IndraLab
Statements
sparser
"The binding of α-MSH to MC1R receptors triggers multiple signal transduction cascades, primarily dependent on elevated intracellular cAMP ( xref ), resulting in the activation of a large number of genes ( xref ) which together regulate several aspects of melanocyte biology such as proliferation, melanogenesis ( xref ) and cell-cycle control ( xref )."
sparser
"The functional relevance of the interaction between USP8, AMSH, and STAM in the endocytic trafficking of activated growth factors is supported by other observations, including that catalytically inactive AMSH, a potential “substrate trap” mutant, resulted in the accumulation of ubiquitin on endosomes, an increased association with STAM, and the generation of a minor product consistent with ubiquitylated STAM ( xref )."
reach
"To probe this, we used a combination of biophysical techniques and biochemical assays to assess three individual events : (1) AMSH recruitment to STAM via the SH3 domain and a longer STAM segment in which the UIM is fused to the SH3 domain (UIM-SH3), (2) ubiquitin binding to UIM-SH3, and finally, (3) the ternary complex of the catalytic domain of AMSH, UIM-SH3, and Lys63 linked diubiquitin."
sparser
"The functional relevance of the interaction between USP8, AMSH, and STAM in the endocytic trafficking of activated growth factors is supported by other observations, including that catalytically inactive AMSH, a potential “substrate trap” mutant, resulted in the accumulation of ubiquitin on endosomes, an increased association with STAM, and the generation of a minor product consistent with ubiquitylated STAM ( xref )."
reach
"To probe this, we used a combination of biophysical techniques and biochemical assays to assess three individual events : (1) AMSH recruitment to STAM via the SH3 domain and a longer STAM segment in which the UIM is fused to the SH3 domain (UIM-SH3), (2) ubiquitin binding to UIM-SH3, and finally, (3) the ternary complex of the catalytic domain of AMSH, UIM-SH3, and Lys63 linked diubiquitin."
reach
"The gene encoding AMSH (associated molecule with a Src homology 3 domain), a deubiquitinating enzyme, was up-regulated as well as, three genes involved in the ESCRT pathway, ESCRT-0 (STAM (signal transducing adaptor molecule)) and ESCRT-III (CHMP (charged multivesicular body proteins) 2 and 4)."
sparser
"The binding of α-MSH to MC1R receptors triggers multiple signal transduction cascades, primarily dependent on elevated intracellular cAMP ( xref ), resulting in the activation of a large number of genes ( xref ) which together regulate several aspects of melanocyte biology such as proliferation, melanogenesis ( xref ) and cell-cycle control ( xref )."
sparser
"The MIM 1 sequence motif responsible for VPS4 interaction [ xref ] overlaps with the CHMP3-AMSH binding site and superpositioning of the VPS4A-CHMP1B and VPS4B-CHMP2A structures with AMSH-CHMP3 demonstrates the overlap of the binding motifs, which prohibits simultaneous binding of AMSH and VPS4 to CHMP3."
Pal affects STAMBP
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69
sparser
"As seen in(Supporting Information) and xref a, at only 20 μM concentration, i.e.,
∼1.7 × MIC, Pal-α-MSH(11-13) was able to completely
inhibit the formation of any biomass in the case of MSSA, and for
MRSA, it reduced the biomass by 98.37 ± 0.76% as compared to
the untreated control biofilm, and this was comparable to the effect
of vancomycin."
sparser
"Next, we tried to determine
the detrimental effects of Pal-α-MSH(6-13) and Pal-α-MSH(11-13)
on the surface integrity of stationary phase S. aureus cells via scanning electron microscopy (SEM,in the Supporting Information and xref a) and transmission electron
microscopy (TEM,in the Supporting
Information and xref b)."
sparser
"The membrane disrupting capabilities of these
two peptides were further corroborated by electron microscopy data,
which also showed the highly compromised integrity of the bacterial
membrane leading to the leakage of the intracellular content in the
presence of Pal-α-MSH(6-13) and Pal-α-MSH(11-13) (in the Supporting Information and xref )."
sparser
"The MIM 1 sequence motif responsible for VPS4 interaction [ xref ] overlaps with the CHMP3-AMSH binding site and superpositioning of the VPS4A-CHMP1B and VPS4B-CHMP2A structures with AMSH-CHMP3 demonstrates the overlap of the binding motifs, which prohibits simultaneous binding of AMSH and VPS4 to CHMP3."
sparser
"α-melanocortin-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), a post-translational product of the POMC gene, binds to the melanocortin receptor 4 (MC4R) and triggers an anorectic signal in the hypothalamus, while AgRP (an inverse agonist of MC4R) prevents α-MSH binding to MC4R. Chronic Rb1 treatment significantly increased POMC and inhibited AgRP mRNA expression in high-fat diet fed mice, implying that Rb1 exerts its anorexigenic action at least partially by targeting the melanocortin system, the POMC and AgRP neurons."
sparser
"Monosomy 1p36 has also been associated with obesity and hyperphagia in a PW negative cohort. xref Individuals with loss of function mutations of the leptin ( LEP ) gene on chromosome 7q31.3, or its receptor ( LEPR ) also display abnormal eating behavior and develop early-onset morbid obesity. xref – xref Leptin replacement can improve satiety and promote weight loss in leptin deficient individuals. xref Leptin promotes α-melanocyte stimulating hormone(α-MSH) synthesis which promotes satiety. xref α-MSH is bound by the melanocortin 4 receptor (MCR4) protein."
sparser
"MC3R and MC4R both can bind to ACTH or α-MSH with high affinity, but evidence suggests that they are not redundant in regulating food intake behavior and energy homeostasis such as hunger and satiety signaling, because the MC4R receptor knockout mice manifest hyperphagia, obesity, insulin resistance, and increased linear growth while the MC3R receptor knockout animals are not hyperphagic but still obese xref , xref ."
sparser
"The neuropeptide Y (NPY) neurons, on the other hand, release NPY hormone and agouti gene-related protein (AgRP), which prevent the binding of α-MSH to MC3R and MC4R, increasing food intake. xref Whole animal studies in ovariectomized rats have reported that a significant reduction in food intake by E2 treatment compared to oil treatment was not detected after administration of the melanocortin receptor antagonist SHU919."
reach
"Of interest, if synaptic plasticity is the primary means by which aMSH activates PVH MC4R neurons and causes satiety, then it would explain why alphaMSH and MC4R signaling is so necessary on the one hand, and why alphaMSH release by ARC POMC neurons is generally so insufficient on the other hand."
reach
"AMSH was shown to deubiquitylate in vitro EGFR immunoprecipitated from EGF stimulated cells [XREF_BIBR], and siRNA knockdown of AMSH resulted in accelerated EGFR degradation in HeLa cells, which suggests that AMSH dependent deubiquitylation of EGFR counteracts Cbl dependent ubiquitylation of the receptor [XREF_BIBR]."
"AMSH (associated molecule with the SH3 domain of STAM) expression is elevated in many cancers and is capable of hydrolyzing K63-linked Ub chains from epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) recycling it to the plasma membrane"
STAMBP deubiquitinates EGFR phosphorylated on Y1172, Y1110, K867, K754, K929, Y1092, Y1016, K716, Y1197, K970, and Y1069 on K737. 2 / 2
2
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STAMBP deubiquitinates EGFR phosphorylated on Y1172, Y1110, K867, K737, K754, K929, Y1092, Y1016, Y1197, K970, and Y1069 on K716. 2 / 2
2
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STAMBP deubiquitinates EGFR phosphorylated on Y1172, Y1110, K867, K737, K929, Y1092, Y1016, K716, Y1197, K970, and Y1069 on K754. 2 / 2
2
|
STAMBP deubiquitinates EGFR phosphorylated on Y1172, Y1110, K867, K737, K754, Y1092, Y1016, K716, Y1197, K970, and Y1069 on K929. 2 / 2
2
|
STAMBP deubiquitinates EGFR phosphorylated on Y1172, Y1110, K867, K737, K754, K929, Y1092, Y1016, K716, Y1197, and Y1069 on K970. 2 / 2
2
|
STAMBP deubiquitinates EGFR phosphorylated on Y1172, Y1110, K737, K754, K929, Y1092, Y1016, K716, Y1197, K970, and Y1069 on K867. 2 / 2
2
|
reach
"Similarly, endosomal deubiquitinase AMSH (Associated Molecule with the SH3-domain of STAM) has been shown to antagonize the ubiquitin dependent lysosomal degradation of EGFR by trimming the K63 linked ubiquitin chains [XREF_BIBR] while other studies have shown this DUB to be required for MVB dependent EGFR degradation [XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR]."
STAMBP is modified
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39
STAMBP is acetylated.
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26
sparser
"Here we measure three forms of α-MSH from mouse pituitary: deacetylated α-MSH 1–13 , acetylated α-MSH 1–13 and α-MSH 1–12 , a truncated form which results from the activity of serine proteases, in PREP-GT mice and demonstrate a highly sensitive and specific method to quantitate neuropeptides in vivo ."
sparser
"This is in support of previously published evidences that pituitary have a sensing mechanism of acetylated α-MSH 1–13 concentration and they release α-MSH 1–13 accordingly [ xref ], suggesting a feedback inhibition mechanism that could result in an unchanged absolute quantity of acetylated α-MSH 1–13 in the PREP-GT mouse."
sparser
"We developped an MS method with 4, 5 and 7 MRM transitions, respectively, to quantitate in vivo the deacetylated α-MSH 1–13 , the anorexigenically active acetylated α-MSH 1–13 and the truncated form, α-MSH 1–12 , which results from the activity of PREP [see Additional File xref ]."
STAMBP is phosphorylated.
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5
sparser
"In neuropeptides and prohormones, serine phosphorylation enables enkelytin’s inhibition of bacterial growth [ xref – xref ], tyrosine phosphorylation regulates proteolytic processing of the gastrin precursor [ xref – xref ], and α-MSH phosphorylation reduces its binding affinity for melanocortin receptors [ xref ]."
STAMBP is ubiquitinated.
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4
STAMBP is palmitoylated.
|
4
sparser
"Upon palmitoylation of
α-MSH(6-13), it was seen that Pal-α-MSH(6-13) showed activity
similar to that of α-MSH(6-13) against the stationary phase
of S. aureus , exhibiting approximately
1 and 2 log reductions in viable cell count upon 1 and 2 h incubation,
respectively, at 20 μM concentration ( xref a)."
sparser
"α-melanocortin-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), a post-translational product of the POMC gene, binds to the melanocortin receptor 4 (MC4R) and triggers an anorectic signal in the hypothalamus, while AgRP (an inverse agonist of MC4R) prevents α-MSH binding to MC4R. Chronic Rb1 treatment significantly increased POMC and inhibited AgRP mRNA expression in high-fat diet fed mice, implying that Rb1 exerts its anorexigenic action at least partially by targeting the melanocortin system, the POMC and AgRP neurons."
sparser
"Monosomy 1p36 has also been associated with obesity and hyperphagia in a PW negative cohort. xref Individuals with loss of function mutations of the leptin ( LEP ) gene on chromosome 7q31.3, or its receptor ( LEPR ) also display abnormal eating behavior and develop early-onset morbid obesity. xref – xref Leptin replacement can improve satiety and promote weight loss in leptin deficient individuals. xref Leptin promotes α-melanocyte stimulating hormone(α-MSH) synthesis which promotes satiety. xref α-MSH is bound by the melanocortin 4 receptor (MCR4) protein."
sparser
"MC3R and MC4R both can bind to ACTH or α-MSH with high affinity, but evidence suggests that they are not redundant in regulating food intake behavior and energy homeostasis such as hunger and satiety signaling, because the MC4R receptor knockout mice manifest hyperphagia, obesity, insulin resistance, and increased linear growth while the MC3R receptor knockout animals are not hyperphagic but still obese xref , xref ."
sparser
"The neuropeptide Y (NPY) neurons, on the other hand, release NPY hormone and agouti gene-related protein (AgRP), which prevent the binding of α-MSH to MC3R and MC4R, increasing food intake. xref Whole animal studies in ovariectomized rats have reported that a significant reduction in food intake by E2 treatment compared to oil treatment was not detected after administration of the melanocortin receptor antagonist SHU919."
sparser
"The fact that α-MSH and ACTH bind to the lamprey receptor with similar affinities, while the affinity of α-MSH for the human MCR1 is 20 times higher than that of ACTH (Haitina et al., 2007; Schiöth et al., 1997) , suggests that ACTH may be the biological and the "ancestral" ligand for the Mcr1 in agnathans."
sparser
"MC3R and MC4R both can bind to ACTH or α-MSH with high affinity, but evidence suggests that they are not redundant in regulating food intake behavior and energy homeostasis such as hunger and satiety signaling, because the MC4R receptor knockout mice manifest hyperphagia, obesity, insulin resistance, and increased linear growth while the MC3R receptor knockout animals are not hyperphagic but still obese xref , xref ."
sparser
"The fact that α-MSH and ACTH bind to the lamprey receptor with similar affinities, while the affinity of α-MSH for the human MCR1 is 20 times higher than that of ACTH (Haitina et al., 2007; Schiöth et al., 1997) , suggests that ACTH may be the biological and the "ancestral" ligand for the Mcr1 in agnathans."
sparser
"MC3R and MC4R both can bind to ACTH or α-MSH with high affinity, but evidence suggests that they are not redundant in regulating food intake behavior and energy homeostasis such as hunger and satiety signaling, because the MC4R receptor knockout mice manifest hyperphagia, obesity, insulin resistance, and increased linear growth while the MC3R receptor knockout animals are not hyperphagic but still obese xref , xref ."
"BMP type I receptor activation stimulates AMSH phosphorylation | The exact position of phosphoserine residues in four phosphopeptides was identified by Edman degradation analysis; spot a for Ser243, Ser245 and Ser247, spot b for Ser2, and spots c and d for Ser48. To confirm the position of the phosphoserine residues, the serine residue(s) in each phosphopeptide was replaced by alanine residues. Then, each mutant as well as wild‐type AMSH was transfected into COS7 cells in the absence or presence of caALK6, and tryptic phosphopeptide mapping of each mutant was performed. As seen in Figure 7, each spot corresponding to the phosphopeptide containing phosphoserine disappeared in the tryptic phosphopeptide mapping. | Thus, AMSH promotes BMP signaling by negatively regulating the function of I‐Smads."
"BMP type I receptor activation stimulates AMSH phosphorylation | The exact position of phosphoserine residues in four phosphopeptides was identified by Edman degradation analysis; spot a for Ser243, Ser245 and Ser247, spot b for Ser2, and spots c and d for Ser48. To confirm the position of the phosphoserine residues, the serine residue(s) in each phosphopeptide was replaced by alanine residues. Then, each mutant as well as wild‐type AMSH was transfected into COS7 cells in the absence or presence of caALK6, and tryptic phosphopeptide mapping of each mutant was performed. As seen in Figure 7, each spot corresponding to the phosphopeptide containing phosphoserine disappeared in the tryptic phosphopeptide mapping. | Thus, AMSH promotes BMP signaling by negatively regulating the function of I‐Smads."
"BMP type I receptor activation stimulates AMSH phosphorylation | The exact position of phosphoserine residues in four phosphopeptides was identified by Edman degradation analysis; spot a for Ser243, Ser245 and Ser247, spot b for Ser2, and spots c and d for Ser48. To confirm the position of the phosphoserine residues, the serine residue(s) in each phosphopeptide was replaced by alanine residues. Then, each mutant as well as wild‐type AMSH was transfected into COS7 cells in the absence or presence of caALK6, and tryptic phosphopeptide mapping of each mutant was performed. As seen in Figure 7, each spot corresponding to the phosphopeptide containing phosphoserine disappeared in the tryptic phosphopeptide mapping. | Thus, AMSH promotes BMP signaling by negatively regulating the function of I‐Smads."
"BMP type I receptor activation stimulates AMSH phosphorylation | The exact position of phosphoserine residues in four phosphopeptides was identified by Edman degradation analysis; spot a for Ser243, Ser245 and Ser247, spot b for Ser2, and spots c and d for Ser48. To confirm the position of the phosphoserine residues, the serine residue(s) in each phosphopeptide was replaced by alanine residues. Then, each mutant as well as wild‐type AMSH was transfected into COS7 cells in the absence or presence of caALK6, and tryptic phosphopeptide mapping of each mutant was performed. As seen in Figure 7, each spot corresponding to the phosphopeptide containing phosphoserine disappeared in the tryptic phosphopeptide mapping. | Thus, AMSH promotes BMP signaling by negatively regulating the function of I‐Smads."
"BMP type I receptor activation stimulates AMSH phosphorylation | The exact position of phosphoserine residues in four phosphopeptides was identified by Edman degradation analysis; spot a for Ser243, Ser245 and Ser247, spot b for Ser2, and spots c and d for Ser48. To confirm the position of the phosphoserine residues, the serine residue(s) in each phosphopeptide was replaced by alanine residues. Then, each mutant as well as wild‐type AMSH was transfected into COS7 cells in the absence or presence of caALK6, and tryptic phosphopeptide mapping of each mutant was performed. As seen in Figure 7, each spot corresponding to the phosphopeptide containing phosphoserine disappeared in the tryptic phosphopeptide mapping. | Thus, AMSH promotes BMP signaling by negatively regulating the function of I‐Smads."
"BMP type I receptor activation stimulates AMSH phosphorylation | The exact position of phosphoserine residues in four phosphopeptides was identified by Edman degradation analysis; spot a for Ser243, Ser245 and Ser247, spot b for Ser2, and spots c and d for Ser48. To confirm the position of the phosphoserine residues, the serine residue(s) in each phosphopeptide was replaced by alanine residues. Then, each mutant as well as wild‐type AMSH was transfected into COS7 cells in the absence or presence of caALK6, and tryptic phosphopeptide mapping of each mutant was performed. As seen in Figure 7, each spot corresponding to the phosphopeptide containing phosphoserine disappeared in the tryptic phosphopeptide mapping. | Thus, AMSH promotes BMP signaling by negatively regulating the function of I‐Smads."
"BMP type I receptor activation stimulates AMSH phosphorylation | The exact position of phosphoserine residues in four phosphopeptides was identified by Edman degradation analysis; spot a for Ser243, Ser245 and Ser247, spot b for Ser2, and spots c and d for Ser48. To confirm the position of the phosphoserine residues, the serine residue(s) in each phosphopeptide was replaced by alanine residues. Then, each mutant as well as wild‐type AMSH was transfected into COS7 cells in the absence or presence of caALK6, and tryptic phosphopeptide mapping of each mutant was performed. As seen in Figure 7, each spot corresponding to the phosphopeptide containing phosphoserine disappeared in the tryptic phosphopeptide mapping. | Thus, AMSH promotes BMP signaling by negatively regulating the function of I‐Smads."
"BMP type I receptor activation stimulates AMSH phosphorylation | The exact position of phosphoserine residues in four phosphopeptides was identified by Edman degradation analysis; spot a for Ser243, Ser245 and Ser247, spot b for Ser2, and spots c and d for Ser48. To confirm the position of the phosphoserine residues, the serine residue(s) in each phosphopeptide was replaced by alanine residues. Then, each mutant as well as wild‐type AMSH was transfected into COS7 cells in the absence or presence of caALK6, and tryptic phosphopeptide mapping of each mutant was performed. As seen in Figure 7, each spot corresponding to the phosphopeptide containing phosphoserine disappeared in the tryptic phosphopeptide mapping. | Thus, AMSH promotes BMP signaling by negatively regulating the function of I‐Smads."
"BMP type I receptor activation stimulates AMSH phosphorylation | The exact position of phosphoserine residues in four phosphopeptides was identified by Edman degradation analysis; spot a for Ser243, Ser245 and Ser247, spot b for Ser2, and spots c and d for Ser48. To confirm the position of the phosphoserine residues, the serine residue(s) in each phosphopeptide was replaced by alanine residues. Then, each mutant as well as wild‐type AMSH was transfected into COS7 cells in the absence or presence of caALK6, and tryptic phosphopeptide mapping of each mutant was performed. As seen in Figure 7, each spot corresponding to the phosphopeptide containing phosphoserine disappeared in the tryptic phosphopeptide mapping. | Thus, AMSH promotes BMP signaling by negatively regulating the function of I‐Smads."
"BMP type I receptor activation stimulates AMSH phosphorylation | The exact position of phosphoserine residues in four phosphopeptides was identified by Edman degradation analysis; spot a for Ser243, Ser245 and Ser247, spot b for Ser2, and spots c and d for Ser48. To confirm the position of the phosphoserine residues, the serine residue(s) in each phosphopeptide was replaced by alanine residues. Then, each mutant as well as wild‐type AMSH was transfected into COS7 cells in the absence or presence of caALK6, and tryptic phosphopeptide mapping of each mutant was performed. As seen in Figure 7, each spot corresponding to the phosphopeptide containing phosphoserine disappeared in the tryptic phosphopeptide mapping. | Thus, AMSH promotes BMP signaling by negatively regulating the function of I‐Smads."
sparser
"AMSH-LP has no functional SBM or MIT (microtubule interacting and transport) domain, and therefore cannot bind to other components of the ESCRT machinery, but a host of experimental studies have shown that the STAM protein connected to AMSH in a more subtle manner and serves as an activator of this enzymatic process [ xref , xref ], with the UIM domain of STAM serving as an activator in interactions with the proximal Ub of Lys63-Ub 2 and AMSH interacting with the distal Ub."
reach
"H, for comparison, in the STAMBPL1/K63-diUb structure (PDB:2ZNV), the side chain of R42 (G42 in UbVSP.1) precludes the formation of the hydrogen bond network seen in panel (G), the E326 loop of STAMBPL1, and the R72 of Ub.wt are expelled from forming a tight interaction.Figure 3: Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) measurement of the interaction between Ub, UbVs and STAMBP, STAMBL1.A, summary table of ITC measurements."
sparser
"Next we purified ubiquitin conjugates from L18-MDP-stimulated Mysm1 − /− BMDMs by TUBE and incubated them with recombinant MYSM1 (Rec-MYSM1) and compared the ubiquitin restriction pattern of Ub-RIP2 with that of AMSH, UCHL3, OTULIN or a combination of these three DUBs (Fig. xref )."
reach
"71 In contrast to PAR2, USP8 (or AMSH) does not impact CXCR4 ubiquitination but instead modulates the ubiquitin status of ESCRT-0 that is ubiquitinated by the E3 ligase AIP4, 23 reinforcing the idea that ubiquitination of the transport machinery represents an important regulatory event in GPCR trafficking."
reach
"Similarly, endosomal deubiquitinase AMSH (Associated Molecule with the SH3-domain of STAM) has been shown to antagonize the ubiquitin dependent lysosomal degradation of EGFR by trimming the K63 linked ubiquitin chains [XREF_BIBR] while other studies have shown this DUB to be required for MVB dependent EGFR degradation [XREF_BIBR, XREF_BIBR]."
STAMBP affects melanocortin receptor
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21
STAMBP binds melanocortin receptor.
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14
sparser
"For example, the central core sequence HFRW is responsible for the binding of α-MSH to the appetite-related melanocortin receptor MC4; the amino terminal SYS is important for binding at MC3 and MC5 receptors, thus influencing autonomic functions; and the amino terminal KPV sequence may trigger the anti-inflammatory effects at MC1 receptors [56], [57]."
STAMBP activates melanocortin receptor.
|
7
sparser
"In this system, proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC) project to downstream targets (such as the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, PVH) where they release POMC-derived peptides, including α-MSH, that activate CNS melanocortin receptors to reduce food intake and increase energy expenditure ( xref – xref )."
sparser
"Both pathways are interrelated at different levels, for example through the interaction of STAM-binding protein (STAMBP) with growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (Grb2) ( xref ). xref Mutations of STAMBP have been associated with enhanced RAS-MAPK and PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathways in patients with microcephaly-capillary malformation syndrome (MIC-CAP) ( xref ) xref , underscoring the importance of both signaling pathways in cell growth, proliferation, and angiogenesis."
reach
"The DUBs AMSH (associated molecule with the SH3 domain of STAM) XREF_BIBR and UBPY (ubiquitin isopeptidase Y/ubiquitin specific protease 8) XREF_BIBR, bind both the ESCRT-0 component STAM (signal transducing adaptor molecule) and ESCRT and III complex members XREF_BIBR, and are implicated in regulating EGFR sorting onto the degradative pathway."
sparser
"The functional relevance of the interaction between USP8, AMSH, and STAM in the endocytic trafficking of activated growth factors is supported by other observations, including that catalytically inactive AMSH, a potential “substrate trap” mutant, resulted in the accumulation of ubiquitin on endosomes, an increased association with STAM, and the generation of a minor product consistent with ubiquitylated STAM ( xref )."
STAMBP affects production
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17
STAMBP inhibits production.
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14
sparser
"Furthermore, it readily inhibits free radical-mediated lipid peroxidation both in vivo and in vitro , and acts as a hydroxyl radical scavenger.[ xref ] The hydroxyl is sufficiently reactive to initiate lipid peroxidation after sciatic nerve injury.[ xref xref xref ] In vitro studies have demonstrated that α-MSH stimulates axon growth by accelerating c-AMP (cylic adenosine monophospahte production in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion in embryonic culture.[ xref xref xref ] Additionally, α-MSH also inhibits production of nitric oxide (NO) and TNF-α.[ xref ] This property affords antioxidant protection during I/R by both reducing the levels of NO and lowering the generation of peroxynitrite, another reactant easily capable of initiating lipid peroxidation.[ xref xref ] These indirect antioxidant actions of α-MSH may be significant in affording protection against neuronal injury.[ xref ] α-MSH is known to have the ability to modulate CNS inflammation."
STAMBP activates production.
|
3
reach
"The DUBs AMSH (associated molecule with the SH3 domain of STAM) XREF_BIBR and UBPY (ubiquitin isopeptidase Y/ubiquitin specific protease 8) XREF_BIBR, bind both the ESCRT-0 component STAM (signal transducing adaptor molecule) and ESCRT and III complex members XREF_BIBR, and are implicated in regulating EGFR sorting onto the degradative pathway."
sparser
"The functional relevance of the interaction between USP8, AMSH, and STAM in the endocytic trafficking of activated growth factors is supported by other observations, including that catalytically inactive AMSH, a potential “substrate trap” mutant, resulted in the accumulation of ubiquitin on endosomes, an increased association with STAM, and the generation of a minor product consistent with ubiquitylated STAM ( xref )."
STAMBP affects activation
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16
sparser
"In addition, cell treatment with α-MSH induced phosphorylation of ERK and CREB in control siRNA-treated cells, while α-MSH-induced ERK and CREB activation did not occur in LC3 siRNA-treated cells ( xref ), emphasizing that ERK-CREB activation is a downstream signaling component in the pathway involved in LC3-mediated MITF expression xref xref ."
sparser
"AMSH-LP has no functional SBM or MIT (microtubule interacting and transport) domain, and therefore cannot bind to other components of the ESCRT machinery, but a host of experimental studies have shown that the STAM protein connected to AMSH in a more subtle manner and serves as an activator of this enzymatic process [ xref , xref ], with the UIM domain of STAM serving as an activator in interactions with the proximal Ub of Lys63-Ub 2 and AMSH interacting with the distal Ub."
reach
"H, for comparison, in the STAMBPL1/K63-diUb structure (PDB:2ZNV), the side chain of R42 (G42 in UbVSP.1) precludes the formation of the hydrogen bond network seen in panel (G), the E326 loop of STAMBPL1, and the R72 of Ub.wt are expelled from forming a tight interaction.Figure 3: Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) measurement of the interaction between Ub, UbVs and STAMBP, STAMBL1.A, summary table of ITC measurements."
sparser
"Next we purified ubiquitin conjugates from L18-MDP-stimulated Mysm1 − /− BMDMs by TUBE and incubated them with recombinant MYSM1 (Rec-MYSM1) and compared the ubiquitin restriction pattern of Ub-RIP2 with that of AMSH, UCHL3, OTULIN or a combination of these three DUBs (Fig. xref )."
Melanocortin receptor affects STAMBP
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14
sparser
"For example, the central core sequence HFRW is responsible for the binding of α-MSH to the appetite-related melanocortin receptor MC4; the amino terminal SYS is important for binding at MC3 and MC5 receptors, thus influencing autonomic functions; and the amino terminal KPV sequence may trigger the anti-inflammatory effects at MC1 receptors [56], [57]."
reach
"We next tested inhibition of STAMBP DUB activity specific to Ub-NALP7; here inclusion of BC-1471 blocked STAMBP mediated deubiquitination of Ub-NALP7 in vitro in a concentration dependent manner (XREF_FIG), where BC-1471 performed comparably to the broad-spectrum metalloprotease DUB inhibitor 1,10-phenanthroline."
reach
"Bednash et al.75 showed that the DUB STAMPBP (or AMSH) deubiquitinates NLRP7 rescuing this receptor from progressing to lysosome degradation and making it available for the formation of an active inflammasome.NLRC4 inflammasome activation can also be controlled by ubiquitination, although very little is known about how this occurs."
reach
"The new findings of this study are that (i) NALP7 is a ubiquitinated protein degraded within the lysosome, (ii) LPS and Pam3CSK4 preserve NALP7 protein by disrupting lysosomal trafficking, (iii) NALP7 abundance is modulated by the DUB, STAMBP and (iv) pharmacologic targeting of STAMBP deubiquitinase activity using a novel chemical entity abrogates induction of NALP7 levels in response to these PAMPs, thereby significantly suppressing IL-1beta secretion."
sparser
"We found that α-MSH induced significant activation of ERK1/2 in the WT hMC3R (Fig. xref ), consistent with previous studies when the WT MC3R was stimulated with either NDP-MSH or D-Trp 8 -γ-MSH as well as in mouse dorsal medial nucleus and ventromedial nucleus xref , xref , xref , although not consistent with another report xref ."
sparser
"Tyrosinase (TYR) is a key enzyme that regulates melanin synthesis, xref which is regulated by a microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF). xref It is reported that Erk1/2 activation can phosphorylate MITF at Ser73 and 409 sites, leading to a temporary increase in the trans-activation activity and subsequent degradation of MITF. xref As α-MSH can activate the ERK1/2 signaling via binding to MC1R, xref , xref we conjecture that ERK1/2/MITF/TYR signaling may be involved in α-MSH-PE38KDEL-mediated apoptosis of melanoma cells."
sparser
"In addition, cell treatment with α-MSH induced phosphorylation of ERK and CREB in control siRNA-treated cells, while α-MSH-induced ERK and CREB activation did not occur in LC3 siRNA-treated cells ( xref ), emphasizing that ERK-CREB activation is a downstream signaling component in the pathway involved in LC3-mediated MITF expression xref xref ."
STAMBP affects 3',5'-cyclic AMP
|
14
sparser
"In fact, α-MSH interacts with MCRs (especially MC1R) on a variety of leukocytes, thereby modulating inflammatory reactions induced by endotoxin and related cytokines including IL-1, TNF-α and IFN-β.( xref – xref )α-MSH enhances the production of TGF-β1.( xref )Therefore, the TGF-β/TGF-β-R signaling pathway might activate POMC system to increase plasma levels of α-MSH, thereby exacerbating the symptoms of AD."
sparser
"Even though these hormones are derived from different regions of the precursor POMC, because they share a core binding sequence His-Phe-Arg-Trp (HFRW), which is required for binding and activation of the receptors, ACTH can activate all five MCRs, whereas α-MSH can activate all MCRs except MC2R ( xref )."
STAMBP affects expression
|
10
STAMBP inhibits expression.
|
8
sparser
"In addition to subtle changes in POMC expression between different plaque types, further analyses uncovered that the enzymes responsible for the processing and maturation of α-MSH are down-regulated in atherosclerotic plaques, while α-MSH inactivating PRCP expression is increased in plaque samples."
STAMBP activates expression.
|
2
sparser
"Thus the involvement of EPACs in α-MSH-induced CRE activation is not a HEK-293 cell specific phenomenon, but rather a common feature of the MC4R. In contrast to HEK-293 cells, the EPAC-2 specific inhibitor ESI-05 also blocked α-MSH-induced CRE activation in GT1-7 cells underscoring cell-type specific roles of EPAC-1 and -2 in this process."
sparser
"Thus the involvement of EPACs in α-MSH-induced CRE activation is not a HEK-293 cell specific phenomenon, but rather a common feature of the MC4R. In contrast to HEK-293 cells, the EPAC-2 specific inhibitor ESI-05 also blocked α-MSH-induced CRE activation in GT1-7 cells underscoring cell-type specific roles of EPAC-1 and -2 in this process."
sparser
"Α-MSH activates the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) inducing satiety, whereas AgRP acts as an inverse agonist of MC4R. However, only limited information is available regarding possible area-specific differences in the interaction between α-MSH and AgRP terminals on MC4R-expressing cells."
sparser
"Both α-MSH and AgRP bind to the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R), with α-MSH acting as an agonist to stimulate Gαs signaling, and AgRP acting as a competitive antagonist that blocks α-MSH binding and an inverse agonist that blocks constitutive activation by a ligand-mimetic amino-terminal domain. xref found that α-MSH depolarized MC4R neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) in a mouse hypothalamic slice preparation, thereby increasing the frequency of action potential firing, whereas AgRP hyperpolarized PVN MC4 neurons, decreasing their firing rate."
STAMBP affects activity
|
9
sparser
"Α-MSH activates the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) inducing satiety, whereas AgRP acts as an inverse agonist of MC4R. However, only limited information is available regarding possible area-specific differences in the interaction between α-MSH and AgRP terminals on MC4R-expressing cells."
sparser
"Both α-MSH and AgRP bind to the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R), with α-MSH acting as an agonist to stimulate Gαs signaling, and AgRP acting as a competitive antagonist that blocks α-MSH binding and an inverse agonist that blocks constitutive activation by a ligand-mimetic amino-terminal domain. xref found that α-MSH depolarized MC4R neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) in a mouse hypothalamic slice preparation, thereby increasing the frequency of action potential firing, whereas AgRP hyperpolarized PVN MC4 neurons, decreasing their firing rate."
5
|
3
STAMBP is active.
5
|
"BMP type I receptor activation stimulates AMSH phosphorylation | The exact position of phosphoserine residues in four phosphopeptides was identified by Edman degradation analysis; spot a for Ser243, Ser245 and Ser247, spot b for Ser2, and spots c and d for Ser48. To confirm the position of the phosphoserine residues, the serine residue(s) in each phosphopeptide was replaced by alanine residues. Then, each mutant as well as wild‐type AMSH was transfected into COS7 cells in the absence or presence of caALK6, and tryptic phosphopeptide mapping of each mutant was performed. As seen in Figure 7, each spot corresponding to the phosphopeptide containing phosphoserine disappeared in the tryptic phosphopeptide mapping. | Thus, AMSH promotes BMP signaling by negatively regulating the function of I‐Smads."
"BMP type I receptor activation stimulates AMSH phosphorylation | The exact position of phosphoserine residues in four phosphopeptides was identified by Edman degradation analysis; spot a for Ser243, Ser245 and Ser247, spot b for Ser2, and spots c and d for Ser48. To confirm the position of the phosphoserine residues, the serine residue(s) in each phosphopeptide was replaced by alanine residues. Then, each mutant as well as wild‐type AMSH was transfected into COS7 cells in the absence or presence of caALK6, and tryptic phosphopeptide mapping of each mutant was performed. As seen in Figure 7, each spot corresponding to the phosphopeptide containing phosphoserine disappeared in the tryptic phosphopeptide mapping. | Thus, AMSH promotes BMP signaling by negatively regulating the function of I‐Smads."
"BMP type I receptor activation stimulates AMSH phosphorylation | The exact position of phosphoserine residues in four phosphopeptides was identified by Edman degradation analysis; spot a for Ser243, Ser245 and Ser247, spot b for Ser2, and spots c and d for Ser48. To confirm the position of the phosphoserine residues, the serine residue(s) in each phosphopeptide was replaced by alanine residues. Then, each mutant as well as wild‐type AMSH was transfected into COS7 cells in the absence or presence of caALK6, and tryptic phosphopeptide mapping of each mutant was performed. As seen in Figure 7, each spot corresponding to the phosphopeptide containing phosphoserine disappeared in the tryptic phosphopeptide mapping. | Thus, AMSH promotes BMP signaling by negatively regulating the function of I‐Smads."
"BMP type I receptor activation stimulates AMSH phosphorylation | The exact position of phosphoserine residues in four phosphopeptides was identified by Edman degradation analysis; spot a for Ser243, Ser245 and Ser247, spot b for Ser2, and spots c and d for Ser48. To confirm the position of the phosphoserine residues, the serine residue(s) in each phosphopeptide was replaced by alanine residues. Then, each mutant as well as wild‐type AMSH was transfected into COS7 cells in the absence or presence of caALK6, and tryptic phosphopeptide mapping of each mutant was performed. As seen in Figure 7, each spot corresponding to the phosphopeptide containing phosphoserine disappeared in the tryptic phosphopeptide mapping. | Thus, AMSH promotes BMP signaling by negatively regulating the function of I‐Smads."
"BMP type I receptor activation stimulates AMSH phosphorylation | The exact position of phosphoserine residues in four phosphopeptides was identified by Edman degradation analysis; spot a for Ser243, Ser245 and Ser247, spot b for Ser2, and spots c and d for Ser48. To confirm the position of the phosphoserine residues, the serine residue(s) in each phosphopeptide was replaced by alanine residues. Then, each mutant as well as wild‐type AMSH was transfected into COS7 cells in the absence or presence of caALK6, and tryptic phosphopeptide mapping of each mutant was performed. As seen in Figure 7, each spot corresponding to the phosphopeptide containing phosphoserine disappeared in the tryptic phosphopeptide mapping. | Thus, AMSH promotes BMP signaling by negatively regulating the function of I‐Smads."
STAMBP translocates.
|
3
STAMBP affects melanocortin
|
2
6
STAMBP binds melanocortin.
|
1
4
STAMBP activates melanocortin.
|
1
2
sparser
"After initial genomic photodamage associated with cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) formation, melanogenesis occurs downstream of p53-dependent proopiomelanocortin ( POMC) expression and paracrine signaling through α-MSH that activates melanocortin (MC1R) on melanocytes, followed by melanin production and redistribution to solar UV-exposed keratinocytes [ xref , xref , xref ]."
STAMBP affects inflammatory response
|
3
5
STAMBP affects feeding
|
8
STAMBP affects binding
|
8
STAMBP affects Neoplasm Invasiveness
|
3
5
STAMBP affects MSH
|
8
sparser
"Genetic factors are estimated to account for 40% to 70% of the obesity predisposition of an individual. ( xref )The melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) is a seven transmembrane G protein coupled receptor expressed in the neurons of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus.( xref ) Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) is a key step in the anorexigenic signaling cascade of leptin with POMC derived peptides α-MSH and β-MSH binding the MC4R in the hypothalamus."
reach
"The mammalian Hrs and STAM complex, equivalent to the Vps27 and Hse1 complex in budding yeast, binds two deubiquitinating enzymes, the JAMM and MPN+ family member AMSH (associated molecule with the SH3 domain of STAM) and the ubiquitin specific protease family member UBPY (ubiquitin isopeptidase Y)."
sparser
"Given our previous observation that both EGFR and an EGFR-ErbB2 chimera undergo Cbl-mediated K63-polyubiquitination, we investigated in the present study whether activation of the EGFR and the EGFR-ErbB2 chimera is associated with tyrosine phosphorylation of the ESCRT-0 complex subunit Hrs and AMSH-mediated deubiquitination."
MSH affects STAMBP
|
8
sparser
"Genetic factors are estimated to account for 40% to 70% of the obesity predisposition of an individual. ( xref )The melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) is a seven transmembrane G protein coupled receptor expressed in the neurons of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus.( xref ) Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) is a key step in the anorexigenic signaling cascade of leptin with POMC derived peptides α-MSH and β-MSH binding the MC4R in the hypothalamus."
sparser
"The functional relevance of the interaction between USP8, AMSH, and STAM in the endocytic trafficking of activated growth factors is supported by other observations, including that catalytically inactive AMSH, a potential “substrate trap” mutant, resulted in the accumulation of ubiquitin on endosomes, an increased association with STAM, and the generation of a minor product consistent with ubiquitylated STAM ( xref )."
STAMBP affects corticosterone
|
7
sparser
"The functional relevance of the interaction between USP8, AMSH, and STAM in the endocytic trafficking of activated growth factors is supported by other observations, including that catalytically inactive AMSH, a potential “substrate trap” mutant, resulted in the accumulation of ubiquitin on endosomes, an increased association with STAM, and the generation of a minor product consistent with ubiquitylated STAM ( xref )."
sparser
"In fact, α-MSH interacts with MCRs (especially MC1R) on a variety of leukocytes, thereby modulating inflammatory reactions induced by endotoxin and related cytokines including IL-1, TNF-α and IFN-β.( xref – xref )α-MSH enhances the production of TGF-β1.( xref )Therefore, the TGF-β/TGF-β-R signaling pathway might activate POMC system to increase plasma levels of α-MSH, thereby exacerbating the symptoms of AD."
reach
"XREF_BIBR In the recent study by Hur, XREF_BIBR luteolin did not inhibit tyrosinase activation directly, but it concentration-dependently inhibited tyrosinase activation and melanin generation increase by a-MSH in the B16 melanoma cell as well as cAMP generation by MSH and forskolin, which identified the action mechanism of its whitening action generation."
STAMBP affects Neoplasm Metastasis
|
4
2
Melanocortin affects STAMBP
|
1
4
sparser
"Moreover, α-MSH suppressive effect on NF-κB nuclear translocation was also inhibited by transfection of HK cells with IRAK-M siRNA ( xref and xref ), indicating that α-MSH suppression of LTA-induced IL-8 increase through NF-κB transactivation may be specifically associated with a negative functional regulation of IRAK-M in the HK TLR2 signaling pathway."
sparser
"MC3R and MC4R both can bind to ACTH or α-MSH with high affinity, but evidence suggests that they are not redundant in regulating food intake behavior and energy homeostasis such as hunger and satiety signaling, because the MC4R receptor knockout mice manifest hyperphagia, obesity, insulin resistance, and increased linear growth while the MC3R receptor knockout animals are not hyperphagic but still obese xref , xref ."
sparser
"The neuropeptide Y (NPY) neurons, on the other hand, release NPY hormone and agouti gene-related protein (AgRP), which prevent the binding of α-MSH to MC3R and MC4R, increasing food intake. xref Whole animal studies in ovariectomized rats have reported that a significant reduction in food intake by E2 treatment compared to oil treatment was not detected after administration of the melanocortin receptor antagonist SHU919."
sparser
"The functional relevance of the interaction between USP8, AMSH, and STAM in the endocytic trafficking of activated growth factors is supported by other observations, including that catalytically inactive AMSH, a potential “substrate trap” mutant, resulted in the accumulation of ubiquitin on endosomes, an increased association with STAM, and the generation of a minor product consistent with ubiquitylated STAM ( xref )."
sparser
"Obesity is known to cause inflammation and insulin resistance in the vasculature and non-vascular tissues involved in glucose metabolism. xref Evidence suggests that hyperglycemia may contribute to defective NO-dependent vasodilation in diabetes. xref The inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression is elevated in adipose tissue of obese people compared to those of lean people xref and is a mediator of inflammation and a key enzyme in insulin resistance. xref The colocalization of α-MSH 1–13 receptors (MC4R) with iNOS has been reported, suggesting a role for α-MSH 1–13 in obese people. xref The inactivation of α-MSH 1–13 by PRCP provides a positive feedback loop for postprandial enhancement of food intake and inflammation by inhibiting α-MSH 1–13 function, as shown in xref . xref Since PRCP regulates the anorectic action of α-MSH 1–13 , this study highlights the presence of a newly recognized interaction between inflammation, obesity, and the expression and activity of PRCP ( xref ). xref In view of the above studies, we consider that PRCP may be a key player in the obesity-associated metabolic complications, inflammatory response, and the host defense mechanism."
reach
"The mammalian Hrs and STAM complex, equivalent to the Vps27 and Hse1 complex in budding yeast, binds two deubiquitinating enzymes, the JAMM and MPN+ family member AMSH (associated molecule with the SH3 domain of STAM) and the ubiquitin specific protease family member UBPY (ubiquitin isopeptidase Y)."
sparser
"Given our previous observation that both EGFR and an EGFR-ErbB2 chimera undergo Cbl-mediated K63-polyubiquitination, we investigated in the present study whether activation of the EGFR and the EGFR-ErbB2 chimera is associated with tyrosine phosphorylation of the ESCRT-0 complex subunit Hrs and AMSH-mediated deubiquitination."
STAMBP affects translocation
|
4
STAMBP affects stabilization
|
4
eidos
"STAMBP promotes EGFR stabilization Although a previous report indicated that STAMBP promotes the stabilization of EGFR by deubiquitinating and recycling EGFR to the cell membrane [ 10 ] , subsequent studies revealed that STAMBP contributes to EGFR degradation by deubiquitinating the cargo in MVB / late endosomes [ 19,30,31 ] ."
STAMBP affects cell population proliferation
|
3
1
STAMBP activates cell population proliferation.
|
3
STAMBP inhibits cell population proliferation.
|
1
STAMBP inhibits cell population proliferation. 1 / 1
|
1
STAMBP affects cell migration
|
1
3
STAMBP affects IgG
|
4
sparser
"On the other hand, MEK-Erk signaling pathway is involved in anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of α-MSH in a rat model of prolonged myocardial ischemia and reperfusion xref ; MEK-Erk1 or 2 pathway also mediates the interaction between the signaling pathways induced by α-MSH and leptin in both human embryonic kidney cells and brain microvessel endothelial cells xref ."
sparser
"Short-term treatment with leptin was reported to increase the proportion of acetylated α-MSH in the hypothalamus of ob/ob mice but studies from different laboratories did not find significant acetylation of α-MSH in the hypothalamus or the regulation of α-MSH acetylation by leptin ( xref ; xref ) ( xref )."
IgG affects STAMBP
|
4
Prostaglandins affects STAMBP
|
3
MVps24 affects STAMBP
|
3
Bromocriptine affects STAMBP
|
3
sparser
"The MIM 1 sequence motif responsible for VPS4 interaction [ xref ] overlaps with the CHMP3-AMSH binding site and superpositioning of the VPS4A-CHMP1B and VPS4B-CHMP2A structures with AMSH-CHMP3 demonstrates the overlap of the binding motifs, which prohibits simultaneous binding of AMSH and VPS4 to CHMP3."
reach
"The MIM 1 sequence motif responsible for VPS4 interaction [XREF_BIBR] overlaps with the CHMP3-AMSH binding site and superpositioning of the VPS4A-CHMP1B and VPS4B-CHMP2A structures with AMSH-CHMP3 demonstrates the overlap of the binding motifs, which prohibits simultaneous binding of AMSH and VPS4 to CHMP3."
STAMBP affects tumor growth
|
3
STAMBP affects release
|
3
STAMBP affects mVps24
|
3
STAMBP affects increase
|
3
STAMBP affects effect
|
3
sparser
"Furthermore, increased expression of annexin A1 (ANXA1) was found to be responsible for the α-MSH inhibiting effect on TNF-α-induced MoDC maturation, which could be abolished by the treatment of MoDCs with specific, small interfering RNAs targeting ANXA1 (ANXA1-siRNA), suggesting that α-MSH-induced ANXA1 mediates the inhibition."
STAMBP affects aldosterone
|
3
sparser
"The MIM 1 sequence motif responsible for VPS4 interaction [ xref ] overlaps with the CHMP3-AMSH binding site and superpositioning of the VPS4A-CHMP1B and VPS4B-CHMP2A structures with AMSH-CHMP3 demonstrates the overlap of the binding motifs, which prohibits simultaneous binding of AMSH and VPS4 to CHMP3."
reach
"The MIM 1 sequence motif responsible for VPS4 interaction [XREF_BIBR] overlaps with the CHMP3-AMSH binding site and superpositioning of the VPS4A-CHMP1B and VPS4B-CHMP2A structures with AMSH-CHMP3 demonstrates the overlap of the binding motifs, which prohibits simultaneous binding of AMSH and VPS4 to CHMP3."
STAMBP affects SH3 domain
|
3
reach
"To probe this, we used a combination of biophysical techniques and biochemical assays to assess three individual events : (1) AMSH recruitment to STAM via the SH3 domain and a longer STAM segment in which the UIM is fused to the SH3 domain (UIM-SH3), (2) ubiquitin binding to UIM-SH3, and finally, (3) the ternary complex of the catalytic domain of AMSH, UIM-SH3, and Lys63 linked diubiquitin."
reach
"XREF_BIBR In addition, alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (a-MSH), ligand of the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), not only induces melanin synthesis but has also an ability to reduce UVB induced DNA damage by enhanced nucleotide excision repair (NER) in melanocytes, therefore directly influencing UV resistance."
reach
"XREF_BIBR In the recent study by Hur, XREF_BIBR luteolin did not inhibit tyrosinase activation directly, but it concentration-dependently inhibited tyrosinase activation and melanin generation increase by a-MSH in the B16 melanoma cell as well as cAMP generation by MSH and forskolin, which identified the action mechanism of its whitening action generation."
sparser
"We have assumed that ACTH and α-MSH act primarily on the MC2R and MC5R respectively ( xref ), since α-MSH does not bind to MC2R and the hierarchical arrangement of melanocortins with regard to elevating intracellular cAMP level is evidenced for the functional expression of MC5R in 3T3-L1 adipocytes ( xref )."
sparser
"Moreover, α-MSH suppressive effect on NF-κB nuclear translocation was also inhibited by transfection of HK cells with IRAK-M siRNA ( xref and xref ), indicating that α-MSH suppression of LTA-induced IL-8 increase through NF-κB transactivation may be specifically associated with a negative functional regulation of IRAK-M in the HK TLR2 signaling pathway."
STAMBP affects ESCRT-0
|
3
STAMBP binds ESCRT-0.
|
2
STAMBP activates ESCRT-0.
|
1
reach
"71 In contrast to PAR2, USP8 (or AMSH) does not impact CXCR4 ubiquitination but instead modulates the ubiquitin status of ESCRT-0 that is ubiquitinated by the E3 ligase AIP4, 23 reinforcing the idea that ubiquitination of the transport machinery represents an important regulatory event in GPCR trafficking."
sparser
"In subsequent work, we found that the MC1R agonists α-MSH or ACTH stimulated PKA-mediated ATR phosphorylation and NER whereas the MC1R negative agonist ASIP and the neutral antagonist βD3 inhibited the pathway, suggesting that melanocyte genomic stability and susceptibility to UV mutagenesis may be hormonally influenced ( xref )."
STAM affects SH3 domain
|
3
reach
"To probe this, we used a combination of biophysical techniques and biochemical assays to assess three individual events : (1) AMSH recruitment to STAM via the SH3 domain and a longer STAM segment in which the UIM is fused to the SH3 domain (UIM-SH3), (2) ubiquitin binding to UIM-SH3, and finally, (3) the ternary complex of the catalytic domain of AMSH, UIM-SH3, and Lys63 linked diubiquitin."
SH3 domain affects STAMBP
|
3
reach
"To probe this, we used a combination of biophysical techniques and biochemical assays to assess three individual events : (1) AMSH recruitment to STAM via the SH3 domain and a longer STAM segment in which the UIM is fused to the SH3 domain (UIM-SH3), (2) ubiquitin binding to UIM-SH3, and finally, (3) the ternary complex of the catalytic domain of AMSH, UIM-SH3, and Lys63 linked diubiquitin."
POMC affects MSH
|
3
MSH affects POMC
|
3
sparser
"We have assumed that ACTH and α-MSH act primarily on the MC2R and MC5R respectively ( xref ), since α-MSH does not bind to MC2R and the hierarchical arrangement of melanocortins with regard to elevating intracellular cAMP level is evidenced for the functional expression of MC5R in 3T3-L1 adipocytes ( xref )."
IgG affects TFS1
|
3
sparser
"Moreover, α-MSH suppressive effect on NF-κB nuclear translocation was also inhibited by transfection of HK cells with IRAK-M siRNA ( xref and xref ), indicating that α-MSH suppression of LTA-induced IL-8 increase through NF-κB transactivation may be specifically associated with a negative functional regulation of IRAK-M in the HK TLR2 signaling pathway."
17alpha-ethynylestradiol affects STAMBP
2
|
1
Y-MSH affects STAMBP
|
2
Transferase affects STAMBP
|
2
Sodium fluoride affects STAMBP
2
|
Sodium fluoride increases the amount of STAMBP.
1
|
Sodium fluoride decreases the amount of STAMBP.
1
|
Prostaglandin E1 affects STAMBP
|
2
PglA affects PCL
|
2
P-chloromercuribenzoic acid affects STAMBP
2
|
Na affects STAMBP
|
2
Hsa-miR-218-2-3p affects STAMBP
2
|
Hsa-miR-101-3p affects STAMBP
2
|
Gamma-aminobutyric acid affects STAMBP
|
2
Complex affects STAMBP
|
2
reach
"The mammalian Hrs and STAM complex, equivalent to the Vps27 and Hse1 complex in budding yeast, binds two deubiquitinating enzymes, the JAMM and MPN+ family member AMSH (associated molecule with the SH3 domain of STAM) and the ubiquitin specific protease family member UBPY (ubiquitin isopeptidase Y)."
sparser
"The MIM 1 sequence motif responsible for VPS4 interaction [ xref ] overlaps with the CHMP3-AMSH binding site and superpositioning of the VPS4A-CHMP1B and VPS4B-CHMP2A structures with AMSH-CHMP3 demonstrates the overlap of the binding motifs, which prohibits simultaneous binding of AMSH and VPS4 to CHMP3."
UbVSP.3 affects STAMBP
|
2
UbVSP.1 affects STAMBP
|
2
UbV SP.3 affects STAMBP
|
2
UbV SP.1 affects STAMBP
|
2
STAMBP affects pathways
|
2
STAMBP affects nitric oxide
|
2
STAMBP affects na
|
2
STAMBP affects lung adenocarcinoma metastasis
|
2
STAMBP affects firing
|
2
sparser
"This study investigated hypothalamic responses to α-MSH during pregnancy, using c-fos expression in specific hypothalamic nuclei as a marker of neuronal signalling, and in vivo electrophysiology in supraoptic nucleus (SON) oxytocin neurons, as a representative α-MSH-responsive neuronal population that shows a well-characterised α-MSH-induced inhibition of firing."
STAMBP affects complex
|
2
reach
"The mammalian Hrs and STAM complex, equivalent to the Vps27 and Hse1 complex in budding yeast, binds two deubiquitinating enzymes, the JAMM and MPN+ family member AMSH (associated molecule with the SH3 domain of STAM) and the ubiquitin specific protease family member UBPY (ubiquitin isopeptidase Y)."
STAMBP affects cell motility
|
2
STAMBP affects apoptotic process
|
1
1
STAMBP inhibits apoptotic process.
|
1
STAMBP inhibits apoptotic process. 1 / 1
|
1
STAMBP activates apoptotic process.
|
1
Modified STAMBP activates apoptotic process. 1 / 1
|
1
STAMBP affects PCL
|
2
sparser
"On the other hand, MEK-Erk signaling pathway is involved in anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of α-MSH in a rat model of prolonged myocardial ischemia and reperfusion xref ; MEK-Erk1 or 2 pathway also mediates the interaction between the signaling pathways induced by α-MSH and leptin in both human embryonic kidney cells and brain microvessel endothelial cells xref ."
STAMBP affects IRAK-1
|
2
STAMBP affects Glu-Glu-Gly
|
2
STAMBP affects EV-Cx43
|
2
STAMBP affects ESCRT-III subunits
|
2
STAMBP affects CHMP proteins
|
2
STAMBP affects CAR
|
2
STAMBP affects ASIP
|
2
STAMBP affects 3-methylcholanthrene
|
2
sparser
"MC3R and MC4R both can bind to ACTH or α-MSH with high affinity, but evidence suggests that they are not redundant in regulating food intake behavior and energy homeostasis such as hunger and satiety signaling, because the MC4R receptor knockout mice manifest hyperphagia, obesity, insulin resistance, and increased linear growth while the MC3R receptor knockout animals are not hyperphagic but still obese xref , xref ."
PCL affects pglA
|
2
N-ethylmaleimide affects STAMBP
|
2
sparser
"MC3R and MC4R both can bind to ACTH or α-MSH with high affinity, but evidence suggests that they are not redundant in regulating food intake behavior and energy homeostasis such as hunger and satiety signaling, because the MC4R receptor knockout mice manifest hyperphagia, obesity, insulin resistance, and increased linear growth while the MC3R receptor knockout animals are not hyperphagic but still obese xref , xref ."
sparser
"MC3R and MC4R both can bind to ACTH or α-MSH with high affinity, but evidence suggests that they are not redundant in regulating food intake behavior and energy homeostasis such as hunger and satiety signaling, because the MC4R receptor knockout mice manifest hyperphagia, obesity, insulin resistance, and increased linear growth while the MC3R receptor knockout animals are not hyperphagic but still obese xref , xref ."
sparser
"The neuropeptide Y (NPY) neurons, on the other hand, release NPY hormone and agouti gene-related protein (AgRP), which prevent the binding of α-MSH to MC3R and MC4R, increasing food intake. xref Whole animal studies in ovariectomized rats have reported that a significant reduction in food intake by E2 treatment compared to oil treatment was not detected after administration of the melanocortin receptor antagonist SHU919."
IRAK3 affects IRAK-1
|
2
ESCRT-III subunits affects STAMBP
|
2
ESCRT-0 affects STAMBP
|
2
E3_Ub_ligase affects STAMBP
|
1
1
E3_Ub_ligase ubiquitinates STAMBP.
|
1
E3_Ub_ligase ubiquitinates STAMBP. 1 / 1
|
1
E3_Ub_ligase binds STAMBP.
|
1
sparser
"The MIM 1 sequence motif responsible for VPS4 interaction [ xref ] overlaps with the CHMP3-AMSH binding site and superpositioning of the VPS4A-CHMP1B and VPS4B-CHMP2A structures with AMSH-CHMP3 demonstrates the overlap of the binding motifs, which prohibits simultaneous binding of AMSH and VPS4 to CHMP3."
CHMP proteins affects STAMBP
|
2
CAR affects STAMBP
|
2
BC-1471 affects STAMBP
|
2
ASIP affects STAMBP
|
2
2
|
Vinclozolin affects STAMBP
1
|
Vanillic acid affects STAMBP
|
1
Vanillic acid inhibits STAMBP. 1 / 1
|
1
Tetrapeptide-melanotrophin potentiating factor affects STAMBP
|
1
Signaling receptor activity affects STAMBP
|
1
Serpentine asbestos affects STAMBP
1
|
Rosiglitazone affects STAMBP
1
|
Reactive oxygen species affects STAMBP
|
1
Reactive oxygen species binds STAMBP. 1 / 1
|
1
1
|
PGlu-His-Pro-NH2 affects STAMBP
|
1
P802 affects STAMBP
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1
Neutral endopeptidase inhibitor affects STAMBP
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1
Morphine(1+) affects STAMBP
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1
Morphine(1+) activates STAMBP. 1 / 1
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1
MiR-99a-3p affects STAMBP
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1
Methylmercury chloride affects STAMBP
1
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Methyl methanesulfonate affects STAMBP
1
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Melanocortin affects cytokine
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1
Melanocortin affects POMC
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1
Lipopolysaccharide affects STAMBP
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1
Lipopolysaccharide activates STAMBP. 1 / 1
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1
Keratinocytes affects STAMBP
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1
Kappa opioid receptors affects STAMBP
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1
Isotretinoin affects STAMBP
1
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Hydrogen chloride affects STAMBP
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1
Hydrogen chloride activates STAMBP. 1 / 1
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1
Hsa-miR-6813-5p affects STAMBP
1
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Hsa-miR-6757-3p affects STAMBP
1
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Hsa-miR-6739-3p affects STAMBP
1
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Hsa-miR-584-5p affects STAMBP
1
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Hsa-miR-505-3p affects STAMBP
1
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Hsa-miR-4677-5p affects STAMBP
1
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Hsa-miR-221-3p affects STAMBP
1
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Hsa-miR-22-5p affects STAMBP
1
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Hsa-miR-2116-5p affects STAMBP
1
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Hsa-miR-190b affects STAMBP
1
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Hsa-miR-144-3p affects STAMBP
1
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Hsa-miR-139-5p affects STAMBP
1
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Endor- phin affects STAMBP
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1
Endopeptidase attack affects STAMBP
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1
Eas-1 homolog affects STAMBP
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1
Dorsomorphin affects STAMBP
1
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Dopamine- affects STAMBP
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1
Dibutyl phthalate affects STAMBP
1
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Cytokine affects melanocortin
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1
Cyclosporin A affects STAMBP
1
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Ben- zodiazepine diazepam (1,3) affects STAMBP
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1
Aflatoxin B1 affects STAMBP
1
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Acrylamide affects STAMBP
1
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A-MSH immunoreactive peptides affects STAMBP
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1
Vehicle Emissions affects STAMBP
1
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Ubs affects STAMBP
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1
USP8 affects HRS
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1
UBD affects I44
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1
Tobacco Smoke Pollution affects STAMBP
1
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STAMBP affects various membrane components including CXCR4 PAR2 Cx43
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1
STAMBP affects transformation
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1
STAMBP affects stimulation
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1
sparser
"However, as discussed below, chronic physiological/pathophysiological stimulation of MC4R, which is activated mainly by α-MSH, generally increases BP and is thought to play a key role in several forms of hypertension associated with increased SNS activity, including obesity-induced hypertension."
STAMBP affects signaling
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1
STAMBP affects signaling receptor activity
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1
STAMBP affects reactive oxygen species
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1
Reactive oxygen species binds STAMBP. 1 / 1
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1
STAMBP affects morphine(1+)
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1
STAMBP inhibits morphine(1+). 1 / 1
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1
STAMBP affects melanocortins
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1
STAMBP affects melanocortin 4 receptor
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1
STAMBP inhibits melanocortin 4 receptor. 1 / 1
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1
STAMBP affects lipopolysaccharide
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1
STAMBP activates lipopolysaccharide. 1 / 1
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1
STAMBP affects keratinocytes
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1
STAMBP affects in- hibitory
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1
STAMBP affects eumelanin
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1
STAMBP affects dihydroartemisinin
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1
STAMBP inhibits dihydroartemisinin. 1 / 1
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1
STAMBP affects chemotaxis
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1
STAMBP inhibits chemotaxis. 1 / 1
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1
STAMBP affects cell membrane receptors gap junctions
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1
STAMBP affects bromocriptine
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1
STAMBP activates bromocriptine. 1 / 1
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1
STAMBP affects activated EGFR
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1
STAMBP affects action
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1
STAMBP affects accumulation ubiquitinated protein aggregates associated autophagy receptor p62
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1
STAMBP affects Ubs
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1
STAMBP affects Sympathetic Nervous System
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1
STAMBP activates Sympathetic Nervous System. 1 / 1
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1
STAMBP affects Pam3CSK4
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1
sparser
"It has previously been suggested that these antibodies may: (1) bind and prevent α-MSH induced MCR signaling, (2) bind and still allow α-MSH signaling, protecting the peptide from endopeptidases and prolonging signaling, or (3) bind α-MSH and MCR, followed by activation of the complement immune system, ultimately resulting in neuronal destruction. xref "
STAMBP affects NLRP7 protein stability
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1
STAMBP affects NLRP3 protein abundance
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1
STAMBP affects N-methyl-D-aspartic acid
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1
N-methyl-D-aspartic acid binds STAMBP. 1 / 1
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1
eidos
"The new findings of the study are that ( i ) STAMBP modulates inflammasome activation and IL-1beta secretion in monocytes , ( ii ) NLRP3 , through its deubiquitination by STAMBP , represents a new client for the DUB , and ( iii ) NLRP3 K-63 linked polyubiquitination triggered by STAMPB cellular depletion appears to modulate inflammasome activity but not by increasing NLRP3 protein abundance ."
STAMBP affects MVB
|
1
STAMBP affects MSH-11
|
1
STAMBP affects MIT domain
|
1
STAMBP affects MC5 receptors
|
1
sparser
"Moreover, α-MSH suppressive effect on NF-κB nuclear translocation was also inhibited by transfection of HK cells with IRAK-M siRNA ( xref and xref ), indicating that α-MSH suppression of LTA-induced IL-8 increase through NF-κB transactivation may be specifically associated with a negative functional regulation of IRAK-M in the HK TLR2 signaling pathway."
STAMBP affects LOC129531
|
1
STAMBP affects K63Ub chains
|
1
STAMBP affects K11-polyUb chains
|
1
STAMBP affects IgG-
|
1
STAMBP affects IFN-y
|
1
STAMBP affects I44
|
1
STAMBP affects HRS
|
1
STAMBP affects HNSCC
|
1
sparser
"This included neuropeptide Y (NPY; fast-acting orexigenic peptide; Fig. xref i) and agouti-related peptide (AgRP; delayed, longer-acting orexigenic peptide; Fig. xref j) [ xref ], pro-opiomelanocortin [POMC; an anorexigenic precursor protein and member of the central melanocortin system; cleaved to α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH)] [ xref ] (Fig. xref k), leptin receptor (LepR; binds the anorexigenic hormone, leptin; Fig. xref l), melanocortin receptor 4 (MCR4; a G protein-coupled receptor that binds α-MSH; Fig. xref m), and fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5; the precursor of irisin, a thermogenic adipomyokine; Fig. xref n) [ xref ]."
STAMBP affects ESCRT-III components
|
1
STAMBP affects ESCRT III components
|
1
STAMBP affects EGFR-ERBB4 CYT-2 isoform
|
1
STAMBP affects EGFR-ERBB4 CYT-1
|
1
STAMBP affects E3_Ub_ligase
|
1
sparser
"Furthermore, we wanted to understand this activation phenomenon in more detail, in terms ofk cat and K M . To this end, we carried out another kinetic assay in which the catalytic domain of AMSH was pre-incubated in the presence of 20-fold excess UIM-SH3 to ensure that equilibrium favors the formation of the AMSH-UIM-SH3 complex."
STAMBP affects DNA Damage
|
1
STAMBP inhibits DNA Damage. 1 / 1
|
1
STAMBP affects CXCR4 receptor
|
1
sparser
"Moreover, α-MSH suppressive effect on NF-κB nuclear translocation was also inhibited by transfection of HK cells with IRAK-M siRNA ( xref and xref ), indicating that α-MSH suppression of LTA-induced IL-8 increase through NF-κB transactivation may be specifically associated with a negative functional regulation of IRAK-M in the HK TLR2 signaling pathway."
STAMBP affects CHMP3ΔN
|
1
sparser
"Competition-binding studies performed using 125 I-NDP-MSH at a concentration near the K d value for this ligand demonstrate that α-MSH, AgRP, SHU9119, and [Nle 4 ,DPhe 7 ]-α-MSH (NDP-MSH) bind C5 ( xref and xref ) with a rank order of affinity similar to that seen at the wild-type receptor (data not shown)."
STAMBP affects 1D-myo-inositol 6-phosphate
|
1
STAMBP activates 1D-myo-inositol 6-phosphate. 1 / 1
|
1
STAMBP affects -Talc cells2'
|
1
STAM affects HRS
|
1
SP.1 affects STAMBP
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1
SP affects STAMBP
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1
Reperfusion Injury affects STAMBP
|
1
Reperfusion Injury activates STAMBP. 1 / 1
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1
RNAi affects STAMBP
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1
R-endorphin affects STAMBP
|
1
Proteasome affects STAMBP
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1
Proteasome inhibits STAMBP. 1 / 1
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1
reach
"These three JAMM domain DUBs are : Rpn11 in yeast (POH1 in humans) XREF_BIBR - XREF_BIBR, a subunit of the proteasome that cleaves ubiquitin chains from substrate proteins that are being degraded by the proteasome; CSN5, a subunit of the COP9 signalosome XREF_BIBR which cleaves Nedd8 (Neural Precursor Cell Expressed, Developmentally Down-regulated 8, a ubiquitin like protein) conjugates; and AMSH (associated molecule with the SH3 domain of STAM) a deubiquitinating enzyme involved in endocytosis XREF_BIBR."
POMC affects melanocortin
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1
POMC affects keratinocytes
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1
sparser
"MC3R and MC4R both can bind to ACTH or α-MSH with high affinity, but evidence suggests that they are not redundant in regulating food intake behavior and energy homeostasis such as hunger and satiety signaling, because the MC4R receptor knockout mice manifest hyperphagia, obesity, insulin resistance, and increased linear growth while the MC3R receptor knockout animals are not hyperphagic but still obese xref , xref ."
Na+ channel activator veratridine affects STAMBP
|
1
sparser
"It has previously been suggested that these antibodies may: (1) bind and prevent α-MSH induced MCR signaling, (2) bind and still allow α-MSH signaling, protecting the peptide from endopeptidases and prolonging signaling, or (3) bind α-MSH and MCR, followed by activation of the complement immune system, ultimately resulting in neuronal destruction. xref "
sparser
"Moreover, α-MSH suppressive effect on NF-κB nuclear translocation was also inhibited by transfection of HK cells with IRAK-M siRNA ( xref and xref ), indicating that α-MSH suppression of LTA-induced IL-8 increase through NF-κB transactivation may be specifically associated with a negative functional regulation of IRAK-M in the HK TLR2 signaling pathway."
N-methyl-D-aspartic acid affects STAMBP
|
1
N-methyl-D-aspartic acid binds STAMBP. 1 / 1
|
1
MVB affects STAMBP
|
1
MSH-11 affects STAMBP
|
1
MSH affects melanocortin
|
1
MSH affects MC4R
|
1
MIT domain affects STAMBP
|
1
MC5 receptors affects STAMBP
|
1
sparser
"MC3R and MC4R both can bind to ACTH or α-MSH with high affinity, but evidence suggests that they are not redundant in regulating food intake behavior and energy homeostasis such as hunger and satiety signaling, because the MC4R receptor knockout mice manifest hyperphagia, obesity, insulin resistance, and increased linear growth while the MC3R receptor knockout animals are not hyperphagic but still obese xref , xref ."
sparser
"The neuropeptide Y (NPY) neurons, on the other hand, release NPY hormone and agouti gene-related protein (AgRP), which prevent the binding of α-MSH to MC3R and MC4R, increasing food intake. xref Whole animal studies in ovariectomized rats have reported that a significant reduction in food intake by E2 treatment compared to oil treatment was not detected after administration of the melanocortin receptor antagonist SHU919."
sparser
"MC3R and MC4R both can bind to ACTH or α-MSH with high affinity, but evidence suggests that they are not redundant in regulating food intake behavior and energy homeostasis such as hunger and satiety signaling, because the MC4R receptor knockout mice manifest hyperphagia, obesity, insulin resistance, and increased linear growth while the MC3R receptor knockout animals are not hyperphagic but still obese xref , xref ."
MC1R affects keratinocytes
|
1
MC1R affects ASIP
|
1
sparser
"Moreover, α-MSH suppressive effect on NF-κB nuclear translocation was also inhibited by transfection of HK cells with IRAK-M siRNA ( xref and xref ), indicating that α-MSH suppression of LTA-induced IL-8 increase through NF-κB transactivation may be specifically associated with a negative functional regulation of IRAK-M in the HK TLR2 signaling pathway."
LOC129531 affects STAMBP
|
1
IgG- affects STAMBP
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1
sparser
"Moreover, α-MSH suppressive effect on NF-κB nuclear translocation was also inhibited by transfection of HK cells with IRAK-M siRNA ( xref and xref ), indicating that α-MSH suppression of LTA-induced IL-8 increase through NF-κB transactivation may be specifically associated with a negative functional regulation of IRAK-M in the HK TLR2 signaling pathway."
I44 affects UBD
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1
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration affects STAMBP
|
1
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration activates STAMBP. 1 / 1
|
1
HRS affects USP8
|
1
sparser
"This included neuropeptide Y (NPY; fast-acting orexigenic peptide; Fig. xref i) and agouti-related peptide (AgRP; delayed, longer-acting orexigenic peptide; Fig. xref j) [ xref ], pro-opiomelanocortin [POMC; an anorexigenic precursor protein and member of the central melanocortin system; cleaved to α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH)] [ xref ] (Fig. xref k), leptin receptor (LepR; binds the anorexigenic hormone, leptin; Fig. xref l), melanocortin receptor 4 (MCR4; a G protein-coupled receptor that binds α-MSH; Fig. xref m), and fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5; the precursor of irisin, a thermogenic adipomyokine; Fig. xref n) [ xref ]."
ESCRT-III components affects STAMBP
|
1
ESCRT III components affects STAMBP
|
1
E3_Ub_ligase affects RNF19A, and STAMBP
|
1
sparser
"Furthermore, we wanted to understand this activation phenomenon in more detail, in terms ofk cat and K M . To this end, we carried out another kinetic assay in which the catalytic domain of AMSH was pre-incubated in the presence of 20-fold excess UIM-SH3 to ensure that equilibrium favors the formation of the AMSH-UIM-SH3 complex."
sparser
"Moreover, α-MSH suppressive effect on NF-κB nuclear translocation was also inhibited by transfection of HK cells with IRAK-M siRNA ( xref and xref ), indicating that α-MSH suppression of LTA-induced IL-8 increase through NF-κB transactivation may be specifically associated with a negative functional regulation of IRAK-M in the HK TLR2 signaling pathway."
CHMP3ΔN affects STAMBP
|
1
sparser
"Competition-binding studies performed using 125 I-NDP-MSH at a concentration near the K d value for this ligand demonstrate that α-MSH, AgRP, SHU9119, and [Nle 4 ,DPhe 7 ]-α-MSH (NDP-MSH) bind C5 ( xref and xref ) with a rank order of affinity similar to that seen at the wild-type receptor (data not shown)."
B-adrenergic receptors affects STAMBP
|
1
6-propyl-2-thiouracil affects STAMBP
1
|
3-endorphin(1-31) affects STAMBP
|
1
1,3-dinitrobenzene affects STAMBP
1
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(R)-noradrenaline affects STAMBP
|
1
(R)-noradrenaline activates STAMBP. 1 / 1
|
1
Pro'NPY affects STAMBP
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1
4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane affects STAMBP
1
|