome."

reach
"In line with the results observed in 293FT cell lines (Fig. 1H), USP15-depleted SH-SY5Y cells increased ubiquitylated forms of NEFL and INA (SI Appendix, Fig. S2B)."
USP15 affects IL6
| 2
USP15 activates IL6. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"Importantly, Hrd1 deficiency in macrophages protects mice against lipopolysaccharide induced septic shock, and knockdown of Usp15 in Hrd1-knockout macrophages restores the reduced IL-6 production."

reach
"Mechanistically, we find that USP15 functions in a haploinsufficient manner and that loss of USP15 or SCAF1 leads to reduced inflammatory TNFalpha, TGF-beta and IL6 responses and increased sensitivity to PARP inhibition and Gemcitabine."
USP15 affects HAPSTR1
2 |
2 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
USP15 affects H2BC21
2 |
2 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
USP15 bound to PARP1 activates Genomic Instability. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"For example, the deubiquitinase USP15 interacts with and deubiquitinates PARP1, promoting its stability and thereby stimulating DNA repair, genomic stability, and the proliferation of triple‐negative breast cancer cells."

reach
"Here, we demonstrated that the deubiquitinase USP15 interacts with and deubiquitinates PARP1 to promote its stability, thereby stimulating DNA repair, genomic stability and TNBC cell proliferation."
USP15 affects Fibrosis
| 2
| 2

reach
"Hepatocyte deletion of USP15 suppresses liver steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in mouse models of NASH."

reach
"Researchers discovered that The expression of the deubiquitinating enzyme USP15 is upregulated in the livers of HFD-fed mice and in liver biopsy tissues from patients with NAFLD or NASH, whereas hepatocyte deletion of USP15 suppresses hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in a mouse model of NASH (133)."
USP15 affects ECHS1
2 |
2 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
| 2

reach
"USP15 modulates HMGB1 stability in a DUB-dependent manner."

reach
"We further determined that USP15 promoted PASMC proliferation and migration in a YAP1/TAZ-dependent manner, which suggests that USP15 might be a vital regulator of PH.USP15 is an essential DUB that functions by removing ubiquitin chains from its target proteins."
USP15 affects DNA repair
| 2
USP15 bound to PARP1 activates DNA repair. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"For example, the deubiquitinase USP15 interacts with and deubiquitinates PARP1, promoting its stability and thereby stimulating DNA repair, genomic stability, and the proliferation of triple‐negative breast cancer cells."

reach
"Here, we demonstrated that the deubiquitinase USP15 interacts with and deubiquitinates PARP1 to promote its stability, thereby stimulating DNA repair, genomic stability and TNBC cell proliferation."
USP15 affects DEPDC1B
| 2
| 2

sparser
"Initially, we sought to establish the direct interaction between endogenous BRCC3 and USP15 in J82 cells through Co-IP experiments."

sparser
"Subsequently, to assess the interaction between USP15 and BRCC3, we conducted meticulous Co-IP experiments, conclusively demonstrating direct binding between the two proteins."
USP15 affects CYCS
| 2
USP15 decreases the amount of CYCS. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"Moreover, KD of Rab5A, Rab5C and USP15 reduced cytochrome c release, including from BAX+ mitochondria, while Rabex-5 KD impaired both cytochrome c release and mitochondrial BAX accumulation (Figures 7P and 7Q)."

reach
"Remarkably, USP15 KD led to significantly reduced cytochrome c release following treatment with STS or TNFα/AcD, in the presence of zVAD (Figures 5D–5F)."
USP15 affects CXCL12
| 2
USP15 increases the amount of CXCL12. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"The tumor of the Usp15 -/- chimeric mice had upregulated expression of PD-L1 and CXCL12 (XREF_FIG)."

reach
"Excessive IFN-gamma production in USP15 deficient mice promotes expression of the immunosuppressive molecule PD-L1 and the chemokine CXCL12, causing accumulation of T-bet + regulatory T cells and CD11b + Gr-1 + myeloid derived suppressor cells at tumor site."
USP15 affects CUL4B
2 |
2 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
USP15 affects CRMP1
| 2
| 2

sparser
"USP15 interacts with Drp1 and regulates the ubiquitination level of Drp1 to stabilize and increase Drp1 protein levels."

sparser
"We found that in PAECs, in the absence of FUNDC1, USP15 directly binds to Drp1 and inhibits its degradation via ubiquitination."
USP15 affects CDH2
| 2
USP15 activates CDH2. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"In addition, knockdown of USP15 upregulated E-cadherin and downregulated N-cadherin and vimentin (Figure 2F)."

reach
"Western blotting analysis showed that overexpression of USP15 upregulated vimentin and N-cadherin but downregulated E-cadherin (Figure 3F)."
USP15 affects CDC73
2 |
2 |

No evidence text available

No evidence text available
USP15 affects CD44
| 2
USP15 increases the amount of CD44. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"Furthermore, silence of USP15 or PRPF19 in ABHD11-AS1-overexpressing HCC15 cells also reduced CD44, CD44v6, total and active β-catenin levels, and these effects were partially reversed by CD44v6 overexpression (Fig. 8d)."

reach
"In addition, knockdown of USP15 or PRPF19 drastically decreased CD44, CD44v6, total and active β-catenin levels in A549 cells."
USP15 affects BRCC3
| 2
| 2

reach
"Subsequently, through a series of comprehensive gain and loss-of-function experiments, we have reaffirmed the positive correlation between BRCC3 protein expression and USP15, confirming the pivotal role of USP15 in modulating the multiplication, invasiveness, and migration of bladder cancer by regulating BRCC3 expression.Subsequently, to assess the interaction between USP15 and BRCC3, we conducted meticulous Co-IP experiments, conclusively demonstrating direct binding between the two proteins."

reach
"Initially, we sought to establish the direct interaction between endogenous BRCC3 and USP15 in J82 cells through Co-IP experiments."
USP15 affects BMPR1B
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No evidence text available

reach
"Additionally, the alteration frequency of USP15 in TCGA-LUAD data showed an increased USP15 expression that contributes to lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) development."

eidos
"The increased USP15 expression contributes to the lung adenocarcinoma ( LUAD ) development and shows significantly lower disease-specific survival of patients with USP15 alteration ."
USP15 affects AKT
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USP15 inhibits AKT. 2 / 2
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reach
"Conversely, Yu et al. showed that USP15 negatively regulates AKT in degenerative nucleus pulposus tissue [42], a finding corroborated by Ren et al., who reported similar negative regulation of AKT by USP15 in hepatocellular carcinoma [43]."

reach
"USP15 promotes the apoptosis of degenerative nucleus pulposus cells by suppressing the PI3K and AKT signalling pathway."
USP15 affects AKAP7
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No evidence text available

No evidence text available
USP15 affects ADSL
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No evidence text available

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reach
"Furthermore, USP15 loss increases IFN-γ production in methylcholantrene (MCA)-induced fibrosarcomas mouse model, and this increased susceptibility is associated with an overabundance of Treg cells and suppressor cells in TME [151]."

reach
"T cell intrinsic USP15 deficiency promotes excessive IFN-gamma production and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in MCA induced fibrosarcoma."
USP13 affects USP15
| 1 1
| 1 1

sparser
"Furthermore, CRAF protein stability is maintained by physical interaction with USP13, USP15 and inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) at the post-translational level [ xref – xref ]."

reach
"We next evaluated protein–protein interactions between USP13, USP15 and USP30 and ubiquitin/Parkin."
UBE2E3 affects USP15
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UBE2E2 affects USP15
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TRIM27 affects USP15
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TRAF6 affects USP15
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TP53 affects MDM2
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USP15 binds TP53 and MDM2. 2 / 2
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sparser
"These results suggest that USP15 physically interacts with MDM2 in a p53-independent manner."

sparser
"Although MDM2 and p53 interact with the different regions of USP15, USP15/p53/MDM2 cannot form a ternary complex."
TGFBR affects USP15
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reach
"USP15 binds to the SMAD7-SMAD specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2 (SMURF2) complex and deubiquitinates and stabilizes type I TGF-beta receptor (TbetaR-I), leading to an enhanced TGF-beta signal."

reach
"USP15 binds to the SMAD7–SMAD E3 ligase complex and deubiquitinates and stabilizes the type I TGF-β receptor (TGFβR-I), leading to an enhanced TGF-β signal."
TAB3 affects USP15
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TAB2 affects USP15
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Subquinocin affects USP15
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Subquinocin inhibits USP15. 2 / 2
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reach
"The AlphaScreen assay indicated that Subquinocin inhibits the DUB activities of USP5 and USP15, but not that of OTULIN at the concentrations tested ( Fig. 1 G and Supplementary Fig. 2C )."

reach
"Furthermore, we tested whether Subquinocin inhibits the DUB activities of USP5, USP15, and OTULIN, which reportedly hydrolyze the M1-linked polyubiquitin chain [ 8 , 11 ]."
STK33 affects USP15
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No evidence text available

No evidence text available
SPDL1 affects USP15
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No evidence text available

No evidence text available
SPAG9 affects USP15
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No evidence text available

No evidence text available
SMYD3 affects USP15
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| 2

sparser
"We demonstrated that USP15 interacts with SMYD3 and upregulates its expression through deubiquitination."

sparser
"Co-immunoprecipitation assays confirmed the interaction between endogenously expressed USP15 and SMYD3 in HCT15 and CMT93 cells ( xref and xref ), with IF staining showing predominant cytoplasmic co-localization ( xref )."
| 1 1
| 1 1

sparser
"For example, the binding of USP15 to the SMAD7-specific E3 ubiquitin ligase 2 (SMURF2) complex results in the deubiquitination and stabilization of TGF-β receptor 1 (TβRI) and promotes TGF-β activity."

reach
"USP15 binds to the SMAD7–SMAD-specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2 (SMURF2) complex, and deubiquitylates and stabilizes the type I TGFβ receptor, leading to enhanced TGFβ signalling."
SMAD1 affects USP15
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No evidence text available
SEM1 affects USP15
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No evidence text available

No evidence text available
RPL10A affects USP15
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No evidence text available

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RNF19B affects USP15
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No evidence text available

No evidence text available
RMDN3 affects USP15
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No evidence text available

No evidence text available
RHPN1 affects USP15
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RAF1 affects USP15
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RAF1 increases the amount of USP15. 2 / 2
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reach
"Instead, our data show a marked decrease of CRAF mRNA levels in USP15 depleted cells, suggesting that USP15 may regulate CRAF transcription."

reach
"However, we were unable to observe an effect of USP15 depletion on luciferase transcription driven from a previously described CRAF-promoter, although we can not fully exclude that USP15 may regulate CRAF transcription via an upstream or downstream element not contained in this 1.2-kb promoter construct."
Proteasome affects USP15
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reach
"Ubp6/USP15 is tightly bound to the proteasome at high (close-to stoichiometric) abundance and participates in recycling of Ubiquitin [54,71,74] ."

sparser
"Although there is a report revealing that USP15 may be associated with the 26S proteasome during substrate degradation [ xref ], the functional details need further study."
PSMD6 affects USP15
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PSMD12 affects USP15
1 | 1
1 | 1

sparser
"Modeling of the USP15-Rpn5 complex shows that USP15 saddles onto the N-terminal helical repeats of Rpn5 PCI domain, supporting the observed cross-link between residue K363 in the D1 section of Usp15 and residue K98 in Rpn5."

No evidence text available
PRP-Exos affects USP15
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PRP-Exos activates USP15. 2 / 2
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reach
"PRP-Exos Promotes HaCaT Cell Migration and Proliferation in a USP15 Dependent Manner."

reach
"Western blotting indicated that USP15 levels were highest for HaCaT cells treated with PRP-Exos (XREF_FIG)."
PR-619 affects USP15
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PR-619 decreases the amount of USP15. 2 / 2
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reach
"In this study, PR-619 decreased USP15 expression on RGCs under glutamate excitotoxicity."

reach
"PR-619 prevented RGCs from death, improved mitochondrial health, reduced Bax and USP15 expressions, enhanced parkin and Bcl-2 expressions, and restored mitophagy functions in experimental glaucoma rats and a glutamate-induced excitotoxicity model."
PPIH affects USP15
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No evidence text available
PHB2 affects USP15
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PGR affects USP15
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PGR inhibits USP15. 2 / 2
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reach
"Loss of the receptors ER, PR and HER2 promotes USP15-dependent stabilization of PARP1 in triple-negative breast cancer."

sparser
"Therefore, we selected a broad-spectrum inhibitor, PR619, which currently inhibits USP15, for consideration."
PCGF1 affects USP15
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PCGF1 activates USP15. 2 / 2
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reach
"Unsurprisingly, the silencing of PCGF1 abrogated the oncogenesis role of USP-15 in HT29 cells ( Fig. 9 e–g)."

reach
"These data implied that TFAP4 transcriptionally upregulated the PCGF1 expression.We further investigate whether TFAP4 mediated the pro-tumor effects of USP-15."
| 2

sparser
"Finally, the co‐immunoprecipitation (Co‐IP) assay was performed to determine the interaction between FKBP5 and USP15 in degenerative NP cells."

sparser
"Our results demonstrated that there was a stronger interaction between FKBP5 and USP15 in degenerative NP cells (Figure  xref )."
NFKBIA affects USP15
| 1
| 1

sparser
"In contrary, another study found no interaction between USP15 and IκBα, and it was proposed that USP11 inhibits the ubiquitination and degradation of IκBα in the early stage while USP15 functions at a later time point in the TNFα-induced NF-κB activation xref ."
MicroRNAs affects USP15
| 1 1
| 1 1

reach
"Luciferase reporter assays further demonstrated that miR‐3133 mimics markedly decreased the luciferase activity of SPIN1 and USP15 3′‐UTR plasmids in AGS and HCT‐116 cells, but not that of SPIN1 and USP15 Mut‐3′‐UTR (Figure 5H)."

eidos
"USP15 is a direct target of miR-202-5p Because we found that USP15 downregulation led to decreased apoptosis in CML cells by lowering the level of Caspase-6 protein , we sought to know whether the expression of USP15 is suppressed in CML cells by a microRNA that targets 3 ' - untranslated region ( 3 ' - UTR ) of USP15 mRNA ."
MYOD1 affects USP15
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MYOD1 decreases the amount of USP15. 2 / 2
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No evidence text available

No evidence text available
MYH10 affects USP15
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No evidence text available

No evidence text available
MEIS1 affects USP15
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MEIS1 decreases the amount of USP15. 2 / 2
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No evidence text available

No evidence text available
MDM2 affects TP53, and USP15
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USP15 binds TP53 and MDM2. 2 / 2
| 2

sparser
"These results suggest that USP15 physically interacts with MDM2 in a p53-independent manner."

sparser
"Although MDM2 and p53 interact with the different regions of USP15, USP15/p53/MDM2 cannot form a ternary complex."
MAP3K7 affects USP15
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No evidence text available

No evidence text available
LSM8 affects USP15
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No evidence text available

No evidence text available
LSM2 affects USP15
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No evidence text available

No evidence text available
KPNA2 affects USP15
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No evidence text available

No evidence text available
Interferon affects USP15
| 2
| 2

reach
"Together, these results suggest that USP15 is not induced by IFN or viral infection, but instead is recruited to TRIM25 upon viral infection."

reach
"In contrast to these host- or virus encoded DUBs that inhibit RIG-I signaling, our study identifies USP15 as a positive regulator of the TRIM25-RIG-I signaling pathway, which is required for a sustained, IFN mediated antiviral response."
Hypoxia affects USP15
| 2
Hypoxia decreases the amount of USP15. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"3.1 Hypoxia induces miR-100 expression but also downregulates USP15 expression."

reach
"To determine whether the reduction of USP15 protein expression by hypoxia is mediated by miR-100, HeLa and SiHa cells were transfected with pLightSwitch_3′UTR-USP15 and then exposed to the hypoxic condition of 1 % O for 24 h."
HOXA3 affects USP15
| 1 1
HOXA3 activates USP15. 2 / 2
| 1 1

sparser
"HOXA3 activates USP15 to suppress autophagy and promote M2-type macrophage polarization in renal cell carcinoma via facilitating the deubiquitination of SQSTM1."

reach
"HOXA3 activates USP15 to suppress autophagy and promote M2-type macrophage polarization in renal cell carcinoma via facilitating the deubiquitination of SQSTM1."
HAPSTR1 affects USP15
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No evidence text available

No evidence text available
H2BC21 affects USP15
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No evidence text available

No evidence text available
| 2

sparser
"Finally, the co‐immunoprecipitation (Co‐IP) assay was performed to determine the interaction between FKBP5 and USP15 in degenerative NP cells."

sparser
"Our results demonstrated that there was a stronger interaction between FKBP5 and USP15 in degenerative NP cells (Figure  xref )."
ERK affects USP15
| 2
ERK increases the amount of USP15. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"overexpression of C-Raf and activation of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway cause overexpression of USP15 expression, leading to cell proliferation and migration (87).3.2 Regulation of p38, JNK by ubiquitination."

reach
"Comparably, pharmacological inhibition of BRAF or ERK1/2 also significantly down-regulated USP15 expressions in BRAF -mutated human thyroid cancer cells (Fig. 4b and Supplementary Fig. 3a)."
ECHS1 affects USP15
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No evidence text available

No evidence text available
E3_Ub_ligase affects SMAD7, and USP15
| 1 1
| 1 1

sparser
"For example, the binding of USP15 to the SMAD7-specific E3 ubiquitin ligase 2 (SMURF2) complex results in the deubiquitination and stabilization of TGF-β receptor 1 (TβRI) and promotes TGF-β activity."

reach
"USP15 binds to the SMAD7–SMAD-specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2 (SMURF2) complex, and deubiquitylates and stabilizes the type I TGFβ receptor, leading to enhanced TGFβ signalling."
DEPDC1B affects USP15
| 2
| 2

sparser
"Initially, we sought to establish the direct interaction between endogenous BRCC3 and USP15 in J82 cells through Co-IP experiments."

sparser
"Subsequently, to assess the interaction between USP15 and BRCC3, we conducted meticulous Co-IP experiments, conclusively demonstrating direct binding between the two proteins."
DEK affects USP15
1 | 1
1 | 1

No evidence text available

reach
"Additionally, KIF15 recruits and promoted the binding between USP15 and DEK, facilitating the proliferation of leiomyosarcoma cells by preventing DEK degradation [46]."
CUL4B affects USP15
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No evidence text available

No evidence text available
CRMP1 affects USP15
| 2
| 2

sparser
"USP15 interacts with Drp1 and regulates the ubiquitination level of Drp1 to stabilize and increase Drp1 protein levels."

sparser
"We found that in PAECs, in the absence of FUNDC1, USP15 directly binds to Drp1 and inhibits its degradation via ubiquitination."
CDK affects USP15
| 1 1
CDK phosphorylates USP15. 2 / 2
| 1 1

reach
"Therefore, these results suggest that phosphorylation of USP15 and USP4 by CDKs may regulate the interaction with SART3, thereby controlling the deubiquitinating activity toward PRP31 and PRP3 in the [MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

sparser
"Therefore, these results suggest that phosphorylation of USP15 and USP4 by CDKs may regulate the interaction with SART3, thereby controlling the deubiquitinating activity toward PRP31 and PRP3 in the [MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"
CDC73 affects USP15
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No evidence text available

No evidence text available
CD274 affects USP15
| 2
CD274 inhibits USP15. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"To establish that USP15 suppresses PD-L1 expression through the VGLL4-STAT3 axis, VGLL4 was silenced in USP15 knocked down and overexpressed TNBC cells, nullifying the negative regulatory effect of US[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

reach
"The PD-L1 antibody significantly reduced the incidence of MCA induced tumors in both wildtype and Usp15 -/- mice (XREF_FIG and XREF_SUPPLEMENTARY)."
BRCC3 affects USP15
| 2
| 2

reach
"Subsequently, through a series of comprehensive gain and loss-of-function experiments, we have reaffirmed the positive correlation between BRCC3 protein expression and USP15, confirming the pivotal role of USP15 in modulating the multiplication, invasiveness, and migration of bladder cancer by regulating BRCC3 expression.Subsequently, to assess the interaction between USP15 and BRCC3, we conducted meticulous Co-IP experiments, conclusively demonstrating direct binding between the two proteins."

reach
"Initially, we sought to establish the direct interaction between endogenous BRCC3 and USP15 in J82 cells through Co-IP experiments."
BRAF affects USP15
| 2
BRAF increases the amount of USP15. 2 / 2
| 2

reach
"Comparably, pharmacological inhibition of BRAF or ERK1/2 also significantly down-regulated USP15 expressions in BRAF -mutated human thyroid cancer cells (Fig. 4b and Supplementary Fig. 3a)."

reach
"Together, USP15, downstream of activated BRAF/MAPK pathway, functions as the proteostatic controller of TBX3 and determines the ultimate abundance.Remarkably, induction of Usp15 expression by BRAF/MAPK could be instant and dramatic, so that its level was augmented in E16.5 embryonic thyroid from mPTC mice compared to that from wild-type mice (Fig. 4f and Supplementary Fig. 3c)."
BMPR1B affects USP15
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No evidence text available
AKAP7 affects USP15
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No evidence text available

No evidence text available
ADSL affects USP15
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No evidence text available

No evidence text available