IndraLab

Statements

eidos
"The most common adverse side effects associated with these two drugs are nausea , vomiting , and abdominal discomfort ( Srinivasa et al ., 2017 ) , but CQ and HCQ may cause cardiotoxicity , myopathy , and retinopathy ( Costedoat-Chalumeau et al ., 2007 ; Abdel-Hamid et al ., 2008 ; Chatre et al ., 2018 ; Jorge et al ., 2018 ) and have long QTc intervals ( Costedoat-Chalumeau et al ., 2007 ; WHO , 2017 ; Chatre et al ., 2018 ) ."
33614709
eidos
"CQ and HCQ can trigger retinopathy , neuromyopathy , and cardiomyopathy [ 85,157,158 ] , although the half cytotoxic concentration ( CC50 ) value of HCQ ( 249.50 muM ) was lower than that of CQ ( 273.20 muM ) , suggesting the reduced toxicity of the former ."
| PMC
eidos
"Hydroxychloroquine can cause retinopathy and rarely cardiac and auditory toxicity , retinopathy being dose and time dependent ."
32880032
eidos
"HCQ and CQ can cause retinopathy and prolonged QTc ( with fatal arrhythmias-tachycardia ) [ 22 , 23 ] ."
| PMC
eidos
"HCQ and CQ can lead to fatal dysrhythmias , electrolyte disturbances , retinopathy , deficiency of glucose-6-phosphatase , and corrected QT interval prolongation ."
| PMC
eidos
"Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine can both lead to retinopathy ."
| PMC
eidos
"The American Academy of Ophthalmology determined the risk factors for retinopathy due to HCQ use , which include a time of use greater than 5 years , a high daily drug dosage ( HCQ > 5.0 mg / kg lean body mass ; CQ > 2.3 mg / kg lean body mass ) , renal or liver disease patient , high body fat levels , use of concomitant drugs similar to tamoxifen , macular disease and age over 60 years ( Marmor et al. 2016 ) ."
32740801
eidos
"Indeed , it is known that HCQ causes retinopathies and this ocular condition is monitored annually in people under such treatment ( 26 ) ."
| DOI
eidos
"Another well-recognized adverse effect of HCQ and CQ is retinopathy , which occurs more frequently with long term use and higher doses ."
33542445
eidos
"Hydroxychloroquine ( HCQ ) promotes retinopathy through inactivating lysosomal enzymes , blocking phagocytes ' digestion ability , binding to the melanin , and blocking organic anion transporter family member 1A2 OATP1A2 ."
| PMC
eidos
"Another well-recognized adverse effect of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine is retinopathy , which occurs more frequently with long term use ( in years ) and higher doses ."
32864162
eidos
"Growing evidence suggest that HCQ promotes retinopathy by binding tightly to melanin in RPE ."
| PMC